人教版高中英语必修一 Unit4 Reading and Thinking 长难句精讲精练

人教版高中英语必修一 Reading and Thinking 长难句精讲精练 Unit 4 Reading: The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep Sentence 1 【原句】Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei before the earthquake.地震发生前，河北东北部的农村出现了种种奇怪的现象。 【讲解】过去进行时 + before 引导时间状语从句。句中的happen 表示“发生”，相同含义的词还有：occur; take place ;break out ，它们没有被动语态。 例如：Great changes have happened in my hometown over the past years . 过去几年里我的家乡发生了重大变化。 例如They were having dinner before I made a call . 在我打电话之前他们正在吃晚饭。 【演练】 单句填空1：They ______ (have) dinner when the rainstorm came. 单句填空2：It ______ (occur) to me that I had left my key at home . 单句填空3：An accident happened ______ him suddenly on the way to school . 仿写： 暴风雨来临时，孩子们正在院子里玩耍。 ___________________________________________________________________________ Sentence 2 【原句】It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛世界末日到了！ 【讲解】It seemed as if... 固定句型，“仿佛……”“似乎……；看起来好像……”，也可以表示成同义结构it appears as if … 例如It seems as if winter is approaching . 似乎冬天临近了。 例如It seemed as if he had been told the matter. 似乎他已经被告知了此事。 【演练】 单句填空：It seemed as if he ______ (learn) how to grow corns. 仿写：两年前他好像被公司开除了。 ___________________________________________________ Sentence 3 【原句】Eleven kilometers directly below the city , one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had began ,a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing . 在城市正下方11千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏。 【讲解】 1.a quake 做同位语，起解释说明作用。 例如：Mr Zhang ,our Chinese teacher , comes from Hebei province . 我们的语文老师张老师，来自于河北省。 2.句中有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰a quake . 例如Peter knew the man that sold notebooks at the school gate . 彼得认识在校门口卖笔记本的男人。 【演练】 单句填空2：Li Zhihe ,____ English teacher ,recommended us to read more books about China. 仿写：五分之三的学生都喜欢流行音乐。 ___________________________________________________ Sentence 4 【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.死亡和重伤的人数超过了 40 万。 【讲解】 1.此句中who 引导定语从句，修饰其前面的people ,在从句中作主语。 例如Many people from all over the world who visited the Great Wall felt amazed at it.全世界参观过长城的人们都会对长城感到惊叹。 2. the number of 表示：……的数量，后接名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 a number of … 表示：许多…… , 后接名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 仿写1：近年来俱乐部会员的数量逐渐增多了。 _________________________________________ 单句填空1：The man ________is playing football there is my best friend . 仿写2:许多学生都不想参加这项活动 _____________________________________________ 单句填空2：A number of scientists __________(be) unknown to many young people. 单句填:3：The number of students ______ (be) increasing. Sentence 5 【原句】Water ,food, and electricity were hard to get . 水、食物和电很难获得。 【讲解】此句为“主语+系动词+表语+to do ”的特殊句式，是使用主动来表示被动，后面的动词不定式要用主动形式，与前面的主语构成动宾关系。 例如The room is comfortable to live in . 这件房子住起来很舒服。 【演练】 仿写1：有人说英语学起来很难，但是日语也不容易学。 ______________________________________________________ 仿写2：生活中有些问题很难解释。最好的方法就是忽略它们。 ______________________________________________________ 单句填空The chair is hard ______(sit) on . Sentence 6 【原句】Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.之所以有这么多人遇难，是因为地震发生时他们正在睡觉。 【讲解】此句中含有because 引导原因状语从句 ，以及while 引导时间状语从句（过去进行时）。while除了表示“当……时候”，还可以表示“尽管”,位于句首相当于although ；位于句中还可以表示前后对比转折。 例如While he came from Canada ,he preferred China . 尽管他来自加拿大，他更喜欢中国。 例如My father was cooking in the kitchen while I was watching TV. 爸爸在厨房里做饭而我在看电视。 【演练】 单句填空1：I was doing my homework ______ my mother came back. 单句填空2：He was playing computer games __________ his sister was cleaning the house . 仿写：尽管他不喜欢跳舞，他尽力完成没一个动作。 _______________________________________________________ Sentence 7 【原句】Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者搭建了避难所。 【重点句型】 1.whose引导的是定语从句，特点是whose作定语，后面要接名词。注意who， whom和whose引导定语从句的不同。 例如I lost the book whose cover was blue . 我丢失了那本蓝色书皮的书。 例如I didn’t heard of the lady whom my mother was talking with. 我从来没听说过和妈妈交谈的那个女士。 2.句中had been done 是过去完成时的被动语态，用在过去的过去，表示被动。 例如When he arrived , the building had been torn down ‘ 当他到达时，那幢大楼已经被拆除了。 【演练】 单句填空：This is the boy ______ father is a doctor. 仿写：你认识那个哥哥在一所学校教学的女孩么？ ___________________________________________________ Sentence 8 【原句】Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a bright future . 唐山向中国和世界证明，在自然灾害中，人们必须同心协力，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。 【讲解】 1.prove 表示证明、证实，可以做系动词，后接形容词。 2.prove to ……表示：向……证明 例如He proved to us that he was an honest boy . 他向我们证明，他是一个诚实的男孩。 3.in times of ……在……时期 例如Many people starved to death in times of famine. 在饥荒期间，许多人饿死了。 4.wisdom 智慧，形容词为wise . 例如Chinese people are passing on their wisdom to future generations. 中国人一直在向未来的世世代代人传承智慧。 5.stay 表示保持，为系动词，后接形容词 例如You should stay calm when something unusual happens . 当有不寻常的事发生时，你应该保持镇静。 【演练】 仿:1：他向我们证明中国人事坚强而勇敢的。 _______________________________________________________ 仿写2：面临危险，人们更要保持镇静。 ____________________________________________________________ 单句填空1：The book is full of _______(wise),and you should read it in detail. 单句填:2：You needn’t prove ______ us you are a rich man . 同步跟踪训练 一. 语法填空 1. They ______(sleep) when the terrible earthquake broke out at midnight. 2. It ______(occur) to her that she had forgotten the date of the meeting. 3. It seemed as if everything ______(destroy) in the big fire last night. 4. This is one of ______(famous) old buildings in Tangshan. 5. The number of volunteers ______(grow) year by year now. 6. A number of villagers ______(be) trapped in ruins after the flood. 7. The box is too heavy ______(carry). 8. I was walking along the street ______ a big stone fell down from the building. 9. She was reading novels ______ her brother was playing outside. 10. The survivor ______ house was damaged lives in a temporary shelter. 11. The bridge ______(destroy) in the storm had been repaired soon afterwards. 12. He proved ______ all of us that he could finish the tough task. 13. We need much ______(wise) to solve such difficult problems. 14. Great changes ______(take place) in Tangshan since 1976. 15. An unexpected accident happened ______ the young driver on his way home. 二. 补全句子 1. 似乎大雨马上就要来临。 It seemed as if ________________________. 2. 会员的数量已经上涨到三千。 ________________________ has risen to 3,000. 3. 这本新书读起来很有趣。 The new book is ________________________. 4. 那位家园被毁的老人得到了政府的帮助。 The old man ________________________ got help from the government. 三. 汉译英 1. 我正在做饭时，朋友突然来访。(be doing…when) 2. 似乎他已经知道了真相。(It seemed as if) 3. 许多动物被困废墟中。(a number of; in ruins) 4. 这个问题很难回答。(主动表被动 to do) 5. 尽管天气很冷，工人们仍然在户外工作。(while 引导让步) 四. 英译汉 1. It occurred to him that he had left his wallet in the shelter. 2. A number of houses lay in ruins after the unexpected earthquake. 3. The bike is easy to repair though it looks old. 4. While she dislikes outdoor sports, she goes running every morning. 5. The number of homeless people has become smaller with government’s help. Unit 4 参考答案 Sentence1 填空1.were having 解析：be doing…when… 正要 / 正在做某事突然……；主句过去进行时，rainstorm came 为一般过去时。 填空2.occurred 解析：固定句型 It occurred to sb that… 某人突然想到……；从句 had left 过去完成，主句用一般过去时 occurred。 填空3.to 解析：sth happen to sb 某人遭遇某事，固定搭配。 仿写The children were playing in the yard when the rainstorm came. Sentence2 填空had learned 解析：It seemed as if… 从句常用虚拟语气；主句一般过去时，从句动作先于主句，用过去完成时。 仿写It seemed as if he had been fired by the company two years ago. Sentence3 填空.an 解析：English 元音音素开头，an English teacher 作 Li Zhihe 同位语。 仿写Three fifths of the students like pop music. Sentence4 填空1.who 解析：who引导定语从句,作主语。 填空2.are 解析：a number of + 名词复数作主语，谓语用复数。 填空3.is 解析：the number of + 名词作主语，谓语单数。 仿写 1（the number of） In recent years, the number of club members has increased gradually. 仿写 2（a number of） A number of students don’t want to take part in this activity. Sentence5 填空to sit 解析：主语 + be+adj.+to do，不定式主动表被动，sit on 和 chair 逻辑动宾。 仿写 1 Some people say English is hard to learn, but Japanese is not easy to learn either. 仿写 2 Some problems in life are hard to explain. The best way is to ignore them. Sentence6 填空1.when 解析：was doing…when… 正在做…… 突然…… 填空2.while 解析：while 连接两个过去进行时的句子，表前后对比。 仿写While he doesn’t like dancing, he tries his best to finish every movement. Sentence7 填空whose 解析：whose father=the boy’s father，whose 在定语从句修饰名词 father。 仿写Do you know the girl whose elder brother teaches in a school? Sentence8 填空1.wisdom 解析：介词 of 后用名词，wise 形容词→wisdom 名词：智慧。 填空2.to 解析：prove to sb that… 向某人证明…… 固定搭配。 仿写 1 He proved to us that Chinese people are strong and brave. 仿写 2 In times of danger, people need to stay calmer. 一. 语法填空答案 1. were sleeping 过去进行时 + when 2. occurred It occurred to sb that 固定过去式 3. had been destroyed 虚拟，先于主句，被动 4. the most famous one of + 最高级复数 5. is growing the number of 作主语谓语单数，现在进行 6. are a number of + 复数主语谓语复数 7. to carry adj.+to do 主动表被动 8. when be doing…when 9. while 两句进行时对比用 while 10. whose 定语从句，whose 修饰 house 11. destroyed 过去分词作后置定语表被动 12. to prove to sb 固定搭配 13. wisdom much 后接名词 14. have taken place since 现在完成时；take place 无被动 15. to happen to sb 固定搭配 二. 补全句子 1. the heavy rain was coming soon 2. The number of members 3. interesting to read 4. whose house was destroyed 三. 汉译英 1. I was cooking when my friend visited me suddenly. 2. It seemed as if he had known the truth. 3. A number of animals were trapped in ruins. 4. The question is hard to answer. 5. While it is very cold, the workers still work outdoors. 四. 英译汉 1. 他突然想起自己把钱包落在避难所了。 2. 突如其来的地震过后，许多房屋沦为废墟。 3. 这辆自行车看着老旧，但修起来很容易。 4. 尽管她不喜欢户外运动，却每天早上跑步。 5. 在政府帮扶下，无家可归的人数变少了。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $