内容正文:
专题02 状语从句、宾语从句与定语从句
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
状语从句
1.时间从句
when/while:while + 进行时;not…until 直到才
as soon as、since:主将从现
2. 条件从句
if/unless (=if…not),核心:主将从现;区分 if“是否(宾从)/ 如果(状从)”
3. 原因从句
because≠so 不能连用;why 提问只用 because
4. 让步从句
though/although≠but 不能连用
5. 目的从句
so that+can/could,表目的
6. 结果从句
so + 形 / 副 + that;such + 名词 + that;many/much/few/little 只用 so
1.语法单选:两大必考坑点①主将从现(if/as soon as/when 引导时间、条件从句);②连词不能成对连用:because≠so,though≠but(短文改错必考)
2.完形填空:侧重语境辨析when/while/until/unless/though 词义辨析,根据上下文逻辑选连词,不再单纯考语法。
3.句型转换:高频变形so…that↔such…that;if↔unless;because 变短语,同义句改写。
宾语从句
1.引导词用法
that 引导陈述句:无词义,不做成分,口语中可省略;若从句为并列句、含插入语时不可省。
if / whether 引导一般疑问句:意为“是否”,二者多数情况可互换。
whether 专属考点:介词后、不定式前、or not 前,只能用 whether,不能用 if。
特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句:what/who/where/when/how 等,保留原有疑问含义,不可省略引导词。
2.语序规则
唯一规则:宾语从句必须用陈述语序(引导词+主语+谓语+其他)。
3. 时态搭配(核心难点)
主句现在时:主句为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时,从句时态根据实际语境任意选择。
主句过去时:主句为一般过去时,从句必须用对应的过去时态(一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来),即主过从必过。
真理特例:从句表述客观真理、自然规律、客观事实,永远用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响。
1.单项选择:优先考查语序辨析、主过从必过时态匹配、if/whether 辨析,题干语境化,不再单纯考死规则。
2.句型转换:高频考查一般疑问句、特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,重点考查语序调整、时态统一、引导词替换。
3.短文改错:常见错误为主句过去时、从句时态未对应;疑问语序未改陈述语序;if/whether 混用。
4.完形填空:弱化纯语法考查,侧重结合上下文语境,判断宾语从句引导词及时态。
5.书面表达:要求熟练运用 I think that... / I wonder if... / Could you tell me... 等宾语从句句式,替换简单句提升作文质感。
定语从句
1.关系代词选用(中考重中之重)
that①先行词是人 / 物均可,作主 / 宾语;②必用 that 特例:先行词含人 + 物、有序数词 / 最高级、all/everything/nothing 等不定代词、the only/the very 修饰名词时,禁用 which。
which:先行词只指物,作主 / 宾,介词后只用 which。
who/whom:先行词只指人;who 作主语,whom 作宾语。
whose:表所属,“…… 的”,人 / 物通用,后接名词。
2.基础语法细节
省略关系词:关系代词在从句中作宾语时,that/which/who 可省略(完形、单选高频坑);作主语不能省。
主谓一致:从句谓语单复数由先行词决定。例:He is one of the students who like English.
介词 + 关系代词:介词提前时,人用 whom、物用 which,不能用 that。
3.句型固定搭配
It’s the best…that… 最高级固定句式;
先行词 all/something/nothing 只用 that。
题型分布:单选必考 1 题,完形填空 1~2 空,词语运用、短文改错偶尔考查,写作优先引导用定语从句提分。
命题热点 1:易混辨析:that/which/who 区分、介词 + which 陷阱题(近年高频)。
命题热点 2:特殊限定先行词:最高级、不定代词、人和物共用先行词,强制选 that,是出题常设陷阱。
命题热点 3:语境化出题:不再单独给名词,依托生活、校园、传统文化短文选词,弱化纯语法死记。
写作导向:书面表达鼓励用定语从句替换简单句,提升作文档次,阅卷加分点。
冷门小考点:whose 所有格、where/when 状语从句辨析逐年小幅增多。
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主从复合句(宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句)三大从句
从句类型
定义&位置
核心考点内容
易错
宾语从句
功能:在句中充当宾语位置:跟在动词、介词、形容词后
1. 引导词- that(陈述句,无词义,可省略)- if/whether(一般疑问句,表“是否”)- 特殊疑问词(what/who/where等,保留原义)
2. 语序:统一用陈述语序(主+谓)
3. 时态规则:- 主句现,从句时态不限- 主句过,从句变对应过去时态- 客观真理永用一般现在时
1. 否定前移:I don’t think + 从句(否定转移)
2. 仅whether可用场景:介词后、to do前、与or not连用
3. 绝对不能出现疑问语序
状语从句
功能:修饰整个主句,表逻辑关系位置:句首/句中/句末均可,不作句子主干成分
五大必考类型及连词
1. 时间:when/while/as/before/after/since/until/as soon as
2. 条件:if(如果)、unless(除非)
3. 原因:because/since/as
4. 让步:although/though(虽然)
5. 结果:so…that、such…that
1. 核心规则:时间、条件从句主将从现
2. while后只接进行时态
3. although/though禁止与but连用
4. so+形/副;such+名词短语,不可混用
定语从句
功能:修饰、限定名词/代词(先行词)位置:紧跟先行词之后,相当于形容词
1. 关系代词- that:人/物通用,特殊场景专用- which:仅指物- who(主)/whom(宾):仅指人- whose:表所属(……的)
2. 关系副词where(地点)、when(时间)、why(原因)
1. 先行词含最高级、序数词、不定代词、人+物、the only,必用that
2. 介词提前,只用which/whom,禁用that
3. 引导词作宾语可省,作主语不可省
4. 从句谓语单复数由先行词决定
💡 三大从句区分口诀
宾从位于动介后,陈述语序要记熟;状从修饰整句话,条件时间主将现;定从紧跟名词后,限定全靠关系词。
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知识点一 状语从句
从句类型
引导连词
核心考点
经典例句
时间状语从句
when/whileas soon asuntil/not…untilsince
1.while + 进行时态2.as soon as:主将从现3.not…until 直到… 才4.since 一过,主句现完
①While I was reading, he slept.②I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.③I didn’t go home until rain stopped.④I have lived here since I was 10.
条件状语从句
if(如果)unless=if…not
主将 / 主祈 / 主情从现;区分 if“是否 (宾从)/ 如果 (状从)”
①If it is sunny, we will go hiking.②You will fail unless you study hard.
原因状语从句
because / since / as
because 不与 so 连用;why 提问只用 because
He stayed at home because he was ill.(…so he was ill)
让步状语从句
though/although even though
不能和 but 连用
Though he is young, he knows lots.(×…but he knows)
目的状语从句
so that
从句常用 can/could/may
She gets up early so that she can catch the bus.
结果状语从句
so…that…such…that…
so + 形 / 副;such+(a/an) 形 + 名;many/much/few/little 只用 so
①The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.②It’s such a heavy box that I can’t carry it.
三大通用时态规则
主将从现:主句将来,从句一般现在(if/as soon as/when 通用)I will help you when I am free.
主过从过:主句过去,从句改用对应过去时态He said he would go if it didn’t rain.
禁用配对连词:because 与 so、though 与 but不能同时出现
易错点睛
until:肯定接延续动词,否定接短暂动词I waited until he came. / I didn’t leave until he came.
so/such 特例:so many books、so little water(只用 so)
【命题解读】
1.When ________ according to the instructions, the experiment, with all the figures ________, can achieve accurate (精准的) results.
A.done; are recorded B.being done; are recorded
C.done; recorded D.being done; recorded
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当实验按照说明进行时,所有数据都被记录下来的实验可以获得准确的结果。
第一空主语the experiment与do构成被动关系,完整结构为When it is done,省略主语和be动词后保留过去分词done;第二空figures与record构成被动关系,使用过去分词recorded作宾语补足语,with后不能使用谓语动词are recorded。
【易错警示】
2.My mother was sleeping ________ I talked to you on the phone. So I couldn’t talk to you loudly.
A.when B.while C.until
【答案】A
【思路点拨】句意:我和你打电话的时候,我妈妈正在睡觉,所以我不能大声跟你说话。
when当……时候;while当……时候(通常用于进行时);until直到。when引导时间状语从句,既可以表示“当……时候”,也可以用于主从句动作同时发生或先后发生,从句可用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时,符合本题语境; while后不能接短暂性动词 talked;until意为“直到……”,逻辑不符。 应填when。
2.She looked very small but beautiful at birth.
A.when she left the hospital B.when she was born C.when she was at home
【答案】B
【思路点拨】句意:她出生时看起来很小,但很漂亮。
考查同义词。when she left the hospital当她离开医院时;when she was born她出生时;when she was at home当她在家时。划线短语at birth表示“出生”,选项B与之同义。故选B。
【巩固提升1】
1.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)—I don’t know when Susan ________.
—Don’t worry. When she ________, I will tell you.
A.comes; will come B.will come; comes C.come; comes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我不知道苏珊什么时候来。——不用担心。她来的时候,我会告诉你的。
考查复合从句。空一是宾语从句,表示“不知道Susan什么时候来”,用一般将来时;空二是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,空处需用一般现在时。故选B。
2.(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)________ astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当宇航员进行太空行走时,他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。
考查连词辨析。Though虽然;Till直到;When当……时候;Unless除非。根据“astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe”可知当宇航员太空行走时,他们会穿宇航服,用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。
3.(2022·四川自贡·中考真题)—Learning to love is like learning to walk.
—Yes, ________ we step out bravely, we can find it easy.
A.although B.when C.unless
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——学会爱就像学会走路一样。——是的,当我们勇敢地走出来,我们会发现它很容易。
考查连词辨析。although尽管;when当……时;unless除非。根据“we step out bravely, we can find it easy”可知,当勇敢地走出来时,会发现它很容易,故选B。
知识点二 宾语从句
(1) 宾语从句的三要素:引导词、语序和时态
宾语从句
用法
例句
引导词
连接词
that
无实际意义 ,在从句中不充当任何成分 ,只起连接作用,可省略
He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
连接词
whether/ if
当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时 ,引导词用 whether/ if, 表示“是否”,不充当句子成分,不可省略
Could you tell me whether/ if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天是否下雪吗?
连接代词(what/ which/ who/whose/ whom)
在从句中作一定的成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等
I want to know who made the toy.
我想知道谁制作的这个玩具。
连接副词(when/ where/why/ how)
在从句中作状语
Please tell me how you go to school. 请告诉我你怎么去学校。
语
序
陈述语序
引导词+主语+谓语+其他
Do you know where Tom lives?
你知道汤姆住在哪里吗?
时
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需要性原则
主句是现在时(包含一般现在时、现在进行时 、现在完成时)或将来时,从句时态根据实际情况使用相应时态
I hear Joe left for Shanghai yesterday. 我听说乔昨天去上海了。
呼应性原则
主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、 过去进行时),从句使用过去的相应时态
Kate said she was going to school soon. 凯特说她不久将要去学校。
特殊性原则
从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun. 胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
注意:一般疑问句转化为宾语从句时,只能用whether 不能用 if 的情况:
用法
例句
在介词后引导宾语从句时
I’m thinking of whether we should leave.
我在考虑我们是否应该离开。
宾语从句提前时
Whether they can come here ontime, we don’t know.
我们不知道他们是否会按时来这儿。
与 or not 连用时
I can’t say whether or not they will come to help us.
我说不准他们是否会来帮我们。
与不定式连用时
I really don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
我真的不知道是该接受还是拒绝。
在动词discuss之后,引导宾语从句时
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论了是不是应该把商店关掉。
用 if 会引起歧义时
Please tell me if you need help.
①如果你需要帮助请告诉我。②请告诉我你是否需要帮助。
(用whether 只有第二种意思)
(2) 疑问词+动词不定式
用法
例句
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑
问代词 what, which 和疑问副词 how, when, where
等,这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,
这种结构可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等
I really don’t know what to write about. 我真的不知道写什么。
I asked him how to learn English well. 我问他怎么学好英语。
动词不定式作宾语时,可以转化为宾语从句
Can you tell me where to get the scarf? =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf? 你能告诉我在哪里能买到这种围巾吗?
宾语从句的注意事项:
1. 有些疑问词(如:what, who, which 等)在宾语从句中作主语时,该句型语序不变。 如:
Do you know what is happening over there? 你知道那边发生了什么事吗?
2. 如果复合句中宾语从句很长,则可以用 it 作形式宾语,以免句子头重脚轻。如:
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
我们都认为会议取消很可惜。
3. 否定前移
通常,如果主句主语是第一人称 I 或 we,时态是一般现在时且谓语动词是表示“认为,相信,猜测”概念的动词时,其后 that 引导的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般把否定词移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 如:
I don’t think you can go there by bus. 我认为你不能乘公共汽车去那儿。
We don’t consider you kept your promise.我们认为你没有信守承诺。
【典例破题】
1.Lingling says ________ she is learning to make spring rolls from her mom.
A.that B.what C.when D.which
【答案】A
【详解】句意:玲玲说她正在跟她的妈妈学习做春卷。
that引导宾语从句(无实际意义,只起连接作用);what什么;when什么时候;which哪一个。根据句意可知,横线处引导的是动词says后面的宾语从句。由于从句“she is learning to make spring rolls from her mom”本身结构完整,不缺主语或宾语等成分,因此只需要一个没有实际意义的连词that来连接。故填that。
【命题解读】
1.Did you hear ________ there would be a talent show next week?
A.what B.that C.which D.if
【答案】B
【思路点拨】句意:你听说下周将有一场才艺表演了吗?考查宾语从句引导词辨析。
what什么;that无实义;which哪一个;if是否。根据“there would be a talent show next week”可知从句是完整的陈述句,不缺成分,且表示听到的具体消息,应用that引导宾语从句。
【易错警示】
1.I ________ think he ________ come tomorrow.
A./; won’t B.don’t; will C./; will be D.don’t; won’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我认为他明天不会来。
考查否定转移。/; won’t主句无否定,从句否定;don’t; will主句否定,从句肯定;/; will主句和从句均为肯定;don’t; won’t主句和从句均否定。在英语中,当主句谓语是think(认为)时,若要对宾语从句的内容进行否定,通常将否定词转移到主句,即用“I don’t think + 肯定形式的宾语从句”表达“我认为……不……”。本句中“他明天不会来”应表达为“I don’t think he will come tomorrow”,从句用肯定形式“will”。“don’t; will”符合否定转移结构。故选B。
2.He said he ________ his grandparents in the countryside the coming winter holiday.
A.visits B.visited C.will visit D.would visit
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他说他在即将到来的寒假会去乡下看望他的祖父母。
本题考查宾语从句的时态。主句“He said”为一般过去时,从句的时态应与主句保持一致,故排除A(一般现在时)和C(一般将来时)。从句中的时间状语“the coming winter holiday”表示将来时间,在间接引语中需用过去将来时,即“would + 动词原形”。B项visited为一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作,与“将来的寒假”矛盾。故填would visit。
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26八年级下·湖北武汉·期中)— Lucy, what does “Mend the pen after the sheep are lost” mean?
— It tells us ________.
A.why we must work hard every day
B.what can we do to keep the sheep safe
C.When should we buy a new pen
D.what we should do when we make mistakes
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——露西,“亡羊补牢”是什么意思?——它告诉我们当我们犯错时应该做什么。
why we must work hard every day我们为什么必须每天努力工作;what can we do to keep the sheep safe我们能做些什么来保证羊的安全;When should we buy a new pen我们什么时候应该买一支新钢笔;what we should do when we make mistakes当我们犯错时,我们应该做什么。“Mend the pen after the sheep are lost”对应中文谚语“亡羊补牢”,寓意出了问题后及时补救。宾语从句需用陈述语序,B项和C项均为疑问语序,排除;A项强调努力工作,与谚语寓意不符;D项涉及犯错后的做法,既符合陈述语序,又契合“及时补救”的含义。
2.No one knows ________ so many students want to take part in the volunteer program.
A.why is it that
B.why it is that
C.that why is it
D.that it is why
【答案】B
【详解】句意:没人知道为什么有这么多学生想要参加这个志愿者项目。
主句:No one knows…(没人知道……),后面需要接一个陈述语序的宾语从句。宾语从句的核心是强调句型it is/was… that…,这里被强调的是原因状语why,表示“为什么……”。宾语从句必须用陈述语序,所以要把疑问语序的why is it that改成陈述语序why it is that。
3.(25-26八年级下·甘肃天水·期中)I ________ think he ________ come to the party. He has so much work to do.
A./; won’t B.don’t; / C.don’t; won’t D.don’t; will
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我认为他不会来参加聚会。他有这么多工作要做。
句子是宾语从句,当主句主语是第一人称I,谓语动词是think时,否定形式通常转移到否定主句,即I don’t think…,从句用肯定形式,排除选项A和C;主句是一般现在时,从句根据需要选择适当的时态,根据后句“他有这么多工作要做”可推测他将不会来,从句用一般将来时,其结构是“will+动词原形”,排除选项B。
知识点三 定语从句
that和which引导的定语从句
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词是关系代词和关系副词。本册先学习关系代词that和which。一般情况下,that既可以指人又可以指物;which指物。它们可以在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。例如:
I don't like the people that get angry easily.我不喜欢容易生气的人。
Football is a game that/which is loved by most boys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。
She is not the girl (that) she was.她不再是以前那个女孩了。
This is the storybook (that/which) I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那本故事书。
1.只能用关系代词that而不用which的情况
①当先行词是all、any、something、anything、everything、nothing、much、little、few、none等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don't understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?
All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。
②当先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时。
My necklace is the only thing that is missing.我的项链是唯一丢失的东西。
This is the very pen that I'm looking for.这正是我正在找的那钢笔。
③当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们应该做的第一件事是弄点儿吃的。
④当主句是以特殊疑问词 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the player that you like best? 你最喜欢的运动员是哪一位?
Who is the woman that is dancing in the park? 正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是谁?
⑤有两个或两个以上的先行词,兼指人和物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。
2. 只能用关系代词 which 而不用 that 的情况
①先行词指物,且关系代词前面有介词时。
The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。
②引导非限制性定语从句(主句和从句之间用逗号隔开)时。
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.这棵树有400年的历史了,在这里很有名。
③先行词为 that 或 those 时。
What is that which he bought yesterday? 他昨天买的是什么?
【命题解读】
1.—The first thing _______ I do when I get to the office is to turn on the computer.
—That’s because you have to work on the computer. We even don’t have ________ computers in our office.
A.that; some B.that; any C.which; any D.which; some
【答案】B
【思路点拨】句意:——我到办公室后做的第一件事就是打开电脑。——那是因为你必须在电脑上工作。我们的办公室里甚至没有电脑。
考查定语从句及词义辨析。分析句子可知,空格处连接词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the first thing,先行词有序数词修饰,故用that引导定语从句。some一些,用于肯定句中;any任何,用于否定句或疑问句中。结合“don’t”可知,此处是否定句,应用any。故选B。
【易错警示】
1.Which of these sentences is CORRECT in grammar?
A.Could anyone tell me what’s John’s phone number?
B.I’m afraid the box is too heavy for me to carry it.
C.Is this the school your brother studied in when he was a teenager?
D.The human brain needs a lot of energy to work well, needn’t it?
【答案】C
【详解】句意:下面哪个句子语法正确?
考查定语从句。选项A中,宾语从句语序错误,应为what John’s phone number is;选项B中,句子语法正确,但动词不定式to carry的逻辑宾语是the box,故此处应省略it,正确的句子应该是I’m afraid the box is too heavy for me to carry;选项D中,need在句子中为实义动词,本句是反意疑问句,前肯后否,应用doesn’t it;选项C,句子为定语从句,the school作先行词,关系词可用that或which引导,在从句中作宾语,可以省略,故C正确。故选C。
5.(25-26九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)On November 20, people around the world celebrated World Children’s Day ________ reminds us play is a right for every child.
A.what B.which C.who
【答案】B
【详解】句意:11月20日,世界各地的人们庆祝世界儿童日,这个节日提醒我们玩耍是每个孩子的权利。
考查定语从句的关系词。what不能引导定语从句;which指代物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语;who指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。本句中先行词是“World Children’s Day”,指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,应用which引导定语从句。故选B。
【巩固提升1】
1.(2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题)In Journey to the West, my favourite character is Wukong ________ keeps fighting to help the weak.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在《西游记》中,我最喜欢的角色是悟空,他不断战斗来帮助弱者。
who谁;whom谁;whose谁的;which哪一个。先行词是Wukong,指人,且关系代词在从句中作主语,应用who。
2.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—What kind of movies do you like best?
—I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed.
A.what B.which C.who D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你最喜欢哪种电影?——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。
考查定语从句。what什么,不引导定语从句;which引导定语从句,先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who谁,引导定语从句,先行词指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知,此处是含定语从句的复合句,先行词the movies指物,且连接词在从句中作主语,应用which引导,且不可省略。故选B。
3.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music.
A.play B.plays C.was playing D.is playing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:琳达更喜欢能演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。
考查动词时态。根据“Linda prefers musicians who…”可知,时态为一般现在时;关系代词who代替先行词musicians,在从句中作主语,谓语动词应使用动词原形。故选A。
一、单项选择
1.It was said that the research team had found that plants could help with skin care, and ________ soon be in the market.
A.its newest product will B.that its newest product would
C.its newest product would D.that its newest product will
【答案】B
【详解】句意:据称,该研究团队发现植物有助于护肤,并且其最新产品也将很快投入市场。
考查宾语从句和动词的时态。根据“the research team had found that plants could help with skin care, and…soon be in the market.”可知此处是宾语从句,需与第一个从句结构平行,也需用that引导,故排除A、C;又根据“had found”可知,句子时态遵循“主过从必过”的原则,故此时空格处句子时态应用过去将来时,故选B。
2.My mum asked me ________ I had thought carefully about getting a cat.
A.if B.that C.which D.who
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我妈妈问我是否仔细考虑过养猫的事。
if是否;that无实际意义;which哪一个;who谁。根据“My mum asked me…I had thought carefully about getting a cat.”可知,妈妈询问的是“是否”已经仔细考虑过,表示一般疑问含义,应用if引导宾语从句。
3.—What did Mr. Mallory do after the tornado passed?
—After? In fact, during the tornado, ________ the roof came off, he rang the workers to deal with it.
A.as soon as B.so that C.if
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——龙卷风过后,马洛里先生做了什么?——之后?事实上,在龙卷风期间,屋顶一脱落,他就给工人打电话处理。
as soon as一……就……;so that以便;if如果。应用as soon as,引导时间状语从句,强调不是龙卷风过后才处理,龙卷风还在的时候,屋顶一脱落,他就立刻打电话叫工人来处理了。
4.— Do you know how to use this new study app? I can’t use it well.
— It took me a while to learn. I ________ how to use it until my friend showed me step by step.
A.knew B.don’t know C.didn’t know
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你知道怎么使用这个新的学习应用吗?我用不好它。——我花了好一会才学会。直到我的朋友一步步给我展示,我才知道如何使用它。
根据“until my friend showed me step by step.”可知,本句为not...until...句型,表示“直到……才……”,从句谓语动词showed是过去式,说明动作发生在过去,主句也应用一般过去时,not与助动词did缩写为didn’t,其后跟动词原形。应填didn’t know。
5.The AI chatbot, ________ algorithms (算法) are designed to imitate human conversation, has been widely used in customer service platforms.
A.which B.whose C.where D.when
【答案】B
【详解】句意:人工智能聊天机器人,它的算法被设计用来模仿人类对话,已经被广泛地应用于客户服务平台。
which哪一个;whose谁的;where在哪里;when什么时候。分析句子结构可知,先行词是The AI chatbot,定语从句中的主语algorithms缺少定语,表示“聊天机器人的算法”,故用whose引导定语从句。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She ________ (find) that 63.1% of people did not know how to sort rubbish.
【答案】found
【详解】句意:她发现63.1%的人不知道如何垃圾分类。 句中宾语从句“that 63.1% of people did not know how to sort rubbish”用了一般过去时,提示主句动作也发生在过去,应用一般过去时;find的过去式为found。
2.“I can’t find my keys now,” he said. → He said that he ________ (can) find his keys ________.
【答案】 couldn’t then
【详解】句意:“我现在找不到我的钥匙了。” 他说道。 → 他说他当时找不到他的钥匙了。根据主句中的谓语动词“said”可知,主句为一般过去时,间接引语的时态及时间状语需作相应改变。根据直接引语中的“can’t”以及“now”可知,在由直接引语转为间接引语时,情态动词“can’t”需改为过去式“couldn’t”;时间状语“now”需改为“then”。故填couldn’t;then。
3.His mood is so __________ that I never know how he’ll react. (change)
【答案】changeable
【详解】句意:他的情绪如此多变,我从来不知道他会作何反应。本句是so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”,副词so后面需要接形容词修饰名词mood“情绪”;后半句表示“我从来不知道他会如何反应”,说明他的情绪是多变的;提示词change是动词“改变”,此处应填其形容词changeable,意为“多变的、变化无常的”。
4.She smelled smoke from the next room while ________ (read), so she immediately went to check what was happening.
【答案】reading
【详解】句意:她在阅读时闻到隔壁房间有烟味,于是立刻去查看发生了什么。连词while引导时间状语从句时,若主从句主语一致,可省略主语和be动词,直接用现在分词形式。此处while reading相当于while she was reading,表示“在她阅读的时候”。因此填入reading。
5.Why don’t you develop the habits which ________ (be) of great help to your study?
【答案】are
【详解】句意:你为什么不养成对你的学习有很大帮助的习惯呢?be“是”,动词。分析句子结构可知,此处是定语从句,先行词“habits”是复数,且句子描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,所以be动词用are。故填are。
三、按要求完成句子
1.谁知道这块琥珀是否还会告诉我们更多的秘密呢?
Who knows ________ this piece of amber will tell us ________ ________ .
【答案】 whether more secrets
【详解】原句中的“是否”和“更多的秘密”是关键词,表示“是否”用whether,表示“更多的秘密”用more secrets。
2.我问她猫是不是一个好选择。她说可能是,但最好先借一只。
I asked her if a cat ________ a good choice. She said it probably would be, but it was a good idea to ________ one first.
【答案】 was borrow
【详解】原句中“是”和“借”是关键词,第一空表示“是”的英文是be,主句为一般过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去时,主语a cat为单数,be动词用was;第二空表示“借”的英文是borrow,是动词,to后接动词原形。故填was;borrow。
3.一看到机器人在节目中扭秧歌,人们都震惊了。
People were shocked ________ they saw the robots do the yangge dance in the show.
【答案】
as soon as
【详解】原句中的“一……就……”是关键词,对应短语as soon as,引导时间状语从句。
4.It will be difficult for you to make friends if you never do as you said.
You can’t make friends easily ________ you ________.
【答案】
unless
keep your word
【详解】句意:如果你从不言行一致,交朋友对你来说将很难”。同义句需表达“除非你信守承诺,否则你无法轻易交到朋友”。unless意为 “除非”,引导条件状语从句,逻辑上等价于if...not,契合本句语境;“do as you said”可以用固定短语“keep your word”替换;unless引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则,主语为you,谓语动词使用原形keep。
5.这10万块钱将被捐给一个慈善组织,目的是帮助一名因为车祸而失明的男孩。
The one hundred thousand yuan ________, aiming to help a boy ________.
【答案】 will be donated to a charity who was blinded in a car accident
【详解】原句中“将被捐给慈善组织”和“在车祸中失明的男孩”是关键词,表示“捐给”为be donated to,本句为一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+过去分词”;“在车祸中失明”可用be blinded in a car accident,boy后为who引导的定语从句,先行词boy为人,关系词用who。定语从句为过去发生的情况,用一般过去时。
四、语法填空
The Yi New Year is a popular festival for the Yi ethnic group (彝族) in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. It 1 (fall) on a day around November 20 every year. There are many traditional practices (习俗) of the festival.
When the festival draws near, the Yi people will start house cleaning. They think that cleaning can help them get rid of bad things in the house and bring good 2 (luck) to them. They also put firewood (木柴) in front of 3 (they) houses. They believe that the height of the firewood shows the hard work they have 4 (do) in the past year and is also a symbol of a happy life in the new year.
On the eve of the Yi New Year, family members come together to have a big dinner.
On 5 (冠词) day of the festival, the young Yi people wear their ethnic dresses and go to a mountainside. They join in traditional activities of the local New Year. Moerqiu (磨尔秋), a seesaw-like (像跷跷板一样的) swing activity, is one of the most popular 6 (game) among the Yi people.
New Year’s activities would not be complete (完整的) 7 (介词) visiting relatives or friends. The Yi people usually get gifts ready a few days earlier 8 (连词) they go for a visit.
The Yi people love these practices 9 (deep) and have been trying to pass them down. These practices show the Yi people’s way of life and their good wishes for a 10 (good) life than before.
【答案】
1.falls 2.luck 3.their 4.done 5.the 6.games 7.without 8.before 9.deeply 10.better
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了彝族的新年及其相关习俗。
【详解】
1.句意:它通常在每年11月20日左右。根据“every year”可知,本句描述的是每年发生的事情,需用一般现在时;主语“It”是第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式,fall的第三人称单数形式为falls。故填falls。
2.句意:他们认为打扫可以帮助他们摆脱房子里的坏东西,给他们带来好运。根据“good”可知,此处用名词表示“好运”,luck“运气”,不可数名词,good luck“好运”。故填luck。
3.句意:他们还在房子前面放木柴。根据“houses”可知,此处用形容词性物主代词修饰,表示“他们的房子”,they“他们”,人称代词主格,此处应用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”,修饰名词houses。故填their。
4.句意:他们相信木柴的高度表明了他们在过去一年中所做的努力,也是新的一年幸福生活的象征。根据“have”可知,此处表示“已经做的努力”,需用现在完成时,其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”,do的过去分词为done。故填done。
5.句意:在节日当天,年轻的彝族人穿上他们的民族服装,去山坡上。根据“day of the festival”可知,此处特指节日的那一天,应用定冠词the。故填the。
6.句意:磨尔秋,一种像跷跷板一样的秋千活动,是彝族人中最受欢迎的游戏之一。根据“one of the most popular ...”可知,此处表示“最受欢迎的游戏之一”,one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数,表示“最……之一”,game的复数为games。故填games。
7.句意:新年活动如果没有拜访亲戚或朋友就不完整。根据“New Year’s activities would not be complete ... visiting relatives or friends.”可知,此处表示“没有拜访亲戚或朋友就不完整”,without“没有”,介词,符合语境。故填without。
8.句意:彝族人通常在去拜访的几天前就准备好礼物。根据“The Yi people usually get gifts ready a few days earlier ... they go for a visit.”可知,此处表示“在去拜访的几天前就准备好礼物”,before“在……之前”,连词,引导时间状语从句,符合语境。故填before。
9.句意:彝族人深深地喜爱这些习俗,并一直在努力传承它们。根据“love these practices”可知,此处表示“深深地喜爱”,deep“深的”,形容词,此处应用其副词形式deeply“深深地”,修饰动词love。故填deeply。
10.句意:这些习俗展示了彝族人的生活方式以及他们对比以前更好生活的美好愿望。根据“than before”可知,此处表示“比以前更好”,good“好的”,形容词,此处应用其比较级better“更好的”,修饰名词life。故填better。
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专题02 状语从句、宾语从句与定语从句
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
状语从句
1.时间从句
when/while:while + 进行时;not…until 直到才
as soon as、since:主将从现
2. 条件从句
if/unless (=if…not),核心:主将从现;区分 if“是否(宾从)/ 如果(状从)”
3. 原因从句
because≠so 不能连用;why 提问只用 because
4. 让步从句
though/although≠but 不能连用
5. 目的从句
so that+can/could,表目的
6. 结果从句
so + 形 / 副 + that;such + 名词 + that;many/much/few/little 只用 so
1.语法单选:两大必考坑点①主将从现(if/as soon as/when 引导时间、条件从句);②连词不能成对连用:because≠so,though≠but(短文改错必考)
2.完形填空:侧重语境辨析when/while/until/unless/though 词义辨析,根据上下文逻辑选连词,不再单纯考语法。
3.句型转换:高频变形so…that↔such…that;if↔unless;because 变短语,同义句改写。
宾语从句
1.引导词用法
that 引导陈述句:无词义,不做成分,口语中可省略;若从句为并列句、含插入语时不可省。
if / whether 引导一般疑问句:意为“是否”,二者多数情况可互换。
whether 专属考点:介词后、不定式前、or not 前,只能用 whether,不能用 if。
特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句:what/who/where/when/how 等,保留原有疑问含义,不可省略引导词。
2.语序规则
唯一规则:宾语从句必须用陈述语序(引导词+主语+谓语+其他)。
3. 时态搭配(核心难点)
主句现在时:主句为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时,从句时态根据实际语境任意选择。
主句过去时:主句为一般过去时,从句必须用对应的过去时态(一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来),即主过从必过。
真理特例:从句表述客观真理、自然规律、客观事实,永远用一般现在时,不受主句时态影响。
1.单项选择:优先考查语序辨析、主过从必过时态匹配、if/whether 辨析,题干语境化,不再单纯考死规则。
2.句型转换:高频考查一般疑问句、特殊疑问句改为宾语从句,重点考查语序调整、时态统一、引导词替换。
3.短文改错:常见错误为主句过去时、从句时态未对应;疑问语序未改陈述语序;if/whether 混用。
4.完形填空:弱化纯语法考查,侧重结合上下文语境,判断宾语从句引导词及时态。
5.书面表达:要求熟练运用 I think that... / I wonder if... / Could you tell me... 等宾语从句句式,替换简单句提升作文质感。
定语从句
1.关系代词选用(中考重中之重)
that①先行词是人 / 物均可,作主 / 宾语;②必用 that 特例:先行词含人 + 物、有序数词 / 最高级、all/everything/nothing 等不定代词、the only/the very 修饰名词时,禁用 which。
which:先行词只指物,作主 / 宾,介词后只用 which。
who/whom:先行词只指人;who 作主语,whom 作宾语。
whose:表所属,“…… 的”,人 / 物通用,后接名词。
2.基础语法细节
省略关系词:关系代词在从句中作宾语时,that/which/who 可省略(完形、单选高频坑);作主语不能省。
主谓一致:从句谓语单复数由先行词决定。例:He is one of the students who like English.
介词 + 关系代词:介词提前时,人用 whom、物用 which,不能用 that。
3.句型固定搭配
It’s the best…that… 最高级固定句式;
先行词 all/something/nothing 只用 that。
题型分布:单选必考 1 题,完形填空 1~2 空,词语运用、短文改错偶尔考查,写作优先引导用定语从句提分。
命题热点 1:易混辨析:that/which/who 区分、介词 + which 陷阱题(近年高频)。
命题热点 2:特殊限定先行词:最高级、不定代词、人和物共用先行词,强制选 that,是出题常设陷阱。
命题热点 3:语境化出题:不再单独给名词,依托生活、校园、传统文化短文选词,弱化纯语法死记。
写作导向:书面表达鼓励用定语从句替换简单句,提升作文档次,阅卷加分点。
冷门小考点:whose 所有格、where/when 状语从句辨析逐年小幅增多。
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主从复合句(宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句)三大从句
从句类型
定义&位置
核心考点内容
易错
宾语从句
功能:在句中充当宾语位置:跟在动词、介词、形容词后
1. 引导词- that(陈述句,无词义,可省略)- if/whether(一般疑问句,表“是否”)- 特殊疑问词(what/who/where等,保留原义)
2. 语序:统一用陈述语序(主+谓)
3. 时态规则:- 主句现,从句时态不限- 主句过,从句变对应过去时态- 客观真理永用一般现在时
1. 否定前移:I don’t think + 从句(否定转移)
2. 仅whether可用场景:介词后、to do前、与or not连用
3. 绝对不能出现疑问语序
状语从句
功能:修饰整个主句,表逻辑关系位置:句首/句中/句末均可,不作句子主干成分
五大必考类型及连词
1. 时间:when/while/as/before/after/since/until/as soon as
2. 条件:if(如果)、unless(除非)
3. 原因:because/since/as
4. 让步:although/though(虽然)
5. 结果:so…that、such…that
1. 核心规则:时间、条件从句主将从现
2. while后只接进行时态
3. although/though禁止与but连用
4. so+形/副;such+名词短语,不可混用
定语从句
功能:修饰、限定名词/代词(先行词)位置:紧跟先行词之后,相当于形容词
1. 关系代词- that:人/物通用,特殊场景专用- which:仅指物- who(主)/whom(宾):仅指人- whose:表所属(……的)
2. 关系副词where(地点)、when(时间)、why(原因)
1. 先行词含最高级、序数词、不定代词、人+物、the only,必用that
2. 介词提前,只用which/whom,禁用that
3. 引导词作宾语可省,作主语不可省
4. 从句谓语单复数由先行词决定
💡 三大从句区分口诀
宾从位于动介后,陈述语序要记熟;状从修饰整句话,条件时间主将现;定从紧跟名词后,限定全靠关系词。
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知识点一 状语从句
从句类型
引导连词
核心考点
经典例句
时间状语从句
when/whileas soon asuntil/not…untilsince
1.while + 进行时态2.as soon as:主将从现3.not…until 直到… 才4.since 一过,主句现完
①While I was reading, he slept.②I’ll call you as soon as I arrive.③I didn’t go home until rain stopped.④I have lived here since I was 10.
条件状语从句
if(如果)unless=if…not
主将 / 主祈 / 主情从现;区分 if“是否 (宾从)/ 如果 (状从)”
①If it is sunny, we will go hiking.②You will fail unless you study hard.
原因状语从句
because / since / as
because 不与 so 连用;why 提问只用 because
He stayed at home because he was ill.(×…so he was ill)
让步状语从句
though/althougheven though
不能和 but 连用
Though he is young, he knows lots.(×…but he knows)
目的状语从句
so that
从句常用 can/could/may
She gets up early so that she can catch the bus.
结果状语从句
so…that…such…that…
so + 形 / 副;such+(a/an) 形 + 名;many/much/few/little 只用 so
①The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.②It’s such a heavy box that I can’t carry it.
三大通用时态规则
主将从现:主句将来,从句一般现在(if/as soon as/when 通用)I will help you when I am free.
主过从过:主句过去,从句改用对应过去时态He said he would go if it didn’t rain.
禁用配对连词:because 与 so、though 与 but不能同时出现
易错点睛
until:肯定接延续动词,否定接短暂动词I waited until he came. / I didn’t leave until he came.
so/such 特例:so many books、so little water(只用 so)
【命题解读】
1.When ________ according to the instructions, the experiment, with all the figures ________, can achieve accurate (精准的) results.
A.done; are recorded B.being done; are recorded
C.done; recorded D.being done; recorded
【易错警示】
1.My mother was sleeping ________ I talked to you on the phone. So I couldn’t talk to you loudly.
A.when B.while C.until
2.She looked very small but beautiful at birth.
A.when she left the hospital B.when she was born C.when she was at home
【巩固提升1】
1.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)—I don’t know when Susan ________.
—Don’t worry. When she ________, I will tell you.
A.comes; will come B.will come; comes C.come; comes
2.(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)________ astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless
3.(2022·四川自贡·中考真题)—Learning to love is like learning to walk.
—Yes, ________ we step out bravely, we can find it easy.
A.although B.when C.unless
知识点二 宾语从句
(1) 宾语从句的三要素:引导词、语序和时态
宾语从句
用法
例句
引导词
连接词
that
无实际意义 ,在从句中不充当任何成分 ,只起连接作用,可省略
He said (that) Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。
连接词
whether/ if
当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时 ,引导词用 whether/ if, 表示“是否”,不充当句子成分,不可省略
Could you tell me whether/ if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天是否下雪吗?
连接代词(what/ which/ who/whose/ whom)
在从句中作一定的成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等
I want to know who made the toy.
我想知道谁制作的这个玩具。
连接副词(when/ where/why/ how)
在从句中作状语
Please tell me how you go to school. 请告诉我你怎么去学校。
语
序
陈述语序
引导词+主语+谓语+其他
Do you know where Tom lives?
你知道汤姆住在哪里吗?
时
态
需要性原则
主句是现在时(包含一般现在时、现在进行时 、现在完成时)或将来时,从句时态根据实际情况使用相应时态
I hear Joe left for Shanghai yesterday. 我听说乔昨天去上海了。
呼应性原则
主句是过去时(包括一般过去时、 过去进行时),从句使用过去的相应时态
Kate said she was going to school soon. 凯特说她不久将要去学校。
特殊性原则
从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时
Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun. 胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。
注意:一般疑问句转化为宾语从句时,只能用whether 不能用 if 的情况:
用法
例句
在介词后引导宾语从句时
I’m thinking of whether we should leave.
我在考虑我们是否应该离开。
宾语从句提前时
Whether they can come here ontime, we don’t know.
我们不知道他们是否会按时来这儿。
与 or not 连用时
I can’t say whether or not they will come to help us.
我说不准他们是否会来帮我们。
与不定式连用时
I really don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
我真的不知道是该接受还是拒绝。
在动词discuss之后,引导宾语从句时
We discussed whether we should close the shop.
我们讨论了是不是应该把商店关掉。
用 if 会引起歧义时
Please tell me if you need help.
①如果你需要帮助请告诉我。②请告诉我你是否需要帮助。
(用whether 只有第二种意思)
(2) 疑问词+动词不定式
用法
例句
“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中的疑问词,包括疑
问代词 what, which 和疑问副词 how, when, where
等,这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语,
这种结构可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等
I really don’t know what to write about. 我真的不知道写什么。
I asked him how to learn English well. 我问他怎么学好英语。
动词不定式作宾语时,可以转化为宾语从句
Can you tell me where to get the scarf? =Can you tell me where I can get the scarf? 你能告诉我在哪里能买到这种围巾吗?
宾语从句的注意事项:
1. 有些疑问词(如:what, who, which 等)在宾语从句中作主语时,该句型语序不变。 如:
Do you know what is happening over there? 你知道那边发生了什么事吗?
2. 如果复合句中宾语从句很长,则可以用 it 作形式宾语,以免句子头重脚轻。如:
We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
我们都认为会议取消很可惜。
3. 否定前移
通常,如果主句主语是第一人称 I 或 we,时态是一般现在时且谓语动词是表示“认为,相信,猜测”概念的动词时,其后 that 引导的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般把否定词移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。 如:
I don’t think you can go there by bus. 我认为你不能乘公共汽车去那儿。
We don’t consider you kept your promise.我们认为你没有信守承诺。
【典例破题】
1.Lingling says ________ she is learning to make spring rolls from her mom.
A.that B.what C.when D.which
【命题解读】
1.Did you hear ________ there would be a talent show next week?
A.what B.that C.which D.if
【易错警示】
1.I ________ think he ________ come tomorrow.
A./; won’t B.don’t; will C./; will be D.don’t; won’t
2.He said he ________ his grandparents in the countryside the coming winter holiday.
A.visits B.visited C.will visit D.would visit
【巩固提升1】
1.(25-26八年级下·湖北武汉·期中)— Lucy, what does “Mend the pen after the sheep are lost” mean?
— It tells us ________.
A.why we must work hard every day
B.what can we do to keep the sheep safe
C.When should we buy a new pen
D.what we should do when we make mistakes
2.No one knows ________ so many students want to take part in the volunteer program.
A.why is it that
B.why it is that
C.that why is it
D.that it is why
3.(25-26八年级下·甘肃天水·期中)I ________ think he ________ come to the party. He has so much work to do.
A./; won’t B.don’t; / C.don’t; won’t D.don’t; will
知识点三 定语从句
that和which引导的定语从句
在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词是关系代词和关系副词。本册先学习关系代词that和which。一般情况下,that既可以指人又可以指物;which指物。它们可以在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。例如:
I don't like the people that get angry easily.我不喜欢容易生气的人。
Football is a game that/which is loved by most boys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。
She is not the girl (that) she was.她不再是以前那个女孩了。
This is the storybook (that/which) I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那本故事书。
1.只能用关系代词that而不用which的情况
①当先行词是all、any、something、anything、everything、nothing、much、little、few、none等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don't understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗?
All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。
②当先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时。
My necklace is the only thing that is missing.我的项链是唯一丢失的东西。
This is the very pen that I'm looking for.这正是我正在找的那钢笔。
③当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们应该做的第一件事是弄点儿吃的。
④当主句是以特殊疑问词 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is the player that you like best? 你最喜欢的运动员是哪一位?
Who is the woman that is dancing in the park? 正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是谁?
⑤有两个或两个以上的先行词,兼指人和物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。
2. 只能用关系代词 which 而不用 that 的情况
①先行词指物,且关系代词前面有介词时。
The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。
②引导非限制性定语从句(主句和从句之间用逗号隔开)时。
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.这棵树有400年的历史了,在这里很有名。
③先行词为 that 或 those 时。
What is that which he bought yesterday? 他昨天买的是什么?
【命题解读】
1.—The first thing _______ I do when I get to the office is to turn on the computer.
—That’s because you have to work on the computer. We even don’t have ________ computers in our office.
A.that; some B.that; any C.which; any D.which; some
【易错警示】
1.Which of these sentences is CORRECT in grammar?
A.Could anyone tell me what’s John’s phone number?
B.I’m afraid the box is too heavy for me to carry it.
C.Is this the school your brother studied in when he was a teenager?
D.The human brain needs a lot of energy to work well, needn’t it?
2.(25-26九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)On November 20, people around the world celebrated World Children’s Day ________ reminds us play is a right for every child.
A.what B.which C.who
【巩固提升1】
1.(2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题)In Journey to the West, my favourite character is Wukong ________ keeps fighting to help the weak.
A.who B.whom C.whose D.which
2.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—What kind of movies do you like best?
—I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed.
A.what B.which C.who D./
3.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)Linda prefers musicians who ________ different kinds of music.
A.play B.plays C.was playing D.is playing
一、单项选择
1.It was said that the research team had found that plants could help with skin care, and ________ soon be in the market.
A.its newest product will B.that its newest product would
C.its newest product would D.that its newest product will
2.My mum asked me ________ I had thought carefully about getting a cat.
A.if B.that C.which D.who
3.—What did Mr. Mallory do after the tornado passed?
—After? In fact, during the tornado, ________ the roof came off, he rang the workers to deal with it.
A.as soon as B.so that C.if
4.— Do you know how to use this new study app? I can’t use it well.
— It took me a while to learn. I ________ how to use it until my friend showed me step by step.
A.knew B.don’t know C.didn’t know
5.The AI chatbot, ________ algorithms (算法) are designed to imitate human conversation, has been widely used in customer service platforms.
A.which B.whose C.where D.when
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She ________ (find) that 63.1% of people did not know how to sort rubbish.
2.“I can’t find my keys now,” he said. → He said that he ________ (can) find his keys ________.
3.His mood is so __________ that I never know how he’ll react. (change)
4.She smelled smoke from the next room while ________ (read), so she immediately went to check what was happening.
5.Why don’t you develop the habits which ________ (be) of great help to your study?
三、按要求完成句子
1.谁知道这块琥珀是否还会告诉我们更多的秘密呢?
Who knows ________ this piece of amber will tell us ________ ________ .
2.我问她猫是不是一个好选择。她说可能是,但最好先借一只。
I asked her if a cat ________ a good choice. She said it probably would be, but it was a good idea to ________ one first.
3.一看到机器人在节目中扭秧歌,人们都震惊了。
People were shocked ________ they saw the robots do the yangge dance in the show.
4.It will be difficult for you to make friends if you never do as you said.
You can’t make friends easily ________ you ________.
5.这10万块钱将被捐给一个慈善组织,目的是帮助一名因为车祸而失明的男孩。
The one hundred thousand yuan ________, aiming to help a boy ________.
四、语法填空
The Yi New Year is a popular festival for the Yi ethnic group (彝族) in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. It 1 (fall) on a day around November 20 every year. There are many traditional practices (习俗) of the festival.
When the festival draws near, the Yi people will start house cleaning. They think that cleaning can help them get rid of bad things in the house and bring good 2 (luck) to them. They also put firewood (木柴) in front of 3 (they) houses. They believe that the height of the firewood shows the hard work they have 4 (do) in the past year and is also a symbol of a happy life in the new year.
On the eve of the Yi New Year, family members come together to have a big dinner.
On 5 (冠词) day of the festival, the young Yi people wear their ethnic dresses and go to a mountainside. They join in traditional activities of the local New Year. Moerqiu (磨尔秋), a seesaw-like (像跷跷板一样的) swing activity, is one of the most popular 6 (game) among the Yi people.
New Year’s activities would not be complete (完整的) 7 (介词) visiting relatives or friends. The Yi people usually get gifts ready a few days earlier 8 (连词) they go for a visit.
The Yi people love these practices 9 (deep) and have been trying to pass them down. These practices show the Yi people’s way of life and their good wishes for a 10 (good) life than before.
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