专题06 阅读理解（说明文）（北京专用）2026年中考英语二模分类汇编

**基本信息** 初中英语说明文阅读理解专题汇编，精选北京多区二模真题，涵盖AI技术、社会心理、健康科学等前沿话题，注重语言理解与思维能力的综合考查。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|约45题|细节理解（如蛇毒蛋白测试结果）、词义猜测（如“confirm”“anticipate”）、主旨归纳（如“呼吸的力量”标题选择）|情境具时代性（AI治蛇毒、微型机器人），问题设梯度（基础细节到推理判断），适配二模能力要求|

专题06 阅读理解（说明文） Passage1（石景山） 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B Passage2（石景山） 1.D 2.C 3.C Passage3（大兴） 1.B 2.C 3.C Passage4（平谷） 1.A 2.D 3.B Passage5（丰台） 1.C 2.A 3.B Passage6（昌平） 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A Passage7（昌平） 1.B 2.D 3.A Passage8（朝阳） 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D Passage9（房山） 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A Passage10（房山） 1.C 2.A 3.D Passage11（朝阳） 1.A 2.B 3.C Passage12 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D Passage1（西城） 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A Passage2（门头沟） 1.D 2.B 3.C Passage3（平谷） 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C Passage4（丰台） 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A Passage5（顺义） 1.B 2.D 3.B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·北京石景山·二模）Social setting shapes people’s thoughts in a simple but effective way. “Put your best foot forward” is great advice — what we learn first about someone has a strong influence. In an early experiment, Solomon Asch asked college students to read sentences like these and rate (评价) the person described: a. Steve is smart, hard - working, helpful, bossy, boring, and dishonest. b. Steve is bossy, boring, dishonest, smart, hard-working, and helpful. The two sentences have the same information about Steve. But the first lists positive words first, while the second puts them last. Students thought Steve was better when they read the first sentence. This is called the primacy effect — early information influences us more than later information. When you describe yourself, the words you use first can say as much about you as which words you use. For example, if you write in a job application that physics was your favorite college subject early on, employers may think you’re science-minded, hard-working, maybe a bit bookish — different from if you say it at the end. Edward Jones and his team did experiments to confirm this. Participants (参与者) watched an individual taking a 30-question intelligence test. Sometimes the person started well but performed worse later; at other times the person started slow but got better at the end. Those who started well were rated clever, even though all of them got the same number of correct answers. But Joshua Aronson and Edward Jones also found an exception to the primacy effect. College students coached people solving word puzzles (字谜). Half the coaches got a prize if their performers scored higher; the other half got a prize if performers improved long-term. Half performers started well then got worse; others started slow then improved (same total score). Coaches wanting higher scores thought performers who started well were smarter (primacy effect). But those focused on long-term improvement preferred increases in performance over time. Such findings suggest that if we focus on the long-term development of the students, rather than on how well they will do on the next test, we should refuse to make a quick judgment based on a first impression (印象). Still, in many situations, the primacy effect holds. That’s why beginnings matter. Why not use them to communicate better, build stronger relationships, and leave a lasting effect? First impressions shape how people remember you. 1．Why does the writer show Steve’s example at the beginning? A．To suggest a solution. B．To solve a word puzzle. C．To challenge a practice. D．To introduce a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “confirm” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Prove. B．Improve. C．Repeat. D．Translate. 3．What is a good example of using primacy effect wisely? A．Judging someone based on their first mistake. B．Focusing on final results when rating a performance. C．Saving your strongest point for the end of a presentation. D．Starting a job interview by clearly telling your key strengths. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Building Trust in Primacy Effect B．The Power of the Primacy Effect C．Development of Social Judgments D．Shaping Our Thoughts in Social Settings Passage 2 （2026·北京石景山·二模）Every year, millions of people suffer snakebites (蛇咬伤), yet treatments remain outdated, expensive and difficult to get. A new study led by scientists Timothy Jenkins from the Technical University of Denmark and David Baker from the University of Washington School of Medicine brings new hope: AI can design special proteins (蛋白质) to fight the deadly snake toxins (毒素). The research has done well in lab tests and may change how we treat snakebites in the future. Jenkins, who has studied snakebite treatments for years, was excited by the new finding. “The effect of AI on snakebite treatments is more important than we thought,” said Jenkins. He added that this research may offer a safer and faster way to help people bitten by snakes. Past research has shown that about 100,000 people die from snakebites every year. Traditional antivenoms (抗蛇毒血清) are the main treatment, but making them is risky, costly and takes a long time. This trouble made Jenkins think of using AI to design proteins to prevent snake toxins. Jenkins and his partner David Baker used a free AI tool called RFdiffusion to carry out this work. They tested the proteins in the lab and on 20 mice given enough snake toxins. Amazingly, all the mice remained alive, whether they got the proteins at the same time as the venom or 15 minutes later. When tested on human cell samples (样品), the proteins showed the same strong effects, successfully stopping the toxins from hurting human cells. Michael Hust, a scientist who studies antibodies at a German university, spoke highly of the results. He said the AI-designed proteins “work really well” in the tests but pointed out that more tests are needed to make sure they are safe for humans. Jenkins agreed and said the next step is to turn the proteins into a real treatment for people. This AI research is a big step forward in snakebite treatments. It solves many problems of traditional antivenom production. With more research, these AI-designed proteins may one day become a life - saving treatment, bringing hope to people in areas where snakebites are common. 1．What did Jenkins think of the effect of AI on snakebite treatments? A．It was still too early to prove the effect. B．It was exactly what people had expected. C．It gave less help than traditional methods. D．It had greater effect than people had realized. 2．What is mainly mentioned in Paragraph 4 about the AI-designed proteins? A．Its challenges. B．Its limitations. C．Its testing results. D．Its designing process. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Traditional antivenoms are cheap and easy to produce. B．Traditional treatments offer a safer way to treat snakebites. C．It’s unsure that AI-designed proteins are safe enough for humans. D．AI-designed proteins have been turned into a real treatment for people. Passage 3 （2026·北京大兴·二模） Many people wonder if there is a “best time” to exercise. A new study answers this question with a clear suggestion: instead of forcing yourself into a fixed schedule, you should match your workout with your own “chronotype”—your natural habit of sleeping or waking up at certain times. Whether you are a “lark” who wakes up early full of energy, or a “night owl” who feels more active later in the day, the key message is that exercise is most effective when it matches a person’s biological rhythm (韵律). Research shows that aligning (使一致) at least part of your workouts to your chronotype helps reduce risk factors for heart attacks and strokes, and it also improves sleep quality. But how do you know if you are a morning or evening person? Here is a simple test. After a long holiday over two weeks, do you still feel tired and hard to get up every morning? If yes, you are probably a night owl. Otherwise, you may be a lark. “A longer holiday gives us time to relax, catch up on sleep and return to natural sleep and wake times, so it can tell us a lot about our natural sleep-wake habits.” Dr Jeffrey Kelu says. If you are someone who wakes at 6 am ready to run, the best exercise time is between 7 am and 8 am. A study shows morning exercisers were 30 percent less likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and 31 percent less likely to have heart disease. Besides doing morning workouts, early risers are also advised to add small strength training at home in the evening, like chair squats and leg moves. Owls can save strength training for the evening because most sports science studies suggest that muscle performance peaks (达到高峰) in the afternoon or evening. However, evening types should still spend a little time outdoors in the morning. A short walk of just a few minutes can fix their body clock and keep their daily sleep routine regular. There is no one-size-fits-all best time of day to exercise but you should pay attention to how you feel and how well you recover at different times of the day. Alignment with biological preference is more important than the exact clock time. So, do what feels right for you. 1．Why should we match our exercise with our chronotype? A．It helps us save time and develop good habits. B．It reduces some health risks and improves sleep. C．It makes us stay energetic in the day. D．It helps us get used to fixed schedules. 2．According to the passage, what is the best example of working with chronotype? A．Zhao Lei, a lark, does a lot of strength training in the evening. B．Li Hua, a lark, schedules his main workout between 9 pm and 10 pm. C．Wang Fang, a night owl, takes a 10-minute walk outside in the morning. D．Zhang Ming, a night owl, runs for 30 minutes at 6 am every day. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to work out at a fixed time. B．To compare the differences between larks and owls. C．To advise people to follow their “clock” to exercise. D．To explain the proper time to change workout habits. Passage 4 （2026·北京平谷·二模）Imagine a tool you could use to help you improve the performance of your mind and body. Well, it is your lungs! By simply changing how fast or slow you breathe, you can get many benefits. Here are two main breathing methods: slow breathing and fast breathing. Slow breathing means breathing at a very slow speed—about six breaths a minute. That is half the normal rate (速率) or even less. This type of breathing helps you control stress, feel more relaxed, and think more clearly, especially in difficult situations, like before a test. Fast breathing means breathing at a much faster speed—about 25 to 60 breaths a minute. That is much faster than normal. This type of breathing helps you feel awake and full of energy. It gets you ready for challenging physical tasks, like a 100-meter race or lifting weights. When you breathe in, your heart rate speeds up, and when you breathe out, it slows down. This is normal and shows your heart is healthy. Have you ever been told to take a deep breath when you felt nervous? By doing that, you were slowing down your heart rate without knowing it, which helped you feel calmer. These changes are controlled by your nervous system. This system works by itself and has two parts. The “fight or flight” part makes you more active and awake. The “rest and digest” part makes you more relaxed. Your breathing can turn on different parts of this system. Slow breathing turns on the “rest and digest” part. It slows down your heartbeat and helps you feel calm. It also helps your brain work better, especially when you need to make decisions or control your feelings. Fast breathing turns on the “fight or flight” part. It speeds up your heartbeat and gets your body ready for action. More oxygen (O2) goes to your muscles, and you get more energy to meet challenges. For example, fast breathing is useful before a short race or lifting heavy things. Research has clearly shown that breathing methods are important for performance and well-being. When used correctly, they can have many positive effects. Think about how you can use your breath to change the way you think, feel, and act when you need to be your best. Remember—breathing is a superpower! 1．According to the passage, which breathing method should you use before a math competition? A．Slow breathing.B．Fast breathing. C．Normal breathing. D．Light breathing. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．People should use fast breathing when they feel nervous. B．Slow breathing works better than fast breathing in daily life. C．Breathing faster than 60 breaths a minute brings the most energy. D．Breathing methods affect the body by working on the nervous system. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Speed of Breathing B．The Power of Breathing C．The Ways to Change Your Mind D．The Ways to Control Your Feelings Passage 5 （2026·北京丰台·二模）Climate change and biodiversity (生物多样性) loss are two of the most important and urgent problems that our world is facing right now. Climate change means Earth’s weather patterns are changing and the planet is getting warmer because of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels (化石燃料). It is also one of the biggest causes of biodiversity loss, which means that animals and plants are disappearing from the planet. So, it is key to find solutions that help us live in a sustainable (可持续的) way and protect nature. To prevent climate change from getting worse, people have started using more renewable energies from natural resources, like wind, sunlight, water, or Earth’s heat. They are cleaner than fossil fuels and unlimited! While renewable energy might be the best way to stop climate change, sometimes it can cause problems for nature. The structures needed to produce renewable energy (such as solar panels, wind turbines, or dams) can change how nature works, hurt animals and plants, or take up too much space, changing the land and causing animals to move away. For example, birds can be killed by wind turbines. Dams can harm local wildlife and block fish migration (迁徙). These problems worsen when the structures are built in areas already affected by deforestation, hunting, or pollution. Since animals are all connected, losing one harms the whole ecosystem (生态系统) — and humans are no exception. Luckily, there are ways to reduce these harmful effects. First, planners can choose the best places to build renewable energy structures, avoiding untouched habitats (栖息地), breeding (繁殖) areas, and migration routes. Good spots for solar panels include rooftops or already-damaged (已破坏的) land which is no longer home to many animals. Once the structures are built, planners can also protect animals. For example, they can paint turbine blades to help birds see them better and avoid them, or build fish passage systems to help fish swim through. Even if these protective measures do not work perfectly, planners can compensate (弥补) by improving other habitats to help protect animals — such as adding nest boxes for birds or reducing threats like hunting and deforestation in nearby areas. We need renewable energy to fight climate change while protecting wildlife and their habitats. With careful planning and science, we can meet energy needs and keep nature safe. 1．What problem can renewable energy cause? A．Using more fuels. B．Warming the planet. C．Affecting the ecosystem. D．Wasting natural resources. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Placing nest boxes can be an effective measure to protect birds. B．Painted wind turbines can attract birds to get closer to see them. C．Building fish passage systems helps fish change their habitats. D．Undamaged land is usually a good place to build solar panels. 3．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Live Sustainably by Reducing Gas Output. B．Power the Planet without Harming Nature. C．Stop Climate Change without Hurting Animals. D．Avoid Biodiversity Loss by Reducing Pollution. Passage 6 （2026·北京昌平·二模）In a factory in Germany, something unusual is happening. Every machine on the production line is under the watch of intelligent sensors (智能传感器). If a robot uses too much electricity, the intelligent program will slow it down to reduce energy waste. If an important part begins to wear out, workers will get a warning before it breaks down. With these digital tools, the factory has not only cut its electricity use by 20% but also increased its production to a record high, showing the great power of joining technology and sustainability (可持续性). This is more than just a factory story. Experts name it the “twin transition (转型)”. It connects digital transition and sustainability in a way that not only focuses on using digital tools or saving energy. Instead, it aims to use digital technologies to help protect our planet. What makes this transition special is that it turns the once-separate goals of technological progress and environmental protection into a united task that benefits both businesses and the earth. The idea is already being used in the “digital twin”, a virtual replica (虚拟副本) of a real machine in which robots can practice and repeat difficult tasks again and again without wasting any materials or risking harm to real parts. The technology records all effective actions and removes ineffective ones. After enough virtual tests, the robot can perform perfectly in the real world. It cuts down material waste and stops breakdowns, which would need expensive repairs under normal conditions. However, the twin transition is not a perfect solution by itself. Although digital tools help people complete tasks with less effort and better results, people may end up using them more often, leading to increased energy use in the long run, a problem known as the “rebound effect.” Another challenge is the “digital divide.” Both developed and poorer areas have tried the twin transition, but poorer areas are short of high-speed Internet and practical digital skills. As a result, they cannot get the same benefits from the transition as developed areas do. To solve these problems, experts suggest that good leadership and proper education are key. Companies need leaders with an understanding of both technology and the natural world. Schools should teach students how to use digital tools to solve environmental problems. In fact, there is no need for technological progress to clash with nature. With the right actions, the twin transition will guide us toward a more sustainable and intelligent future. 1．Why does the writer talk about the factory in Germany in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a new idea. B．To prove a common view. C．To compare two situations. D．To advise on general matters. 2．According to the passage, what is a good example of the “twin transition”? A．Providing high-speed Internet to poor areas to close the digital divide. B．Training students to use digital tools to solve environmental problems. C．Using green energy to produce more electricity for industrial machines. D．Practicing tasks on a virtual copy of a machine to prevent material waste. 3．What does the underlined word “clash” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Mix. B．Trade. C．Fight. D．Connect. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A．Joining Technology and Nature: A New Way B．Going Green: A Smarter Way with Digital Tools C．Transition and Sustainability: Goals of Companies D．Digital Twin: A Virtual Replica for Robot Practice Passage 7 （2026·北京昌平·二模）About 50 years ago, recordings of whale songs touched people’s hearts. These beautiful sounds helped change public opinion and call for an end to whaling (捕鲸业). Today, scientists use microphones to record and study sounds in nature. This important science is called “soundscape ecology (声景生态学)”. By listening carefully, scientists can learn about the ecosystem, and also find out how human activities influence the lives of whales and other sea animals. Whales are like musicians in the sea. Their songs can last for up to 30 minutes and may be repeated for hours. Scientists have found that some changes happen as they grow older. For North Atlantic right whales, calls become clearer and longer with age, just like human musicians improving with practice. Whales have smart ways to protect themselves from natural enemies. Mia Nielsen’s research group studied right whale mothers and their babies, finding that they chose to live in shallow (浅的) waters. The noisy waves there can hide their sounds, so these whales make very soft and few calls to avoid being heard. Beyond these natural habits, the environment also plays a key role in changes in whale sounds. Take blue whales as an example: their calls are about 0.2 to 0.3 Hz higher during the Southern summer. Scientists believe this happens because there is more background noise at that time of year, mainly caused by the breaking of ice near Antarctica. Dr. Chou explains, “These records of whale sounds allow us to see how less sea ice and more ships may influence animals.” Scientists have also found that changes in whale sounds are related to the whaling ban (禁令). Researcher Leroy and his team suggested that, thanks to the whaling ban, blue whale populations have grown over recent years. With more whales living in the same areas, they can now easily hear one another without calling across long distances. Soundscape ecology is becoming increasingly important. Other than whales, it helps study many other animals. Rosenbaum’s team studied the Bering Sea for four years, recording over 33,000 sounds from different sea animals. This data helps scientists understand these animals and how climate and human activities influence them. This is the power of soundscape ecology: it turns the simple noise of the sea into a message that helps us understand animals and realize the serious effects of human activities on them. In this way, we can learn to live in peace with ocean life. 1．What method do scientists use to study nature in Paragraph 1? A．Searching for certain sea animals. B．Recording various natural sounds. C．Checking the level of ocean noise. D．Watching sea animals’ daily activities. 2．How do human activities influence whales according to the passage? A．Human hunting causes right whales to make very soft calls. B．The whaling ban has led blue whales to produce louder calls. C．Human ships force whales to move into deeper and quieter waters. D．Human activities increase ocean noise which influences whale calls. 3．Which of the following would summarize the value of soundscape ecology? A．It connects animal sounds with ecosystem changes. B．It presents the yearly changes in the ocean environment. C．It offers solutions to reduce human influence on the ecosystem. D．It provides ways to increase the population of animals in danger. Passage 8 （2026·北京朝阳·二模）Facial expressions are central to social life, yet scientists still don’t fully understand how the brain produces them. For many years, people thought that faces tell the truth about our feelings. But that view fails to explain why we often change our expressions to fit the moment. To find out what’s going on in the brain during facial expressions, researchers turned to monkeys. They recorded how the brain worked when the animals communicated with one another in the lab. The team’s results, published in Science, came as a surprise. The monkeys’ expressions, from a scary face to a friendly “lip-smacking”, were produced by both the medial cortex (内侧皮层) and lateral cortex (外侧皮层). These two brain areas were long thought to operate alone, but the study showed that both of them took part in the production of all kinds of facial expressions. The two areas did, however, run at different speeds. Activity in the lateral cortex changed quickly to control the fast facial movements that make for easy social connections. By comparison, things happened more slowly in the medial cortex, which may help it notice slow background changes that influence facial expressions. What’s more, both brain activities showed up before facial movements did, suggesting the brain prepares expressions ahead of time. This all raises a question: do monkeys plan the faces they make on purpose? That’s what experts explore in the new study. If facial expressions are partly controlled, they may not just show feelings. As researchers say, they might be tools to influence others. At the very least, they seem to result from complex (复杂的) connections between feelings and awareness. Alan Fridlund, an expert who was not part of this study, believes monkeys control their facial expressions carefully. But he doubts whether lab tests can fully show how monkeys communicate and the brain activity behind it. It is better to do future research in the monkeys’ natural environment. Still, Fridlund says, the new study “shows us more clearly how to learn about the brain science of facial expressions.” In general, it offers a new understanding of how facial expressions are made. 1．What does the study show about the medial cortex and lateral cortex? A．They operate at the same speed. B．They control fast facial movements. C．They both help produce facial expressions. D．They record brain activity during communication. 2．What can we learn from the study of monkeys’ facial expressions? A．Facial expressions depend on feelings. B．The brain prepares expressions beforehand. C．The study shows real monkey communication in nature. D．Scientists fully understand monkeys’ expression production. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Monkeys connect with others by making faces. B．Monkeys’ real feelings are shown through their faces. C．Monkeys may plan and control their expressions. D．Monkeys’ expressions depend on slow background changes. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To stress connections between feelings and awareness. B．To explain why monkeys’ expressions differ from humans’. C．To suggest more research in the monkeys’ natural environment. D．To introduce a study on monkeys’ brain control of facial expressions. Passage 9 （2026·北京房山·二模）People often look back on their life choices and imagine better possible results. When the real result is not as good as the imagined one, people may experience regret. Researchers have long been interested in studying this common feeling. One well-known study focused on the types of things people regret and whether they experienced more regret for things they did or did not do. Interestingly, for short-term regrets, they mostly talked about actions they had taken, such as saying silly words in public. For lifelong regrets, however, they mostly mentioned chances they had missed, like not valuing time with family members. These studies also showed something special. Very few people reported regret for something that they could not have personally changed. This means that if you don’t think you played a part in the result, you won’t feel regret. This is different from lots of other emotions like sadness, disappointment, or excitement, which people can feel even when they were not responsible for the situation that resulted in those feelings. This led scientists to believe that regret may help people see what went wrong with a decision and how to improve next time. In an experiment, 6-year-olds were told to choose between two locked boxes to win the prize that was inside. Most picked the box with a shorter wait and got two candies, but they learned they would have gotten four if they had chosen the other box. The next day, those who experienced regret the day before were more likely to wait longer. Experiencing regret helps people make better choices the next time they are faced with a similar decision. Even thinking about regret can help people make better choices in situations they have never experienced before. Lots of research has shown that, when it comes to making a decision, people will do what is called mental (心理的) time travel. This mental time travel allows people to anticipate future regret — they imagine themselves picking different options (选择) and how they would feel about each choice. Then, when it comes to actually deciding what to do in real life, they decide to go with the option they think will cause the smallest amount (数量) of regret. Regret is not our enemy. Wise people don’t get stuck in the past. They learn from it, accept it, and focus on the present. They let regret guide them, but they value today and make wiser choices ahead. 1．Why does the writer mention two kinds of regrets in Paragraph 2? A．To show a study result. B．To lead in a topic. C．To support a viewpoint. D．To point out a problem. 2．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Regret fails to help with decisions in new situations. B．Lifelong regrets usually come from things people did. C．Regret helps people improve in similar situations later. D．People often feel regret for things beyond their control. 3．What does the word “anticipate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Refuse. B．Stress. C．Prove. D．Expect. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To guide readers to face regret in a proper way. B．To show how people make decisions with regret. C．To advise people to avoid regretting things deeply. D．To explain why regret differs from other emotions. Passage 10 （2026·北京房山·二模）Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania have created some of the world’s smallest robots. The tiny, light-powered robots are smaller than a grain (粒) of salt. For many years, scientists have worked to make smaller and smaller robots. But as robots get small, they also become easily broken. The new robots have been designed without any moving parts. The scientists faced many challenges in developing such tiny robots. To power the robot, the team chose to use a solar panel (太阳能电池板). This allows a robot to run for months, powered only by light. But it also meant that they had to cover much of the robot with the solar panel, which didn’t leave room for much else. Scientists at the University of Michigan developed a super tiny computer that can be programmed and even has a memory. Once the robots are programmed, they can move on their own, with no outside control. These robots use very new technology, but each one costs only about one US cent. For a robot so tiny, moving through water is hard. Instead of pushing water like fish, the robots create a tiny electric field around themselves. This field makes the ions (离子) in the surrounding water move. When those ions move, they hit nearby water molecules (分子) and push on them. The moving water then carries the robot forward. The robots can sense the temperature of the water they’re in. They can also be programmed to swim toward warmer temperatures. Besides, the robots can send information to researchers through movement. For example, once a robot has sensed the temperature, it can do a little dance.Researchers watching through a microscope (显微镜) can then understand the dance to get the information. “It’s very similar to how honey bees communicate,” says David Blaauw, who developed the computer. The scientists say the project is only the first step. In the future, similar robots could be used to report on the health of cells (细胞) in the human body. And, though each robot is tiny, they can be programmed to work together to complete larger tasks as a group. 1．What is special about the tiny robots developed by the University of Pennsylvania? A．They swim like real fish. B．They can work without light. C．They have no moving parts. D．They communicate by sound. 2．What is mentioned about the tiny robots in Paragraph 5? A．Their basic abilities. B．Their building steps.C．Their production cost. D．Their design purposes. 3．What can we learn about the tiny robots from the passage? A．They cost much money to produce. B．They require outside control to move. C．They can be programmed to treat diseases. D．They can operate continuously for months. Passage 11 （2026·北京朝阳·二模）In 2026, Chinese space companies publicly said that China’s first commercial suborbital manned spacecraft (商业亚轨道载人飞船) would complete its test flight with passengers in 2028. It has quickly become a hot topic across the country. This commercial spacecraft is designed to fly up to 100 kilometers above Earth. The whole flight will last about 20 minutes, and passengers can enjoy 3-6 minutes of weightlessness when the craft reaches the highest point. It can carry 6-7 people. The whole spacecraft is built to be fully reusable so that the cost of space trips can be brought down greatly. However, developing such a reusable spacecraft faces many technical challenges. One of the biggest difficulties of the space capsule (太空舱) is its high-temperature protection set. It is asked to work well when the spacecraft returns to Earth. When the capsule re-enters the atmosphere (大气层), its surface temperature can reach more than 1400℃, so traditional spacecraft used high-temperature protection materials that could only be used once. To deal with this challenge, Chinese engineers have developed ceramic-based composite materials (陶瓷基复合材料). They can stand high temperatures and be reused many times without being changed. This key technology makes the spacecraft able to fly again in a short time and cuts down the cost that was once too high for common business projects. People who support this project believe that it can facilitate the development of China’s commercial space industry, encourage young people to learn science and show China’s progress in space technology. However, some people argue that most common families cannot afford the cost of the flight and there may still be some worries about flight conditions even with good technologies. In short, this commercial spacecraft project has a bright future. With the development of technology, the cost will be lower and the flight will be safer. It will surely bring more chances for China’s space industry. 1．What do you know about new materials for spacecraft? A．They can be reused many times for space trips. B．They make space trips affordable for common families. C．They help greatly reduce the surface heat of the capsule. D．They have taken the place of traditional ones in spacecraft. 2．What does the word “facilitate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Slow down. B．Push forward. C．Put off. D．Prepare for. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Development of the Space Project B．New Materials for a Spacecraft Project C．China’s New Commercial Space Project D．The Cost of a Commercial Space Project Passage 12 （2026·北京·二模）When you go to the park, you might notice many older people listening to audiobooks (有声书) instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective (有效的) as reading a book? Reading needs us to put all our attention on the words in a book, and we also need to find time and a place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get knowledge from audiobooks as effectively as we do from paper books? Researchers tried to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a paper book of the same information. It turned out that they got the same information, whether they listened to it or read it. Another study further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描) people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activates (激活) almost the same parts of the brain as reading does. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing several things at one time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well,” said Professor Daniel Willingham. 1．Why does the writer ask questions in Paragraph 1? A．To tell a story. B．To interest readers. C．To give an example. D．To show opinions. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Listening to an audiobook. B．Reading a paper book. C．Putting all our attention on words. D．Finding time to sit down and read. 3．What did the researchers do in the study? A．Scanned people’s eyes. B．Scanned people’s bodies. C．Scanned people’s arms. D．Scanned people’s brains. 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the use of audiobooks. B．To advise more people to listen to audiobooks. C．To express the importance of reading paper books. D．To discuss the effectiveness of the two ways of reading. Passage 1 （2026·北京西城·二模）You’ve probably pressed a like button many times today, or kept checking what you posted as the like count rises. But why do we like the like button so much? In 2018, neuroscientist Lauren Sherman and her team studied that question. They asked 58 teens to choose some photos they had posted recently. Each teen then viewed the photos chosen by the whole group on a specially-designed social media that included a like button. They did so while lying in an fMRI (功能磁共振成像) machine, which allowed researchers to see if the brain lit up when they hit the like button — and if so, what parts of it. Sure enough, there was activity, and a lot of it. In the experiment, when teens saw their own photos with many likes, their brains showed activity in many different areas. Notably, Sherman also found that viewing photos with many (compared with few) likes was related to greater brain activity. That means we don’t just like to receive likes; we also like things more when other people have liked them. Why do we like likes so much? According to Nicholas Christakis, a sociologist at Yale University, it is because “the like button is built on the back of evolutionary (进化的) biology.” All animals learn and evolve as they interact with a challenging world, from experience they get through trying and making mistakes, but only certain primates (灵长类动物) have the ability to learn from others’ experience. This social learning allowed early humans to raise their chances of survival by avoiding mistakes they saw others making, and copying the successful moves. This helps explain why human beings have the preference for “mild hierarchy” (轻微等级制度). In the animal world, animals become leaders by force. Humans, however, recognize the one from whom they learn most as the leader. Members follow standout performers considering what they have done and how well they share the lessons to be taken from their experience. The evolved social learning ability also helps develop our habits of expressing thankfulness. Because we are willing to keep learning, we show thankfulness in a way that encourages others to keep sharing. For example, we give likes to their posts. In turn, they respond to the likes they receive. It’s what keeps us sharing what we discover. All this explains why we have evolved to enjoy liking and being liked. What has been chosen in human evolution is not just physical characteristics, but also urges (冲动) and feelings. And this is the very deep psychological (心理的) area the like button was able to tap in to. Seeing likes come in gives us pleasure. Giving a like, knowing it will make someone happy, also makes us feel good. This is the key to the rise of the like button: Its popularity has very much to do with something fundamental in our biology. 1．Why does the writer introduce the experiment in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．To explain why seeing likes causes brain activity. B．To prove that liking behavior is supported by biology. C．To suggest a biological method to study brain activity. D．To stress the difference between giving and receiving likes. 2．According to the passage, what might social learning allow people to do? A．Respect those who rise to the top by force. B．Make more knowledgeable friends by giving likes. C．Use likes to encourage sharing what can be learned. D．Survive better by telling others how to correct mistakes. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Liking behavior results from the evolution of social media. B．Human’s social learning ability evolved first to choose leaders. C．Seeing our liked photos causes greater brain activity than seeing others’. D．The pleasure of liking and being liked has popularized the like button. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Humans Evolved to Like Likes B．The Evolution of Ways to Give Likes C．The Like Button Evolved with the Times D．Liked by Others: Human Evolution’s Driving Force Passage 2 （2026·北京门头沟·二模）The human brain may work more similarly to artificial intelligence (AI) than people expect. A surprising new study shows that our brains understand spoken language through a layered (分层的) and step-by-step process, which is similar to the way advanced AI language models work. This discovery reshapes long-held ideas about how we build meaning from speech and provides new views on the connection between human thinking and technology. Led by Dr. Ariel Goldstein from the Hebrew University, the research team worked with experts from Google Research and Princeton University. They used a special technology called electrocorticography to track (追踪) brain activity while people listened to a thirty-minute podcast (播客) about science and daily life. What they found was unbelievable: the order of the brain’s responses matched the layered design of AI models like GPT and DeepSeek. As we listen to a speech, the brain doesn’t understand everything at once. Instead, each word goes through a series of neural (神经的) steps in the brain. Early brain signals match the early steps in AI, which focus on basic word features such as pronunciation and spelling. Later, the responses in key language areas— such as Broca’s area—match the deeper layers in AI that bring broader meanings. For example, when you hear the word “apple”, you might first think of the word itself, and then connect it to fruit, food, or other things. “We were amazed to see how closely the brain’s step-by-step understanding matches how AI works,” said Dr. Goldstein. These findings challenge the traditional view that language depends on fixed rules and strict symbols. Instead, they suggest that meaning is built gradually and depends on different situations—just like AI models learn from lots of examples. Classic linguistic elements, such as phonemes (音素), can’t explain real-time brain activity as well as AI models do. This study not only changes our understanding of language but also has practical value. The team has shared a public data set of neural recordings, providing a powerful resource for scientists to develop more brain-like models. This research builds a bridge between AI and neuroscience and opens new ways to explore how our brains make sense of the world through language. It has great value in fields like language education and brain science. 1．How did the researchers carry out the experiment? A．They compared how different AI models work together. B．They studied the brain’s neural processes by studying phonemes. C．They developed brain-like AI models and tested them with a data set. D．They followed the testers’ brain activity as the testers listened to an audio program. 2．What can we know about the brain’s language processing method? A．It first thinks of some broader meanings. B．It builds meaning in a similar way to an AI model. C．It depends more on strict rules than on different situations. D．It fully understands the speech immediately after hearing it. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The gradually closer gap between AI technology and neuroscience. B．The importance of neural data sets for AI and neuroscience research. C．The study’s practical use and the new research directions it brings about. D．The methods to develop advanced AI models by using neural recordings. Passage 3 （2026·北京平谷·二模）Why Athletes Should Wear Light-Colored Clothing in Hot Weather Have you ever noticed that many athletes prefer light-colored clothes in hot summer? Most people think it is just a matter of fashion or personal habit. However, studies show that clothing color actually has a surprising influence on athletes’ performance in hot weather. Some people might think that the color of a T-shirt does not really matter. They may say, “It is just a color. How can it affect your performance?” But a recent study has proved this idea wrong. In fact, research has shown that wearing a black T-shirt in hot weather can hurt an athlete’s performance—not physically, but mentally. Scientists did research on young tennis players in 32℃ weather. They divided the players into two groups: one in white T-shirts and the other in black ones. Surprisingly, although both groups had the same body temperature and drank about the same amount of water, the players in black T-shirts felt very different. Players in black felt much more tired and uncomfortable. They even thought they were making greater efforts than they actually did. Why does this happen? The answer may lie in a common belief. Most people think that black clothing absorbs (吸收) more heat and makes you hotter. This belief is so strong that it can actually change how you feel during exercise. Even if players say they never pay attention to their T-shirt color, the belief still affects them. This shows that our minds can play tricks on us. Therefore, doing something as simple as choosing a white T-shirt over a black one can help athletes feel better and perform better in the heat. So, what should athletes do? The answer is clear and simple. First, always wear light-colored clothing when training outdoors on hot days. White, light gray, or light blue are good choices. Second, change your T-shirt if it gets too wet with sweat. Third, drink cool water regularly and take breaks in cool shade. These steps are easy to follow, but they can make a real difference. Some still doubt that such a small choice is not worth caring about. Some might argue that training harder is what really matters. Proper training is important, but we should never ignore (忽视) easy and useful ways to improve performance. Winning in sports often comes from small advantages. If wearing a white T-shirt can help you feel less tired and more comfortable, why would you not do it? All in all, light-colored clothes help athletes feel more comfortable and less tired in hot weather. Never let a simple choice of clothing color influence your state. Smart choices always support better performance. Choose white, feel better, and play your best. 1．According to the study on young tennis players, what’s the difference between the two groups? A．Players in black T-shirts drank more water to reduce heat. B．Players in white T-shirts made greater efforts in the training. C．Players in white T-shirts had lower body temperature than those in black. D．Players in black T-shirts felt more tired though their physical state was the same. 2．The underlined phrase “play tricks on” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．cheat B．protect C．challenge D．encourage 3．What does the writer think of the idea that “training harder is what really matters” in Paragraph 6? A．He doesn’t care about the idea and focuses on the study results. B．He completely agrees with it and thinks clothing color is unimportant. C．He disagrees with it and thinks training needs proper clothing to work. D．He thinks training is important, but small choices like clothing color also matter. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new study on athletes’ clothing color. B．To explain why black clothing makes people feel hotter. C．To advise athletes to wear light-colored clothing in hot weather. D．To argue that training is more important than clothing color. Passage 4 （2026·北京丰台·二模）When invited to something you don’t want to attend, you might find it hard to decline (拒绝). You worry saying “no” will upset the inviter, harm your friendship, or cost you future invitations. But are you worrying more than you should about saying “no”? These fears appear to be widespread. One study found that 77% of participants accepted unwanted invitations, fearing that declining would upset the inviters, reduce future invitations or have their own invitations declined. To explore this, researchers carried out a follow-up study. In the study, one group of people was asked to imagine turning down an invitation and then guess how the inviter would feel. Another group reported their actual feelings when someone declined their invitation. The results showed a clear asymmetry. Invitees worried that inviters would react negatively to a declined invitation, but inviters were surprisingly unaffected by the decline. In fact, people offering invitations are much more understanding—and less upset, angry or sad—than invitees expected. They also said they would be rather unlikely to let a single declined invitation stop them offering or accepting invitations in the future. The findings suggest that when declining an invitation, people often think that the inviter will focus on the cold, hard turndown. But in reality, the inviter focuses more on the invitee’s reasoning than on the refusal itself. The inviter typically believes the invitee carefully considered the invitation, which makes the decline feel less hurtful. Even so, it is still difficult to say “no”. Fortunately, there are a few things you can do. First, imagine that you were the one offering the invitation. The research shows that people are less likely to overestimate (高估) the negative effects of declining an invitation after they imagine how they would feel if someone turned down their invite. Second, give an honest reason for declining. People are more understanding when you explain why, especially if it’s about money. Honesty makes your response believable and shows you care about their invitation. Third, consider the “no but” strategy. You can decline one invitation while suggesting another activity, making it clear that the decline is directed at the event rather than at the inviter. Overall, the research suggests that if a person is not someone who frequently refuses invitations, declining an invitation once in a while is unlikely to trouble the inviter as much as the invitee might expect. In other words, the fear of saying “no” is often greater than the result of doing so. 1．Why was the follow-up study carried out? A．To show how people reacted to refusing invitations. B．To explain why declining risked losing future invitations. C．To find out if worries about declining invitations were true. D．To explore whether fears of refusing invitations were common. 2．What does the word “asymmetry” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Balance. B．Mismatch. C．Disorder. D．Similarity. 3．Which reply to the invitation would the writer most probably agree with? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to decline invitations when necessary. B．To compare different ways of dealing with invitations. C．To discuss the influence of saying “no” to invitations. D．To review some findings on declining invitations. Passage 5 （2026·北京顺义·二模）Have you ever kept calm and thought twice before speaking when struck by strong emotions? This daily reaction reflects your level of emotional maturity (成熟), a vital personal quality that humans gradually develop from birth and improve continuously throughout life. Psychological studies show that emotional maturity is not an inborn talent but a learned ability that keeps improving with personal growth and life experience. Emotional maturity and emotional intelligence are related but different. Emotional intelligence refers to your ability to understand and manage your emotions. Emotional maturity, however, focuses more on people’s behavioral responses to various emotions and feelings, as well as their ability to reflect on their inner feelings and take responsibility for their emotional states. Generally speaking, being emotionally mature means you can recognize your emotions in different situations, take ownership of them and handle them in a constructive way. It also means that you’re aware of your triggers (诱因) for certain emotions, and able to accept when you’re in the wrong or overreacting. A psychological survey proves a clear gap between them: emotional intelligence helps people identify and understand emotions accurately, while emotional maturity enables people to make decisions and respond appropriately to negative or positive feelings. People with high emotional maturity can choose different ways to react to situations. They are willing to pause and analyze their inner reactions, which allows them to tell apart sudden situational pressure and other hidden factors that cause emotional changes. Most importantly, they firmly understand that all emotions originate from their inner selves rather than outside conditions. Statistics show that over 70 percent of emotionally mature individuals refuse to vent (发泄) negative feelings on others or shift responsibility for their bad moods to people around them. It is worth noting that emotional maturity does not mean never losing temper. A study in 2024 points out the key difference: mature individuals can actively apologize and move forward quickly. They will not be trapped in lasting guilt or allow negative emotions to take up extra mental energy. Besides, they are willing to accept sincere apologies and understand everyone makes emotional mistakes. This is why emotional maturity helps with relationships. Emotional maturity is a lifelong growing skill. Nevertheless, the normal development of it can be affected by things like lack of sleep, poor nutrition, some medications, chronic stress and so on. If you struggle with emotional maturity, what matters most is to recognize your weaknesses and actively improve yourself to achieve personal growth. 1．Why do emotionally mature people refuse to vent-negative feelings on others? A．They are used to stressful situations in daily life. B．They know bad moods come from within themselves. C．They have learned to recognize their negative emotions. D．They hold their inner feelings back from affecting others. 2．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A．To offer tips on avoiding daily arguments. B．To explain how to build close relationships. C．To show the bad results of long-term negative emotions. D．To correct a common misunderstanding of emotional maturity. 3．According to the passage, who is probably the most emotionally mature? A．The person who is caught in lasting guilt. B．The person who controls his rising feelings. C．The person who points out others’ mistakes. D．The person who keeps silent after a quarrel. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·北京石景山·二模）Social setting shapes people’s thoughts in a simple but effective way. “Put your best foot forward” is great advice — what we learn first about someone has a strong influence. In an early experiment, Solomon Asch asked college students to read sentences like these and rate (评价) the person described: a. Steve is smart, hard - working, helpful, bossy, boring, and dishonest. b. Steve is bossy, boring, dishonest, smart, hard-working, and helpful. The two sentences have the same information about Steve. But the first lists positive words first, while the second puts them last. Students thought Steve was better when they read the first sentence. This is called the primacy effect — early information influences us more than later information. When you describe yourself, the words you use first can say as much about you as which words you use. For example, if you write in a job application that physics was your favorite college subject early on, employers may think you’re science-minded, hard-working, maybe a bit bookish — different from if you say it at the end. Edward Jones and his team did experiments to confirm this. Participants (参与者) watched an individual taking a 30-question intelligence test. Sometimes the person started well but performed worse later; at other times the person started slow but got better at the end. Those who started well were rated clever, even though all of them got the same number of correct answers. But Joshua Aronson and Edward Jones also found an exception to the primacy effect. College students coached people solving word puzzles (字谜). Half the coaches got a prize if their performers scored higher; the other half got a prize if performers improved long-term. Half performers started well then got worse; others started slow then improved (same total score). Coaches wanting higher scores thought performers who started well were smarter (primacy effect). But those focused on long-term improvement preferred increases in performance over time. Such findings suggest that if we focus on the long-term development of the students, rather than on how well they will do on the next test, we should refuse to make a quick judgment based on a first impression (印象). Still, in many situations, the primacy effect holds. That’s why beginnings matter. Why not use them to communicate better, build stronger relationships, and leave a lasting effect? First impressions shape how people remember you. 1．Why does the writer show Steve’s example at the beginning? A．To suggest a solution. B．To solve a word puzzle. C．To challenge a practice. D．To introduce a viewpoint. 2．What does the word “confirm” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Prove. B．Improve. C．Repeat. D．Translate. 3．What is a good example of using primacy effect wisely? A．Judging someone based on their first mistake. B．Focusing on final results when rating a performance. C．Saving your strongest point for the end of a presentation. D．Starting a job interview by clearly telling your key strengths. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Building Trust in Primacy Effect B．The Power of the Primacy Effect C．Development of Social Judgments D．Shaping Our Thoughts in Social Settings 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了心理学中的“首因效应”（primacy effect）——即早期信息对人们的判断影响更大，并用实验和生活例子说明这一效应的作用，同时也提到了例外情况，最后指出首因效应在多数场景下依然适用。 1．第1段“what we learn first about someone has a strong influence.”文章开篇点明先了解到的信息对人们认知他人有很强的影响，随后给出Steve的例子，例子后引出了首因效应这一核心观点，因此，作者举例的目的是引出核心观点。 2．根据原文第4段“Edward Jones and his team did experiments to confirm this.” 结合上下文，实验的目的是“证明”前面提到的首因效应现象，因此“confirm”在这里意为“证实、证明”与Prove意思一致。 3．根据第2段“This is called the primacy effect — early information influences us more than later information.”和第3段“When you describe yourself, the words you use first can say as much about you as which words you use.”可知，首因效应的定义，早期呈现的信息对他人判断的影响更大，因此明智利用该效应需要将核心优势放在信息呈现的开头。D选项“面试开场清晰介绍自身核心优势。”符合这一用法。 4．全文围绕首因效应展开，核心内容是阐述首因效应对人们认知和判断的影响力，B选项“首因效应的力量”贴合文章核心主旨。 Passage 2 （2026·北京石景山·二模）Every year, millions of people suffer snakebites (蛇咬伤), yet treatments remain outdated, expensive and difficult to get. A new study led by scientists Timothy Jenkins from the Technical University of Denmark and David Baker from the University of Washington School of Medicine brings new hope: AI can design special proteins (蛋白质) to fight the deadly snake toxins (毒素). The research has done well in lab tests and may change how we treat snakebites in the future. Jenkins, who has studied snakebite treatments for years, was excited by the new finding. “The effect of AI on snakebite treatments is more important than we thought,” said Jenkins. He added that this research may offer a safer and faster way to help people bitten by snakes. Past research has shown that about 100,000 people die from snakebites every year. Traditional antivenoms (抗蛇毒血清) are the main treatment, but making them is risky, costly and takes a long time. This trouble made Jenkins think of using AI to design proteins to prevent snake toxins. Jenkins and his partner David Baker used a free AI tool called RFdiffusion to carry out this work. They tested the proteins in the lab and on 20 mice given enough snake toxins. Amazingly, all the mice remained alive, whether they got the proteins at the same time as the venom or 15 minutes later. When tested on human cell samples (样品), the proteins showed the same strong effects, successfully stopping the toxins from hurting human cells. Michael Hust, a scientist who studies antibodies at a German university, spoke highly of the results. He said the AI-designed proteins “work really well” in the tests but pointed out that more tests are needed to make sure they are safe for humans. Jenkins agreed and said the next step is to turn the proteins into a real treatment for people. This AI research is a big step forward in snakebite treatments. It solves many problems of traditional antivenom production. With more research, these AI-designed proteins may one day become a life - saving treatment, bringing hope to people in areas where snakebites are common. 1．What did Jenkins think of the effect of AI on snakebite treatments? A．It was still too early to prove the effect. B．It was exactly what people had expected. C．It gave less help than traditional methods. D．It had greater effect than people had realized. 2．What is mainly mentioned in Paragraph 4 about the AI-designed proteins? A．Its challenges. B．Its limitations. C．Its testing results. D．Its designing process. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．Traditional antivenoms are cheap and easy to produce. B．Traditional treatments offer a safer way to treat snakebites. C．It’s unsure that AI-designed proteins are safe enough for humans. D．AI-designed proteins have been turned into a real treatment for people. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍科学家利用人工智能设计特殊蛋白质对抗蛇毒的相关研究，介绍了研究背景、实验过程、实验成果以及后续研究方向，展现出人工智能在蛇咬伤治疗领域的巨大发展前景。 1．第二段体现詹金斯对人工智能治疗蛇咬伤的看法：“The effect of AI on snakebite treatments is more important than we thought,”，说明人工智能的效果比人们意识到的更好。 2．第四段介绍了研究人员利用人工智能设计的蛋白质，在老鼠和人体细胞样品上开展的相关实验与测试数据，说明本段主要讲述人工智能设计蛋白质的测试结果。 3．第五段提出相关研究现状：“but pointed out that more tests are needed to make sure they are safe for humans”，说明人工智能设计的蛋白质是否对人类足够安全还尚未确定。 Passage 3 （2026·北京大兴·二模） Many people wonder if there is a “best time” to exercise. A new study answers this question with a clear suggestion: instead of forcing yourself into a fixed schedule, you should match your workout with your own “chronotype”—your natural habit of sleeping or waking up at certain times. Whether you are a “lark” who wakes up early full of energy, or a “night owl” who feels more active later in the day, the key message is that exercise is most effective when it matches a person’s biological rhythm (韵律). Research shows that aligning (使一致) at least part of your workouts to your chronotype helps reduce risk factors for heart attacks and strokes, and it also improves sleep quality. But how do you know if you are a morning or evening person? Here is a simple test. After a long holiday over two weeks, do you still feel tired and hard to get up every morning? If yes, you are probably a night owl. Otherwise, you may be a lark. “A longer holiday gives us time to relax, catch up on sleep and return to natural sleep and wake times, so it can tell us a lot about our natural sleep-wake habits.” Dr Jeffrey Kelu says. If you are someone who wakes at 6 am ready to run, the best exercise time is between 7 am and 8 am. A study shows morning exercisers were 30 percent less likely to have type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and 31 percent less likely to have heart disease. Besides doing morning workouts, early risers are also advised to add small strength training at home in the evening, like chair squats and leg moves. Owls can save strength training for the evening because most sports science studies suggest that muscle performance peaks (达到高峰) in the afternoon or evening. However, evening types should still spend a little time outdoors in the morning. A short walk of just a few minutes can fix their body clock and keep their daily sleep routine regular. There is no one-size-fits-all best time of day to exercise but you should pay attention to how you feel and how well you recover at different times of the day. Alignment with biological preference is more important than the exact clock time. So, do what feels right for you. 1．Why should we match our exercise with our chronotype? A．It helps us save time and develop good habits. B．It reduces some health risks and improves sleep. C．It makes us stay energetic in the day. D．It helps us get used to fixed schedules. 2．According to the passage, what is the best example of working with chronotype? A．Zhao Lei, a lark, does a lot of strength training in the evening. B．Li Hua, a lark, schedules his main workout between 9 pm and 10 pm. C．Wang Fang, a night owl, takes a 10-minute walk outside in the morning. D．Zhang Ming, a night owl, runs for 30 minutes at 6 am every day. 3．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to work out at a fixed time. B．To compare the differences between larks and owls. C．To advise people to follow their “clock” to exercise. D．To explain the proper time to change workout habits. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了运动时间与个人生物钟的关系，强调运动应遵循自身的生物节律，而非盲目遵循固定时间。 1．根据第二段“Research shows that aligning at least part of your workouts to your chronotype helps reduce risk factors for heart attacks and strokes, and it also improves sleep quality.”可知，将运动与个人生物钟匹配，有助于减少心脏病和中风的风险因素，同时改善睡眠质量。 2．根据第五段“Owls can save strength training for the evening because most sports science studies suggest that muscle performance peaks in the afternoon or evening. However, evening types should still spend a little time outdoors in the morning. A short walk of just a few minutes can fix their body clock and keep their daily sleep routine regular.”可知，夜猫子型人群适合傍晚进行力量训练，但早晨也可以进行短时间的户外散步，以调整生物钟，选项C中夜猫子Wang Fang在早晨进行10分钟户外散步，符合原文描述。 3．全文围绕“运动应与个人生物钟相匹配”展开，强调运动的关键是遵循自身生物节律，而非固定时间，因此作者的写作目的是建议人们遵循自身“生物钟”进行运动。 Passage 4 （2026·北京平谷·二模）Imagine a tool you could use to help you improve the performance of your mind and body. Well, it is your lungs! By simply changing how fast or slow you breathe, you can get many benefits. Here are two main breathing methods: slow breathing and fast breathing. Slow breathing means breathing at a very slow speed—about six breaths a minute. That is half the normal rate (速率) or even less. This type of breathing helps you control stress, feel more relaxed, and think more clearly, especially in difficult situations, like before a test. Fast breathing means breathing at a much faster speed—about 25 to 60 breaths a minute. That is much faster than normal. This type of breathing helps you feel awake and full of energy. It gets you ready for challenging physical tasks, like a 100-meter race or lifting weights. When you breathe in, your heart rate speeds up, and when you breathe out, it slows down. This is normal and shows your heart is healthy. Have you ever been told to take a deep breath when you felt nervous? By doing that, you were slowing down your heart rate without knowing it, which helped you feel calmer. These changes are controlled by your nervous system. This system works by itself and has two parts. The “fight or flight” part makes you more active and awake. The “rest and digest” part makes you more relaxed. Your breathing can turn on different parts of this system. Slow breathing turns on the “rest and digest” part. It slows down your heartbeat and helps you feel calm. It also helps your brain work better, especially when you need to make decisions or control your feelings. Fast breathing turns on the “fight or flight” part. It speeds up your heartbeat and gets your body ready for action. More oxygen (O2) goes to your muscles, and you get more energy to meet challenges. For example, fast breathing is useful before a short race or lifting heavy things. Research has clearly shown that breathing methods are important for performance and well-being. When used correctly, they can have many positive effects. Think about how you can use your breath to change the way you think, feel, and act when you need to be your best. Remember—breathing is a superpower! 1．According to the passage, which breathing method should you use before a math competition? A．Slow breathing.B．Fast breathing. C．Normal breathing. D．Light breathing. 2．What can we learn from the passage? A．People should use fast breathing when they feel nervous. B．Slow breathing works better than fast breathing in daily life. C．Breathing faster than 60 breaths a minute brings the most energy. D．Breathing methods affect the body by working on the nervous system. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Speed of Breathing B．The Power of Breathing C．The Ways to Change Your Mind D．The Ways to Control Your Feelings 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文介绍了慢速呼吸和快速呼吸两种方法，以及它们对身心的不同作用和原理。 1．文章第二段第三句“This type of breathing helps you control stress, feel more relaxed, and think more clearly, especially in difficult situations, like before a test.”指出，数学竞赛前应使用慢速呼吸。 2．文章第五段第一句“These changes are controlled by your nervous system.”指出，呼吸方式通过作用于神经系统来影响身体。 3．文章第一段引出呼吸的作用，中间详细介绍两种呼吸方法及其对身心的影响，最后一段指出“breathing is a superpower”，全文围绕呼吸的强大功能展开，因此最佳标题是“呼吸的力量”。 Passage 5 （2026·北京丰台·二模）Climate change and biodiversity (生物多样性) loss are two of the most important and urgent problems that our world is facing right now. Climate change means Earth’s weather patterns are changing and the planet is getting warmer because of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels (化石燃料). It is also one of the biggest causes of biodiversity loss, which means that animals and plants are disappearing from the planet. So, it is key to find solutions that help us live in a sustainable (可持续的) way and protect nature. To prevent climate change from getting worse, people have started using more renewable energies from natural resources, like wind, sunlight, water, or Earth’s heat. They are cleaner than fossil fuels and unlimited! While renewable energy might be the best way to stop climate change, sometimes it can cause problems for nature. The structures needed to produce renewable energy (such as solar panels, wind turbines, or dams) can change how nature works, hurt animals and plants, or take up too much space, changing the land and causing animals to move away. For example, birds can be killed by wind turbines. Dams can harm local wildlife and block fish migration (迁徙). These problems worsen when the structures are built in areas already affected by deforestation, hunting, or pollution. Since animals are all connected, losing one harms the whole ecosystem (生态系统) — and humans are no exception. Luckily, there are ways to reduce these harmful effects. First, planners can choose the best places to build renewable energy structures, avoiding untouched habitats (栖息地), breeding (繁殖) areas, and migration routes. Good spots for solar panels include rooftops or already-damaged (已破坏的) land which is no longer home to many animals. Once the structures are built, planners can also protect animals. For example, they can paint turbine blades to help birds see them better and avoid them, or build fish passage systems to help fish swim through. Even if these protective measures do not work perfectly, planners can compensate (弥补) by improving other habitats to help protect animals — such as adding nest boxes for birds or reducing threats like hunting and deforestation in nearby areas. We need renewable energy to fight climate change while protecting wildlife and their habitats. With careful planning and science, we can meet energy needs and keep nature safe. 1．What problem can renewable energy cause? A．Using more fuels. B．Warming the planet. C．Affecting the ecosystem. D．Wasting natural resources. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Placing nest boxes can be an effective measure to protect birds. B．Painted wind turbines can attract birds to get closer to see them. C．Building fish passage systems helps fish change their habitats. D．Undamaged land is usually a good place to build solar panels. 3．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Live Sustainably by Reducing Gas Output. B．Power the Planet without Harming Nature. C．Stop Climate Change without Hurting Animals. D．Avoid Biodiversity Loss by Reducing Pollution. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了可再生能源在应对气候变化中的重要性，但同时指出其可能对生物多样性造成负面影响，并提出了减少这些影响的措施。 1．由第三段可知，可再生能源设施可能破坏自然运作、伤害动植物、占用空间，最终影响生态系统。因此答案为C。 2．由第四段“planners can compensate by improving other habitats... such as adding nest boxes for birds.”可知，A项“放置鸟巢箱是保护鸟类的有效措施”与原文一致。 3．文章既强调需要可再生能源应对气候变化，又强调必须保护自然，提出平衡两者的方法。B项“在不妨碍自然的情况下为地球提供能源”准确概括了主旨。 Passage 6 （2026·北京昌平·二模）In a factory in Germany, something unusual is happening. Every machine on the production line is under the watch of intelligent sensors (智能传感器). If a robot uses too much electricity, the intelligent program will slow it down to reduce energy waste. If an important part begins to wear out, workers will get a warning before it breaks down. With these digital tools, the factory has not only cut its electricity use by 20% but also increased its production to a record high, showing the great power of joining technology and sustainability (可持续性). This is more than just a factory story. Experts name it the “twin transition (转型)”. It connects digital transition and sustainability in a way that not only focuses on using digital tools or saving energy. Instead, it aims to use digital technologies to help protect our planet. What makes this transition special is that it turns the once-separate goals of technological progress and environmental protection into a united task that benefits both businesses and the earth. The idea is already being used in the “digital twin”, a virtual replica (虚拟副本) of a real machine in which robots can practice and repeat difficult tasks again and again without wasting any materials or risking harm to real parts. The technology records all effective actions and removes ineffective ones. After enough virtual tests, the robot can perform perfectly in the real world. It cuts down material waste and stops breakdowns, which would need expensive repairs under normal conditions. However, the twin transition is not a perfect solution by itself. Although digital tools help people complete tasks with less effort and better results, people may end up using them more often, leading to increased energy use in the long run, a problem known as the “rebound effect.” Another challenge is the “digital divide.” Both developed and poorer areas have tried the twin transition, but poorer areas are short of high-speed Internet and practical digital skills. As a result, they cannot get the same benefits from the transition as developed areas do. To solve these problems, experts suggest that good leadership and proper education are key. Companies need leaders with an understanding of both technology and the natural world. Schools should teach students how to use digital tools to solve environmental problems. In fact, there is no need for technological progress to clash with nature. With the right actions, the twin transition will guide us toward a more sustainable and intelligent future. 1．Why does the writer talk about the factory in Germany in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a new idea. B．To prove a common view. C．To compare two situations. D．To advise on general matters. 2．According to the passage, what is a good example of the “twin transition”? A．Providing high-speed Internet to poor areas to close the digital divide. B．Training students to use digital tools to solve environmental problems. C．Using green energy to produce more electricity for industrial machines. D．Practicing tasks on a virtual copy of a machine to prevent material waste. 3．What does the underlined word “clash” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Mix. B．Trade. C．Fight. D．Connect. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A．Joining Technology and Nature: A New Way B．Going Green: A Smarter Way with Digital Tools C．Transition and Sustainability: Goals of Companies D．Digital Twin: A Virtual Replica for Robot Practice 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“双重转型”这一将数字技术与可持续发展相结合的新理念，通过实例说明了其应用、优势与面临的挑战。 1．文章第一段描述了德国工厂使用智能传感器的案例，第二段紧接着指出“This is more than just a factory story. Experts name it the ‘twin transition’”，说明提及工厂案例是为了引出“双重转型”这一新理念。 2．第三段提到“The idea is already being used in the ‘digital twin’... virtual replica... without wasting any materials”，说明在机器的虚拟副本上练习任务、减少材料浪费，是“双重转型”理念的典型应用，对应选项D。 3．最后一段提到“With the right actions... guide us toward a more sustainable... future”，说明技术进步与自然可以和谐共存。语境中“no need to... clash”意为无需冲突，clash意为“冲突、斗争”，与Fight同义。 4．文章围绕“twin transition”展开，核心是介绍一种将数字技术与自然保护相结合的新模式，选项A“Joining Technology and Nature: A New Way”最能概括全文主旨。 Passage 7 （2026·北京昌平·二模）About 50 years ago, recordings of whale songs touched people’s hearts. These beautiful sounds helped change public opinion and call for an end to whaling (捕鲸业). Today, scientists use microphones to record and study sounds in nature. This important science is called “soundscape ecology (声景生态学)”. By listening carefully, scientists can learn about the ecosystem, and also find out how human activities influence the lives of whales and other sea animals. Whales are like musicians in the sea. Their songs can last for up to 30 minutes and may be repeated for hours. Scientists have found that some changes happen as they grow older. For North Atlantic right whales, calls become clearer and longer with age, just like human musicians improving with practice. Whales have smart ways to protect themselves from natural enemies. Mia Nielsen’s research group studied right whale mothers and their babies, finding that they chose to live in shallow (浅的) waters. The noisy waves there can hide their sounds, so these whales make very soft and few calls to avoid being heard. Beyond these natural habits, the environment also plays a key role in changes in whale sounds. Take blue whales as an example: their calls are about 0.2 to 0.3 Hz higher during the Southern summer. Scientists believe this happens because there is more background noise at that time of year, mainly caused by the breaking of ice near Antarctica. Dr. Chou explains, “These records of whale sounds allow us to see how less sea ice and more ships may influence animals.” Scientists have also found that changes in whale sounds are related to the whaling ban (禁令). Researcher Leroy and his team suggested that, thanks to the whaling ban, blue whale populations have grown over recent years. With more whales living in the same areas, they can now easily hear one another without calling across long distances. Soundscape ecology is becoming increasingly important. Other than whales, it helps study many other animals. Rosenbaum’s team studied the Bering Sea for four years, recording over 33,000 sounds from different sea animals. This data helps scientists understand these animals and how climate and human activities influence them. This is the power of soundscape ecology: it turns the simple noise of the sea into a message that helps us understand animals and realize the serious effects of human activities on them. In this way, we can learn to live in peace with ocean life. 1．What method do scientists use to study nature in Paragraph 1? A．Searching for certain sea animals. B．Recording various natural sounds. C．Checking the level of ocean noise. D．Watching sea animals’ daily activities. 2．How do human activities influence whales according to the passage? A．Human hunting causes right whales to make very soft calls. B．The whaling ban has led blue whales to produce louder calls. C．Human ships force whales to move into deeper and quieter waters. D．Human activities increase ocean noise which influences whale calls. 3．Which of the following would summarize the value of soundscape ecology? A．It connects animal sounds with ecosystem changes. B．It presents the yearly changes in the ocean environment. C．It offers solutions to reduce human influence on the ecosystem. D．It provides ways to increase the population of animals in danger. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家通过录制和研究自然界的声音（声景生态学）来了解海洋生态，特别是鲸鱼的声音如何受年龄、环境和人类活动影响，以及声景生态学对研究海洋动物、理解人类活动影响的重要价值。   1．第一段指出：“Today, scientists use microphones to record and study sounds in nature. This important science is called ‘soundscape ecology’”，这直接说明科学家使用录制各种自然声音的方法来研究自然。 2．第四段说明：“Scientists believe this happens because there is more background noise at that time of year, mainly caused by the breaking of ice near Antarctica. Dr. Chou explains, ‘These records of whale sounds allow us to see how less sea ice and more ships may influence animals.’”，结合全文逻辑，说明人类活动（如船只）会增加海洋噪音，从而影响鲸鱼的叫声。 3．第六段点明：“This data helps scientists understand these animals and how climate and human activities influence them. This is the power of soundscape ecology: it turns the simple noise of the sea into a message that helps us understand animals and realize the serious effects of human activities on them”，说明声景生态学的价值在于将动物声音与生态系统变化、人类活动影响联系起来。 Passage 8 （2026·北京朝阳·二模）Facial expressions are central to social life, yet scientists still don’t fully understand how the brain produces them. For many years, people thought that faces tell the truth about our feelings. But that view fails to explain why we often change our expressions to fit the moment. To find out what’s going on in the brain during facial expressions, researchers turned to monkeys. They recorded how the brain worked when the animals communicated with one another in the lab. The team’s results, published in Science, came as a surprise. The monkeys’ expressions, from a scary face to a friendly “lip-smacking”, were produced by both the medial cortex (内侧皮层) and lateral cortex (外侧皮层). These two brain areas were long thought to operate alone, but the study showed that both of them took part in the production of all kinds of facial expressions. The two areas did, however, run at different speeds. Activity in the lateral cortex changed quickly to control the fast facial movements that make for easy social connections. By comparison, things happened more slowly in the medial cortex, which may help it notice slow background changes that influence facial expressions. What’s more, both brain activities showed up before facial movements did, suggesting the brain prepares expressions ahead of time. This all raises a question: do monkeys plan the faces they make on purpose? That’s what experts explore in the new study. If facial expressions are partly controlled, they may not just show feelings. As researchers say, they might be tools to influence others. At the very least, they seem to result from complex (复杂的) connections between feelings and awareness. Alan Fridlund, an expert who was not part of this study, believes monkeys control their facial expressions carefully. But he doubts whether lab tests can fully show how monkeys communicate and the brain activity behind it. It is better to do future research in the monkeys’ natural environment. Still, Fridlund says, the new study “shows us more clearly how to learn about the brain science of facial expressions.” In general, it offers a new understanding of how facial expressions are made. 1．What does the study show about the medial cortex and lateral cortex? A．They operate at the same speed. B．They control fast facial movements. C．They both help produce facial expressions. D．They record brain activity during communication. 2．What can we learn from the study of monkeys’ facial expressions? A．Facial expressions depend on feelings. B．The brain prepares expressions beforehand. C．The study shows real monkey communication in nature. D．Scientists fully understand monkeys’ expression production. 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Monkeys connect with others by making faces. B．Monkeys’ real feelings are shown through their faces. C．Monkeys may plan and control their expressions. D．Monkeys’ expressions depend on slow background changes. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To stress connections between feelings and awareness. B．To explain why monkeys’ expressions differ from humans’. C．To suggest more research in the monkeys’ natural environment. D．To introduce a study on monkeys’ brain control of facial expressions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了一项关于猴子面部表情的脑科学研究，揭示了大脑内侧皮层和外侧皮层共同参与面部表情的产生，且大脑会提前准备表情。 1．第二段指出：“both of them took part in the production of all kinds of facial expressions”，说明两个脑区都参与产生面部表情。 2．第三段指出：“both brain activities showed up before facial movements did, suggesting the brain prepares expressions ahead of time.”，说明大脑会提前准备表情。 3．第四段提出“do monkeys plan the faces they make on purpose?”，并指出表情可能是影响他人的工具，说明猴子可能有意识地计划和控制表情。 4．全文围绕一项关于猴子大脑如何控制面部表情的研究展开。 Passage 9 （2026·北京房山·二模）People often look back on their life choices and imagine better possible results. When the real result is not as good as the imagined one, people may experience regret. Researchers have long been interested in studying this common feeling. One well-known study focused on the types of things people regret and whether they experienced more regret for things they did or did not do. Interestingly, for short-term regrets, they mostly talked about actions they had taken, such as saying silly words in public. For lifelong regrets, however, they mostly mentioned chances they had missed, like not valuing time with family members. These studies also showed something special. Very few people reported regret for something that they could not have personally changed. This means that if you don’t think you played a part in the result, you won’t feel regret. This is different from lots of other emotions like sadness, disappointment, or excitement, which people can feel even when they were not responsible for the situation that resulted in those feelings. This led scientists to believe that regret may help people see what went wrong with a decision and how to improve next time. In an experiment, 6-year-olds were told to choose between two locked boxes to win the prize that was inside. Most picked the box with a shorter wait and got two candies, but they learned they would have gotten four if they had chosen the other box. The next day, those who experienced regret the day before were more likely to wait longer. Experiencing regret helps people make better choices the next time they are faced with a similar decision. Even thinking about regret can help people make better choices in situations they have never experienced before. Lots of research has shown that, when it comes to making a decision, people will do what is called mental (心理的) time travel. This mental time travel allows people to anticipate future regret — they imagine themselves picking different options (选择) and how they would feel about each choice. Then, when it comes to actually deciding what to do in real life, they decide to go with the option they think will cause the smallest amount (数量) of regret. Regret is not our enemy. Wise people don’t get stuck in the past. They learn from it, accept it, and focus on the present. They let regret guide them, but they value today and make wiser choices ahead. 1．Why does the writer mention two kinds of regrets in Paragraph 2? A．To show a study result. B．To lead in a topic. C．To support a viewpoint. D．To point out a problem. 2．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Regret fails to help with decisions in new situations. B．Lifelong regrets usually come from things people did. C．Regret helps people improve in similar situations later. D．People often feel regret for things beyond their control. 3．What does the word “anticipate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Refuse. B．Stress. C．Prove. D．Expect. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To guide readers to face regret in a proper way. B．To show how people make decisions with regret. C．To advise people to avoid regretting things deeply. D．To explain why regret differs from other emotions. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文介绍了心理学中关于“后悔”的研究，探讨了短期与长期后悔的类型、后悔与其他情绪的区别，以及后悔如何帮助人们做出更好的决策，最后引导读者以正确的态度面对后悔。 1．根据第二段第二句“One well-known study focused on the types of things people regret…”可知，作者提到两种遗憾（短期遗憾和终身遗憾）是为了展示这项研究的具体发现/结果。 2．文中提到“Experiencing regret helps people make better choices the next time they are faced with a similar decision.”，说明作者会同意“后悔能帮助人们在以后的类似情况中改进”这一观点，对应选项C。 3．根据第五段划线词后的解释“they imagine themselves picking different options...and how they would feel…”可知，这里指人们在心理上预先想象未来的 regret。Anticipate 意为“预期、预料”，与 Expect（期望、预期）意思最接近。 4．文章介绍了遗憾的定义、相关研究及其对决策的积极作用，最后一段总结指出“Wise people…learn from it, accept it, and focus on the present”，旨在引导读者正确面对遗憾并从中学习，而不是被其困扰。 Passage 10 （2026·北京房山·二模）Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania have created some of the world’s smallest robots. The tiny, light-powered robots are smaller than a grain (粒) of salt. For many years, scientists have worked to make smaller and smaller robots. But as robots get small, they also become easily broken. The new robots have been designed without any moving parts. The scientists faced many challenges in developing such tiny robots. To power the robot, the team chose to use a solar panel (太阳能电池板). This allows a robot to run for months, powered only by light. But it also meant that they had to cover much of the robot with the solar panel, which didn’t leave room for much else. Scientists at the University of Michigan developed a super tiny computer that can be programmed and even has a memory. Once the robots are programmed, they can move on their own, with no outside control. These robots use very new technology, but each one costs only about one US cent. For a robot so tiny, moving through water is hard. Instead of pushing water like fish, the robots create a tiny electric field around themselves. This field makes the ions (离子) in the surrounding water move. When those ions move, they hit nearby water molecules (分子) and push on them. The moving water then carries the robot forward. The robots can sense the temperature of the water they’re in. They can also be programmed to swim toward warmer temperatures. Besides, the robots can send information to researchers through movement. For example, once a robot has sensed the temperature, it can do a little dance.Researchers watching through a microscope (显微镜) can then understand the dance to get the information. “It’s very similar to how honey bees communicate,” says David Blaauw, who developed the computer. The scientists say the project is only the first step. In the future, similar robots could be used to report on the health of cells (细胞) in the human body. And, though each robot is tiny, they can be programmed to work together to complete larger tasks as a group. 1．What is special about the tiny robots developed by the University of Pennsylvania? A．They swim like real fish. B．They can work without light. C．They have no moving parts. D．They communicate by sound. 2．What is mentioned about the tiny robots in Paragraph 5? A．Their basic abilities. B．Their building steps.C．Their production cost. D．Their design purposes. 3．What can we learn about the tiny robots from the passage? A．They cost much money to produce. B．They require outside control to move. C．They can be programmed to treat diseases. D．They can operate continuously for months. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了一款微型光能机器人，讲解其构造、供能、行进与信息传递方式，还提及它成本低廉，并展望了未来在人体细胞监测等领域的应用前景。 1．根据文章第二段最后一句“The new robots have been designed without any moving parts.”，宾夕法尼亚大学开发的微型机器人的特别之处是“它们没有任何移动部件”。 2．根据第五段“The robots can sense the temperature of the water...They can...swim toward warmer temperatures...Besides, the robots can send information to researchers...it can do a little dance.”，它们可以感知水温、向温暖处游动、通过“跳舞”传递信息给研究人员，这些都属于它们的“基本能力”。 3．根据第三段第三句“This allows a robot to run for months, powered only by light.”，这使得机器人仅靠光就能运行数月，即“它们能够连续运行数月之久。” Passage 11 （2026·北京朝阳·二模）In 2026, Chinese space companies publicly said that China’s first commercial suborbital manned spacecraft (商业亚轨道载人飞船) would complete its test flight with passengers in 2028. It has quickly become a hot topic across the country. This commercial spacecraft is designed to fly up to 100 kilometers above Earth. The whole flight will last about 20 minutes, and passengers can enjoy 3-6 minutes of weightlessness when the craft reaches the highest point. It can carry 6-7 people. The whole spacecraft is built to be fully reusable so that the cost of space trips can be brought down greatly. However, developing such a reusable spacecraft faces many technical challenges. One of the biggest difficulties of the space capsule (太空舱) is its high-temperature protection set. It is asked to work well when the spacecraft returns to Earth. When the capsule re-enters the atmosphere (大气层), its surface temperature can reach more than 1400℃, so traditional spacecraft used high-temperature protection materials that could only be used once. To deal with this challenge, Chinese engineers have developed ceramic-based composite materials (陶瓷基复合材料). They can stand high temperatures and be reused many times without being changed. This key technology makes the spacecraft able to fly again in a short time and cuts down the cost that was once too high for common business projects. People who support this project believe that it can facilitate the development of China’s commercial space industry, encourage young people to learn science and show China’s progress in space technology. However, some people argue that most common families cannot afford the cost of the flight and there may still be some worries about flight conditions even with good technologies. In short, this commercial spacecraft project has a bright future. With the development of technology, the cost will be lower and the flight will be safer. It will surely bring more chances for China’s space industry. 1．What do you know about new materials for spacecraft? A．They can be reused many times for space trips. B．They make space trips affordable for common families. C．They help greatly reduce the surface heat of the capsule. D．They have taken the place of traditional ones in spacecraft. 2．What does the word “facilitate” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A．Slow down. B．Push forward. C．Put off. D．Prepare for. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Development of the Space Project B．New Materials for a Spacecraft Project C．China’s New Commercial Space Project D．The Cost of a Commercial Space Project 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国首个商业亚轨道载人飞船项目的计划、技术特点（特别是可重复使用的耐高温材料）、面临的挑战以及社会各界对该项目的不同看法和未来展望。 1．第四段明确指出：“They can stand high temperatures and be reused many times without being changed.”，说明这种新材料可以多次重复使用。 2．第五段中提到支持者认为该项目可以“facilitate the development of China’s commercial space industry”，结合语境，支持者通常认为项目会促进或推动行业发展，因此“facilitate”意为“促进/推动”，与“Push forward”意思最接近。 3．全文围绕中国新的商业太空项目（商业亚轨道载人飞船）展开，涵盖了其设计、技术突破、争议及前景，因此“China’s New Commercial Space Project”是最全面且贴切的标题。 Passage 12 （2026·北京·二模）When you go to the park, you might notice many older people listening to audiobooks (有声书) instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective (有效的) as reading a book? Reading needs us to put all our attention on the words in a book, and we also need to find time and a place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get knowledge from audiobooks as effectively as we do from paper books? Researchers tried to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a paper book of the same information. It turned out that they got the same information, whether they listened to it or read it. Another study further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描) people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activates (激活) almost the same parts of the brain as reading does. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing several things at one time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well,” said Professor Daniel Willingham. 1．Why does the writer ask questions in Paragraph 1? A．To tell a story. B．To interest readers. C．To give an example. D．To show opinions. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Listening to an audiobook. B．Reading a paper book. C．Putting all our attention on words. D．Finding time to sit down and read. 3．What did the researchers do in the study? A．Scanned people’s eyes. B．Scanned people’s bodies. C．Scanned people’s arms. D．Scanned people’s brains. 4．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the use of audiobooks. B．To advise more people to listen to audiobooks. C．To express the importance of reading paper books. D．To discuss the effectiveness of the two ways of reading. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文通过对比有声书与纸质书，探讨了两种阅读方式的有效性及相关研究结果。 1．第一段提出“Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective as reading a book?”两个问题，目的是引发读者兴趣，引出下文对有声书和纸质书阅读有效性的讨论。 2．第二段“However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too.”，此处的“it”指代前文提到的“listen to audiobooks”，即“听有声书”。 3．第四段“In the study, researchers scanned people’s brains when they listened to and read books.”，直接表明研究人员扫描了人们的大脑。 4．文章围绕“听有声书和读纸质书哪种方式更有效”展开，介绍了相关研究结果，探讨了两种阅读方式的有效性。 Passage 1 （2026·北京西城·二模）You’ve probably pressed a like button many times today, or kept checking what you posted as the like count rises. But why do we like the like button so much? In 2018, neuroscientist Lauren Sherman and her team studied that question. They asked 58 teens to choose some photos they had posted recently. Each teen then viewed the photos chosen by the whole group on a specially-designed social media that included a like button. They did so while lying in an fMRI (功能磁共振成像) machine, which allowed researchers to see if the brain lit up when they hit the like button — and if so, what parts of it. Sure enough, there was activity, and a lot of it. In the experiment, when teens saw their own photos with many likes, their brains showed activity in many different areas. Notably, Sherman also found that viewing photos with many (compared with few) likes was related to greater brain activity. That means we don’t just like to receive likes; we also like things more when other people have liked them. Why do we like likes so much? According to Nicholas Christakis, a sociologist at Yale University, it is because “the like button is built on the back of evolutionary (进化的) biology.” All animals learn and evolve as they interact with a challenging world, from experience they get through trying and making mistakes, but only certain primates (灵长类动物) have the ability to learn from others’ experience. This social learning allowed early humans to raise their chances of survival by avoiding mistakes they saw others making, and copying the successful moves. This helps explain why human beings have the preference for “mild hierarchy” (轻微等级制度). In the animal world, animals become leaders by force. Humans, however, recognize the one from whom they learn most as the leader. Members follow standout performers considering what they have done and how well they share the lessons to be taken from their experience. The evolved social learning ability also helps develop our habits of expressing thankfulness. Because we are willing to keep learning, we show thankfulness in a way that encourages others to keep sharing. For example, we give likes to their posts. In turn, they respond to the likes they receive. It’s what keeps us sharing what we discover. All this explains why we have evolved to enjoy liking and being liked. What has been chosen in human evolution is not just physical characteristics, but also urges (冲动) and feelings. And this is the very deep psychological (心理的) area the like button was able to tap in to. Seeing likes come in gives us pleasure. Giving a like, knowing it will make someone happy, also makes us feel good. This is the key to the rise of the like button: Its popularity has very much to do with something fundamental in our biology. 1．Why does the writer introduce the experiment in Paragraphs 2 and 3? A．To explain why seeing likes causes brain activity. B．To prove that liking behavior is supported by biology. C．To suggest a biological method to study brain activity. D．To stress the difference between giving and receiving likes. 2．According to the passage, what might social learning allow people to do? A．Respect those who rise to the top by force. B．Make more knowledgeable friends by giving likes. C．Use likes to encourage sharing what can be learned. D．Survive better by telling others how to correct mistakes. 3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Liking behavior results from the evolution of social media. B．Human’s social learning ability evolved first to choose leaders. C．Seeing our liked photos causes greater brain activity than seeing others’. D．The pleasure of liking and being liked has popularized the like button. 4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Humans Evolved to Like Likes B．The Evolution of Ways to Give Likes C．The Like Button Evolved with the Times D．Liked by Others: Human Evolution’s Driving Force 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要从神经科学和进化生物学的角度解释了人们为什么如此喜欢“点赞”按钮，指出点赞行为的流行与人类进化中的社会学习能力和生理基础密切相关。 1．根据第2段和第3段中描述的Lauren Sherman团队的实验，以及第4段开头“Why do we like likes so much? According to Nicholas Christakis... it is because ‘the like button is built on the back of evolutionary biology.’”可知，实验是为了证明点赞行为有生物学基础。 2．根据第5段中“we give likes to their posts. In turn, they respond to the likes they receive. It’s what keeps us sharing what we discover.”可知，社会学习让人们通过点赞来鼓励分享可以学习的东西。 3．根据最后一段“Seeing likes come in gives us pleasure. Giving a like, knowing it will make someone happy, also makes us feel good. This is the key to the rise of the like button”可知，喜欢和被喜欢的愉悦感使得点赞按钮流行起来。 4．文章从进化生物学角度解释人类为什么喜欢点赞，核心观点是“人类进化出喜欢点赞的倾向”。 Passage 2 （2026·北京门头沟·二模）The human brain may work more similarly to artificial intelligence (AI) than people expect. A surprising new study shows that our brains understand spoken language through a layered (分层的) and step-by-step process, which is similar to the way advanced AI language models work. This discovery reshapes long-held ideas about how we build meaning from speech and provides new views on the connection between human thinking and technology. Led by Dr. Ariel Goldstein from the Hebrew University, the research team worked with experts from Google Research and Princeton University. They used a special technology called electrocorticography to track (追踪) brain activity while people listened to a thirty-minute podcast (播客) about science and daily life. What they found was unbelievable: the order of the brain’s responses matched the layered design of AI models like GPT and DeepSeek. As we listen to a speech, the brain doesn’t understand everything at once. Instead, each word goes through a series of neural (神经的) steps in the brain. Early brain signals match the early steps in AI, which focus on basic word features such as pronunciation and spelling. Later, the responses in key language areas— such as Broca’s area—match the deeper layers in AI that bring broader meanings. For example, when you hear the word “apple”, you might first think of the word itself, and then connect it to fruit, food, or other things. “We were amazed to see how closely the brain’s step-by-step understanding matches how AI works,” said Dr. Goldstein. These findings challenge the traditional view that language depends on fixed rules and strict symbols. Instead, they suggest that meaning is built gradually and depends on different situations—just like AI models learn from lots of examples. Classic linguistic elements, such as phonemes (音素), can’t explain real-time brain activity as well as AI models do. This study not only changes our understanding of language but also has practical value. The team has shared a public data set of neural recordings, providing a powerful resource for scientists to develop more brain-like models. This research builds a bridge between AI and neuroscience and opens new ways to explore how our brains make sense of the world through language. It has great value in fields like language education and brain science. 1．How did the researchers carry out the experiment? A．They compared how different AI models work together. B．They studied the brain’s neural processes by studying phonemes. C．They developed brain-like AI models and tested them with a data set. D．They followed the testers’ brain activity as the testers listened to an audio program. 2．What can we know about the brain’s language processing method? A．It first thinks of some broader meanings. B．It builds meaning in a similar way to an AI model. C．It depends more on strict rules than on different situations. D．It fully understands the speech immediately after hearing it. 3．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．The gradually closer gap between AI technology and neuroscience. B．The importance of neural data sets for AI and neuroscience research. C．The study’s practical use and the new research directions it brings about. D．The methods to develop advanced AI models by using neural recordings. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了一项新研究发现人类大脑理解语言的过程与人工智能语言模型的分层处理方式相似，这一发现挑战了传统语言学观点，并为脑科学和AI研究提供了新方向。 1．第二段提到“They used a special technology called electrocorticography to track brain activity while people listened to a thirty-minute podcast”，因此研究人员通过在测试者收听音频节目时追踪他们的脑活动来进行实验。 2．第三段提到“We were amazed to see how closely the brain’s step-by-step understanding matches how AI works”，并在后文举例说明听“apple”时先想到单词本身，再联想到水果等，说明大脑构建意义的方式与AI模型相似。 3．最后一段指出这项研究改变了我们对语言的理解，分享了公共数据集，为科学家开发更像人脑的模型提供了资源，并强调它在语言教育和脑科学等领域的价值，因此本段主要讨论研究的实际应用及其带来的新研究方向。 Passage 3 （2026·北京平谷·二模）Why Athletes Should Wear Light-Colored Clothing in Hot Weather Have you ever noticed that many athletes prefer light-colored clothes in hot summer? Most people think it is just a matter of fashion or personal habit. However, studies show that clothing color actually has a surprising influence on athletes’ performance in hot weather. Some people might think that the color of a T-shirt does not really matter. They may say, “It is just a color. How can it affect your performance?” But a recent study has proved this idea wrong. In fact, research has shown that wearing a black T-shirt in hot weather can hurt an athlete’s performance—not physically, but mentally. Scientists did research on young tennis players in 32℃ weather. They divided the players into two groups: one in white T-shirts and the other in black ones. Surprisingly, although both groups had the same body temperature and drank about the same amount of water, the players in black T-shirts felt very different. Players in black felt much more tired and uncomfortable. They even thought they were making greater efforts than they actually did. Why does this happen? The answer may lie in a common belief. Most people think that black clothing absorbs (吸收) more heat and makes you hotter. This belief is so strong that it can actually change how you feel during exercise. Even if players say they never pay attention to their T-shirt color, the belief still affects them. This shows that our minds can play tricks on us. Therefore, doing something as simple as choosing a white T-shirt over a black one can help athletes feel better and perform better in the heat. So, what should athletes do? The answer is clear and simple. First, always wear light-colored clothing when training outdoors on hot days. White, light gray, or light blue are good choices. Second, change your T-shirt if it gets too wet with sweat. Third, drink cool water regularly and take breaks in cool shade. These steps are easy to follow, but they can make a real difference. Some still doubt that such a small choice is not worth caring about. Some might argue that training harder is what really matters. Proper training is important, but we should never ignore (忽视) easy and useful ways to improve performance. Winning in sports often comes from small advantages. If wearing a white T-shirt can help you feel less tired and more comfortable, why would you not do it? All in all, light-colored clothes help athletes feel more comfortable and less tired in hot weather. Never let a simple choice of clothing color influence your state. Smart choices always support better performance. Choose white, feel better, and play your best. 1．According to the study on young tennis players, what’s the difference between the two groups? A．Players in black T-shirts drank more water to reduce heat. B．Players in white T-shirts made greater efforts in the training. C．Players in white T-shirts had lower body temperature than those in black. D．Players in black T-shirts felt more tired though their physical state was the same. 2．The underlined phrase “play tricks on” in Paragraph 4 probably means ________. A．cheat B．protect C．challenge D．encourage 3．What does the writer think of the idea that “training harder is what really matters” in Paragraph 6? A．He doesn’t care about the idea and focuses on the study results. B．He completely agrees with it and thinks clothing color is unimportant. C．He disagrees with it and thinks training needs proper clothing to work. D．He thinks training is important, but small choices like clothing color also matter. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce a new study on athletes’ clothing color. B．To explain why black clothing makes people feel hotter. C．To advise athletes to wear light-colored clothing in hot weather. D．To argue that training is more important than clothing color. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了在炎热天气中，浅色衣服对运动员表现的影响，并建议运动员穿浅色衣服以提升舒适度和表现。 1．第三段指出：“although both groups had the same body temperature and drank about the same amount of water, the players in black T-shirts felt very different. Players in black felt much more tired and uncomfortable.”，说明穿黑T恤的球员虽然身体状况相同，但感觉更累。 2．第四段中“play tricks on”所在句为：“This shows that our minds can play tricks on us.”，结合前文“the belief still affects them”，说明我们的思维会“欺骗”我们。 3．第六段指出：“Proper training is important, but we should never ignore easy and useful ways to improve performance.”，说明作者认为训练重要，但衣服颜色等小选择也很重要。 4．全文围绕建议运动员在炎热天气穿浅色衣服展开。 Passage 4 （2026·北京丰台·二模）When invited to something you don’t want to attend, you might find it hard to decline (拒绝). You worry saying “no” will upset the inviter, harm your friendship, or cost you future invitations. But are you worrying more than you should about saying “no”? These fears appear to be widespread. One study found that 77% of participants accepted unwanted invitations, fearing that declining would upset the inviters, reduce future invitations or have their own invitations declined. To explore this, researchers carried out a follow-up study. In the study, one group of people was asked to imagine turning down an invitation and then guess how the inviter would feel. Another group reported their actual feelings when someone declined their invitation. The results showed a clear asymmetry. Invitees worried that inviters would react negatively to a declined invitation, but inviters were surprisingly unaffected by the decline. In fact, people offering invitations are much more understanding—and less upset, angry or sad—than invitees expected. They also said they would be rather unlikely to let a single declined invitation stop them offering or accepting invitations in the future. The findings suggest that when declining an invitation, people often think that the inviter will focus on the cold, hard turndown. But in reality, the inviter focuses more on the invitee’s reasoning than on the refusal itself. The inviter typically believes the invitee carefully considered the invitation, which makes the decline feel less hurtful. Even so, it is still difficult to say “no”. Fortunately, there are a few things you can do. First, imagine that you were the one offering the invitation. The research shows that people are less likely to overestimate (高估) the negative effects of declining an invitation after they imagine how they would feel if someone turned down their invite. Second, give an honest reason for declining. People are more understanding when you explain why, especially if it’s about money. Honesty makes your response believable and shows you care about their invitation. Third, consider the “no but” strategy. You can decline one invitation while suggesting another activity, making it clear that the decline is directed at the event rather than at the inviter. Overall, the research suggests that if a person is not someone who frequently refuses invitations, declining an invitation once in a while is unlikely to trouble the inviter as much as the invitee might expect. In other words, the fear of saying “no” is often greater than the result of doing so. 1．Why was the follow-up study carried out? A．To show how people reacted to refusing invitations. B．To explain why declining risked losing future invitations. C．To find out if worries about declining invitations were true. D．To explore whether fears of refusing invitations were common. 2．What does the word “asymmetry” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Balance. B．Mismatch. C．Disorder. D．Similarity. 3．Which reply to the invitation would the writer most probably agree with? A． B． C． D． 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to decline invitations when necessary. B．To compare different ways of dealing with invitations. C．To discuss the influence of saying “no” to invitations. D．To review some findings on declining invitations. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文介绍一项相关研究，指出人们往往过度担忧拒绝邀约的后果，其实邀约者大多能够理解，并分享了几种得体拒绝邀约的方法。 1．根据第二段第二、三句“...participants accepted unwanted invitations, fearing that declining would upset the inviters...To explore this, researchers carried out a follow-up study.”，这里的“this”指代前文人们对拒绝邀请的担忧，所以后续研究的目的是“探索这个担忧是否真实”。 2．根据第三段第一二句“The results showed a clear asymmetry. Invitees worried that inviters would react negatively...but inviters were surprisingly unaffected.”，后句提到接受邀请的人担心邀请者会负面反应，但邀请者出乎意料地不受影响。这说明“担心”和“实际情况”之间存在“不一致/不匹配”。asymmetry在这里意为“不一致/不匹配”。 3．倒数第二段“Second, give an honest reason for declining. People are more understanding when you explain why, especially if it’s about money.”，诚实让你的回复可信，表明你在意对方的邀请，尤其是当理由与钱有关时。C选项的图片中“I’d love to, but I’m saving money for a new bike.”给出了诚实的理由，并且理由与钱相关。 4．通读全文可知，文章开头提到人们害怕拒绝邀请，担心会带来负面影响， 接着通过研究说明，邀请方其实比被邀请方预想的更能接受拒绝，人们往往高估了拒绝邀请的负面后果，最后给出了礼貌拒绝邀请的实用建议，整体目的是鼓励读者不必过度担忧，“在必要时可以拒绝邀请”。 Passage 5 （2026·北京顺义·二模）Have you ever kept calm and thought twice before speaking when struck by strong emotions? This daily reaction reflects your level of emotional maturity (成熟), a vital personal quality that humans gradually develop from birth and improve continuously throughout life. Psychological studies show that emotional maturity is not an inborn talent but a learned ability that keeps improving with personal growth and life experience. Emotional maturity and emotional intelligence are related but different. Emotional intelligence refers to your ability to understand and manage your emotions. Emotional maturity, however, focuses more on people’s behavioral responses to various emotions and feelings, as well as their ability to reflect on their inner feelings and take responsibility for their emotional states. Generally speaking, being emotionally mature means you can recognize your emotions in different situations, take ownership of them and handle them in a constructive way. It also means that you’re aware of your triggers (诱因) for certain emotions, and able to accept when you’re in the wrong or overreacting. A psychological survey proves a clear gap between them: emotional intelligence helps people identify and understand emotions accurately, while emotional maturity enables people to make decisions and respond appropriately to negative or positive feelings. People with high emotional maturity can choose different ways to react to situations. They are willing to pause and analyze their inner reactions, which allows them to tell apart sudden situational pressure and other hidden factors that cause emotional changes. Most importantly, they firmly understand that all emotions originate from their inner selves rather than outside conditions. Statistics show that over 70 percent of emotionally mature individuals refuse to vent (发泄) negative feelings on others or shift responsibility for their bad moods to people around them. It is worth noting that emotional maturity does not mean never losing temper. A study in 2024 points out the key difference: mature individuals can actively apologize and move forward quickly. They will not be trapped in lasting guilt or allow negative emotions to take up extra mental energy. Besides, they are willing to accept sincere apologies and understand everyone makes emotional mistakes. This is why emotional maturity helps with relationships. Emotional maturity is a lifelong growing skill. Nevertheless, the normal development of it can be affected by things like lack of sleep, poor nutrition, some medications, chronic stress and so on. If you struggle with emotional maturity, what matters most is to recognize your weaknesses and actively improve yourself to achieve personal growth. 1．Why do emotionally mature people refuse to vent-negative feelings on others? A．They are used to stressful situations in daily life. B．They know bad moods come from within themselves. C．They have learned to recognize their negative emotions. D．They hold their inner feelings back from affecting others. 2．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing Paragraph 5? A．To offer tips on avoiding daily arguments. B．To explain how to build close relationships. C．To show the bad results of long-term negative emotions. D．To correct a common misunderstanding of emotional maturity. 3．According to the passage, who is probably the most emotionally mature? A．The person who is caught in lasting guilt. B．The person who controls his rising feelings. C．The person who points out others’ mistakes. D．The person who keeps silent after a quarrel. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文围绕情绪成熟这一概念展开了系统科普，明确了情绪成熟的属性；说明了情绪成熟和情绪智力的差异；介绍了高情绪成熟者的核心特征；纠正了大众对情绪成熟的常见误解；阐述了情绪成熟是终身成长的技能，它的发展会受睡眠、压力、营养等因素影响，呼吁受情绪成熟问题困扰的人正视自身不足，主动提升实现成长。 1．根据第四段中“Most importantly, they firmly understand that all emotions originate from their inner selves rather than outside conditions.”可知，情绪成熟的人明白坏情绪来自自身内部，因此拒绝向他人发泄或推卸责任。 2．文章第五段首句指出“It is worth noting that emotional maturity does not mean never losing temper.”，接着阐述了成熟的人发脾气后会主动道歉并快速翻篇，不会陷入持久的内疚，由此可知，这一段主要是为了澄清人们对情绪成熟的一种常见误解（即认为成熟就是完全不发火）。 3．根据第一段中“kept calm and thought twice before speaking”以及第四段中“People with high emotional maturity can choose different ways to react to situations. They are willing to pause and analyze their inner reactions”可知，能够控制情绪上升、深思熟虑后再反应是情绪成熟的表现。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $