专题04 阅读理解（议论文）（北京专用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 初中英语二模议论文阅读汇编，精选北京各区试题，主题涵盖AI伦理、数字生活、自然连接等时代热点，注重思辨能力与语言理解的综合考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（议论文）|多篇（每篇3-4题）|细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等，如Passage 2推断家长对监测设备的态度|情境贴近现实（如数字评分、手作价值），问题梯度分明（基础信息到高阶思辨，如Passage 7探讨真实自我与成长）|

专题04 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （2026·北京·二模）When you hear the word “meek”, what do you picture? Most of us probably imagine someone who is shy, weak and always gives in to others. In this sense, meekness is seen as a bad thing. But for many of our ancestors, meekness was actually a virtue (美德). How could that be? Let’s look at a modern example. In 2018, a famous mixed martial arts (综合格斗) champion was having a meal at a restaurant with his family. At one point, a drunk man came in and started threatening the staff and customers. The champion, a trained fighter, could have easily knocked him out. But he didn’t. Instead, he calmly held the man down until security arrived. We see this same quality in a parent who stays calm even when their children are driving them crazy, or in a police officer who successfully calms down a tense situation. In all these cases, the person keeps control of their emotions, especially their anger. The key point is that these people are not weak. In fact, it is precisely because they know how powerful they are that they choose to hold back. This quality — having control over your own anger — used to be called “meekness”. We can still see an echo of this old meaning in horse training. To “meek” a horse means to train it to control its great power and obey its rider, rather than letting its wild emotions take over. So, in its original sense, meekness wasn’t about becoming weak. It was about putting your power under the control of your reason. This kind of self-control is essential for living a good life, but our modern language has lost a specific word for it. When we lose words for important human qualities, we also lose the ability to clearly imagine the goodness we want to see in ourselves and our loved ones. Without these words, we may face a kind of moral (道德上的) emptiness. You might think this isn’t a big deal. However, words do matter. Psychological studies showed that we are much more motivated by “approach goals” — like “I want to get healthy” or “I want to become financially stable” — than by “avoidance goals” like “I want to stop being sick” or “I don’t want to be poor.” “Approach goals” give us a clear, positive image to work toward. But to set these goals, we first need the right words to name the virtues we want to develop. 1．What do the famous champion and a calm parent have in common? A．They deal with problems with wisdom. B．They can control their emotions effectively. C．They care more about others than themselves. D．They show their great power to influence others. 2．What is the true original meaning of meekness? A．The custom of following powerful people. B．The act of hiding one’s feelings on purpose. C．The habit of staying away from disagreements. D．The use of one’s strength guided by good sense. 3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The right words for virtues help people set positive life goals. B．Modern language makes people face serious moral emptiness. C．We should create more new words to enrich our modern language. D．People are more encouraged by “don’t want” goals than “want” goals. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，纠正了人们对“温顺”一词的固有误解，阐述了它的原始内涵是掌控自身情绪与力量的美德，并论证了精准的词汇表达对树立正向人生目标的重要作用。 1．根据文章第三段“In all these cases, the person keeps control of their emotions, especially their anger.”可知，冠军和家长共同的特点是都能有效地控制自己的情绪。 2．根据文章第四段最后一句“It was about putting your power under the control of your reason.”可知，meekness 的真正原意是指力量受理智引导，与 D 选项“The use of one’s strength guided by good sense”意思一致。 3．根据文章最后一段最后一句“But to set these goals, we first need the right words to name the virtues we want to develop.”可推断出，拥有描述美德的正确词汇有助于人们设定积极的生活目标。 Passage 2 （2026·北京·二模）Your fitness watch tells you whether you slept well. The likes and shares on social media show how popular you are. Increasingly, numbers tell us how well we are doing. In a sense, they turn into moral judgments. As societies grow more diverse, traditional ideas about what makes a good life are weakening. People are beginning to form their own ideas of right and wrong from different sources, including scores and rankings (排名，排行). Even parenting, one of the most emotional human roles, is shaped by this logic. Wearable infant (婴儿) monitors translate babies’ breathing, oxygen levels and sleep patterns into charts and alerts (预警提醒). Some parents feel that if a device can watch a baby’s breathing all night, then a truly responsible person should use it. One mother said she felt guilty on nights when she forgot to charge the device—not because anything had gone wrong, but because she had failed to be watchful in the way companies now define good parenting. Another said, “If something happened and I didn’t have it on, I don’t know how I could live with myself.” The monitor had become less a tool and more a test. Parenting is only one example. Health apps turn exercise, sleep and heart rate into scores. Work platforms turn everyday tasks into charts and rankings. Rating systems give drivers, sellers and freelancers (自由职业者) a number to show how reliable they are. Measurement can be useful. However, scoring systems hide assumptions (主观假定) about what being responsible looks like and present them as facts. As these metrics (指标) spread, they shape our understanding of what it means to be a good person. Many of these systems are created by companies with their own interests. They don’t just measure what you do; they also try to change how you behave. The main goal is not to help you succeed, but to make sure your actions benefit those businesses. The next time you see your score and feel proud or uneasy, ask yourself: Whose idea of “good” is reflected here, and is it really the one I want to live by? 1．What does the underlined phrase “this logic” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Using numbers to judge people’s behavior. B．Weakening traditional ideas about a good life. C．Forming opinions according to one’s own feelings. D．Wearing devices to monitor daily body conditions. 2．What can we infer about the parents in Paragraph 4? A．They use devices to save their own energy. B．They seldom care about others’ parenting ideas. C．They feel relaxed with the help of modern devices. D．They consider the device a standard of good parenting. 3．According to the passage, what is companies’ purpose of using scoring systems? A．To push people to live a healthier life. B．To satisfy people’s practical demands. C．To make people’s actions meet business needs. D．To remind people to be responsible for their behaviors. 4．What does the writer suggest readers do in the passage? A．Use wearable devices properly. B．Trust scores from reliable companies. C．Don’t depend too much on digital measurements. D．Connect traditional ideas with scoring systems to make right judgments. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了现代社会中用数字、评分和排名来衡量个人行为与价值的现象，分析了这类量化方式如何影响人们的判断标准，并指出商业公司利用评分系统实现自身利益的本质，最后呼吁读者理性看待数字评价，反思其背后的价值导向。 1．根据文章第一段中“numbers tell us how well we are doing. In a sense, they turn into moral judgments.”提到数字告诉我们表现如何，在某种意义上，它们变成了道德评判以及第二段提到人们从分数和排名中形成对错观念，可知第三段划线部分“this logic”指代的是前文所述的“用数字来评判人们的行为”这一逻辑。 2．根据文章第四段中“failed to be watchful in the way companies now define good parenting”提到没能按照公司现在定义的好父母方式保持警惕以及“The monitor had become less a tool and more a test.”明确提到监控器已不再仅仅是一个工具，而更像是一场测试，可以推断出父母们将这些设备视为衡量好父母的标准。 3．根据文章第七段中“The main goal is not to help you succeed, but to make sure your actions benefit those businesses.”明确指出企业打造评分体系的主要目标不是帮助人们，而是让人们的行为为企业利益服务，即让人们的行为满足商业需求。 4．文章最后一段建议读者看到分数时要反思“这是谁定义的‘好’”，以及“是否真的是我想遵循的”，结合全文对评分系统隐藏假设及商业目的的揭示，作者意在建议读者不要过度依赖数字测量，应保持独立判断。 Passage 3 （2026·北京西城·二模）In 2025, researchers from the UK published a finding that humanity’s connection to nature has dropped by over 60% since 1800. This has serious outcomes for our ability to solve environmental problems. Our personal ties with nature can shape how we take care of our local environments and how we act on bigger problems like climate change. Disconnection from nature also influences our shared future in less noticeable ways. Our personal relationship with the natural world is necessary for our mental (心理的) health and even our connection to one another. In an age of rising distrust and loneliness, we need connection to nature more than ever. What It Means to Belong in Nature Belonging is not only about social connection. It’s also about how we’re connected to the physical world. As recent studies show, spending time in green and blue spaces lowers stress, improves sleep, and helps children with attention and creativity. Time in natural settings is also necessary to our ability to connect. When we’re cut off from natural settings, it’s hard to really listen, to care, or to put ourselves in another person’s shoes. What’s more, nature can offer us sensory richness and a sense of awe (敬畏), which also strengthens our ability to connect. Is It Possible to Turn Things Around? We need to restore our ties with nature, but we also need to do something much more fundamental (根本的). We need to fall back in love with the natural world. It’s about responsible dependence. We depend on our places, so we owe (欠) them our care. To belong in nature is to be in relationship. That means receiving gifts from the lands and waters where we live, while taking responsibility for their long-term well-being. This is a relationship that we call “reciprocal.” And that’s what belonging is all about. Then how do we return to this relationship with nature? I’ve seen many solutions. For example, there is a land-based project in Canada that teaches fishing, natural medicine, and local history alongside traditional language, which rebuilds a lived relationship to home while passing responsibility from elders to their children. There are many practical examples that are scalable (可扩展的) around the world. Cities should spend more on street trees, pocket parks, and safe wildlife passages. Schools and communities should consider early-childhood programs: forest and gardening education, and ways for parents to help their kids learn about nature. Of course, the work of falling back in love with nature is up to each one of us. It’s valuable to have our own practices of paying attention and finding connection to the place we call home. Belonging is about feeling our place in the greater whole. 1．What can we learn about the human-nature connection from the passage? A．Creative children usually connect with nature more easily. B．Disconnection from nature weakens our ability to relate to others. C．To belong in nature requires us to build more social connections. D．Rising distrust and loneliness are caused by losing touch with nature. 2．What does the word “reciprocal” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Benefiting each other. B．Going one-way. C．Working independently. D．Changing all the time. 3．How does the writer develop his ideas in this passage? A．State an idea → Prove it with examples → End with an opinion B．Introduce two cases → Explain differences → Give a final point C．Present a problem → Explain why it matters → Offer ways to solve it D．Show a problematic event → Describe causes → Make predictions 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文指出人类与自然的联系自1800年以来大幅下降，阐述了人与自然脱节的负面影响，解释了“归属自然”的内涵，并提出了重建人与自然联系的方法。 1．根据文章“When we’re cut off from natural settings, it’s hard to really listen, to care, or to put ourselves in another person's shoes.”可知，与自然隔绝会削弱我们与他人建立联系的能力。 2．根据画线词前的内容“That means receiving gifts from the lands and waters where we live, while taking responsibility for their long-term well-being.”可知，这种关系是双向的、互惠的。选项A“Benefiting each other”符合语境。 3．文章第一段和第二段提出了人类与自然联系下降的问题（Present a problem）；第三段和第四段解释了这种联系对心理健康和人际交往的重要性（Explain why it matters）；第五段至最后一段提供了恢复这种联系的具体方法和建议（Offer ways to solve it）。选项C符合文章结构。 Passage 4 （2026·北京通州·一模）Fear of failure is one of the most common emotions that hold people back from running after their dreams, which prevents them from taking risks and trying new things. The fear of being seen as a failure often drives people to stay within their comfort zones. It is human nature to feel afraid of failure, but letting this fear control us can limit our growth greatly. When we understand and accept failure’s role in our journey, we can face challenges with a more positive attitude, and gain wisdom from our experiences. Viewing failure as a learning opportunity can lead to profound personal growth and development. Instead of feeling discouraged when things go wrong, we can choose to view setbacks as necessary steps toward success. This mindset shift is important for building resilience (韧性) —it empowers us to see difficulties as lessons to learn from, not barriers (阻碍) to stop us. Building resilience through failure is a key part of growing into a capable person. It actually offers valuable chances to reflect and improve. When we use failure as a catalyst (催化剂) for career growth, we learn to adapt to change, stick to our goals through hard times, and find new paths to what we want to achieve. This way of thinking gives us the strength and resolve to overcome life’s difficulties. Failure also helps improve our creativity and problem-solving skills. When we accept that failure is a natural part of learning, we open our minds to new ideas and possibilities. This encourages us to think outside the box, test new ways, and expand our abilities. Adapting to failure to get better results leads to innovation (创新) and growth, turning our mistakes into meaningful lessons. The journey of embracing (拥抱) failure is exemplified by real-life examples, both of individuals and companies. Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks. These examples prove that embracing failure can lead to amazing growth and success. To truly gain from failure, we need simple, actionable plans. First, create a safe space where it’s okay to take risks and make mistakes—this lets us try new things without fear. Second, take time to analyze (分析) what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later. Most importantly, choose a growth mindset: see setbacks as chances to learn, not as proof of our limits. In the end, embracing failure is important for both personal and career growth. With a positive attitude toward failure, we can overcome challenges, learn valuable lessons, and build a more successful and fulfilling life. 1．According to the passage, which is a good way to face failures? A．Avoiding taking any risks to prevent mistakes. B．Viewing failures as barriers when things go wrong. C．Analyzing what caused the failures to avoid repeating them. D．Staying in the comfort zones to stop moving forward. 2．What are Paragraphs 3-4 mainly talking about? A．New findings in building resilience. B．The rules for finding new paths to success. C．The best solutions to life’s problems. D．The role of failure in personal growth. 3．What does the word “conquering” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Getting through. B．Staying away from. C．Finding out. D．Giving up. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．People should avoid failures in order to achieve success. B．People should turn failures into growth opportunities. C．People should accept failures to take more risks. D．People should be in a safe place to avoid making mistakes. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了恐惧失败对人的阻碍，以及拥抱失败的重要意义，阐述了失败在个人成长、韧性培养、创造力提升等方面的作用，并给出了从失败中获益的具体方法，告诉人们应将失败转化为成长的机会。 1．文章第六段指出“Second, take time to analyze what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later.”，说明面对失败的一个好方法是分析失败的原因，避免再次犯类似的错误。 2．第三段主要讲了通过失败培养韧性是成长为有能力的人的关键部分，失败能提供反思和改进的机会，助力职业成长；第四段主要讲了失败有助于提高创造力和解决问题的能力，能让人开放思维、尝试新方法。两段均围绕“失败在个人成长中的作用”展开。 3．文章第五段提到“Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks.”，结合语境可知，成功的个人从过去的错误中学习，同样，发展壮大的创新公司通常也有克服许多挫折的历史。由此可推测“conquering”意为“克服、度过”。 4．文章开篇点明恐惧失败会阻碍人们追求梦想，随后阐述了将失败视为学习机会能促进个人成长、培养韧性、提升创造力，还给出了从失败中获益的方法，结尾总结拥抱失败对个人和职业成长都很重要。整体核心是告诉人们应该将失败转化为成长的机会。 Passage 5 （2026·北京大兴·一模）The use of AI companions (伴侣) is growing quickly. Companies offer people AI friends, and many people now use chatbots as someone to talk to. This is not surprising. AI companions offer something that no human relationship can—intimacy (亲密关系) without risk. They never blame you for a bad day. They don’t get angry. And they don’t judge you. They listen patiently and seem to always understand you. This lack of friction (摩擦) is attractive, because real human relationships are hard. In real life, people often misunderstand each other. We may argue, or even hurt each other. These experiences are not pleasant, but they are unavoidable. That is why many people are attracted to AI — it seems to offer all the good parts of a relationship without the difficult ones. However, this “perfect” experience may not be good for us. According to the psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott, a parent who always meets their child’s every need perfectly doesn’t produce a thriving child; they produce a dependent one. Children do not grow well in a perfectly frictionless environment. It is small, manageable failures that actually help children learn patience and become stronger. Similarly, we also need imperfect relationships to grow. When we only choose easy and comfortable connections, we may stop developing important skills. For example, we may become less able to deal with stress, accept different opinions, or control our emotions. AI provides a “perfect” relationship with no arguments or discomfort, but it removes the friction that helps us improve. More importantly, new ideas and creativity often come from disagreement and challenge. When everything runs smoothly without any friction, people may not try to think deeper or do better. While AI can be asked to challenge us, that’s friction on demand (需要)—friction we can control and we can always stop when we feel uncomfortable. Real creative friction is different. It’s from a mind that sees things another way. We can’t control or stop it especially when an idea has its weakness exposed. It forces us to rethink. So what meaningful steps can we take to protect the friction? First, we can start by noticing when you turn to AI just for comfort. Also, instead of avoiding difficult conversations, learn to stay with them. Ask others for honest opinions and really listen. Finally, keep at least one relationship fully human. AI can simulate (模拟) friendship, but it cannot replace real human relationships. Though imperfect, real human relationships are where growth happens — through friction. To replace it with comfort would be a great loss. 1．How does the writer explain why many people are attracted to AI in Paragraph 2? A．By describing the pleasant experiences with AI. B．By comparing AI with real human relationships. C．By telling a story of using chatbots as friends. D．By introducing the popularity of AI companions. 2．The word “thriving” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．strictly following all rules B．always depending on others C．willing to try new things D．able to stand on one’s own feet 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of real creative friction? A．Ask AI for new ideas but stop when upset. B．Read articles that agree with you. C．Talk to a friend who finds your mistakes. D．Use chatbots to fix your ideas nicely. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to develop real human relationships. B．To show the advantages of AI companions in daily life. C．To teach children how to become more independent. D．To advise people to use AI companions wisely. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍人工智能伴侣的流行原因，分析其弊端，强调真实人际摩擦对成长与创造力的重要性。 1．第二段说明：“AI companions offer something that no human relationship can — intimacy without risk”，作者先阐述人工智能伴侣无争执、善倾听、无矛盾的特点，再对比现实人际关系易误会、易争吵、易彼此伤害的现状，通过两者对比解释人们被人工智能吸引的缘由。 2．第三段说明：“a parent who always meets their child’s every need perfectly doesn’t produce a thriving child; they produce a dependent one”，句中把“thriving child”和“dependent one”形成正反对比，dependent表示“依赖他人的”，可推知thriving有“独立自强、能够自立”的含义。 3．第五段介绍：“Real creative friction is different. It’s from a mind that sees things another way...It forces us to rethink”，真正具有创造性的思想碰撞来自视角不同、能指出自身不足并促使人反思的真实人际交流。 4．最后一段归纳主旨：“AI can simulate friendship, but it cannot replace real human relationships. Though imperfect, real human relationships are where growth happens — through friction”，作者全文论证人工智能伴侣无法替代真实人际关系，呼吁人们珍惜并用心经营真实的人际情感。 Passage 6 （2026·北京房山·一模）When you travel, do you map out every site ahead of time and stick to the plan, making sure you don’t miss anything? Or do you only make simple preparations and then do whatever you feel like during the trip? The difference being considered is that between planning and spontaneity (随性). Some may argue strongly that a well-structured plan is the safer, more trustworthy way. Others hold that spontaneity, with its openness to surprise, is the truer way to experience life. The answer, I suppose, is that neither is always better. It depends on the situation, and more importantly, on what we hope to get out of it. When launching a spacecraft into space, careful planning is beyond question, for a mistake could lead to disaster. But when playing football with children in the backyard, a strict game plan would feel out of place, for spontaneity allows the joy of the moment to take over. The same activity can call for different ways depending on its purpose. Both planning and spontaneity come with their own risks. Over-planning may cause us to focus so much on covering every detail (细节) that we forget to enjoy the experience itself. This can happen when we take too many pictures of famous sites, only to realize later that we never truly enjoy them. On the other hand, a willingness to “wing it” can sometimes turn small mistakes into costly ones. For example, an unplanned hike without enough water may turn a pleasant afternoon into a difficult one. Thus, neither way is always better. What matters is knowing the risks of each and choosing the one that fits the situation. Yet planning and spontaneity need not be opposites. Even in highly structured settings, there is room for the unplanned. A symphony orchestra (交响乐团) performs from written music, yet a conductor may make small changes to the way the music is played based on the feel of the moment. Jazz musicians, famous for their improvisation (即兴创作), still begin with a basic structure. In both cases, planning provides the base, while spontaneity brings it to life. So, which is better? The question itself may be too simple. What matters is not choosing one over the other, but understanding when each is called for, and how they can work together. Recognizing this allows us to make wiser decisions, but only when we are willing to look closely at our own choices and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer mention two different examples in Paragraph 3? A．To stress that careful planning is necessary. B．To prove that spontaneity works better in daily life. C．To explain that the situation decides whether to plan or be spontaneous. D．To show that planning is more difficult than being spontaneous. 2．What do the words “wing it” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Do things carelessly. B．Act without preparation. C．Go against rules. D．Take unnecessary risks. 3．Which of the following shows a balance between planning and spontaneity? A．Sticking to a strict timetable. B．Following a cookbook step by step. C．Making a to-do list but keeping the order flexible. D．Going out right after seeing the nice weather. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Planning and Spontaneity: Hidden Risks B．Planning and Spontaneity: Both Have a Place C．Planning over Spontaneity: The Key to Success D．Spontaneity before Planning: The Path to Happiness 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了生活中“规划”和“随性”的关系，指出两者没有绝对的好坏，需要根据具体情况灵活选择，二者可以互补。 1．第3段举了两个例子：发射航天器需要周密计划，后院踢球则适合随性发挥。原文提到“The same activity can call for different ways depending on its purpose.”，说明情境和目的决定了用哪种方式。 2．第4段的“wing it”和后文的“unplanned hike”对应，意思是“毫无准备地行动”，所以选B。 3．题目要求找“规划和随性平衡”的选项：A、B只体现了规划；D只体现了随性；C“列待办清单但不固定顺序”，既有规划，又保留了灵活调整的空间，符合“平衡”的要求。 4．全文核心观点是“规划和随性各有适用场景，都有价值”，所以B选项“Planning and Spontaneity: Both Have a Place”最贴合主旨。 Passage 7 （25-26九年级下·北京海淀·期中）“Just be yourself” is among the most common pieces of advice we hear. We often think that what feels easy and comfortable must be our authentic (真实的) selves. When we try something new, we may feel like we are not being our true selves. For example, you stay quiet in discussions because you’ve accepted that you’re “not the forward-thinking type”. In this case, the so-called authenticity is actually the unchanging belief in your default patterns (默认模式), even if those patterns are keeping you stuck. Then, what does true authenticity mean? True authenticity is not just about staying stuck in your usual patterns, but about acting in line with what you care about most. You don’t lose yourself when you practice new ways of thinking and behaving. Instead, you become more attuned to what your goals require. And according to the latest Personality Science, it is believed that we can change our features purposefully to better match a life we value. Changing personality features actually means stepping out of your comfort zone (区域) and pushing you to grow beyond your limits, like bravely voicing your ideas in discussions. When you start to do so, you may feel untrue and uncomfortable, thinking that “This just isn’t me” or “I don’t want to be someone I’m not”. However, such discomfort doesn’t mean that you’re inauthentic, but it is a natural feeling when you step outside of your comfort zone. So, is it possible to stay authentic while actively trying to change? Of course. At first sight, accepting your true self and making a change may appear to be opposites. But they are not. Accepting yourself means getting clear about how you typically think, feel, and behave, while also understanding why those patterns may have developed. Change, on the other hand, is not about turning against yourself. Instead, it’s about reflecting (反思) on whether your present habits and patterns fit the life you truly want to live. Your story could be like this: It makes sense I’m guarded around others because I’ve been hurt before, but that could be another story: Even though being guarded has protected me, it is also keeping me from developing the close relationships I want, so I have to be more active in socializing. Remember: to be authentic is not to stay frozen in your old patterns. It’s to grow into the version of yourself that matters most. Be brave to push beyond your limits! 1．What does the underlined phrase “attuned to” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Matched with. B．Dependent on. C．Interested in. D．Separate from. 2．According to the writer, which behavior best shows “true authenticity”? A．Play basketball with support from parents. B．Refuse to lead a group for fear of mistakes. C．Stay quiet around strangers due to shyness. D．Share good ideas even when feeling nervous. 3．Which idea would the writer most probably agree with? A．Natural changes follow self-understanding. B．Growth comes from breaking through limits. C．Reflection on oneself leads to self-acceptance. D．New ways of thinking matters more than behaving. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To list views on leaving the comfort zone. B．To explain the importance of true authenticity. C．To encourage positive changes out of old patterns. D．To share personal experiences of self-improvement. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文解读了“真实地做自己”的含义，指出真正的真实并非固守旧习惯，而是突破舒适区、做出积极改变，成长为自己想成为的人。 1．第二段提到“You don’t lose yourself when you practice new ways of thinking and behaving.”你尝试新的思维和行为方式时，并没有失去自我，中间“Instead”转折，后文要表达的是“你的行为会更契合目标的要求”，因此“attuned to”意为“与……匹配/贴合”，对应A项。 2．文中第二段“True authenticity is not just about staying stuck in your usual patterns, ... Changing personality features actually means stepping out of your comfort zone and pushing you to grow beyond your limits, like bravely voicing your ideas in discussions. ”明确指出真正的真实是突破舒适区，为了在乎的事做出改变，比如在讨论中勇敢说出想法。D项“即使紧张也分享好想法”符合定义。 3．文章反复强调“走出舒适区、突破极限、做出改变”的重要性，最后一段“Remember: to be authentic is not to stay frozen in your old patterns ... Be brave to push beyond your limits!”也号召勇敢地突破极限吧！B项“成长来自突破极限”直接对应这一核心观点。 4．文章通过重新定义“真实自我”，打破“真实就是固守旧习惯”的误区，最终目的是鼓励读者突破舒适区、做出积极改变，成长为更好的自己。C项“鼓励突破旧模式的积极改变”准确概括了这一目的。 Passage 1 （2026·北京大兴·二模）When I was a teenager, I was a big music fan. Yet feeding that love was no easy matter. It took countless small efforts to find ways of listening to my favorite songs. But it’s much easier to find music nowadays. I can just speak into my phone and it does the rest. This is definitely progress. But let’s be careful, too—because sometimes, it’s important to pay a price for getting things. We tend to think of effort as a cost or an unpleasant thing. In fact, in addition to being a cost, effort is sometimes doing very important things for us. It is how we turn events into experience and how we turn information into knowledge. Without it, things pass through us; but when we put the work in, we gain skills, meaning and understanding. However, not every effort is worthy. So, rather than completely refusing effort or always praising it blindly, we need to start to understand when effort matters and when it doesn’t. The difference is not between effort and ease but between effort that holds us back and effort that forms us. Some difficulties are unnecessary. They are the extra burdens (负担) tied to an activity: typing instead of speaking, moving files from one place to another. These tasks may consume (消耗) time and attention, but they do not normally deepen understanding or sharpen judgment. Other difficulties are different. They are not attached (磨砺) to the activity from the outside; they are part of what the activity is. Writing in your own words is how you discover what you think. Working through a math problem is how you learn to see structure. Here, the effort is not a block between you and the result. It is the process through which the result becomes yours. Accordingly, how can we keep the right kind of friction (摩擦) in our life? Pause before choosing the easiest answer. Sometimes a brief pause can help you tell the unnecessary trouble from meaningful effort. You may also ask yourself: Is this saving me effort or saving me from growth? This simple question truly gets to the heart of the problem. Besides, take small active actions in daily life: taking notes instead of passively highlighting, cooking without completely following a recipe. The goal of these practices is not to make life harder, but to preserve the healthy friction. Convenience is one of modern life’s great gifts, and we should use it gratefully. But we must not let it take away the very struggles that teach us and shape us. The challenge, then, is not to refuse ease, but to think wisely about which difficulties are still worth choosing. 1．What is Paragraph 3 probably used for? A．To offer an example to support the topic. B．To sum up the ideas of former paragraphs. C．To stress the main topic of the passage. D．To connect the paragraphs above and below. 2．What are Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about? A．The reasons why people prefer an easy life. B．The proper attitude towards modern convenience. C．The best way to avoid unnecessary daily burdens. D．The difference between two types of difficulties in life. 3．What does the word “preserve” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Reduce. B．Afford. C．Keep. D．Improve. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．What We Lose When Nothing Is Hard B．What We Learn When Life Is Easy C．Why We Fail When We Meet Difficulties D．How We Succeed If We Refuse Ease 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，探讨了现代生活的便利性与“努力”“困难”的价值，强调并非所有努力都有意义，我们需要区分无意义的负担和能塑造我们的磨砺，并在便利中保留那些有益的挑战。 1．根据第3段“However, not every effort is worthy. So, rather than completely refusing effort or always praising it blindly, we need to start to understand when effort matters and when it doesn’t.”可知，第3段承接上文对“努力价值”的讨论，引出下文对“区分不同类型困难”的论述，起到承上启下的作用。 2．根据第4段“The difference is not between effort and ease but between effort that holds us back and effort that forms us. Some difficulties are unnecessary... Other difficulties are different.”可知，第4、5段主要区分了两种困难：阻碍我们的无意义负担和塑造我们的有意义磨砺。 3．根据第6段“The goal of these practices is not to make life harder, but to preserve the healthy friction.”可知，此处指这些做法的目的不是让生活更难，而是“保持/保留”有益的磨砺，“preserve”意为“保持”，与“keep”意思相近。 4．全文围绕“现代生活的便利性让我们远离了许多困难，但这些困难恰恰是塑造我们的关键”展开，探讨了当生活变得毫无挑战时，我们所失去的东西，选项A“What We Lose When Nothing Is Hard”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 2 （2026·北京顺义·二模） In a modern economy focused on efficiency, growth and digital convenience, the act of knitting a scarf, woodcarving or mending a torn shirt seems like something old-fashioned. This view is shortsighted. Taking part in handwork is a necessary practice that restores cognitive (认知) balance, builds personal resilience (适应力), and keeps a human-centered spirit in the digital world. We should actively seek to learn and practice “useless” hand skills because their value cannot be measured on a spreadsheet. The first and most personal argument is neurobiological (神经生物学的). Handwork creates a unique cognitive state often described as “flow” or “the zone”, but with an important physical element. The movements of handwork activate the brain’s motor cortex and sensory systems and require lasting, active focus and fine motor control. This balanced mind-hand activity pulls people away from the digital world, grounding them in controllable reality. Unlike digital materials, the physical work brings a strong sense of achievement. Handwork also pushes back against a throwaway, consumer-driven culture that leads to passive helplessness. In an age where people replace broken items instead of repairing them, learning basic hand skills is a small act of resistance to waste. It rebuilds practical ability — the confidence that comes from being able to control your physical environment to solve a problem, shifting people from passive consumers to active creators. On a community and cultural level, handwork carries intergenerational knowledge and builds noncommercial connection. Elderly people teach traditional hand skills to young kids, passing down life experience from one generation to another. Groups such as knitting circles break down social barriers in ways digital communication never can. Handmade items, often given as gifts, hold deep emotional and relational value, preserving real, heartfelt cultural bonds (纽带). Moreover, handwork develops patient, iterative thinking that is fading (逐渐消失) in the quick-fix digital world. It requires trying again and again and making small changes to get better. Unlike screen tasks with easy undo buttons, handwork teaches planning and patience. It also teaches us to see “mistakes” as a lesson in resilience and problem-solving that applies far beyond the workshop. Efficiency is not the only measure of a meaningful life. In an increasingly automated, virtual society, handwork is a form of cognitive and spiritual care. It brings back our connection to the physical world, builds practical strength and reminds us we are creators, not just consumers. These “useless” hand skills are, in truth, necessary and important to preserving our humanity. 1．Which one can show the cultural value of handwork? A．It turns passive users into creative makers. B．It makes wisdom flow between different ages. C．It helps people improve practical working skills. D．It gives people a chance to keep the brain active. 2．What does the underlined word “iterative” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Progressive. B．Creative. C．Active. D．Positive. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Handwork improves people’s mental health. B．Handwork keeps people away from digital pleasure. C．Handwork enables people to reconnect with real life. D．Handwork provides people with great material wealth. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to become active creators. B．To call on the public to protect traditional culture. C．To stress the value of hand skills in modern society. D．To show handwork’s influence on personal development. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了看似过时的手工技艺在数字化现代社会极具价值，它有益身心、转变消费观念、传承文化、锤炼思维，是守护人性、联结现实的重要方式。 1．根据第四段“On a community and cultural level, handwork carries intergenerational knowledge and builds noncommercial connection. Elderly people teach traditional hand skills to young kids, passing down life experience from one generation to another.”可知，此处提到手工技艺承载代际知识，老人向孩子传授技艺、传递人生经验，对应“智慧在不同年龄层流转”。 2．根据第五段“Moreover, handwork develops patient, iterative thinking that is fading (逐渐消失) in the quick-fix digital world. It requires trying again and again and making small changes to get better.”可知，手工需要反复尝试、不断微调来精进技艺。iterative意为“反复的、循序渐进的”。 3．根据第二段“This balanced mind-hand activity pulls people away from the digital world, grounding them in controllable reality.”和最后一段“It brings back our connection to the physical world, builds practical strength and reminds us we are creators, not just consumers.”可知，手工让人重新联结现实生活。 4．本文开篇反驳“手工过时”的看法，随后从身心、消费、文化、思维四大角度，全方位论述手工在现代社会的多重价值，结尾再次升华观点，选项C符合。 Passage 3 （2026·北京门头沟·二模）Is lying ever morally (道德上) acceptable? Generally speaking, lying can be harmful to society because it can have a negative influence on trust. However, avoiding lying seems impossible because humans have the habit of self-deception (自欺), and society also needs to keep a certain persona. Before making a judgement, let us examine this complex (复杂的) issue more closely. Defining a lie is surprisingly challenging. While dishonesty is wrong, must all lies be considered wrong? Thinkers like Kant argued that a society that supports lies will lose its sense of unity (整体). They view honesty as a complete duty that cannot be broken. However, history suggests that lying is sometimes a suitable choice to keep necessary social unity. Think about “white lies”. In some situations, a kind lie seems better than a painful truth. For example, telling a lie might prevent a friend from worrying unnecessarily or losing confidence. While strict moralists find it hard to support this, many people argue that the results matter. If a lie protects someone’s feelings without causing real harm, perhaps it is the right choice. Furthermore, dramatic situations challenge the ban (禁令) on lying. Sometimes, a small lie can avoid serious results without causing any loss. Consider the situation in which someone is outraged, out of control, and asks you where she can find a relative of yours so that she can harm that relative. You know where the relative is and lying will help her calm down: should you tell the truth? Here, the lie plays a greater role. If you think carefully, there are many situations where lying might be the right choice. And in real life, people often accept lies told in such situations. People can also fall into self-deception. We comfort ourselves with the thought that our excuses are reasonable, even though they aren’t. Besides, our culture includes masking ourselves. For example, makeup and wonderful clothes can cover our true selves, and these are socially accepted ways to change our appearance. In fact, some activities like cosplay just celebrate this kind of human nature by showing different sides of ourselves. In conclusion, although lying generally harms the foundation of trust, the moral issue is not black and white. We should spare no effort to stay true to ourselves and be honest in our daily lives. However, in some situations, if a “white lie” is the only way to avoid serious harm or save a life, then such a lie may be acceptable. Real wisdom lies in knowing the difference. 1．What can be inferred about Kant’s view on lying? A．Lying is sometimes necessary to keep social unity. B．The key to keeping society together is to avoid white lies. C．The loss of social unity is caused by the lack of self-deception. D．Social unity depends on strictly following the basic duty of honesty. 2．What does the underlined word “outraged” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Quite angry. B．Slightly worried. C．Deeply confused. D．Totally indifferent. 3．Why does the writer mention makeup, wonderful clothes and cosplay in Paragraph 5? A．To explain that people are encouraged to hide their true selves. B．To prove that self-cheating only happens when people make excuses. C．To show that hiding reality by appearance is a culturally accepted lie. D．To stress that our society should refuse the act of masking our inner selves. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Avoid the Spread of Lies B．Take a Wise Point to Lying C．Explore the Harm of Lying D．Prove the Benefits of White Lies 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕“说谎在道德上是否可接受”这一复杂问题展开讨论。文中分析了不同类型的说谎情况，如善意的谎言、在极端情况下说谎的合理性，还提到人类自欺的本性以及文化中掩饰自我的现象。 1．根据第二段中“Thinkers like Kant argued that a society that supports lies will lose its sense of unity (整体). They view honesty as a complete duty that cannot be broken.”可知，Kant认为支持说谎的社会将会失去整体感，他将诚实视为不可违背的完全义务。由此可推断出，社会的团结依赖于严格遵循诚实这一基本义务。 2．找到需猜测词义的单词在文中的位置，定位至第四段中“Consider the situation in which someone is outraged, ...”，根据单词所在句中的“out of control, and asks you where she can find a relative of yours so that she can harm that relative”可知，此处指的是这个人处于失控状态，并且想要找到你的一个亲戚去伤害他。结合上下文，画线单词的意思是“愤怒的”。 3．根据第五段中“People can also fall into self-deception...For example, makeup and wonderful clothes can cover our true selves, and these are socially accepted ways to change our appearance.”可知，人们也会陷入自欺，利用化妆品、漂亮衣服等能隐藏真实的自我，这些是社会所接受的改变外貌的方式。由此可推断出，作者提到这些是为了表明通过外表隐藏现实是一种文化上被接受的谎言。 4．文章整体在探讨说谎的道德性，强调要认识到说谎并非绝对错误，在特定情况下善意的谎言是可接受的，也就是要以一种明智的观点来看待说谎。B选项“Take a Wise Point to Lying”意为“对撒谎采取明智的态度”，准确概括了文章主旨。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文） Passage 1 （2026·北京·二模）When you hear the word “meek”, what do you picture? Most of us probably imagine someone who is shy, weak and always gives in to others. In this sense, meekness is seen as a bad thing. But for many of our ancestors, meekness was actually a virtue (美德). How could that be? Let’s look at a modern example. In 2018, a famous mixed martial arts (综合格斗) champion was having a meal at a restaurant with his family. At one point, a drunk man came in and started threatening the staff and customers. The champion, a trained fighter, could have easily knocked him out. But he didn’t. Instead, he calmly held the man down until security arrived. We see this same quality in a parent who stays calm even when their children are driving them crazy, or in a police officer who successfully calms down a tense situation. In all these cases, the person keeps control of their emotions, especially their anger. The key point is that these people are not weak. In fact, it is precisely because they know how powerful they are that they choose to hold back. This quality — having control over your own anger — used to be called “meekness”. We can still see an echo of this old meaning in horse training. To “meek” a horse means to train it to control its great power and obey its rider, rather than letting its wild emotions take over. So, in its original sense, meekness wasn’t about becoming weak. It was about putting your power under the control of your reason. This kind of self-control is essential for living a good life, but our modern language has lost a specific word for it. When we lose words for important human qualities, we also lose the ability to clearly imagine the goodness we want to see in ourselves and our loved ones. Without these words, we may face a kind of moral (道德上的) emptiness. You might think this isn’t a big deal. However, words do matter. Psychological studies showed that we are much more motivated by “approach goals” — like “I want to get healthy” or “I want to become financially stable” — than by “avoidance goals” like “I want to stop being sick” or “I don’t want to be poor.” “Approach goals” give us a clear, positive image to work toward. But to set these goals, we first need the right words to name the virtues we want to develop. 1．What do the famous champion and a calm parent have in common? A．They deal with problems with wisdom. B．They can control their emotions effectively. C．They care more about others than themselves. D．They show their great power to influence others. 2．What is the true original meaning of meekness? A．The custom of following powerful people. B．The act of hiding one’s feelings on purpose. C．The habit of staying away from disagreements. D．The use of one’s strength guided by good sense. 3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs? A．The right words for virtues help people set positive life goals. B．Modern language makes people face serious moral emptiness. C．We should create more new words to enrich our modern language. D．People are more encouraged by “don’t want” goals than “want” goals. Passage 2 （2026·北京·二模）Your fitness watch tells you whether you slept well. The likes and shares on social media show how popular you are. Increasingly, numbers tell us how well we are doing. In a sense, they turn into moral judgments. As societies grow more diverse, traditional ideas about what makes a good life are weakening. People are beginning to form their own ideas of right and wrong from different sources, including scores and rankings (排名，排行). Even parenting, one of the most emotional human roles, is shaped by this logic. Wearable infant (婴儿) monitors translate babies’ breathing, oxygen levels and sleep patterns into charts and alerts (预警提醒). Some parents feel that if a device can watch a baby’s breathing all night, then a truly responsible person should use it. One mother said she felt guilty on nights when she forgot to charge the device—not because anything had gone wrong, but because she had failed to be watchful in the way companies now define good parenting. Another said, “If something happened and I didn’t have it on, I don’t know how I could live with myself.” The monitor had become less a tool and more a test. Parenting is only one example. Health apps turn exercise, sleep and heart rate into scores. Work platforms turn everyday tasks into charts and rankings. Rating systems give drivers, sellers and freelancers (自由职业者) a number to show how reliable they are. Measurement can be useful. However, scoring systems hide assumptions (主观假定) about what being responsible looks like and present them as facts. As these metrics (指标) spread, they shape our understanding of what it means to be a good person. Many of these systems are created by companies with their own interests. They don’t just measure what you do; they also try to change how you behave. The main goal is not to help you succeed, but to make sure your actions benefit those businesses. The next time you see your score and feel proud or uneasy, ask yourself: Whose idea of “good” is reflected here, and is it really the one I want to live by? 1．What does the underlined phrase “this logic” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Using numbers to judge people’s behavior. B．Weakening traditional ideas about a good life. C．Forming opinions according to one’s own feelings. D．Wearing devices to monitor daily body conditions. 2．What can we infer about the parents in Paragraph 4? A．They use devices to save their own energy. B．They seldom care about others’ parenting ideas. C．They feel relaxed with the help of modern devices. D．They consider the device a standard of good parenting. 3．According to the passage, what is companies’ purpose of using scoring systems? A．To push people to live a healthier life. B．To satisfy people’s practical demands. C．To make people’s actions meet business needs. D．To remind people to be responsible for their behaviors. 4．What does the writer suggest readers do in the passage? A．Use wearable devices properly. B．Trust scores from reliable companies. C．Don’t depend too much on digital measurements. D．Connect traditional ideas with scoring systems to make right judgments. Passage 3 （2026·北京西城·二模）In 2025, researchers from the UK published a finding that humanity’s connection to nature has dropped by over 60% since 1800. This has serious outcomes for our ability to solve environmental problems. Our personal ties with nature can shape how we take care of our local environments and how we act on bigger problems like climate change. Disconnection from nature also influences our shared future in less noticeable ways. Our personal relationship with the natural world is necessary for our mental (心理的) health and even our connection to one another. In an age of rising distrust and loneliness, we need connection to nature more than ever. What It Means to Belong in Nature Belonging is not only about social connection. It’s also about how we’re connected to the physical world. As recent studies show, spending time in green and blue spaces lowers stress, improves sleep, and helps children with attention and creativity. Time in natural settings is also necessary to our ability to connect. When we’re cut off from natural settings, it’s hard to really listen, to care, or to put ourselves in another person’s shoes. What’s more, nature can offer us sensory richness and a sense of awe (敬畏), which also strengthens our ability to connect. Is It Possible to Turn Things Around? We need to restore our ties with nature, but we also need to do something much more fundamental (根本的). We need to fall back in love with the natural world. It’s about responsible dependence. We depend on our places, so we owe (欠) them our care. To belong in nature is to be in relationship. That means receiving gifts from the lands and waters where we live, while taking responsibility for their long-term well-being. This is a relationship that we call “reciprocal.” And that’s what belonging is all about. Then how do we return to this relationship with nature? I’ve seen many solutions. For example, there is a land-based project in Canada that teaches fishing, natural medicine, and local history alongside traditional language, which rebuilds a lived relationship to home while passing responsibility from elders to their children. There are many practical examples that are scalable (可扩展的) around the world. Cities should spend more on street trees, pocket parks, and safe wildlife passages. Schools and communities should consider early-childhood programs: forest and gardening education, and ways for parents to help their kids learn about nature. Of course, the work of falling back in love with nature is up to each one of us. It’s valuable to have our own practices of paying attention and finding connection to the place we call home. Belonging is about feeling our place in the greater whole. 1．What can we learn about the human-nature connection from the passage? A．Creative children usually connect with nature more easily. B．Disconnection from nature weakens our ability to relate to others. C．To belong in nature requires us to build more social connections. D．Rising distrust and loneliness are caused by losing touch with nature. 2．What does the word “reciprocal” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Benefiting each other. B．Going one-way. C．Working independently. D．Changing all the time. 3．How does the writer develop his ideas in this passage? A．State an idea → Prove it with examples → End with an opinion B．Introduce two cases → Explain differences → Give a final point C．Present a problem → Explain why it matters → Offer ways to solve it D．Show a problematic event → Describe causes → Make predictions Passage 4 （2026·北京通州·一模）Fear of failure is one of the most common emotions that hold people back from running after their dreams, which prevents them from taking risks and trying new things. The fear of being seen as a failure often drives people to stay within their comfort zones. It is human nature to feel afraid of failure, but letting this fear control us can limit our growth greatly. When we understand and accept failure’s role in our journey, we can face challenges with a more positive attitude, and gain wisdom from our experiences. Viewing failure as a learning opportunity can lead to profound personal growth and development. Instead of feeling discouraged when things go wrong, we can choose to view setbacks as necessary steps toward success. This mindset shift is important for building resilience (韧性) —it empowers us to see difficulties as lessons to learn from, not barriers (阻碍) to stop us. Building resilience through failure is a key part of growing into a capable person. It actually offers valuable chances to reflect and improve. When we use failure as a catalyst (催化剂) for career growth, we learn to adapt to change, stick to our goals through hard times, and find new paths to what we want to achieve. This way of thinking gives us the strength and resolve to overcome life’s difficulties. Failure also helps improve our creativity and problem-solving skills. When we accept that failure is a natural part of learning, we open our minds to new ideas and possibilities. This encourages us to think outside the box, test new ways, and expand our abilities. Adapting to failure to get better results leads to innovation (创新) and growth, turning our mistakes into meaningful lessons. The journey of embracing (拥抱) failure is exemplified by real-life examples, both of individuals and companies. Successful individuals often say their achievements come directly from the lessons they learned from past mistakes. Similarly, innovative companies that have grown big usually have a history of conquering many setbacks. These examples prove that embracing failure can lead to amazing growth and success. To truly gain from failure, we need simple, actionable plans. First, create a safe space where it’s okay to take risks and make mistakes—this lets us try new things without fear. Second, take time to analyze (分析) what went wrong and figure out how to avoid similar mistakes later. Most importantly, choose a growth mindset: see setbacks as chances to learn, not as proof of our limits. In the end, embracing failure is important for both personal and career growth. With a positive attitude toward failure, we can overcome challenges, learn valuable lessons, and build a more successful and fulfilling life. 1．According to the passage, which is a good way to face failures? A．Avoiding taking any risks to prevent mistakes. B．Viewing failures as barriers when things go wrong. C．Analyzing what caused the failures to avoid repeating them. D．Staying in the comfort zones to stop moving forward. 2．What are Paragraphs 3-4 mainly talking about? A．New findings in building resilience. B．The rules for finding new paths to success. C．The best solutions to life’s problems. D．The role of failure in personal growth. 3．What does the word “conquering” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Getting through. B．Staying away from. C．Finding out. D．Giving up. 4．What does the writer want to tell us? A．People should avoid failures in order to achieve success. B．People should turn failures into growth opportunities. C．People should accept failures to take more risks. D．People should be in a safe place to avoid making mistakes. Passage 5 （2026·北京大兴·一模）The use of AI companions (伴侣) is growing quickly. Companies offer people AI friends, and many people now use chatbots as someone to talk to. This is not surprising. AI companions offer something that no human relationship can—intimacy (亲密关系) without risk. They never blame you for a bad day. They don’t get angry. And they don’t judge you. They listen patiently and seem to always understand you. This lack of friction (摩擦) is attractive, because real human relationships are hard. In real life, people often misunderstand each other. We may argue, or even hurt each other. These experiences are not pleasant, but they are unavoidable. That is why many people are attracted to AI — it seems to offer all the good parts of a relationship without the difficult ones. However, this “perfect” experience may not be good for us. According to the psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott, a parent who always meets their child’s every need perfectly doesn’t produce a thriving child; they produce a dependent one. Children do not grow well in a perfectly frictionless environment. It is small, manageable failures that actually help children learn patience and become stronger. Similarly, we also need imperfect relationships to grow. When we only choose easy and comfortable connections, we may stop developing important skills. For example, we may become less able to deal with stress, accept different opinions, or control our emotions. AI provides a “perfect” relationship with no arguments or discomfort, but it removes the friction that helps us improve. More importantly, new ideas and creativity often come from disagreement and challenge. When everything runs smoothly without any friction, people may not try to think deeper or do better. While AI can be asked to challenge us, that’s friction on demand (需要)—friction we can control and we can always stop when we feel uncomfortable. Real creative friction is different. It’s from a mind that sees things another way. We can’t control or stop it especially when an idea has its weakness exposed. It forces us to rethink. So what meaningful steps can we take to protect the friction? First, we can start by noticing when you turn to AI just for comfort. Also, instead of avoiding difficult conversations, learn to stay with them. Ask others for honest opinions and really listen. Finally, keep at least one relationship fully human. AI can simulate (模拟) friendship, but it cannot replace real human relationships. Though imperfect, real human relationships are where growth happens — through friction. To replace it with comfort would be a great loss. 1．How does the writer explain why many people are attracted to AI in Paragraph 2? A．By describing the pleasant experiences with AI. B．By comparing AI with real human relationships. C．By telling a story of using chatbots as friends. D．By introducing the popularity of AI companions. 2．The word “thriving” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A．strictly following all rules B．always depending on others C．willing to try new things D．able to stand on one’s own feet 3．According to the passage, what is a good example of real creative friction? A．Ask AI for new ideas but stop when upset. B．Read articles that agree with you. C．Talk to a friend who finds your mistakes. D．Use chatbots to fix your ideas nicely. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to develop real human relationships. B．To show the advantages of AI companions in daily life. C．To teach children how to become more independent. D．To advise people to use AI companions wisely. Passage 6 （2026·北京房山·一模）When you travel, do you map out every site ahead of time and stick to the plan, making sure you don’t miss anything? Or do you only make simple preparations and then do whatever you feel like during the trip? The difference being considered is that between planning and spontaneity (随性). Some may argue strongly that a well-structured plan is the safer, more trustworthy way. Others hold that spontaneity, with its openness to surprise, is the truer way to experience life. The answer, I suppose, is that neither is always better. It depends on the situation, and more importantly, on what we hope to get out of it. When launching a spacecraft into space, careful planning is beyond question, for a mistake could lead to disaster. But when playing football with children in the backyard, a strict game plan would feel out of place, for spontaneity allows the joy of the moment to take over. The same activity can call for different ways depending on its purpose. Both planning and spontaneity come with their own risks. Over-planning may cause us to focus so much on covering every detail (细节) that we forget to enjoy the experience itself. This can happen when we take too many pictures of famous sites, only to realize later that we never truly enjoy them. On the other hand, a willingness to “wing it” can sometimes turn small mistakes into costly ones. For example, an unplanned hike without enough water may turn a pleasant afternoon into a difficult one. Thus, neither way is always better. What matters is knowing the risks of each and choosing the one that fits the situation. Yet planning and spontaneity need not be opposites. Even in highly structured settings, there is room for the unplanned. A symphony orchestra (交响乐团) performs from written music, yet a conductor may make small changes to the way the music is played based on the feel of the moment. Jazz musicians, famous for their improvisation (即兴创作), still begin with a basic structure. In both cases, planning provides the base, while spontaneity brings it to life. So, which is better? The question itself may be too simple. What matters is not choosing one over the other, but understanding when each is called for, and how they can work together. Recognizing this allows us to make wiser decisions, but only when we are willing to look closely at our own choices and take responsibility for what we see. 1．Why does the writer mention two different examples in Paragraph 3? A．To stress that careful planning is necessary. B．To prove that spontaneity works better in daily life. C．To explain that the situation decides whether to plan or be spontaneous. D．To show that planning is more difficult than being spontaneous. 2．What do the words “wing it” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Do things carelessly. B．Act without preparation. C．Go against rules. D．Take unnecessary risks. 3．Which of the following shows a balance between planning and spontaneity? A．Sticking to a strict timetable. B．Following a cookbook step by step. C．Making a to-do list but keeping the order flexible. D．Going out right after seeing the nice weather. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Planning and Spontaneity: Hidden Risks B．Planning and Spontaneity: Both Have a Place C．Planning over Spontaneity: The Key to Success D．Spontaneity before Planning: The Path to Happiness Passage 7 （25-26九年级下·北京海淀·期中）“Just be yourself” is among the most common pieces of advice we hear. We often think that what feels easy and comfortable must be our authentic (真实的) selves. When we try something new, we may feel like we are not being our true selves. For example, you stay quiet in discussions because you’ve accepted that you’re “not the forward-thinking type”. In this case, the so-called authenticity is actually the unchanging belief in your default patterns (默认模式), even if those patterns are keeping you stuck. Then, what does true authenticity mean? True authenticity is not just about staying stuck in your usual patterns, but about acting in line with what you care about most. You don’t lose yourself when you practice new ways of thinking and behaving. Instead, you become more attuned to what your goals require. And according to the latest Personality Science, it is believed that we can change our features purposefully to better match a life we value. Changing personality features actually means stepping out of your comfort zone (区域) and pushing you to grow beyond your limits, like bravely voicing your ideas in discussions. When you start to do so, you may feel untrue and uncomfortable, thinking that “This just isn’t me” or “I don’t want to be someone I’m not”. However, such discomfort doesn’t mean that you’re inauthentic, but it is a natural feeling when you step outside of your comfort zone. So, is it possible to stay authentic while actively trying to change? Of course. At first sight, accepting your true self and making a change may appear to be opposites. But they are not. Accepting yourself means getting clear about how you typically think, feel, and behave, while also understanding why those patterns may have developed. Change, on the other hand, is not about turning against yourself. Instead, it’s about reflecting (反思) on whether your present habits and patterns fit the life you truly want to live. Your story could be like this: It makes sense I’m guarded around others because I’ve been hurt before, but that could be another story: Even though being guarded has protected me, it is also keeping me from developing the close relationships I want, so I have to be more active in socializing. Remember: to be authentic is not to stay frozen in your old patterns. It’s to grow into the version of yourself that matters most. Be brave to push beyond your limits! 1．What does the underlined phrase “attuned to” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Matched with. B．Dependent on. C．Interested in. D．Separate from. 2．According to the writer, which behavior best shows “true authenticity”? A．Play basketball with support from parents. B．Refuse to lead a group for fear of mistakes. C．Stay quiet around strangers due to shyness. D．Share good ideas even when feeling nervous. 3．Which idea would the writer most probably agree with? A．Natural changes follow self-understanding. B．Growth comes from breaking through limits. C．Reflection on oneself leads to self-acceptance. D．New ways of thinking matters more than behaving. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To list views on leaving the comfort zone. B．To explain the importance of true authenticity. C．To encourage positive changes out of old patterns. D．To share personal experiences of self-improvement. Passage 1 （2026·北京大兴·二模）When I was a teenager, I was a big music fan. Yet feeding that love was no easy matter. It took countless small efforts to find ways of listening to my favorite songs. But it’s much easier to find music nowadays. I can just speak into my phone and it does the rest. This is definitely progress. But let’s be careful, too—because sometimes, it’s important to pay a price for getting things. We tend to think of effort as a cost or an unpleasant thing. In fact, in addition to being a cost, effort is sometimes doing very important things for us. It is how we turn events into experience and how we turn information into knowledge. Without it, things pass through us; but when we put the work in, we gain skills, meaning and understanding. However, not every effort is worthy. So, rather than completely refusing effort or always praising it blindly, we need to start to understand when effort matters and when it doesn’t. The difference is not between effort and ease but between effort that holds us back and effort that forms us. Some difficulties are unnecessary. They are the extra burdens (负担) tied to an activity: typing instead of speaking, moving files from one place to another. These tasks may consume (消耗) time and attention, but they do not normally deepen understanding or sharpen judgment. Other difficulties are different. They are not attached (磨砺) to the activity from the outside; they are part of what the activity is. Writing in your own words is how you discover what you think. Working through a math problem is how you learn to see structure. Here, the effort is not a block between you and the result. It is the process through which the result becomes yours. Accordingly, how can we keep the right kind of friction (摩擦) in our life? Pause before choosing the easiest answer. Sometimes a brief pause can help you tell the unnecessary trouble from meaningful effort. You may also ask yourself: Is this saving me effort or saving me from growth? This simple question truly gets to the heart of the problem. Besides, take small active actions in daily life: taking notes instead of passively highlighting, cooking without completely following a recipe. The goal of these practices is not to make life harder, but to preserve the healthy friction. Convenience is one of modern life’s great gifts, and we should use it gratefully. But we must not let it take away the very struggles that teach us and shape us. The challenge, then, is not to refuse ease, but to think wisely about which difficulties are still worth choosing. 1．What is Paragraph 3 probably used for? A．To offer an example to support the topic. B．To sum up the ideas of former paragraphs. C．To stress the main topic of the passage. D．To connect the paragraphs above and below. 2．What are Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about? A．The reasons why people prefer an easy life. B．The proper attitude towards modern convenience. C．The best way to avoid unnecessary daily burdens. D．The difference between two types of difficulties in life. 3．What does the word “preserve” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Reduce. B．Afford. C．Keep. D．Improve. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．What We Lose When Nothing Is Hard B．What We Learn When Life Is Easy C．Why We Fail When We Meet Difficulties D．How We Succeed If We Refuse Ease Passage 2 （2026·北京顺义·二模） In a modern economy focused on efficiency, growth and digital convenience, the act of knitting a scarf, woodcarving or mending a torn shirt seems like something old-fashioned. This view is shortsighted. Taking part in handwork is a necessary practice that restores cognitive (认知) balance, builds personal resilience (适应力), and keeps a human-centered spirit in the digital world. We should actively seek to learn and practice “useless” hand skills because their value cannot be measured on a spreadsheet. The first and most personal argument is neurobiological (神经生物学的). Handwork creates a unique cognitive state often described as “flow” or “the zone”, but with an important physical element. The movements of handwork activate the brain’s motor cortex and sensory systems and require lasting, active focus and fine motor control. This balanced mind-hand activity pulls people away from the digital world, grounding them in controllable reality. Unlike digital materials, the physical work brings a strong sense of achievement. Handwork also pushes back against a throwaway, consumer-driven culture that leads to passive helplessness. In an age where people replace broken items instead of repairing them, learning basic hand skills is a small act of resistance to waste. It rebuilds practical ability — the confidence that comes from being able to control your physical environment to solve a problem, shifting people from passive consumers to active creators. On a community and cultural level, handwork carries intergenerational knowledge and builds noncommercial connection. Elderly people teach traditional hand skills to young kids, passing down life experience from one generation to another. Groups such as knitting circles break down social barriers in ways digital communication never can. Handmade items, often given as gifts, hold deep emotional and relational value, preserving real, heartfelt cultural bonds (纽带). Moreover, handwork develops patient, iterative thinking that is fading (逐渐消失) in the quick-fix digital world. It requires trying again and again and making small changes to get better. Unlike screen tasks with easy undo buttons, handwork teaches planning and patience. It also teaches us to see “mistakes” as a lesson in resilience and problem-solving that applies far beyond the workshop. Efficiency is not the only measure of a meaningful life. In an increasingly automated, virtual society, handwork is a form of cognitive and spiritual care. It brings back our connection to the physical world, builds practical strength and reminds us we are creators, not just consumers. These “useless” hand skills are, in truth, necessary and important to preserving our humanity. 1．Which one can show the cultural value of handwork? A．It turns passive users into creative makers. B．It makes wisdom flow between different ages. C．It helps people improve practical working skills. D．It gives people a chance to keep the brain active. 2．What does the underlined word “iterative” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Progressive. B．Creative. C．Active. D．Positive. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Handwork improves people’s mental health. B．Handwork keeps people away from digital pleasure. C．Handwork enables people to reconnect with real life. D．Handwork provides people with great material wealth. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to become active creators. B．To call on the public to protect traditional culture. C．To stress the value of hand skills in modern society. D．To show handwork’s influence on personal development. Passage 3 （2026·北京门头沟·二模）Is lying ever morally (道德上) acceptable? Generally speaking, lying can be harmful to society because it can have a negative influence on trust. However, avoiding lying seems impossible because humans have the habit of self-deception (自欺), and society also needs to keep a certain persona. Before making a judgement, let us examine this complex (复杂的) issue more closely. Defining a lie is surprisingly challenging. While dishonesty is wrong, must all lies be considered wrong? Thinkers like Kant argued that a society that supports lies will lose its sense of unity (整体). They view honesty as a complete duty that cannot be broken. However, history suggests that lying is sometimes a suitable choice to keep necessary social unity. Think about “white lies”. In some situations, a kind lie seems better than a painful truth. For example, telling a lie might prevent a friend from worrying unnecessarily or losing confidence. While strict moralists find it hard to support this, many people argue that the results matter. If a lie protects someone’s feelings without causing real harm, perhaps it is the right choice. Furthermore, dramatic situations challenge the ban (禁令) on lying. Sometimes, a small lie can avoid serious results without causing any loss. Consider the situation in which someone is outraged, out of control, and asks you where she can find a relative of yours so that she can harm that relative. You know where the relative is and lying will help her calm down: should you tell the truth? Here, the lie plays a greater role. If you think carefully, there are many situations where lying might be the right choice. And in real life, people often accept lies told in such situations. People can also fall into self-deception. We comfort ourselves with the thought that our excuses are reasonable, even though they aren’t. Besides, our culture includes masking ourselves. For example, makeup and wonderful clothes can cover our true selves, and these are socially accepted ways to change our appearance. In fact, some activities like cosplay just celebrate this kind of human nature by showing different sides of ourselves. In conclusion, although lying generally harms the foundation of trust, the moral issue is not black and white. We should spare no effort to stay true to ourselves and be honest in our daily lives. However, in some situations, if a “white lie” is the only way to avoid serious harm or save a life, then such a lie may be acceptable. Real wisdom lies in knowing the difference. 1．What can be inferred about Kant’s view on lying? A．Lying is sometimes necessary to keep social unity. B．The key to keeping society together is to avoid white lies. C．The loss of social unity is caused by the lack of self-deception. D．Social unity depends on strictly following the basic duty of honesty. 2．What does the underlined word “outraged” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Quite angry. B．Slightly worried. C．Deeply confused. D．Totally indifferent. 3．Why does the writer mention makeup, wonderful clothes and cosplay in Paragraph 5? A．To explain that people are encouraged to hide their true selves. B．To prove that self-cheating only happens when people make excuses. C．To show that hiding reality by appearance is a culturally accepted lie. D．To stress that our society should refuse the act of masking our inner selves. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Avoid the Spread of Lies B．Take a Wise Point to Lying C．Explore the Harm of Lying D．Prove the Benefits of White Lies / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（议论文） Passage1 1.B 2.D 3.A Passage2 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C Passage3 1.B 2.A 3.C Passage4 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B Passage5 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.A Passage6 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage7 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C Passage1（大兴二模） 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.A Passage2（顺义二模） 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C Passage3（门头沟二模） 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $