专题04 非谓语动词 （暑假复习讲义）新九年级英语新教材外研版

专题04 非谓语动词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 非谓语动词 1. 动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 现在分词 1. 越来越注重语境理解，单纯考查语法题减少； 2. 理清谓语和非谓语对比辨析； 3. 在语篇中考查非谓语的用法。 考情解码：非谓语动词通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 非谓语动词 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 一．动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 1.【动词不定式作主语】 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。如：It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 It’s for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 It’s for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。如： It’s very of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 It’s very of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。如： ① It+be+名词+to do sth. 如：It’s our duty take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. 如：It took me half an hour walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. 如：It seemed impossible save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 如：It cost a lot of money build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。如： To walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 ( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 【动词不定式作宾语】 1 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 如： He can’t afford go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 We hope get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 They didn’t agree do that. 他们不同意那样做。 The girl decided do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 I find it useful learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 We thought it wrong not tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 【动词不定式作补语】 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 （1）英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 如：I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. （2）英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 如：Can you help me (to) learn English? They were made to work day and night. She was heard to sing in the room. This picture makes me feel tense! Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. 4.【动词不定式作状语】 （1）动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 如：He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 I come here only say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 A group of young people got together (in order/so as) discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 （2）动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 如：I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 （3）动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 如：The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 （4）动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 如：The boy is old enough to go to school. Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus. 5.【动词不定式作定语(须后置)】 （1） 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 如： I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. （2） 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 如： I need a pen write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 I have a comfortable house live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 Tom had no money and no place live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 6.【动词不定式作表语】 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。如： My wish is a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 Your job today is the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 Their duty is the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 7.【动词不定式的特殊结构】 （1）“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如： I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) （2）动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 如：My mother let me do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 Zhang Ming asked me to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 His parents tell him to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 （3）动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 如： You’d better get up early. Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. I would rather stay at home. （3） 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 如： ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 【巩固提升1】单项选择 1.The school requires the seventh graders ________ a safety training course. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 2.The doctor advised the young man ________ eating unhealthy food in his daily life. A．stop B．to stop C．stopping D．stopped 【巩固提升2】填空题 1.It’s necessary for us　 　　 (talk)to our parents when we have problems.  2.I was tired out,so I stopped the car　　 　 (have) a short rest.  3.Dr. Luo says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. “Kids should have time 　　 　(relax) and think for themselves, too.  4.Squirrels always like saving some food before winer comes. But they forget where 　 　　(find)it from time to time.  5.“How am I supposed 　 　　(live)without you?”Jane said to Dad, tears in eyes.  6.My parents often tell me not 　　 　(eat)too much junk food because it􀆳s bad for my health.  7.You should ask Bob 　　 　(wash) his own clothes. He is ten years old now.  二．动名词 动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，与现在分词的形式相同，动名词具有名词的特征，也有动词的特征，它可以有宾语，也可用状语来修饰。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 1.【动名词作主语】 动名词作主语时，谓语要用动词用第三人称单数形式。 computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 2.【动名词作宾语】 动名词可用作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性的动作。常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, excuse, face, forgive, imagine, include, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to等。 如： Have you finished the book? 你读完这本书了吗？ Foreign visitors are looking forward to Guilin. 外国游客期待参观桂林。 3.【动名词作表语】 多数情况下动名词作表语可以转换成作主语。如： One of my duties is typing letters.= Typing letters is one of my duties. 我的职责之一是打信件。 4.【动名词作定语】 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 如： Lucy is in the hall. 露西在餐厅里。 We should improve our method. 我们应该改进学习方法。 5.【动词不定式与动名词的用法比较】 （1）动词hate, like, love, prefer等接不定式时，通常表示一次性或具体动作；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中，通常不加区别地混用。如： I don’t like do swim today. (一次具体动作) I like swimming. (习惯或爱好) I hate to go boating today. 今天我不想去划船。 I hate going boating. 我讨厌划船。 （2）动词attempt, begin, continue, intend, start等接不定式或动词名词做宾语意义不变。 如： We began English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。 （3）有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember, regret等，后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已发生。 如： remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)； remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事(已做)； forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)； forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)； regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾、后悔(未做)； regret doing sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做)； I remember you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 （4）动词mean接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。 如： I didn’t mean bother you. 我本不想打扰你。 What he said means there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。 （5）try接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示没有把握，意思是“试着做”。 如： try to do sth. 尽力/努力/企图做某事； try doing sth. 试验/试着做某事； I’ll try catch up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。 I tried the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。 （6）动词go on, stop等接不定式时，表示一种目的，意思是“继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示继续或停止所做的事情，意思是“继续或停止做”。 如： go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来在做的事； stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事； stop doing sth. 停止做某事； Now stop me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。 Now stop , please. 现在停止写字。 【巩固提升1】单项选择 1.The suspect denied ________ the vase, but the cameras clearly showed his actions. A．to steal B．stole C．stealing D．steal 2.Our school is considering ________ a fun fair to welcome the new year. A．holding B．to hold C．held D．hold 3.Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 4.The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 5.The Chang’e-6 probe successfully collected samples from the far side of the moon, ________ a new record in lunar exploration. A．set B．setting C．sets D．to set 【巩固提升2】填空题 1.I’d like to give my thanks to Alice for 　　 　(share)her exciting experiences in Africa.  2.People in ancient times believed that the plant could drive away evil(邪恶的)spirits and prevent them from 　　　(catch)an illness in winter.  3.I enjoy 　　 　 (read) Chinese ancient poems aloud to better understand them.  4.—Have you read the book Jane Eyre? —Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth 　　 　(read).  5.—China is getting better and better at making high technology products. —That’s right.People around the world can hardly avoid　　 　 (buy)products made in China.  6.“On most days after school,” she says, “I take my son to basketball 　 　　(train) and my daughter to dancing and piano lessons.  7.Friends are important to everyone;however, some people may have trouble 　　 　(keep)their friendships.   8.Are you thinking about　　 　(visit)the state?  9.And as soon as the TV program came out more than 30 years ago, Western children became interested in 　　 　(read) this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up.  三．分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，有主动、正在进行之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者；过去分词由“动词原形+ed”构成，有被动、完成之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。 1.【作定语】 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于定语从句。 如： China is a country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 America is a country. 美国是一个发达国家。 Who is the woman (=who is talking) to Jim? 在和吉姆交谈的那个妇女是谁？ 2.【作表语】 现在分词作表语表示主动，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语表示被动，表示某种状态。如： The book is . 这本书很有趣。(书本身有趣) I’m in the book.我对它很感兴趣。(我被这本书激起兴趣) 3.【作宾语补足语】 （1）现在分词常用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have 等动词后面，作宾语补足语。 如： They kept me for a long time. 他们让我等了很久。 （2）现在分词与不定式作感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等的宾语补足语时的区别：用现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在发生或进行；用不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，动作的过程已经结束。 如： I saw him upstairs. 我看见他上楼了。(看见他上楼的整个过程) I saw him upstairs. 我看见他正在上楼。(看见他正在向楼上走去) 4.【作状语】 （1）分词作状语时可以表示时间（相当于一个时间状语从句）、原因（相当于一个原因状语从句）或表示动作发生的方式及作为陪衬的另一动作。 如：Being sick, I stayed at home. （2）分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 如：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 【巩固提升1】单项选择 1.My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 2.The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【巩固提升2】填空题 1.One Thanksgiving, we had lots of food 　　　(leave) over. I thought about the old lady. She might be still hungry.   2.Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat,　　　(wait)to be “liked”.  3.To protect elephants, we must save the trees and not buy things 　　　(make) of ivory.  4.My bike is broken. I will have it　　　tomorrow morning.  A.fix up B.fixed up C.repairing D.to repair 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.You could do what you can （help） everyone get out of the door on time. 2.Tony's sister enjoys （listen） to music and she often goes to concerts. 3.Write down the things you need to do in a notebook, or use an online tool （create） a “to-do” list. 4.The local artists worked with historians （make） sure the projections show the big events in the history correctly. 5.Let your grandparents help you improve your skills, like （teach） you how to fish. 6.I think the best way （value） time is to live in the present. 7.Eric's been working hard to make Yunnan coffee （become） better. 8.I must ask my father to give up （smoke） since it's bad for his lungs. 9.With a little patience, planning and understanding, you can help （create） a great home for your pets. 10.Companies might soon use AI （find） out where you've traveled. 二．阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 A Like many beginners, I learned to ride a bike during the summer vacation. The only difference was that I was 30 years old. When I was a kid, my father bought a bicycle for my brother and me 1 （share）, but he was too busy 2 （teach） us. When I grew older, the other kids laughed at me because I couldn't ride a bike. That made me 3 （give） up learning finally. After I moved to a town, bikes were popular there. I wanted 4 （learn） how to ride a bike. By then, I was 12 years old. However, I was soon busy with my schoolwork, and later with my job. I almost forgot about it. At the age of 30, I joined a women's bike-riding club. The members met to practice 5 （ride） every Saturday in Renmin Park. As for me, I stood there and decided 6 （overcome） my fear. Although I fell off the bike many times, I told myself 7 （be） brave. Before long, I could ride well. It wasn't simply a bike. It was the chance I had lost at an early age. B 将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 keep ache start make take stand Lena was a shy girl who always found it hard 1 friends. Every time someone spoke to her， she would worry about being laughed at. One rainy afternoon，while walking home from school，she noticed a small dog 2 under a tree. It looked lost and scared， just like how she felt whenever she tried 3 a conversation. Lena slowly moved closer to it. The dog waved its tail softly. Something in its trusting eyes made Lena's heart 4 . She decided 5 it home. Her parents agreed 6 it while searching for its owner. Lena named the dog “Shadow（影子）” because it followed her everywhere, just like her own shadow. 三、语法选择 （24-25八年级下·广东清远·期末）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题3个选项中选出一个最佳的答案，并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 15-year-old Zhou Wei is a student from Hunan. He does something special—helping his mother clean the streets. Zhou’s mother works at 1 factory. She goes to work at 8:30 am. 2 more money, she works part-time as a cleaner. She cleans the streets before 8:30 am every day. Zhou knows that his mother is busy 3 tired, so he wants to help her. One year ago, Zhou began cleaning the streets with his mother 4 weekends. Now a year has passed, and Zhou 5 clean the streets well. 6 some changes in him now. He now gets up early and is one of the first 7 to arrive at school. He is also skilled at doing some housework and can do 8 things by himself than before. People sometimes ask Zhou, “Don’t you feel ashamed (羞愧) when you clean the streets?” Zhou says, “Not at all. It’s a great thing to help my mother. I hope I can do more for 9 in the future.” 10 kind this boy is! His kindness and thoughtfulness truly set an example for others to follow. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．Make B．Making C．To make 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．in B．by C．on 5．A．can B．may C．must 6．A．They are B．There is C．There are 7．A．student B．students C．students’ 8．A．many B．more C．most 9．A．she B．her C．herself 10．A．How B．What C．What a 四、语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江丽水·期末）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Can you or do you wash your clothes? Can you cook for yourself when your 1 (parent) are not home? Do you often help do some chores at home? Today, many young people can’t look after 2 (they) when they leave home. They even can’t wash a pair of socks. I don’t want to be a person 3 them. I want to be independent. When I was only seven years old, I was in the kitchen with my mother. I always 4 (help) her cook and learned cooking from her. My mother was 5 (interest) in teaching me. But she didn’t know 6 to cook when she was young herself. My grandmother never had her stay in the kitchen while she 7 (cook). When my mother started to cook, it was difficult. She had to take 8 cooking lesson every week. She decided to teach us to cook 9 she didn’t want us to have the same experience. Now I can do many chores by myself. I find doing chores is much 10 (easy) than before and it has brought me a lot of happiness. 五、任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期末）根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。 The Colorado River is one of the most important rivers in the United States. It’s about 2,334 kilometers long. It starts in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado and goes southwest into the ocean in Mexico. The river is called “the lifeline for the Southwest” in America. It runs through seven states in the US and provides fresh drinking water for over 40 million people. Farms, factories, and tourism also greatly depend on it. Many dams (大坝) have been built to help save water and make electricity for the cities. Hoover Dam is the largest dam along the river. However, the water in the Colorado River almost gets used up during its journey. Because of a warming climate, there is much less snow in the mountains and less water runs into the river. The Southwest has been going through its worst drought (干旱) these years. Though the water in the river has become less, the need for it has even risen. Over the past twenty years, the river has lost about 20 percent of its flow and there has been very little water running into Mexico. Now scientists say that the river probably won’t even reach the sea again. In the face of such a great challenge, the seven states that depend on the river for water have decided to cut about 25% of their use of water. But it seems to be a difficult task. In fact, since 1922, an agreement called the Colorado Compact has guided how the seven states share the water in the river. However, the agreement just works in times of plenty but fails to play a role during drought. Now it’s very clear that work is far from enough. Actually, not only the Colorado River, but many other rivers around the world are in danger of being used up. Their water levels are going down. So it’s time for every one of us to step up and do our part to stop rivers from disappearing. Its basic information 1. The 1 : About 2,334 km. 2. Beginning and end: From Rocky Mountains of Colorado in the US to the sea in Mexico. Its 2 1. Providing drinking water for people; 2. Providing water for farms, factories, etc.; 3. 3 for cities. The Colorado River The problem 1. There is less water in the river and a   4 need for the water. 2. Cause of it: Climate change. Actions 1. Seven states have decided to cut about a 5 of water use. 2. An agreement was reached to manage the use of the water in 1922. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 非谓语动词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 非谓语动词 1. 动词不定式 2. 动名词 3. 现在分词 1. 越来越注重语境理解，单纯考查语法题减少； 2. 理清谓语和非谓语对比辨析； 3. 在语篇中考查非谓语的用法。 考情解码：非谓语动词通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 非谓语动词 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。 一．动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式为：“to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to，这里的to为不定式符号，本身无词义；不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语，但能保持动词的特点。动词不定式可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，初中阶段应该掌握的是不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语的用法。 1.【动词不定式作主语】 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末，这样可使主语不至显得太长，避免头重脚轻的现象。动词不定式作主语的基本结构是：It+be+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.. To learn English well is not easy.=It is not easy to learn English well. 学好英语不容易。 for sb.句型前常用表示事物的特征、特点、客观形式的形容词。如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等。 如：It’s easy (for me) to do that. 我做这事太容易了。 It’s difficult for Jim to learn Chinese well. 对于吉姆来说学好中文是困难的。 It’s important for us to protect the environment. 保护环境对于我们来说是重要的。 of sb.句型前常用表示人物的性格、品德、主观感情、态度、赞扬或批评的形容词。如：careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise, rude, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), selfish(自私的)等。如： It’s very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。 It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 动词不定式在句中做主语时，常用于下列句式中。如： ① It+be+名词+to do sth. 如：It’s our duty to take good care of the old. ② It takes sb+some time+to do sth. 如：It took me half an hour to walk there. 我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。 ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do. 如：It seemed impossible to save money. 节约钱似乎是不可能的。 ④ It+动词+宾语+ to do sth. 如：It cost a lot of money to build this museum. 建造这座博物馆花了许多钱。 【注意】动词不定式做主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。如： To walk after dinner is my hobby. 饭后散步是我的爱好。 ( \8 n9 b) ^) ^# S, }9 _5 ^; YTo be a scientist is my dream. 当一名科学家是我的梦想。 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。 【动词不定式作宾语】 1 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词，初中阶段常见的有：ask, choose, agree, expect, hope, decide, learn, prefer, pretend, know, wish, want, would like, love, afford, dare, fail, manage, need, plan, promise, refuse, seem等。 如： He can’t afford to go abroad. 他负担不起出国的费用。 We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 They didn’t agree to do that. 他们不同意那样做。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。 ② 动词feel, find, make, think等后面接不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+ feel/find/make/think+it+宾补(形容词/名词)+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。 I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。 We thought it wrong not to tell her. 我们认为不告诉她是错误的。 【动词不定式作补语】 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态中作宾语补足语，在被动语态中作主语补足语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。 （1）英语中许多动词可跟一个“名词（代词）+不定式”构成的复合宾语，这里的动词不定式就作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, allow, permit, advise, expect, suppose, invite, encourage, teach, tell, want, wait for, wish, would like/love等。 如：I’d invite her to have dinner at my house. Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. （2）英语中有些动词要求不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词有：四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch；三“让”：have, let, make；二“听”：hear, listen to；一“感觉”：feel；一“注意”：notice等。help后不定式的to可以省略，也可以保留。 如：Can you help me (to) learn English? They were made to work day and night. She was heard to sing in the room. This picture makes me feel tense! Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. 4.【动词不定式作状语】 （1）动词不定式作目的状语：在强调这种目的状语时，不定式前可加in order或so as 如：He went to Paris to learn French. 他去巴黎学法语。 I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 A group of young people got together (in order/so as) to discuss this question. 一群年轻人聚在一群目的是讨论这个问题。 （2）动词不定式作原因状语：不定式常跟在表示情感的形容词后，修饰形容词，作原因状语，不定式作原因状语的基本结构是：“sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.”。能用于该结构的形容词有：angry, clever, careful, happy, lucky, nice, pleased, right, sorry, slow等。 如：I’m very glad to see you again. 我很高兴又见到你。 （3）动词不定式作结果状语，多见于“too+形容词+to do sth.”结构句中。 如：The T-shirt is too big for me to wear. 这件T恤对于我来说太大了而不能穿。 （4）动词不定式作程度状语，多见于 “形容词/副词+enough+to do sth.”结构句中。 如：The boy is old enough to go to school. // Jack ran fast enough to catch the bus. 5.【动词不定式作定语(须后置)】 （1） 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，它与其他修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系。 如： I can’t think of any good advice to give her. I have nothing to say on this question. He needs time to do homework. Is that a good place to hang out? You want to know the best way to get around the city. （2） 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词。但当名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词可以省略。 如： I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔写字。 I have a comfortable house to live in. 我有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 Tom had no money and no place to live (in). 汤姆没有钱，也没有地方居住。 6.【动词不定式作表语】 动词不定式往往放在系动词be（become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。如： My wish is to become a teacher. 我的愿望是当一名教师。 Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。 Their duty is to look after the animals. 他们的职责是照看动物。 7.【动词不定式的特殊结构】 （1）“疑问词＋不定式”结构：动词不定式前面可与疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where等连用，构成不定式短语，相当于一个宾语从句，在句子里用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等，或者单独使用。动词decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等常与疑问词连用。“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 如： I can’t decide where to go. (作宾语) Where to go is not decided yet. (作主语) The question is how to put it into practice. (作表语) Can you tell me how to get to Guilin Middle School? (作宾补) 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 如： What to do next?(=What will we/you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we/you go there?) （2）动词不定式的否定形式：“not/never+to+动词原形”，有些动词可以不用to。 如：My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 他的父母亲告诉他决不要在酒后开车。 （3）动词不定式的省略：在“You’d+动词原形”、“Why not+动词原形” 、“Why don’t you+动词原形?”、“would rather+动词原形”、“Will/Would /Could you please(not)+动词原形?”句型中，动词不定式符号to常常省略。 如： You’d better get up early. Why not have a picnic in the countryside this Sunday? Will/Would /Could you please not open the window? It’s too cold outside. I would rather stay at home. （3） 有时为了避免重复，在动词except, hope, wish, forget, want, try等，短语be glad/happy, would like, would love, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, ought to等出现与上下文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略。 如： ---- I heard that you would go to Kunming for you summer vacation. ---- I planned to, but I have something important to do. (planned to后省略了go) ---- Would you like to come to my birthday party? ---- Yes, I’d love to. (I’d love to后省略了come) 【巩固提升1】单项选择 1.The school requires the seventh graders ________ a safety training course. A．complete B．to complete C．completing D．completed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学校要求七年级学生完成一门安全培训课程。 考查非谓语动词。complete动词，完成。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词“require”后接宾语补足语时，应用动词不定式结构，即“require sb. to do sth.”，意为“要求某人做某事”。故选B。 2.The doctor advised the young man ________ eating unhealthy food in his daily life. A．stop B．to stop C．stopping D．stopped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生建议这位年轻人在日常生活中停止食用不健康的食物。 考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议某人做某事”，因此空格处应填动词不定式to stop。故选B。 【巩固提升2】填空题 1.It’s necessary for us　 　　 (talk)to our parents when we have problems.  【答案】to talk　 【详解】句意:当我们遇到问题时和父母谈谈对我们来说是必要的。本题考查非谓语动词。由固定句型It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.“做某事对于某人来说是……的”可知答案为不定式。 2.I was tired out,so I stopped the car　　 　 (have) a short rest.  【答案】to have　 【详解】句意:我疲惫不堪,所以我停下车短暂休息了一下。本题考查非谓语动词。to have a short rest在句中作目的状语。 3.Dr. Luo says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. “Kids should have time 　　 　(relax) and think for themselves, too.  【答案】to relax　 【详解】本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式to relax...作后置定语,修饰名词time。 4.Squirrels always like saving some food before winer comes. But they forget where 　 　　(find)it from time to time.  【答案】to find　 【详解】句意:松鼠总是喜欢在冬天到来前储存食物。但是它们时不时地忘记要到哪里去找到食物。本题考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。 5.“How am I supposed 　 　　(live)without you?”Jane said to Dad, tears in eyes.  【答案】to live　 【详解】句意:Jane眼中含着眼泪,对爸爸说:“没有你我应该怎样生活啊?”本题考查动词不定式。be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事。 6.My parents often tell me not 　　 　(eat)too much junk food because it􀆳s bad for my health.  【答案】to eat　 【详解】句意:我父母经常告诉我不要吃太多的垃圾食品因为这对健康有害。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事。 7.You should ask Bob 　　 　(wash) his own clothes. He is ten years old now.  【答案】to wash　 【详解】句意:你应该让Bob自己洗衣服。他现在十岁了。本题考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.为固定用法。 二．动名词 动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，与现在分词的形式相同，动名词具有名词的特征，也有动词的特征，它可以有宾语，也可用状语来修饰。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 1.【动名词作主语】 动名词作主语时，谓语要用动词用第三人称单数形式。 Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes. 过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。 2.【动名词作宾语】 动名词可用作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性的动作。常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, excuse, face, forgive, imagine, include, be busy, feel like, give up, can’t help, look forward to等。 如： Have you finished reading the book? 你读完这本书了吗？ Foreign visitors are looking forward to visiting Guilin. 外国游客期待参观桂林。 3.【动名词作表语】 多数情况下动名词作表语可以转换成作主语。如： One of my duties is typing letters.= Typing letters is one of my duties. 我的职责之一是打信件。 4.【动名词作定语】 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。 如： Lucy is in the dining hall. 露西在餐厅里。 We should improve our learning method. 我们应该改进学习方法。 5.【动词不定式与动名词的用法比较】 （1）动词hate, like, love, prefer等接不定式时，通常表示一次性或具体动作；接动词-ing 形式做宾语时，通常表示一般性或习惯性的动作。但在现代英语中，通常不加区别地混用。如： I don’t like do swim today. (一次具体动作) I like swimming. (习惯或爱好) I hate to go boating today. 今天我不想去划船。 I hate going boating. 我讨厌划船。 （2）动词attempt, begin, continue, intend, start等接不定式或动词名词做宾语意义不变。 如： We began learning/to learn English when we came to junior middle school. 我们来初中学习时才开始学习英语。 （3）有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember, regret等，后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已发生。 如： remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)； remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事(已做)； forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事(未做)； forget doing sth. 忘记曾经做过某事(已做)； regret to do sth. 对要做的事遗憾、后悔(未做)； regret doing sth. 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 (已做)； I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 （4）动词mean接不定式作宾语时，表示一种意图，意思是“打算做，想要做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示解释，意思是“意味着，意思是”。 如： I didn’t mean to bother you. 我本不想打扰你。 What he said means going there by air. 他说话的意思是坐飞机去那儿。 （5）try接不定式作宾语时，表示一种决心，意思是“设法做，尽力做”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示没有把握，意思是“试着做”。 如： try to do sth. 尽力/努力/企图做某事； try doing sth. 试验/试着做某事； I’ll try to catch up with my class this term. 这一学期我将尽力赶上同学们。 I tried reading the text without consulting my dictionary. 我试着不查词典来阅读课文。 （6）动词go on, stop等接不定式时，表示一种目的，意思是“继续或停下来的目的是要去干另一件事”；接动名词形式做宾语时，表示继续或停止所做的事情，意思是“继续或停止做”。 如： go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来在做的事； stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事； stop doing sth. 停止做某事； Now stop to listen me, please. 现在停下来听我讲。 Now stop writing, please. 现在停止写字。 【巩固提升1】单项选择 1.The suspect denied ________ the vase, but the cameras clearly showed his actions. A．to steal B．stole C．stealing D．steal 【答案】C 【详解】句意：嫌疑人否认偷了花瓶，但监控清楚地显示了他的行为。 考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth.“否认做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 2.Our school is considering ________ a fun fair to welcome the new year. A．holding B．to hold C．held D．hold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校正在考虑举办一场游园会来迎接新年。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，应用动名词作宾语，故选A。 3.Pelé spent his early years ________ soccer barefoot with a ball made of socks. A．play B．to play C．playing D．to playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：贝利早年光着脚踢足球，用的是袜子做的球。 考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.是固定用法，意为“花费时间做某事”，此处需用动名词playing。故选C。 4.The couple were seen ________ a walk outside at this time yesterday . Nobody knows when they came back. A．take B．taken C．took D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，有人看见这对夫妇正在外面散步。没人知道他们何时回来的。 考查非谓语动词。根据“...a walk outside at this time yesterday”可知，此处强调他们被看见时正在散步，see sb. doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”，固定词组，因此需用动词的现在分词。故选D。 5.The Chang’e-6 probe successfully collected samples from the far side of the moon, ________ a new record in lunar exploration. A．set B．setting C．sets D．to set 【答案】B 【详解】句意：嫦娥六号探测器成功从月球背面采集样本，创造了月球探索的新纪录。 考查非谓语动词。set创造，原形；setting创造，现在分词；sets创造，三单；to set创造，不定式。此处需用现在分词作伴随状语，表示“成功收集样本”的结果是“创造了新纪录”。用setting符合。故选B。 【巩固提升2】填空题 1.I’d like to give my thanks to Alice for 　　 　(share)her exciting experiences in Africa.  【答案】sharing　 【详解】句意:我想感谢Alice,因为她分享了她在非洲激动人心的经历。设空处在介词for后,因此使用动名词形式。 2.People in ancient times believed that the plant could drive away evil(邪恶的)spirits and prevent them from 　　　(catch)an illness in winter.  【答案】catching　 【详解】前面有介词from,所以本空应用动名词形式。 3.I enjoy 　　 　 (read) Chinese ancient poems aloud to better understand them.  【答案】reading　 【详解】句意:为了更好地理解中国古诗,我喜欢大声朗读它们。考查非谓语动词。enjoy后动词应该用v.-ing形式,所以本题应填reading。 4.—Have you read the book Jane Eyre? —Yes. It’s a famous book and really worth 　　 　(read).  【答案】reading　 【详解】句意:——你读过《简·爱》这本书吗?——读过,它是一本名著,并且它真的值得一读。本题考查非谓语动词。be worth doing值得做某事,固定用法。 5.—China is getting better and better at making high technology products. —That’s right.People around the world can hardly avoid　　 　 (buy)products made in China.  【答案】buying　 【详解】句意:——中国在制造高科技产品方面变得越来越好了。——是的,全世界的人几乎都不能避免买到中国制造的产品。本题考查非谓语动词。avoid后加动名词作宾语,由此可知答案为buying。 6.“On most days after school,” she says, “I take my son to basketball 　 　　(train) and my daughter to dancing and piano lessons.  【答案】training　 【详解】本题考查名词。train v.培训,training是动词train的动名词形式。basketball training 篮球培训。 7.Friends are important to everyone;however, some people may have trouble 　　 　(keep)their friendships.   【答案】keeping　 【详解】考查固定短语。have trouble (in) doing sth.为固定短语,意为“做某事有困难”。 8.Are you thinking about　　 　(visit)the state?  【答案】visiting　 【详解】介词about后面接v.-ing,故应填visiting。 9.And as soon as the TV program came out more than 30 years ago, Western children became interested in 　　 　(read) this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never gives up.  【答案】reading　 【详解】句意:三十多年前电视节目一上映,西方国家的孩子们对看这个故事很感兴趣,因为聪明的猴王一直为帮助弱者而斗争,从来没有放弃。become interested in+doing, 故正确答案为reading。 三．分词 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+ing”构成，有主动、正在进行之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者；过去分词由“动词原形+ed”构成，有被动、完成之意，所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。现在分词和过去分词都具有形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。 1.【作定语】 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。单个分词作定语时常放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于定语从句。 如： China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。 America is a developed country. 美国是一个发达国家。 Who is the woman talking (=who is talking) to Jim? 在和吉姆交谈的那个妇女是谁？ 2.【作表语】 现在分词作表语表示主动，表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词作表语表示被动，表示某种状态。如： The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。(书本身有趣) I’m interested in the book.我对它很感兴趣。(我被这本书激起兴趣) 3.【作宾语补足语】 （1）现在分词常用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have 等动词后面，作宾语补足语。 如： They kept me waiting for a long time. 他们让我等了很久。 （2）现在分词与不定式作感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等的宾语补足语时的区别：用现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示动作正在发生或进行；用不定式作宾语补足语时，表示动作已经发生，动作的过程已经结束。 如： I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼了。(看见他上楼的整个过程) I saw him going upstairs. 我看见他正在上楼。(看见他正在向楼上走去) 4.【作状语】 （1）分词作状语时可以表示时间（相当于一个时间状语从句）、原因（相当于一个原因状语从句）或表示动作发生的方式及作为陪衬的另一动作。 如：Being sick, I stayed at home. （2）分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。 如：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 【巩固提升1】单项选择 1.My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的电脑坏了。因此我要把它修一修。 考查动词形式。repaired修理，过去式；repairing动名词；to repair不定式；repair动词原形。have sth. done表示“使某事被做”的意思。其中done是过去分词，repaired是repair的过去分词。故选A。 2.The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：韩寒写的这本书在青少年中非常受欢迎。 考查动词非谓语。write写，动词原形；wrote过去式；writing现在分词；written过去分词。句子结构为“The book...by Han Han is…”，此处需填入一个非谓语动词形式，the book与write之间的关系是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语修饰the book，write的过去分词written。故选D。 【巩固提升2】填空题 1.One Thanksgiving, we had lots of food 　　　(leave) over. I thought about the old lady. She might be still hungry.   【答案】left　 【详解】句意:一个感恩节,我们有很多剩下的食物。leave over意为“剩下”,此处为过去分词作后置定语,修饰food,故本空填left。 2.Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat,　　　(wait)to be “liked”.  【答案】waiting　 【详解】句意:之后,我们把照片上传到微博或微信上,来等待“点赞”。设空处需要用动词的现在分词形式作状语,故答案为waiting。 3.To protect elephants, we must save the trees and not buy things 　　　(make) of ivory.  【答案】made　 【详解】句意:为了保护大象,我们必须保护树木,禁止买象牙制作的东西。make 与things之间为逻辑上的被动关系,此处用过去分词作定语修饰things,因此填made。 4.My bike is broken. I will have it　　　tomorrow morning.  A.fix up B.fixed up C.repairing D.to repair 【答案】B　 【详解】句意:我的自行车坏了,明天早上我让人把它修理一下。本题考查非谓语动词用法。“have sth. done”的结构表示“让某物被……”,故选B。 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.You could do what you can （help） everyone get out of the door on time. 【答案】to help 2.Tony's sister enjoys （listen） to music and she often goes to concerts. 【答案】listening 3.Write down the things you need to do in a notebook, or use an online tool （create） a “to-do” list. 【答案】to create 4.The local artists worked with historians （make） sure the projections show the big events in the history correctly. 【答案】to make 5.Let your grandparents help you improve your skills, like （teach） you how to fish. 【答案】teaching 6.I think the best way （value） time is to live in the present. 【答案】to value 7.Eric's been working hard to make Yunnan coffee （become） better. 【答案】become 8.I must ask my father to give up （smoke） since it's bad for his lungs. 【答案】smoking 9.With a little patience, planning and understanding, you can help （create） a great home for your pets. 【答案】（to） create 10.Companies might soon use AI （find） out where you've traveled. 【答案】to find 二．阅读下面短文，填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 A Like many beginners, I learned to ride a bike during the summer vacation. The only difference was that I was 30 years old. When I was a kid, my father bought a bicycle for my brother and me 1 （share）, but he was too busy 2 （teach） us. When I grew older, the other kids laughed at me because I couldn't ride a bike. That made me 3 （give） up learning finally. After I moved to a town, bikes were popular there. I wanted 4 （learn） how to ride a bike. By then, I was 12 years old. However, I was soon busy with my schoolwork, and later with my job. I almost forgot about it. At the age of 30, I joined a women's bike-riding club. The members met to practice 5 （ride） every Saturday in Renmin Park. As for me, I stood there and decided 6 （overcome） my fear. Although I fell off the bike many times, I told myself 7 （be） brave. Before long, I could ride well. It wasn't simply a bike. It was the chance I had lost at an early age. 【答案】1.to share2.to teach3.give4.to learn5.riding6.to overcome7.to be [解析] 2.考查动词不定式。固定搭配too...to...表示“太……而不能……”，to do作结果状语。故填to teach。 3.考查省略to的动词不定式。固定搭配make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，故填give。 5.考查动词的-ing形式。固定搭配practice doing sth. 表示“练习做某事”，故填 riding。 B 将方框中所给词的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。 keep ache start make take stand Lena was a shy girl who always found it hard 1 friends. Every time someone spoke to her， she would worry about being laughed at. One rainy afternoon，while walking home from school，she noticed a small dog 2 under a tree. It looked lost and scared， just like how she felt whenever she tried 3 a conversation. Lena slowly moved closer to it. The dog waved its tail softly. Something in its trusting eyes made Lena's heart 4 . She decided 5 it home. Her parents agreed 6 it while searching for its owner. Lena named the dog “Shadow（影子）” because it followed her everywhere, just like her own shadow. 【答案】1.to make2.standing3.to start4.ache5.to take6.to keep [解析] 1.考查动词不定式。根据固定结构“find it+adj.+to do sth.”可知，空处应用动词不定式。故填to make。 2.考查动词的-ing形式。此处表示她注意到一只小狗正站在树下，应用“notice sb./sth. doing sth.”结构，空处应用动词的-ing形式。故填standing。 三、语法选择 （24-25八年级下·广东清远·期末）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题3个选项中选出一个最佳的答案，并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 15-year-old Zhou Wei is a student from Hunan. He does something special—helping his mother clean the streets. Zhou’s mother works at 1 factory. She goes to work at 8:30 am. 2 more money, she works part-time as a cleaner. She cleans the streets before 8:30 am every day. Zhou knows that his mother is busy 3 tired, so he wants to help her. One year ago, Zhou began cleaning the streets with his mother 4 weekends. Now a year has passed, and Zhou 5 clean the streets well. 6 some changes in him now. He now gets up early and is one of the first 7 to arrive at school. He is also skilled at doing some housework and can do 8 things by himself than before. People sometimes ask Zhou, “Don’t you feel ashamed (羞愧) when you clean the streets?” Zhou says, “Not at all. It’s a great thing to help my mother. I hope I can do more for 9 in the future.” 10 kind this boy is! His kindness and thoughtfulness truly set an example for others to follow. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．Make B．Making C．To make 3．A．and B．or C．but 4．A．in B．by C．on 5．A．can B．may C．must 6．A．They are B．There is C．There are 7．A．student B．students C．students’ 8．A．many B．more C．most 9．A．she B．her C．herself 10．A．How B．What C．What a 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了15岁的周伟帮助母亲清扫街道的故事，展现了他的善良和体贴，为他人树立了榜样。 1．句意：周伟的母亲在一家工厂工作。 a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指。根据文中“factory”可知，此处是泛指一家公司，且“factory”以辅音开头。故选A。 2．句意：为了赚更多的钱，她兼职做清洁工。 Make制造；Making制造，动名词；To make为了制造，不定式。根据文中“…more money, she works part-time as a cleaner.”可知，此处表示目的，用不定式。故选C。 3．句意：周伟知道他的母亲既忙又累，所以他想帮助她。 and和；or或者；but但是。根据文中“busy…tired”可知，“忙”和“累”是并列关系，应用and连接。故选A。 4．句意：一年前，周伟开始在周末和母亲一起清扫街道。 in在……里面；by通过；on在……时候。根据文中“weekends”可知，此处指的是“在周末”，用介词on。故选C。 5．句意：现在一年过去了，周伟能够很好地打扫街道。 can能够；may可能；must必须。根据文中“Zhou...clean the streets well.”可知，此处表示能力，应用can。故选A。 6．句意：他现在有些变化了。 They are他们是；There is有，主语为单数；There are有，主语为复数。根据文中“some changes”可知，主语为复数，用there are。故选C。 7．句意：他现在起得很早，是第一批到校的学生之一。 student学生，单数；students学生，复数；students’学生的。根据文中“one of the first...to arrive at school”可知，此处表示“第一批学生中的一个”，此处是“one of the+复数名词”的结构。故选B。 8．句意：他也擅长做一些家务，比以前能独自完成更多的事情。 many许多；more更多的；most最多的。根据“than”可知，此处用比较级。故选B。 9．句意：我希望将来能为她做更多的事情。 she她，主格；her她，宾格；herself她自己。“for”是介词，后接宾语，应用宾格形式。故选B。 10．句意：这个男孩多么善良啊！ How多么，修饰形容词或副词；What多么，后跟不可数名词；What a多么一个，后接单数名词。根据文中“...kind this boy is!”可知，此处是感叹句，中心词为形容词kind，符合结构“How+adj.+主+谓”。故选A。 四、语法填空 （24-25八年级下·浙江丽水·期末）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 Can you or do you wash your clothes? Can you cook for yourself when your 1 (parent) are not home? Do you often help do some chores at home? Today, many young people can’t look after 2 (they) when they leave home. They even can’t wash a pair of socks. I don’t want to be a person 3 them. I want to be independent. When I was only seven years old, I was in the kitchen with my mother. I always 4 (help) her cook and learned cooking from her. My mother was 5 (interest) in teaching me. But she didn’t know 6 to cook when she was young herself. My grandmother never had her stay in the kitchen while she 7 (cook). When my mother started to cook, it was difficult. She had to take 8 cooking lesson every week. She decided to teach us to cook 9 she didn’t want us to have the same experience. Now I can do many chores by myself. I find doing chores is much 10 (easy) than before and it has brought me a lot of happiness. 【答案】1．parents 2．themselves 3．like 4．helped 5．interested 6．how 7．was cooking 8．a 9．because 10．easier 【导语】本文主要讲述作者在家经常做家务，学会了很多东西，也从中得到了快乐。 1．句意：当你的父母不在家时，你会为你自己做饭吗？根据“are”可知，此处应用复数名词parents作主语。故填parents。 2．句意：如今，很多年轻人在离开家后不能照顾他们自己。根据“look after”以及提示词可知，此处指照顾自己，应用反身代词themselves“他们自己”。故填themselves。 3．句意：我不想成为像他们那样的人。根据“I don’t want to be a person…them.”可知，作者不想成为像他们那样的人，应用介词like“像”。故填like。 4．句意：我总是帮她做饭，并向她学习烹饪。句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式。故填helped。 5．句意：我的妈妈对教我感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。 6．句意：但是她年轻时，她不知道如何做饭。根据“she didn’t know…to cook”可知，她不知道如何做饭，how to do“如何做”。故填how。 7．句意：当我的奶奶在做饭时，奶奶从不让她呆在厨房里。根据“My grandmother never had her stay in the kitchen while she”以及提示词可知，此句描述过去某个时刻正在做的事情，应用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were doing”，主语是she，助动词用was。故填was cooking。 8．句意：她不得不每周上烹饪课。此处泛指一节烹饪课，cooking是以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 9．句意：她决定教我们做饭，因为她不想让我们有同样的经历。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，此处应用连词because“因为”。故填because。 10．句意：我发现做家务比以前更容易得多，它带给我很多快乐。根据“than”可知，此处应用形容词easy的比较级，应用easier。故填easier。 五、任务型阅读 （24-25八年级下·四川成都·期末）根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。 The Colorado River is one of the most important rivers in the United States. It’s about 2,334 kilometers long. It starts in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado and goes southwest into the ocean in Mexico. The river is called “the lifeline for the Southwest” in America. It runs through seven states in the US and provides fresh drinking water for over 40 million people. Farms, factories, and tourism also greatly depend on it. Many dams (大坝) have been built to help save water and make electricity for the cities. Hoover Dam is the largest dam along the river. However, the water in the Colorado River almost gets used up during its journey. Because of a warming climate, there is much less snow in the mountains and less water runs into the river. The Southwest has been going through its worst drought (干旱) these years. Though the water in the river has become less, the need for it has even risen. Over the past twenty years, the river has lost about 20 percent of its flow and there has been very little water running into Mexico. Now scientists say that the river probably won’t even reach the sea again. In the face of such a great challenge, the seven states that depend on the river for water have decided to cut about 25% of their use of water. But it seems to be a difficult task. In fact, since 1922, an agreement called the Colorado Compact has guided how the seven states share the water in the river. However, the agreement just works in times of plenty but fails to play a role during drought. Now it’s very clear that work is far from enough. Actually, not only the Colorado River, but many other rivers around the world are in danger of being used up. Their water levels are going down. So it’s time for every one of us to step up and do our part to stop rivers from disappearing. Its basic information 1. The 1 : About 2,334 km. 2. Beginning and end: From Rocky Mountains of Colorado in the US to the sea in Mexico. Its 2 1. Providing drinking water for people; 2. Providing water for farms, factories, etc.; 3. 3 for cities. The Colorado River The problem 1. There is less water in the river and a   4 need for the water. 2. Cause of it: Climate change. Actions 1. Seven states have decided to cut about a 5 of water use. 2. An agreement was reached to manage the use of the water in 1922. 【答案】1．length 2．importance 3．Making electricity/Producing electricity/Providing electricity 4．growing 5．quarter/fourth 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科罗拉多河的基本信息、重要性、面临的问题以及采取的行动。 1．根据“It’s about 2,334 kilometers long.”可知，科罗拉多河的长度约为2,334公里。故填length。 2．根据“The river is called ‘the lifeline for the Southwest’ in America.”以及后文提到的提供饮用水、农业和工业用水等功能，说明其重要性。故填importance。 3．根据“Many dams have been built to help save water and make electricity for the cities.”可知，大坝的作用之一是发电。故填Making/Producing/Providing electricity。 4．根据“Though the water in the river has become less, the need for it has even risen.”可知，尽管水量减少，但需求却在上升。故填growing。 5．根据“the seven states that depend on the river for water have decided to cut about 25% of their use of water.”可知，七个州决定减少约25%的用水量。故填quarter/fourth。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $