专题02 非谓语动词1不定式（考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语外研版

专题02 非谓语动词1（不定式考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 动词不定式作主语 考点二 动词不定式作宾语 考点三 动词不定式作补足语 考点四 动词不定式作定语 考点五 动词不定式作状语 考点六 动词不定式作表语 考点七 动词不定式省略用法 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 句法 结构 主语 To see is to believe. 一般我们用it做形式主语来替代。 It is foolish to act like that. 宾语 She determined to learn English well. 常见的不定式做宾语的动词有： want, wish, hope, manage, ask, offer(提出), pretend, intend, decide, care, choose, expect, desire seem, happen, appear etc. 定语 做定语(后置) I want to get something to read during the holidays. 状语 We must use the right tools to do a good job.(目的) What have I said to make you so excited? (结果) We jumped with joy to hear the news. (原因) 补语 I asked him to show me the new dictionary. (v) + sb + to do sth ask, tell, invite, force, get, allow, *help, wish, want, persuade, remind, request, order, warn, cause etc. 表语 Her wish is to become an artist. 特殊 有些动词之后带不带to 的不定式。 make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel etc What made you think of that?但如果改为被动，to必须恢复。 They were made to work day and night.一些词组及句型后也带不含to的不定式。 Why spend such a lot of money? had better, would rather---than, used to, I have nothing to do but watch TV. I have no choice but to go shopping. but / except 后 + 不定式: I want nothing but to stay here. to do 与 to be done 的区别： I have some clothes to wash. (自己洗)/ to be washed. (让别人洗) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动词不定式作主语 【知识精讲】 一．动词不定式直接作主语 1. 不定式（to + 动词原形）直接置于句首作主语，表示一次性的、具体的动作或将来的行为。 To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To finish the task on time requires careful planning. 按时完成任务需要周密计划。 2.【易错提醒】动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. 爱与被爱是最大的幸福。 二． “疑问词+不定式”作主语 1．“疑问词(what, how…)+不定式” 结构可作主语，表达 “如何做 / 做什么” 等含义。 How to solve the problem is still unknown. 如何解决这个问题仍不清楚。 When to start the meeting has not been decided. 会议何时开始尚未决定。 2.【易错提醒】“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语谓语用单数形式；难点在于疑问词的选择。 What to do next depends on your decision. 接下来做什么取决于你的决定。 三． It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 1.当不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）置于句末。常用于“It+be+形容词/名词(for/of sb)+to do sth.”或It takes sb time to do sth.句型。 It is necessary to exercise regularly. 定期锻炼是必要的。 It takes two hours to get there by bus. 坐公交到那里需要两小时。 2.当形容词描述人的品质（kind, clever, foolish 等）时，用 of；当句中形容词描述动作特征时用for。 It is important for us to protect wild animals. 对我们而言，保护野生动物很重要。 It was foolish of him to make such a mistake. 他犯这样的错误，太愚蠢了。 【巩固提升】 1．It is worthwhile discuss the problem further, so we shouldn’t give it up. 2．It’s a great honour for me (stand) here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”. 3．Jack is late again. It is typical of him (keep) others waiting. 4．It requires professional skills to (operate) such advanced spacecraft in space. 5．The present situation is very complex, so it’ll take a few days (figure) out its reality. 6．It was once common for farmhouses, especially those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, (have) a zaotou that was painted with floral figures. 7．It took scholars and experts over two decades (complete) this ambitious project, which involved reproducing the world’s largest ancient encyclopedia. 8．It is interesting (compare) the two different sports. 9．It is very convenient (live) near the subway station. 10．It is necessary for us (exchange) learning experience regularly. 考点二 动词不定式作宾语 【知识精讲】 一． 只接to do作宾语的动词 英语中有些动词后只能接不定式作宾语，这类动词需要重点记忆。 manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫，wish希望/want想要，offer主动提出，decide决定/desire想要/determine决心 She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties.尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。 The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset.登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。 The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。 二． 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 【巩固提升】 1．That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. 2．He did not hesitate for a minute (save) the drowning child. 3．What if she fails (qualify) as a cultural heritage guide — will she try again or change her direction? 4．The prisoner attempted (escape) from the jail but was caught by the guards immediately. 5．She tried her best (comfortable) her friend who failed the exam, sharing her own experience to cheer him up. 6．We are all looking forward to the moment the country plans (launch) a new space probe into Mars. 7．I meant (call) you yesterday, but I was so busy with my homework that I completely forgot. 8．I forgot (withdraw) my application for the biomimicry research program. 9．I happened (meet) my primary school teacher in the supermarket yesterday; we talked for a long time. 10．She prefers (not associate) with people who are always negative and complain a lot. 考点三 动词不定式作补足语 【知识精讲】 一． 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾补 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态中to应加上。 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel The children were watched to play in the park.（孩子们被看着在公园里玩耍。 He was made to rewrite the essay.（他被要求重写作文。 二． 说服鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补 1.persuade, encourage，warn, tell, ask, expect 等动词通常接 “宾语+不定式（to do）” 结构作宾语补足语。 We expect the plan to be carried out next month.（我们预计这个计划下个月实施。 2.上述结构的否定形式是在不定式前边加not，如tell sb not to do。 The sign warns drivers not to park here. 标识警告司机不要在这里停车。 The teacher told us not to talk during the exam. 老师吩咐我们考试时不要说话。 三． with复合结构接不定式作宾补 1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。 He walked into the office with a report to submit.他走进办公室，手里拿着一份要提交的报告。 She sat there quietly with a lot of words to say.她静静地坐在那里，有很多话要说。 2. 上述结构省略介词with构成独立主格结构，不定式用法不变。 The old man sat on the bench, his eyes fixed on the path with a long story to tell.老人坐在长椅上，目光锁定在小路上，藏着一肚子故事要说。 四． 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 1. 在“be said/believed/reported/known to do”结构中，不定式短语本质上是对主语的动作或状态进行补充说明，相当于 “主语被认为/据说/据报道/众所周知要做某事”，此处不定式承担主语补足语的功能（因句子为被动语态。 The missing hiker is reported to survive in the forest by eating wild fruits.据报道，那名失踪的徒步者靠吃野果在森林里活了下来。 She is said to donate half her salary to the orphanage every month.据说她每月把一半工资捐给孤儿院。 2.在特定语境中上述结构不定式还可能用不定式的进行式、完成式等。 The team is believed to be developing a new type of energy-saving car.人们认为这个团队正在研发一种新型节能汽车。 The company is reported to have invested over 10 million in the project.据报道，这家公司已在该项目上投资超过 1000万。 【巩固提升】 1．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 2．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. 3．Parents often urge their children (develop) good reading habits from an early age. 4．Father does not allow us (play) on the street alone at night. 5．She wanted her hand-painted environmental posters (notice) by more students, so she put them up in the hallway. 6．The teacher asked us (collect) waste paper in the classroom and send it to the recycling station. 7．The teacher asked Tom (withdraw) his incorrect comment from the class discussion to avoid misunderstanding. 8．The library rules state that we don’t allow anyone (eat) food inside the reading area. 9．The teacher always assists students (improve) their writing skills by giving detailed feedback. 10．The general commanded his troops (advance) immediately. 考点四 动词不定式作定语 【知识精讲】 一．序数词first等后常接动词不定式作定语 当序数词（如 first, second, third, last 等）修饰名词时，其后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来修饰该名词。这种结构不定式与被修饰的名词构成“动宾关系”或“主谓关系”，即名词是不定式动作的执行者或承受者。 The last thing to do before leaving is to turn off the lights. 离开前最后一件要做的事是关灯。 He was the third runner to cross the finish line. 他是第三个冲过终点线的赛跑选手。 二． 形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语 形容词最高级（如 the tallest, the most important 等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用于修饰其后面的名词。这种结构通常表示“最适合做某事”“最值得做某事”或“最有能力做某事” 等含义。 The best time to visit the city is in spring. 游览这座城市的最佳时间是春天。 He is one of the most famous actors to star in this film. 他是出演这部电影的最著名演员之一。 三． effort等名词后常接动词不定式作定语 某些抽象名词（如decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来具体说明该名词所指代的“内容”“目的”或“相关动作”。 His plan to start a business requires careful preparation. 他创业的计划需要周密的准备。 His ability to solve complex problems impressed his boss.他解决复杂问题的能力给老板留下了深刻印象。 【巩固提升】 1．Our committee has a major role (play) in maintaining air and water quality. 2．The 2026 FIFA World Cup (hold) in the US, Mexico and Canada, will expand the number of participating teams to 48 for the first time, setting a new record in the World Cup history. 3．The desire (stand) out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision. 4．She is the first woman (win) the Nobel Prize in this field. 5．She found a creative way (solve) the problem without asking for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：她想到了一个不用求助就能解决这个问题的创新方法。a way to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事的方法”，此处需要用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词way。 6．Are you going to the conference (hold) next week? 7．She shared the bright prospect of the project and her plan (enhance) team cooperation. 8．We need more practical ways (reduce) energy consumption in the classroom. 9．She was the first student (win) the international competition in our school’s history. 10．This is the best way (solve) the environmental problem that has troubled us for years. 考点五 动词不定式作状语 【知识精讲】 一． 动词不定式短语作目的状语 1.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。 To improve his English, he practices speaking every day. 为了提高英语，他每天练习口语。 In order to protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料使用。 2.易错题型：注意so as to do不能位于句首；不定式逻辑主语和句子主语一致性；不定式位于句末前边不能有逗号；不定式根据语境还可能用否定式或被动式。 We left early so as to avoid the traffic jam. 我们早点出发，为了避开交通堵塞。 He turned down the music so as not to disturb his neighbors. 他调低了音乐，为了不打扰邻居。 The data needs to be organized carefully in order to be analyzed effectively.这些数据需要仔细整理以便能被有效分析。 二． 动词不定式短语作结果状语 不定式（to do）作结果状语时，主要用于表达主句动作所带来的“结果”，通常通过固定结构体现。常见结构包括 too…to…, enough to do, only to do, never to do, so…as to do, such…as to do 等。 She is old enough to make her own decisions. 她年纪足够大，可以自己做决定了。 They searched everywhere, only to discover the key was in their pocket. 他们到处找，结果却发现钥匙在自己口袋里。 He was so angry as to throw the cup on the floor. 他太生气了，以至于把杯子扔在了地上。 She has such a good memory as to remember every detail. 她的记忆力如此好，以至于能记住每个细节。 三． 动词不定式用于反射不定式 1. “be +形容词+to do” 结构被称为反射不定式，不定式“主动形式表被动意义” 的特点。形容词描述主语的特征或性质，不定式虽然是主动形式，但主语实际上是不定式动作的承受者。 The math question is difficult to answer. 这道数学题难被解答。 The journey was pleasant to experience. 这次旅行体验起来很愉快。 2. 上述结构可以转化为”It is +形容词+to do”结构。 It is difficult to answer the math question. 这道数学题难被解答。 【巩固提升】 1． (strong) motivated by her dream, she keeps working hard (strengthen) her professional skills. 2． (strengthen) their bond, the two friends decided to travel around the country together this summer. 3．He is sweating in the gym (build) his strength, while I am lying on the sofa (eat) snacks and (follow) my favorite hit drama. 4．My uncle rushed to the station only (tell) the train had left. 5．I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus, waking up (find) the bus had already passed my stop. 6．Their companionship was nearly enough (keep) my loneliness at bay. 7．All the other students were curious (know) why the teacher praised me. 8．Now in their eighth year at the scenic spot, they are pleased (see) an increase in environmental awareness among tourists. 9．While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just (sit) under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 10．The boy was very pleased (see) his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点六 动词不定式作表语 【知识精讲】 1. 不定式（to do）作表语时，通常位于系动词（如 be, seem, appear, become, remain 等）之后，用以说明主语的内容、性质、目的、身份或未来的动作。 What I need now is to have a good rest. 我现在需要的是好好休息一下。 The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new policy. 这次会议的目的是讨论新政策。 The plan appears to be practical. 这个计划似乎是可行的。 2. 当句子的主语部分含有实义动词 do（包括各种形式：do, does, did, doing, done）时，作表语的不定式（to do）通常可以省略不定式符号 to，直接用动词原形。 What they did last night was (to) watch a movie. 他们昨晚做的就是看电影。 The only thing left to be done is (to) sign the contract. 剩下唯一要做的就是签合同。 【巩固提升】 1．The most important thing for us now is (finish) the task before the deadline. 2．The most urgent thing now is (fix) the broken plumbing before the heavy rain comes. 3．My greatest dream is (build) a community library for children in poor areas. 4．My brother’s ambition is (become) a pilot after graduation. 5．My dream is (become) a successful entrepreneur. 6．The most important thing now is (find) a solution to the problem. 7．At first, his plan was (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. 8．The purpose of developing new technologies is (make) life easier. 9．Now your first important task is (take) good care of the wounded soldiers. 10．What we need to do at this critical moment is (stay) at home and not meet people face-to-face. 考点七 动词不定式省略用法 【知识精讲】 1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略不定式符号to。 They watched the sun rise over the mountains. 他们看着太阳从山上升起。 The teacher made him apologize to his classmate. 老师让他向同学道歉。 2. 在英语中，不定式符号 to 在某些特定句型中通常被省略，直接使用动词原形。 may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… You had better go now, or you’ll miss the bus. 你最好现在走，不然会错过公交车。 I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家也不出去。 Would you please turn down the music? 请把音乐关小一点好吗？ They prefer to cook by themselves rather than eat out. 他们宁愿自己做饭，也不愿出去吃。 3.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 This is the place I want to live in, but I can’t afford to. 这是我想住的地方，但我住不起。 He is not the man he used to be. 他不再是过去的那个他了。 【巩固提升】 单句改错。 1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 2. Rather than riding on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do. 5．The little girl could do nothing but to stay at home. 一．单句语法填空 1．They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. 2．Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. 3．He is brave enough (acknowledge) his mistake in front of the whole class. 4． (ease) this area’s water shortage, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was remarkable engineering achievement. 5．You need (think) it over. 6．The boys are not allowed (swim) here. 7．He is too young to (drive) the car. 8．They set out (explore) the jungle, where they will recognize the worth of the mysterious natural world. 9．The damage caused by the tsunami was making it difficult (rescue) the survivors. 10．In order to (appreciate) your help, I would like to invite you to dinner this weekend. 11．I called the hotel in advance (confirm) my reservation and the pick-up service for my upcoming trip. 12．After failing the mid-term exam, he was determined (revise) his notes carefully from then on. 13． (celebrate) the Lantern Festival, we decorate our windows with balloons and posters. 14．Environmentalists and researchers work tirelessly (detect) signs of climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction, so they can take appropriate measures to address these issues.   15．The team worked day and night (obtain) the final approval. 16． (prevent) the habitats of the wild animals from being damaged is very important for wildlife protection. 17．He knew he was in the wrong and wanted to (apology) for what he had done. 18．It is the duty of everyone of us (promote) traditional Chinese festivals. 19．To build a shared future countries must cooperate (promote) sustainable development. 20．His ambition is (become) a professional pianist in the future. （所给词的适当形式填空） 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the bustling city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, Li Jing, 38, has carved out a peaceful space — his studio, Shixianju (meaning “dwelling in leisure”), 1 he dedicates himself to his lifelong passion: handcrafting traditional Chinese round fans. Combining centuries-old techniques with modern aesthetics (艺术), Li’s creations have captivated a wide audience, 2 (gain) more than 2.72 million followers on China’s social media platform Weibo. His works 3 (appear) in fashion shoots and TV dramas as well. Li’ s interest in round fans began in high school when he fell in love with Peking Opera. “The costumes, poetic lyrics, and symbolic accessories (配饰) all reflect the artistry of this 4 (comprehend) art form,” he said. “Whoever appreciates Peking Opera can find a unique perspective, while I was particularly fascinated by the beautiful stage accessories, which aroused my desire 5 (collect) and restore fans.” According to Li, a round fan represents a 6 (combine) of ancient craftsmanship, integrating techniques for crafting the frame, designing patterns, making ribs and tassels, and attaching the fan surface. “ 7 its small size, the round fan holds endless creative possibilities,” he explained. “The surface can be made from materials like silk, and be decorated with calligraphy, painting, or embroidery (刺绣).” Among all techniques, Li’s favorite is kesi, or silk tapestry weaving (织锦), which is also the most complicated. 8 (know) for its careful craftsmanship, kesi involves weaving each colorful thread 9 (individual) to form detailed patterns, often creating lifelike imagery with 10 shiny, layered effect. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Chinese culture, colors speak louder than words. For over 3,000 years, people 1 (use) colors to express philosophical ideas and social values. The system originates from the Five Elements theory, which connects colors with 2 (nature) forces. Red, for instance, is seen 3 the color of luck since ancient times because it represents fire — the element that brings 4 (warm) and protection. During the Tang Dynasty, strict rules governed color use. Only emperors could wear bright yellow, 5 was believed to symbolize earth’s central position. Ordinary people were not allowed to use this color until 1912 when the last dynasty 6 (fall). Today, this tradition continues in understated ways. When you visit the Forbidden City, you’ll notice its golden roofs still shine under the sun, 7 (remind) visitors of China’s imperial past. Modern technology gives traditional colors new life. Designers of the 2022 Winter Olympics uniforms 8 (careful) studied ancient paintings to create their “Azure Blue” theme. Smartphone companies also play with cultural meanings — Huawei’s “Ink Jade” phone color 9 (inspire) by the black ink stones used by scholars. Interestingly, young people today are more actively learning about color traditions 10 often have them combined with Western styles. As an artist puts it, “Colors are like time travelers that connect different eras through beauty.” C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mahjong, a traditional Chinese tile-based game, has evolved from ancient card games over centuries. With its complex rules and 1 (strategy) depth, it has become not only a form of 2 (entertain) but also a cultural symbol that combines mathematics, memory, and social interaction. The game is played with 144 tiles (牌) 3 (carve) with Chinese characters, bamboo patterns, or dots. Players must build valid hands by combining tiles into sets—either identical triplets (pung) or sequential runs (chow). The challenge lies 4 predicting opponents’ moves while managing one’s own collection of tiles, requiring both luck and foresight. 5 (interest), mahjong has distinct regional variations. In Shanghai, for example, players often emphasize speed and quick calculations, while Cantonese mahjong 6 (feature) riskier betting systems. These differences reflect the diversity of Chinese culture, where even a game adapts to local preferences. In recent decades, mahjong has gained global popularity. It has appeared in international competitions and digital platforms, 7 gives rise to debates about its classification—as a sport, a game of chance, 8 an art form. Some argue that mastering mahjong demands skills comparable to chess, while others highlight its role as a social glue, 9 (bring) generations together. As mahjong continues to spread, its cultural significance deepens. It serves as 10 reminder that games, like languages, carry historical values that transcend time and borders. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 非谓语动词1（不定式考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 动词不定式作主语 考点二 动词不定式作宾语 考点三 动词不定式作补足语 考点四 动词不定式作定语 考点五 动词不定式作状语 考点六 动词不定式作表语 考点七 动词不定式省略用法 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 句法 结构 主语 To see is to believe. 一般我们用it做形式主语来替代。 It is foolish to act like that. 宾语 She determined to learn English well. 常见的不定式做宾语的动词有： want, wish, hope, manage, ask, offer(提出), pretend, intend, decide, care, choose, expect, desire seem, happen, appear etc. 定语 做定语(后置) I want to get something to read during the holidays. 状语 We must use the right tools to do a good job.(目的) What have I said to make you so excited? (结果) We jumped with joy to hear the news. (原因) 补语 I asked him to show me the new dictionary. (v) + sb + to do sth ask, tell, invite, force, get, allow, *help, wish, want, persuade, remind, request, order, warn, cause etc. 表语 Her wish is to become an artist. 特殊 有些动词之后带不带to 的不定式。 make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel etc What made you think of that?但如果改为被动，to必须恢复。 They were made to work day and night.一些词组及句型后也带不含to的不定式。 Why spend such a lot of money? had better, would rather---than, used to, I have nothing to do but watch TV. I have no choice but to go shopping. but / except 后 + 不定式: I want nothing but to stay here. to do 与 to be done 的区别： I have some clothes to wash. (自己洗)/ to be washed. (让别人洗) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动词不定式作主语 【知识精讲】 一．动词不定式直接作主语 1. 不定式（to + 动词原形）直接置于句首作主语，表示一次性的、具体的动作或将来的行为。 To learn English well is important. 学好英语很重要。 To finish the task on time requires careful planning. 按时完成任务需要周密计划。 2.【易错提醒】动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. 爱与被爱是最大的幸福。 二． “疑问词+不定式”作主语 1．“疑问词(what, how…)+不定式” 结构可作主语，表达 “如何做 / 做什么” 等含义。 How to solve the problem is still unknown. 如何解决这个问题仍不清楚。 When to start the meeting has not been decided. 会议何时开始尚未决定。 2.【易错提醒】“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语谓语用单数形式；难点在于疑问词的选择。 What to do next depends on your decision. 接下来做什么取决于你的决定。 三． It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 1.当不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）置于句末。常用于“It+be+形容词/名词(for/of sb)+to do sth.”或It takes sb time to do sth.句型。 It is necessary to exercise regularly. 定期锻炼是必要的。 It takes two hours to get there by bus. 坐公交到那里需要两小时。 2.当形容词描述人的品质（kind, clever, foolish 等）时，用 of；当句中形容词描述动作特征时用for。 It is important for us to protect wild animals. 对我们而言，保护野生动物很重要。 It was foolish of him to make such a mistake. 他犯这样的错误，太愚蠢了。 【巩固提升】 1．It is worthwhile discuss the problem further, so we shouldn’t give it up. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：这个问题值得进一步讨论，所以我们不应该放弃。此处用to构成固定句型：It is worthwhile to do sth，意为“做某事是值得的”，句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。 2．It’s a great honour for me (stand) here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”. 【答案】to stand 【详解】句意：我很荣幸站在这里发表题为《做明智的网络学习者》的演讲。 固定句型It’s an honour for sb. to do sth. 意为“某人很荣幸做某事”，it是形式主语，此处用不定式作真正主语。 3．Jack is late again. It is typical of him (keep) others waiting. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：杰克又迟到了。让别人等他，这是他一贯的作风。“It is typical of sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“某人一贯做某事，做某事是某人的风格”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，空处应用动词不定式形式to keep。 4．It requires professional skills to (operate) such advanced spacecraft in space. 【答案】operate 【详解】句意：在太空中操控如此先进的航天器需要专业技能。固定结构It requires... to do sth.中it是形式主语，用动词不定式作真正的主语，不定式符号to后接动词原形operate。 5．The present situation is very complex, so it’ll take a few days (figure) out its reality. 【答案】to figure 【详解】句意：当前形势十分复杂，因此要花几天时间才能弄清它的实际情况。固定句型：It takes some time to do sth.“花费多长时间做某事”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。 6．It was once common for farmhouses, especially those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, (have) a zaotou that was painted with floral figures. 【答案】to have 【详解】句意：过去，农舍，尤其是长江下游地区的农舍，通常都带有一个绘有花卉图案的灶头。“It was +形容词+for... to do sth”是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构，此处用不定式形式to have作主语。 7．It took scholars and experts over two decades (complete) this ambitious project, which involved reproducing the world’s largest ancient encyclopedia. 【答案】to complete 【详解】句意：学者和专家们花了二十多年的时间才完成了这项雄心勃勃的工程，该工程涉及复制世界上最大的古代百科全书。此处考查固定句型“It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语，所以空处需要动词不定式。 8．It is interesting (compare) the two different sports. 【答案】to compare 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将这两项不同的运动进行比较是很有趣的。句子开头It为形式主语，所给动词compare在句中作真正主语，应使用动词不定式形式。 故填to compare。 9．It is very convenient (live) near the subway station. 【答案】to live 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：住在地铁站附近真是太方便了。此处为句型it be adj. to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。故填to live。 10．It is necessary for us (exchange) learning experience regularly. 【答案】to exchange 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有必要定期交流学习经验。It是形式主语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to exchange。 考点二 动词不定式作宾语 【知识精讲】 一． 只接to do作宾语的动词 英语中有些动词后只能接不定式作宾语，这类动词需要重点记忆。 manage设法, expect期待, choose选择, afford承受/ agree答应/ attempt试图, refuse拒绝, fail未能, intend打算, plan计划/pretend假装/promise承诺, seem好像, hope希望hesitate犹豫，wish希望/want想要，offer主动提出，decide决定/desire想要/determine决心 She managed to finish the project on time despite the difficulties.尽管困难重重，她还是设法按时完成了项目。 The climbers attempted to reach the summit before sunset.登山者试图在日落前登上顶峰。 The child pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.妈妈进来时，孩子假装睡着了。 二． 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 【巩固提升】 1．That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：这就是为什么这期《作家文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在进行的任何类型的写作写出最佳结局。aim to do sth是固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事，目的是做某事”，结合句意，表示“帮助”，用动词help构成不定式作宾语。 2．He did not hesitate for a minute (save) the drowning child. 【答案】to save 【详解】句意：他毫不犹豫立刻去救那个溺水的孩子。分析句子结构可知，这里考查固定搭配hesitate to do sth. 表“犹豫做某事”，应用不定式作宾语，符合语境。 3．What if she fails (qualify) as a cultural heritage guide — will she try again or change her direction? 【答案】to qualify 【详解】句意：如果她未能获得文化遗产导游资格怎么办——她会再试一次还是改变方向？根据“fails”可知，此处为固定搭配fail to do sth，意为“未能做某事”，因此要用to qualify作宾语。 4．The prisoner attempted (escape) from the jail but was caught by the guards immediately. 【答案】to escape 【详解】句意：这名囚犯企图逃出监狱，却立刻被警卫抓住。此处为固定搭配attempt to do sth.，意为“企图做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式to escape作宾语。 5．She tried her best (comfortable) her friend who failed the exam, sharing her own experience to cheer him up. 【答案】to comfort 【详解】句意：她尽全力安慰考试失利的朋友，分享自身经历来使他振作起来。try one’s best to do sth. “尽力做某事”是固定搭配，空处应填不定式，comfortable的动词形式为comfort。 6．We are all looking forward to the moment the country plans (launch) a new space probe into Mars. 【答案】to launch 【详解】句意：我们都期盼着国家计划向火星发射新探测器的那一刻。plan to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，故用动词不定式to launch。 7．I meant (call) you yesterday, but I was so busy with my homework that I completely forgot. 【答案】to call 【详解】句意：我昨天本打算给你打电话的，但是我忙着写作业，完全忘了。根据“but I was so busy with my homework that I completely forgot”可推知，“我”本打算打电话，meant是mean的过去式，要用mean to do sth.，表示“打算做某事”，要将call变成to call。 8．I forgot (withdraw) my application for the biomimicry research program. 【答案】to withdraw 【详解】句意：我忘记要撤回我的仿生学研究项目申请了。 本句强调还未撤销仿生学研究项目申请，要用forget to do sth.结构，表示“忘记去做某事”，强调事情还未做，要填动词不定式 to withdraw。 9．I happened (meet) my primary school teacher in the supermarket yesterday; we talked for a long time. 【答案】to meet 【详解】句意：昨天我碰巧在超市遇见了小学老师，我们聊了许久。happen to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“碰巧做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语。 10．She prefers (not associate) with people who are always negative and complain a lot. 【答案】not to associate/not associating 【详解】句意：她宁愿不与那些总是消极抱怨的人交往。prefer后可接不定式或动名词作宾语，否定形式分别为prefer not to do sth.或prefer not doing sth.。 考点三 动词不定式作补足语 【知识精讲】 一． 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾补 观感使役类动词接不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态中to应加上。 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel The children were watched to play in the park.（孩子们被看着在公园里玩耍。 He was made to rewrite the essay.（他被要求重写作文。 二． 说服鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补 1.persuade, encourage，warn, tell, ask, expect 等动词通常接 “宾语+不定式（to do）” 结构作宾语补足语。 We expect the plan to be carried out next month.（我们预计这个计划下个月实施。 2.上述结构的否定形式是在不定式前边加not，如tell sb not to do。 The sign warns drivers not to park here. 标识警告司机不要在这里停车。 The teacher told us not to talk during the exam. 老师吩咐我们考试时不要说话。 三． with复合结构接不定式作宾补 1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。 He walked into the office with a report to submit.他走进办公室，手里拿着一份要提交的报告。 She sat there quietly with a lot of words to say.她静静地坐在那里，有很多话要说。 2. 上述结构省略介词with构成独立主格结构，不定式用法不变。 The old man sat on the bench, his eyes fixed on the path with a long story to tell.老人坐在长椅上，目光锁定在小路上，藏着一肚子故事要说。 四． 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 1. 在“be said/believed/reported/known to do”结构中，不定式短语本质上是对主语的动作或状态进行补充说明，相当于 “主语被认为/据说/据报道/众所周知要做某事”，此处不定式承担主语补足语的功能（因句子为被动语态。 The missing hiker is reported to survive in the forest by eating wild fruits.据报道，那名失踪的徒步者靠吃野果在森林里活了下来。 She is said to donate half her salary to the orphanage every month.据说她每月把一半工资捐给孤儿院。 2.在特定语境中上述结构不定式还可能用不定式的进行式、完成式等。 The team is believed to be developing a new type of energy-saving car.人们认为这个团队正在研发一种新型节能汽车。 The company is reported to have invested over 10 million in the project.据报道，这家公司已在该项目上投资超过 1000万。 【巩固提升】 1．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 【答案】to chat 【详解】句意：一家科技公司研发出一款无屏幕智能手机，能让孩子们和亲人聊天且不受触屏干扰。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处使用to chat作宾补。 2．My English teacher is my role model, who has influenced me (take) up the position as a teacher. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我的英语老师是我的榜样，他影响了我从事教师这一职业。此处考查固定搭配influence sb. to do sth，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 3．Parents often urge their children (develop) good reading habits from an early age. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意：父母常常敦促他们的孩子从小养成良好的阅读习惯。urge sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“催促某人做某事”，其中动词不定式to develop在句中作宾语补足语。 4．Father does not allow us (play) on the street alone at night. 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：父亲不允许我们晚上独自在街上玩耍。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，本空用不定式to play作宾语补足语。 5．She wanted her hand-painted environmental posters (notice) by more students, so she put them up in the hallway. 【答案】to be noticed 【详解】句意：她希望自己手绘的环保海报能被更多同学看到，便将海报张贴在了走廊。此处为固定结构want sth to be done，notice与逻辑主语posters之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动词不定式的被动形式to be noticed作宾补。 6．The teacher asked us (collect) waste paper in the classroom and send it to the recycling station. 【答案】to collect 【详解】句意：老师要求我们在教室里收集废纸，并把它送到回收站。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”是固定句式，此处用不定式作宾语补足语。 7．The teacher asked Tom (withdraw) his incorrect comment from the class discussion to avoid misunderstanding. 【答案】to withdraw 【详解】句意：老师要求汤姆撤回课堂讨论中从不当言论，以免产生误解。ask sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。 8．The library rules state that we don’t allow anyone (eat) food inside the reading area. 【答案】to eat 【详解】句意：图书馆规定，不允许任何人在阅览区内吃东西。由于allow sb. to do sth.是固定结构，表示“允许某人做某事”，要将eat变成动词不定式to eat。 9．The teacher always assists students (improve) their writing skills by giving detailed feedback. 【答案】to improve 【详解】句意：这位老师总是通过给出详尽的反馈，帮助学生提升写作能力。assist sb. to do sth.“助某人做某事”是固定搭配，空处用不定式作宾补。 10．The general commanded his troops (advance) immediately. 【答案】to advance 【详解】句意：将军命令他的部队立即前进。command sb to do sth“命令某人做某事”是固定用法，不定式作宾语补足语。 考点四 动词不定式作定语 【知识精讲】 一．序数词first等后常接动词不定式作定语 当序数词（如 first, second, third, last 等）修饰名词时，其后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来修饰该名词。这种结构不定式与被修饰的名词构成“动宾关系”或“主谓关系”，即名词是不定式动作的执行者或承受者。 The last thing to do before leaving is to turn off the lights. 离开前最后一件要做的事是关灯。 He was the third runner to cross the finish line. 他是第三个冲过终点线的赛跑选手。 二． 形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语 形容词最高级（如 the tallest, the most important 等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用于修饰其后面的名词。这种结构通常表示“最适合做某事”“最值得做某事”或“最有能力做某事” 等含义。 The best time to visit the city is in spring. 游览这座城市的最佳时间是春天。 He is one of the most famous actors to star in this film. 他是出演这部电影的最著名演员之一。 三． effort等名词后常接动词不定式作定语 某些抽象名词（如decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience等）后常接动词不定式（to do）作定语，用来具体说明该名词所指代的“内容”“目的”或“相关动作”。 His plan to start a business requires careful preparation. 他创业的计划需要周密的准备。 His ability to solve complex problems impressed his boss.他解决复杂问题的能力给老板留下了深刻印象。 【巩固提升】 1．Our committee has a major role (play) in maintaining air and water quality. 【答案】to play 【详解】句意：我们的委员会在维护空气和水质方面发挥着重要作用。修饰role，常用不定式作后置定语。 2．The 2026 FIFA World Cup (hold) in the US, Mexico and Canada, will expand the number of participating teams to 48 for the first time, setting a new record in the World Cup history. 【答案】to be held 【详解】句意：2026年国际足联世界杯将在美国、墨西哥和加拿大举行，参赛球队数量将首次扩大到48支，创下世界杯历史新纪录。根据“The 2026 FIFA World Cup”可知，比赛尚未举办，且世界杯与hold之间是被动关系，因此需要用不定式的被动式to be held作后置定语，修饰The 2026 FIFA World Cup，表示“将要被举办的”。 3．The desire (stand) out consumed me, pushing me towards a regrettable decision. 【答案】to stand 【详解】句意：想要脱颖而出的渴望占据了我的内心，驱使我做出了一个令人后悔的决定。desire to do“做……的渴望”是常用搭配，不定式作定语修饰抽象名词desire。 4．She is the first woman (win) the Nobel Prize in this field. 【答案】to win 【详解】句意：她是该领域第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。当名词被序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，woman被the first修饰，因此用to win作后置定语。 5．She found a creative way (solve) the problem without asking for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：她想到了一个不用求助就能解决这个问题的创新方法。a way to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事的方法”，此处需要用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词way。 6．Are you going to the conference (hold) next week? 【答案】to be held 【详解】句意：你要去参加下周举行的会议吗？本句谓语为Are going，此处为非谓语动词，且the conference与hold“举行”为被动关系，且根据next week可知动作尚未发生，应用不定式的被动式，作后置定语，修饰the conference。 7．She shared the bright prospect of the project and her plan (enhance) team cooperation. 【答案】to enhance 【详解】句意：她分享了项目的广阔前景，以及她加强团队合作的计划。空处为动词enhance“加强”的动词不定式to enhance作后置定语，说明plan的内容，并表示将要去做的动作。 8．We need more practical ways (reduce) energy consumption in the classroom. 【答案】to reduce 【详解】句意：我们需要更多切实可行的方法来减少教室里的能源消耗。way to do sth.“做某事的方法”，本空用不定式to reduce，作定语。 9．She was the first student (win) the international competition in our school’s history. 【答案】to win 【详解】句意：她是我校历史上首位在国际比赛中获奖的学生。空处作修饰student的定语，student前有序数词the first修饰，应用win“赢，获胜”的不定式作后置定语。 10．This is the best way (solve) the environmental problem that has troubled us for years. 【答案】to solve 【详解】句意：这是解决困扰我们多年的环境问题的最佳方法。名词“way”后常用不定式作后置定语，构成“the way to do sth.”结构，表示“做某事的方法”。 考点五 动词不定式作状语 【知识精讲】 一． 动词不定式短语作目的状语 1.不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。 To improve his English, he practices speaking every day. 为了提高英语，他每天练习口语。 In order to protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料使用。 2.易错题型：注意so as to do不能位于句首；不定式逻辑主语和句子主语一致性；不定式位于句末前边不能有逗号；不定式根据语境还可能用否定式或被动式。 We left early so as to avoid the traffic jam. 我们早点出发，为了避开交通堵塞。 He turned down the music so as not to disturb his neighbors. 他调低了音乐，为了不打扰邻居。 The data needs to be organized carefully in order to be analyzed effectively.这些数据需要仔细整理以便能被有效分析。 二． 动词不定式短语作结果状语 不定式（to do）作结果状语时，主要用于表达主句动作所带来的“结果”，通常通过固定结构体现。常见结构包括 too…to…, enough to do, only to do, never to do, so…as to do, such…as to do 等。 She is old enough to make her own decisions. 她年纪足够大，可以自己做决定了。 They searched everywhere, only to discover the key was in their pocket. 他们到处找，结果却发现钥匙在自己口袋里。 He was so angry as to throw the cup on the floor. 他太生气了，以至于把杯子扔在了地上。 She has such a good memory as to remember every detail. 她的记忆力如此好，以至于能记住每个细节。 三． 动词不定式用于反射不定式 1. “be +形容词+to do” 结构被称为反射不定式，不定式“主动形式表被动意义” 的特点。形容词描述主语的特征或性质，不定式虽然是主动形式，但主语实际上是不定式动作的承受者。 The math question is difficult to answer. 这道数学题难被解答。 The journey was pleasant to experience. 这次旅行体验起来很愉快。 2. 上述结构可以转化为”It is +形容词+to do”结构。 It is difficult to answer the math question. 这道数学题难被解答。 【巩固提升】 1． (strong) motivated by her dream, she keeps working hard (strengthen) her professional skills. 【答案】 Strongly to strengthen 【详解】句意：受到梦想的强烈激励，她持续努力以巩固自己的专业技能。第一空作状语修饰过去分词短语motivated by her dream，要将形容词strong变成副词，放在句首时首字母s要大写，即Strongly；句中有谓语动词keeps，空前无并列连词，要将括号里的strengthen变成非谓语动词；由于___________(strengthen) her professional skills是keeps working hard的目的，第二空要用动词不定式to strengthen构成目的状语。 2． (strengthen) their bond, the two friends decided to travel around the country together this summer. 【答案】To strengthen 【详解】句意：为了加强他们的友谊，这两个朋友决定今年夏天一起环游全国。本空在句中作目的状语，表示“为了加强”，应用不定式to strengthen，且句首单词，首字母需大写。 3．He is sweating in the gym (build) his strength, while I am lying on the sofa (eat) snacks and (follow) my favorite hit drama. 【答案】 to build eating following 【详解】句意：他正在健身房流汗锻炼体力，而我正躺在沙发上吃零食、追我最喜欢的热播剧。本句谓语为is sweating，此处为非谓语动词，且表目的，应用不定式to build，作目的状语。while后的句子谓语为am lying，此处为非谓语动词，且I与eat为主动关系，应用现在分词eating，作伴随状语。第三空与eating并列，同为现在分词，作伴随状语，应用following。 4．My uncle rushed to the station only (tell) the train had left. 【答案】to be told 【详解】句意：我叔叔匆忙赶到车站，结果却被告知火车已经开走了。only to do表示意想不到的结果，此处tell与my uncle之间是被动关系，即叔叔是被告知，所以用动词不定式的被动形式to be told。 5．I was so tired that I fell asleep on the bus, waking up (find) the bus had already passed my stop. 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：我太累了，在公交车上睡着了，醒来后发现公交车已经过了我的站点。现在分词waking up作伴随状语。现在分词作伴随动作后，不定式常用来引出意料之外的结果，本空用不定式to find。 6．Their companionship was nearly enough (keep) my loneliness at bay. 【答案】to keep 【详解】句意：他们的陪伴几乎足以驱散我的孤独感。根据enough to do something用法，动词keep应使用不定式形式作结果状语。 7．All the other students were curious (know) why the teacher praised me. 【答案】to know 【详解】句意：其他学生都很好奇老师为什么表扬我。be curious to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，所以此处应为动词不定式形式，作原因状语。 8．Now in their eighth year at the scenic spot, they are pleased (see) an increase in environmental awareness among tourists. 【答案】to see 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：如今在这个景区工作的第八年，他们很高兴看到游客们的环保意识有所提高。这里考查be pleased to do sth.固定短语，意为“很高兴做某事”，此处应用不定式to see作原因状语。故填to see。 9．While many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just (sit) under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them. 【答案】to sit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然许多英国人最喜欢在周日割草，但也有一些人喜欢坐在树枝下，欣赏周围世界的美丽。be happy to do sth.是固定短语，意为“乐意做某事，高兴做某事”，本空用不定式作原因状语。故填to sit。 10．The boy was very pleased (see) his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to see 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这个男孩见到他的父母非常高兴。be pleased是一个表示情绪的形容词短语，后面通常接不定式to do sth.来补充说明“高兴”的原因或具体内容，be pleased to do sth.意思是“很高兴做某事”。故填to see。 考点六 动词不定式作表语 【知识精讲】 1. 不定式（to do）作表语时，通常位于系动词（如 be, seem, appear, become, remain 等）之后，用以说明主语的内容、性质、目的、身份或未来的动作。 What I need now is to have a good rest. 我现在需要的是好好休息一下。 The purpose of this meeting is to discuss the new policy. 这次会议的目的是讨论新政策。 The plan appears to be practical. 这个计划似乎是可行的。 2. 当句子的主语部分含有实义动词 do（包括各种形式：do, does, did, doing, done）时，作表语的不定式（to do）通常可以省略不定式符号 to，直接用动词原形。 What they did last night was (to) watch a movie. 他们昨晚做的就是看电影。 The only thing left to be done is (to) sign the contract. 剩下唯一要做的就是签合同。 【巩固提升】 1．The most important thing for us now is (finish) the task before the deadline. 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：对我们来说，现在最重要的事就是在截止日期前完成任务。空处作表语，要用动词不定式作表语，表将来，要将finish变成to finish。 2．The most urgent thing now is (fix) the broken plumbing before the heavy rain comes. 【答案】to fix 【详解】句意：目前最紧急的事情是在大雨来临前修好破损的管道。根据句意，管道还未修好，是将要去做或需要完成的具体动作，应用不定式说明具体要去做的事，应填入to fix，与空后的不定式宾语the broken plumbing共同构成不定式短语作句子表语。 3．My greatest dream is (build) a community library for children in poor areas. 【答案】to build 【详解】句意：我最大的梦想就是为贫困地区的孩子们建一座社区图书馆。此处表示将要去做或需要完成的具体动作，应用不定式说明具体要去做的事，填入不定式to build，与空后的不定式宾语a community library共同构成不定式短语作句子表语。 4．My brother’s ambition is (become) a pilot after graduation. 【答案】to become 【详解】句意：我哥哥的志向是毕业后成为一名飞行员。句子的主语是My brother’s ambition，表示一种未来的目标、愿望或计划。表语需要对主语进行具体说明，become a pilot是主语ambition的具体内容，是还未实现的动作。动词不定式to become常用来表示未来的动作、目的或计划，正好符合“志向”的属性，因此用to become作表语。 5．My dream is (become) a successful entrepreneur. 【答案】to become 【详解】句意：我的梦想是成为一名成功的企业家。空处作表语，且表示将要发生的动作，需用动词不定式形式to become。 6．The most important thing now is (find) a solution to the problem. 【答案】to find 【详解】句意：现在最重要的事是找到问题的解决方案。空处作表语，说明主语The most important thing的具体内容，是将要发生的特定的行为，应用不定式形式to find。 7．At first, his plan was (earn) money to build a single well somewhere in Africa. 【答案】to earn 【详解】句意：起初，他的计划是挣些钱在非洲的某个地方打一口井。plan作主语，说明主语的内容，用不定式作表语。 8．The purpose of developing new technologies is (make) life easier. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：开发新技术的目的是为了使生活更加便捷。说明主语的内容，用不定式作表语。故填to make。 9．Now your first important task is (take) good care of the wounded soldiers. 【答案】to take 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在你的首要重要任务是照顾好受伤的士兵。此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示尚未发生的动作，所以使用不定式形式，且take的逻辑主语与主句主语一致，都是your first important task，二者之间是主动关系。故填to take。 10．What we need to do at this critical moment is (stay) at home and not meet people face-to-face. 【答案】to stay/stay 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个关键时刻，我们需要做的是待在家里，不要与人面对面见面。空处需填非谓语动词作表语，此处表示“需要做的事情”，可用不定式作表语，强调具体的动作或行为，主语部分含有实义动词 do，作表语的不定式可省略to。故填(to) stay。 考点七 动词不定式省略用法 【知识精讲】 1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略不定式符号to。 They watched the sun rise over the mountains. 他们看着太阳从山上升起。 The teacher made him apologize to his classmate. 老师让他向同学道歉。 2. 在英语中，不定式符号 to 在某些特定句型中通常被省略，直接使用动词原形。 may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… You had better go now, or you’ll miss the bus. 你最好现在走，不然会错过公交车。 I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家也不出去。 Would you please turn down the music? 请把音乐关小一点好吗？ They prefer to cook by themselves rather than eat out. 他们宁愿自己做饭，也不愿出去吃。 3.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 This is the place I want to live in, but I can’t afford to. 这是我想住的地方，但我住不起。 He is not the man he used to be. 他不再是过去的那个他了。 【巩固提升】 单句改错。 1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 【答案】去掉to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。let sb do sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。 2. Rather than riding on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 【答案】riding改为to ride 【详解】考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride; to ride。 3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 【答案】去掉to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。do nothing but do是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do. 【答案】去掉do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。 5．The little girl could do nothing but to stay at home. 【答案】去掉do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小女孩除了呆在家里别无他法。动词短语do nothing but do sth.表示“除了做某事什么也不做”，因前面有do，but后的不定式省略to。故填stay。 一．单句语法填空 1．They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. 【答案】to threaten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是亲密的朋友，所以没有什么能威胁到他们的关系，很多人觉得他们的关系很和谐。be likely to do sth.有可能做某事。故填to threaten。 2．Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. 【答案】to have taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2007年发现，废墟的墙壁和周围的水保护系统结合在一起，展示了一个庞大的基础设施基础，估计其建造需要4000人花费十年的时间才能完成。be estimated to do为固定短语，意为“估计做某事”，take发生在estimate之前，使用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have taken。 3．He is brave enough (acknowledge) his mistake in front of the whole class. 【答案】to acknowledge 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他足够勇敢，敢于在全班同学面前承认自己的错误。所给词acknowledge为动词，意为“承认”；此处为固定句型“主语+ be +形容词+ enough + to do sth.”，表示“某人足够……以至于能够做某事”，其中不定式to acknowledge作结果状语。故填to acknowledge。 4． (ease) this area’s water shortage, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was remarkable engineering achievement. 【答案】To ease 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺，当地政府决定修建一条横跨山脉的运河，其建设是一项了不起的工程成就。设空处应填动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺”，设空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填To ease。 5．You need (think) it over. 【答案】to think 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：你需要好好想想。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语need to do sth.，意为“需要做某事”。故填to think。 6．The boys are not allowed (swim) here. 【答案】to swim 【详解】考查动词不定式和固定短语。句意：男孩们不被允许在这里游泳。分析可知，“sb. be (not) allowed to do”，意为“某人（不）被允许做某事”，此处动词不定式作主语补足语。故填to swim。 7．He is too young to (drive) the car. 【答案】drive 【详解】考查动词。句意：他太年轻了而不能开车。分析句子结构可知，此处为too…to do…意为“太……而不能……”，所以，此处应填动词原形。故填drive。 8．They set out (explore) the jungle, where they will recognize the worth of the mysterious natural world. 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们出发去探索丛林，在那里他们将认识到神秘的自然世界的价值。“set out to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“出发去做某事，着手做某事”，空处应用动词不定式形式to explore。故填to explore。 9．The damage caused by the tsunami was making it difficult (rescue) the survivors. 【答案】to rescue 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海啸造成的破坏使得救援幸存者变得困难。此处为固定句型：make it+adj.+to do“使得做某事……”，it是形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to rescue。 10．In order to (appreciate) your help, I would like to invite you to dinner this weekend. 【答案】appreciate 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达对你的帮助的感激之情，我想在这个周末邀请你共进晚餐。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语，空前已有to，所以空处需填动词原形appreciate“感激”。故填appreciate。 11．I called the hotel in advance (confirm) my reservation and the pick-up service for my upcoming trip. 【答案】to confirm 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我提前给酒店打了电话，以确认我的预订情况以及我即将出行时的接送服务事宜。此处confirm作目的状语，用不定式。故填to confirm。 12．After failing the mid-term exam, he was determined (revise) his notes carefully from then on. 【答案】to revise 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在期中考试失利之后，他从此下定决心要仔细复习笔记。此处为短语be determined to do sth.表示“下定决心做某事”。故填to revise。 13． (celebrate) the Lantern Festival, we decorate our windows with balloons and posters. 【答案】To celebrate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝元宵节，我们用气球和海报装饰窗户。句首用不定式To celebrate作目的状语，表达“为了庆祝”的含义，故填To celebrate。 14．Environmentalists and researchers work tirelessly (detect) signs of climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction, so they can take appropriate measures to address these issues.   【答案】to detect 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环保主义者和研究人员不知疲倦地工作，以发现气候变化、污染和栖息地破坏的迹象，以便他们能够采取适当措施解决这些问题。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了发现气候变化、污染和栖息地破坏的迹象”。故填to detect。 15．The team worked day and night (obtain) the final approval. 【答案】to obtain 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：这个团队日夜工作，为了获得最终批准。本句谓语为worked，此处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，表示“为了获得最终批准”，用动词不定式to obtain 。故填to obtain。 16． (prevent) the habitats of the wild animals from being damaged is very important for wildlife protection. 【答案】Preventing/To prevent 【详解】考查动名词和动词不定式。句意：保护野生动物的栖息地不受破坏对于保护野生动物来说至关重要。分析句子可知，句中is是整个句子的谓语，谓语前的部分为句子主语，此处为动名词短语作主语，表抽象、泛指的行为（强调“阻止野生动物栖息地被破坏”这一行为本身，是野生动物保护的通用重要举措）。也可为不定式短语作主语，表具体、将要发生的行为（强调“去做阻止栖息地被破坏这件事”，是需要主动去实施的具体行动）。句首单词首字母大写。故填Preventing/To prevent。 17．He knew he was in the wrong and wanted to (apology) for what he had done. 【答案】apologize 【详解】考查动词。句意：他知道自己错了，想为自己所做的事道歉。根据空前wanted to可知，此处是固定搭配want to do sth.“想要做某事”，所以空处应填动词原形apologize，与to构成不定式。故填apologize。 18．It is the duty of everyone of us (promote) traditional Chinese festivals. 【答案】to promote 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们每个人都有责任弘扬中国的传统节日。根据“It is the duty of everyone of us”可知，此处用固定句型“it is+名词（短语）+to do sth.”表示“做某事是……”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，空处应用promote“推广”的不定式形式。故填to promote。 19．To build a shared future countries must cooperate (promote) sustainable development. 【答案】to promote 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了构建共同的未来，各国必须开展合作以促进可持续发展。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to promote。 20．His ambition is (become) a professional pianist in the future. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to become 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的志向是未来成为一名职业钢琴家。当句子的主语是表示“目标、愿望、计划”等的抽象名词（如 ambition, dream, goal, wish 等）时，其表语通常用不定式（to do）来具体说明该目标的内容。故填to become。 二．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the bustling city of Suzhou, Jiangsu province, Li Jing, 38, has carved out a peaceful space — his studio, Shixianju (meaning “dwelling in leisure”), 1 he dedicates himself to his lifelong passion: handcrafting traditional Chinese round fans. Combining centuries-old techniques with modern aesthetics (艺术), Li’s creations have captivated a wide audience, 2 (gain) more than 2.72 million followers on China’s social media platform Weibo. His works 3 (appear) in fashion shoots and TV dramas as well. Li’ s interest in round fans began in high school when he fell in love with Peking Opera. “The costumes, poetic lyrics, and symbolic accessories (配饰) all reflect the artistry of this 4 (comprehend) art form,” he said. “Whoever appreciates Peking Opera can find a unique perspective, while I was particularly fascinated by the beautiful stage accessories, which aroused my desire 5 (collect) and restore fans.” According to Li, a round fan represents a 6 (combine) of ancient craftsmanship, integrating techniques for crafting the frame, designing patterns, making ribs and tassels, and attaching the fan surface. “ 7 its small size, the round fan holds endless creative possibilities,” he explained. “The surface can be made from materials like silk, and be decorated with calligraphy, painting, or embroidery (刺绣).” Among all techniques, Li’s favorite is kesi, or silk tapestry weaving (织锦), which is also the most complicated. 8 (know) for its careful craftsmanship, kesi involves weaving each colorful thread 9 (individual) to form detailed patterns, often creating lifelike imagery with 10 shiny, layered effect. 【答案】1．where 2．gaining 3．have appeared 4．comprehensive 5．to collect 6．combination 7．Despite 8．Known 9．individually 10．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在江苏省苏州市，38岁的李晶致力于手工制作中国传统圆扇经历。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：在繁华的江苏省苏州市，38岁的李晶开辟了一个宁静的空间——他的工作室“嗜闲居”（意为“休闲居住”），在那里他致力于毕生的爱好：手工制作中国传统圆扇。，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Shixianju”，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词“where”引导从句。故填where。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：李的创作将数百年的技术与现代美学相结合，吸引了广泛的观众，在中国社交媒体平台微博上获得了272多万粉丝。，句中有谓语动词“have captivated”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“Li’s creations”和“gain”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“gain”的现在分词“gaining”作状语。故填gaining。 3．考查时态。句意：他的作品也出现在时尚拍摄和电视剧中。根据上文“have captivated”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示影响，“works”和“have”连用，“appear”的过去分词为“appeared”，故空格处应填“have appeared”。故填have appeared。 4．考查形容词。句意：他说：“服装、诗意的歌词和象征性的配饰都反映了这种综合艺术形式的艺术性。”，“art form”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，“comprehensive”意为“综合性的”，形容词词性。故填comprehensive。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：“欣赏京剧的人都能找到独特的视角，而我特别着迷于美丽的舞台配饰，这激发了我收集和修复扇子的欲望。”句中有谓语动词“aroused”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“desire”为抽象名词，故空格处应用不定式“to collect”作后置定语，进行解释说明。故填to collect。 6．考查名词。句意：据李介绍，圆扇子代表了古代工艺的结合，融合了制作框架、设计图案、制作肋骨和流苏以及附着扇子表面的技术。“represents”为动词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“combination”意为“结合”，为可数名词，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。故填combination。 7．考查介词。句意：他解释说：“尽管它的体积很小，但圆扇拥有无限的创意可能性。”根据句意可知，空格处应用介词“despite”，意为“尽管”，后接名词作宾语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Despite。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：缂丝以其精湛的工艺而闻名，它涉及将每一根五颜六色的线单独编织成详细的图案，经常创造出具有一个闪亮、层次感效果的逼真图像。句中有谓语动词“involves”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“kesi”和“know”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“know”的过去分词“known”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Known。 9．考查副词。句意：缂丝以其精湛的工艺而闻名，它涉及将每一根五颜六色的线单独编织成详细的图案，经常创造出具有一个闪亮、层次感效果的逼真图像。“weaving”为非谓语动词，空格处应用副词，作状语，“individually”意为“单独地”，副词词性。故填individually。 10．考查冠词。句意：缂丝以其精湛的工艺而闻名，它涉及将每一根五颜六色的线单独编织成详细的图案，经常创造出具有一个闪亮、层次感效果的逼真图像。分析句子可知，句中泛指一个闪亮、有层次感的效果，故空格处应用不定冠词，表示泛指，“shiny”音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Chinese culture, colors speak louder than words. For over 3,000 years, people 1 (use) colors to express philosophical ideas and social values. The system originates from the Five Elements theory, which connects colors with 2 (nature) forces. Red, for instance, is seen 3 the color of luck since ancient times because it represents fire — the element that brings 4 (warm) and protection. During the Tang Dynasty, strict rules governed color use. Only emperors could wear bright yellow, 5 was believed to symbolize earth’s central position. Ordinary people were not allowed to use this color until 1912 when the last dynasty 6 (fall). Today, this tradition continues in understated ways. When you visit the Forbidden City, you’ll notice its golden roofs still shine under the sun, 7 (remind) visitors of China’s imperial past. Modern technology gives traditional colors new life. Designers of the 2022 Winter Olympics uniforms 8 (careful) studied ancient paintings to create their “Azure Blue” theme. Smartphone companies also play with cultural meanings — Huawei’s “Ink Jade” phone color 9 (inspire) by the black ink stones used by scholars. Interestingly, young people today are more actively learning about color traditions 10 often have them combined with Western styles. As an artist puts it, “Colors are like time travelers that connect different eras through beauty.” 【答案】1．have used 2．natural 3．as 4．warmth 5．which 6．fell 7．reminding 8．carefully 9．was inspired 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国文化中色彩的象征意义、历史演变及现代应用，体现了色彩在不同时代的文化内涵。 【详解】1．考查动词时态。句意：3000多年来，人们一直用色彩来表达哲学思想和社会价值观。根据时间状语“For over 3,000 years”可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语people是复数，所以用have used。故填have used。 2．考查形容词。句意：该体系源于五行理论，将颜色与自然力量联系起来。此处修饰名词forces，用nature的形容词natural，意为“自然的”。故填natural。 3．考查介词。句意：例如，自古以来，红色就被视为幸运的颜色，因为它代表火——带来温暖和保护的元素。此处为固定搭配be seen as，意为“被视为”，用介词as。故填as。 4．考查名词。句意：同上。此处作brings的宾语，用warm的名词warmth，意为“温暖”，为不可数名词。故填warmth。 5．考查定语从句。句意：只有皇帝才能穿亮黄色，这被认为象征着大地的中心地位。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为bright yellow，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 6．考查动词时态。句意：普通人直到1912年最后一个王朝灭亡才被允许使用这种颜色。根据时间状语“1912”可知，此处用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为fall的过去式fell。故填fell。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当你参观紫禁城时，你会注意到它的金色屋顶在阳光下仍然闪闪发光，提醒游客中国的帝国过去。此处为非谓语动词作状语，roofs与remind为主动关系，用现在分词reminding。故填reminding。 8．考查副词。句意：2022年冬奥会制服的设计师们仔细研究了古代绘画，以创造他们的“天青色”主题。此处修饰动词studied，用careful的副词carefully，意为“仔细地”。故填carefully。 9．考查动词语态。句意：智能手机公司也在发挥文化意义——华为的“墨玉”手机颜色灵感来自学者使用的黑砚台。此处为谓语动词，color与inspire为被动关系，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was inspired，be inspired by意为“受……启发”。故填was inspired。 10．考查连词。句意：有趣的是，今天的年轻人更积极地学习色彩传统，并经常将它们与西方风格结合起来。此处连接两个并列动作，用连词and。故填and。 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mahjong, a traditional Chinese tile-based game, has evolved from ancient card games over centuries. With its complex rules and 1 (strategy) depth, it has become not only a form of 2 (entertain) but also a cultural symbol that combines mathematics, memory, and social interaction. The game is played with 144 tiles (牌) 3 (carve) with Chinese characters, bamboo patterns, or dots. Players must build valid hands by combining tiles into sets—either identical triplets (pung) or sequential runs (chow). The challenge lies 4 predicting opponents’ moves while managing one’s own collection of tiles, requiring both luck and foresight. 5 (interest), mahjong has distinct regional variations. In Shanghai, for example, players often emphasize speed and quick calculations, while Cantonese mahjong 6 (feature) riskier betting systems. These differences reflect the diversity of Chinese culture, where even a game adapts to local preferences. In recent decades, mahjong has gained global popularity. It has appeared in international competitions and digital platforms, 7 gives rise to debates about its classification—as a sport, a game of chance, 8 an art form. Some argue that mastering mahjong demands skills comparable to chess, while others highlight its role as a social glue, 9 (bring) generations together. As mahjong continues to spread, its cultural significance deepens. It serves as 10 reminder that games, like languages, carry historical values that transcend time and borders. 【答案】1．strategic 2．entertainment 3．carved 4．in 5．Interestingly 6．features 7．which 8．or 9．bringing 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻将这一中国传统牌类游戏，包括其起源、规则、地区差异、全球流行情况以及文化意义。 1．考查形容词。句意：凭借其复杂的规则和深厚的策略性，麻将不仅成为了一种娱乐形式，更成为了一种融合了数学、记忆和社交互动的文化象征。空处为修饰名词用形容词形式，strategic意为“策略性的”。故填strategic。 2．考查名词。句意：凭借其复杂的规则和深厚的策略性，麻将不仅成为了一种娱乐形式，更成为了一种融合了数学、记忆和社交互动的文化象征。空处为名词形式担当介词后的宾语，意为“娱乐”。故填entertainment。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：麻将使用144张刻有汉字、竹纹或圆点的牌进行游戏。空处为非谓语动词形式担当后置定语；被修饰词“144 tiles”和动词“carve”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填carved。 4．考查固定短语。句意：挑战在于，玩家在管理自己手中的牌的同时，还要预测对手的出牌，这既需要运气，也需要远见卓识。空处为固定短语：lie in，意为“在于……”，符合句意。故填in。 5．考查副词。句意：有趣的是，麻将还具有明显的地域差异。空处为担当句子的状语，用副词形式，意为“有趣的是”；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Interestingly。 6．考查谓语动词。句意：例如，在上海，玩家往往强调速度和快速计算，而广东麻将则具有更冒险的赌注系统。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“Cantonese mahjong”，单数，和动词“feature”之间为主动关系。故填features。 7．考查定语从句。句意：它出现在国际比赛和数字平台上，引发了关于其分类的争论——是运动、赌博游戏，还是一种艺术形式。空处为定语从句的关系词；代指主句一句话，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 8．考查连词。句意：它出现在国际比赛和数字平台上，引发了关于其分类的争论——是运动、赌博游戏，还是一种艺术形式。空处为连词；空前“a sport, a game of chance”和空后为选择关系，用连词“or”连接。故填or。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：有人认为，精通麻将所需的技巧可与围棋相媲美，而另一些人则强调其作为社交粘合剂的作用，将不同代际的人聚集在一起。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；“a social glue”和动词“bring”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填bringing。 10．考查冠词。句意：它提醒我们，游戏就像语言一样，承载着超越时间和国界的历史价值。reminder为可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，用不定冠词形式，且reminder的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $