衔接点04动词的时态和语态（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，江苏专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点04 动词的时态和语态 初中视角 高中展望 时态：重点掌握中考必考的八大基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时）。考查标志词明显（如yesterday, already），句子结构简单。 语态：初步了解被动语态的基本构成（be + done），掌握常见时态的被动形式；理解主动表被动的特殊动词。 考查形式：单句语法填空、任务型阅读，重规则记忆与时间状语的对应。 时态：强调“语境决定时态”。不再单纯依赖标志词，而是通过上下文逻辑判断动作发生的时间先后与状态。重点突破：现在完成时的延续性用法、过去完成时的嵌套结构、进行时表示感情色彩或委婉语气。 语态：复杂句式中的语态转换（如双宾语被动、含介词的短语动词被动）；无生命主语+主动形式表被动（如The book sells well）；系动词无被动语态。 考查形式：语篇语法填空、短文改错、完形填空，注重篇章逻辑与深层语义辨析。 衔接引导 初中阶段：以“句”为单位，看到标志词直接套用公式，思维呈线性。 高中阶段：三者融合考查，以“篇”为单位，需具备全局观，在长难句中剥离出真正的谓语动词，理清主从句时态呼应关系。 【初中动词的时态和语态考点聚焦】 一、动词时态 考点1 基础时态结构与时间标志词 1．The earth ______(move)around the sun. 2．I ______(not see)him since last year. 3．He ______(read)a book when I came in. 4．They ______(have)a meeting tomorrow. 5．I ______(finish)my homework already. 考点2 时态基本用法辨析 6．She ______(watch)TV at 8:00 last night. 7．My father ______(work)in this factory for 10 years. 二、动词语态 考点1 基础被动语态结构 1．English ______(speak)all over the world. 2．The bridge ______(build)last year. 3．A new library ______(build)in our school next year. 考点2 主动语态变被动语态规则 4．We clean the classroom every day.（被动） → The classroom ______ ______ by us every day. 【高中动词的时态和语态考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词时态和语态是高中语法核心，贯穿语法填空、短文改错、书面表达。重点考查： 1. 时态在语境中的逻辑判断与时态呼应； 2. 易混时态（现在完成时 vs 一般过去时、过去完成时 vs 一般过去时）深层辨析； 3. 被动语态特殊用法与主动表被动情况； 4. 时态、语态、非谓语、从句综合运用。 考点清单 一、时态的深层逻辑 1. 现在完成时的延续与瞬间： 瞬间动词（die, join, buy）不能与for/since连用，需转换为延续性状态（be dead, be in, have）。 He has been in the army for two years. (正） He has joined the army for two years. （误） 2. 过去完成时的“过去的过去”： 必须有一个过去的参照点。 By the time he arrived, the meeting had started. 3. 进行时的情感色彩： always/constantly + doing：表示厌烦或赞扬。 He is always borrowing money from me. （厌烦） 4. 一般现在时表将来： 仅限时刻表、计划好的行程（train leaves, plane takes off）。 二、语态的特殊形式 1. 主动形式表被动： 感官/状态系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel。 特定动词：wash, write, sell, open, shut, lock。 The pen writes smoothly. / The cloth washes easily. 2. 双宾语的被动： give sb. sth. → sb. be given sth. / sth. be given to sb. 3. 短语动词的被动： 介词不可丢：look after → be looked after; take care of → be taken care of. 三、易错警示 1. 系动词无被动：happen, occur, break out, belong to。 need/want/require + doing：主动形式表被动含义（= need to be done）。 2. 时态一致性陷阱：宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句通常退一步（客观真理除外）。 一、单词拼写 1. For many children, parents are the most important role models that they a___________. 2. Fire d_____________ several stores in the business district and almost nothing remained afterwards. 3. The police have l________________ an investigation into the incident. 4. She was too disappointed and ________ （撕） the letter into pieces. 5. The problem needs d_____________ at the meeting. 6. By the end of next month, we f_____________ the project. 二、单句语法填空 1. Do you know who _____________(inventor) the electric light? 2. The Dragon Boat Festival _____________( fall) on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar in honor of Qu yuan. 3. What happened next _____________(be) so heartwarming that it would melt you. 4. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you _____________( make). 5. For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he _____________(straighten) himself and began another circle. 6. Of equal importance _____________(be) good study habits, useful skills and a positive mind. 7. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of   good earth _____________(ruin) each year. 8. As is reported in today’s paper, lots of money _____________(raise) for the homeless so far. 9. Nobody is in the classroom because the students _____________(interview) on the playground about the success. 10. The class _____________(attract) by the magician’s incredible tricks and gave an enthusiastic applause. 一、语法填空（动词的时态和语态专练） My name is Li Hua. 1. ________(study)in a senior high school now. 2. ________(come)to this school last year. Since then, 3. ________(make)many good friends. Our school 4. ________(build)in 1950 and it 5. ________(renovate)many times. At this time yesterday, we 6. ________(have)a PE class on the playground. I 7. ________(learn)over 2000 English words so far. I believe our school 8. ________(become)more and more beautiful in the future. All the teachers and students here 9. ________(respect)and everyone 10. ________(take)good care of. 二、短文改错（动词的时态和语态专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 Last Sunday, I go to the park with my parents. We get there at 9:00 am. The park is very beautiful and we see many flowers and trees. When we are walking, I find a little boy crying. I ask him what was wrong and he says he got lost. I help him find his parents. They thank me again and again. I feel very happily. This experience is remembered by me forever. 三、阅读理解 Harry Potter fans, get ready for the journey to Hogwarts and beyond on an official guided tour of Warner Bros. This guided experience at Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter is the only tour of its kind, so if you’re a fan of the magical world, it’s a must-do. What To Expect Upon arriving, you will be greeted by an experienced guide who reveals the wonders you’ll encounter throughout your tour of the original sets and costumes from all eight of the Harry Potter films. You will be given your own personal headset to ensure you do not miss any of the fascinating behind-the-scenes facts. Watch a short film in the cinema before you enter the Great Hall, Visit the original Hogwarts Express locomotive (火车头) and a recreation of Platform 9½. Climb aboard the train carriage and pose with a luggage trolley as it disappears through the platform wall. Once the tour comes to an end, you have the option to re-enter the studio at your leisure, find that perfect souvenir at the Studio Shop, or purchase a coffee at the Studio Tour Cafe. Additional Information Not wheelchair accessible. Infants (婴儿) must sit on laps. Travelers should have a medium physical fitness level. This tour/activity will have a maximum of 15 travelers. The total duration of the tour is 5 hours, comprising a 1-hour travel time to the studios, a 3-hour guided tour, and a 1-hour travel time back to London. Cancellation Policy If you cancel at least 3 days in advance of the scheduled departure, there is no cancellation fee. If you cancel within 2 days of the scheduled departure, there is a 100 percent cancellation fee. 1.What can be expected throughout the tour? A. Taking photos with the actors. B. Knowing behind-the-scenes facts. C. Creating a new Platform. D. Watching Harry Potter series again. 2.Who can join the tour? A. Couples with little babies. B. Adults with physical disability. C. A group consisting of 16 members. D. Teenagers with travel sickness. 3.When will canceling the trip definitely result in financial damage? A. On the day of registration. B. On the exact day of departure. C. 3 days ahead of the departure date. D. 4 days ahead of the departure date. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点04 动词的时态和语态 初中视角 高中展望 时态：重点掌握中考必考的八大基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时）。考查标志词明显（如yesterday, already），句子结构简单。 语态：初步了解被动语态的基本构成（be + done），掌握常见时态的被动形式；理解主动表被动的特殊动词。 考查形式：单句语法填空、任务型阅读，重规则记忆与时间状语的对应。 时态：强调“语境决定时态”。不再单纯依赖标志词，而是通过上下文逻辑判断动作发生的时间先后与状态。重点突破：现在完成时的延续性用法、过去完成时的嵌套结构、进行时表示感情色彩或委婉语气。 语态：复杂句式中的语态转换（如双宾语被动、含介词的短语动词被动）；无生命主语+主动形式表被动（如The book sells well）；系动词无被动语态。 考查形式：语篇语法填空、短文改错、完形填空，注重篇章逻辑与深层语义辨析。 衔接引导 初中阶段：以“句”为单位，看到标志词直接套用公式，思维呈线性。 高中阶段：三者融合考查，以“篇”为单位，需具备全局观，在长难句中剥离出真正的谓语动词，理清主从句时态呼应关系。 【初中动词的时态和语态考点聚焦】 一、动词时态 考点1 基础时态结构与时间标志词 1．The earth ______(move)around the sun. 【答案】moves 【解析】客观真理用一般现在时。 2．I ______(not see)him since last year. 【答案】haven’t seen 【解析】since + 时间点，主句用现在完成时。（注：此题虽为过去相关，但实考现在完成时） 3．He ______(read)a book when I came in. 【答案】was reading 【解析】when引导过去时间点，主句用过去进行时。 4．They ______(have)a meeting tomorrow. 【答案】will have/are going to have 【解析】一般将来时，结构 will+do/be going to+do，时间标志词 tomorrow。 5．I ______(finish)my homework already. 【答案】have finished 【解析】现在完成时，结构 have/has+done，时间标志词 already。 考点2 时态基本用法辨析 6．She ______(watch)TV at 8:00 last night. 【答案】was watching 【解析】过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 7．My father ______(work)in this factory for 10 years. 【答案】has worked 【解析】现在完成时，表动作从过去持续到现在。 二、动词语态 考点1 基础被动语态结构 1．English ______(speak)all over the world. 【答案】is spoken 【解析】一般现在时的被动语态，结构 am/is/are+done。 2．The bridge ______(build)last year. 【答案】was built 【解析】一般过去时被动语态，结构 was/were+done。 3．A new library ______(build)in our school next year. 【答案】will be built 【解析】一般将来时被动语态，结构 will be+done。 考点2 主动语态变被动语态规则 4．We clean the classroom every day.（被动） → The classroom ______ ______ by us every day. 【答案】is cleaned 【解析】宾语变主语，动词变被动形式，主语前加 by 【高中动词的时态和语态考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词时态和语态是高中语法核心，贯穿语法填空、短文改错、书面表达。重点考查： 1. 时态在语境中的逻辑判断与时态呼应； 2. 易混时态（现在完成时 vs 一般过去时、过去完成时 vs 一般过去时）深层辨析； 3. 被动语态特殊用法与主动表被动情况； 4. 时态、语态、非谓语、从句综合运用。 考点清单 一、时态的深层逻辑 1. 现在完成时的延续与瞬间： 瞬间动词（die, join, buy）不能与for/since连用，需转换为延续性状态（be dead, be in, have）。 He has been in the army for two years. (正） He has joined the army for two years. （误） 2. 过去完成时的“过去的过去”： 必须有一个过去的参照点。 By the time he arrived, the meeting had started. 3. 进行时的情感色彩： always/constantly + doing：表示厌烦或赞扬。 He is always borrowing money from me. （厌烦） 4. 一般现在时表将来： 仅限时刻表、计划好的行程（train leaves, plane takes off）。 二、语态的特殊形式 1. 主动形式表被动： 感官/状态系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel。 特定动词：wash, write, sell, open, shut, lock。 The pen writes smoothly. / The cloth washes easily. 2. 双宾语的被动： give sb. sth. → sb. be given sth. / sth. be given to sb. 3. 短语动词的被动： 介词不可丢：look after → be looked after; take care of → be taken care of. 三、易错警示 1. 系动词无被动：happen, occur, break out, belong to。 need/want/require + doing：主动形式表被动含义（= need to be done）。 2. 时态一致性陷阱：宾语从句中，主句过去时，从句通常退一步（客观真理除外）。 一、单词拼写 1. For many children, parents are the most important role models that they a___________. 2. Fire d_____________ several stores in the business district and almost nothing remained afterwards. 3. The police have l________________ an investigation into the incident. 4. She was too disappointed and ________ （撕） the letter into pieces. 5. The problem needs d_____________ at the meeting. 6. By the end of next month, we f_____________ the project. 【答案】1.admire 2.destroyed 3.launched 4.tore 5.discussing 6.will have finished 二、单句语法填空 1. Do you know who _____________(inventor) the electric light? 2. The Dragon Boat Festival _____________( fall) on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar in honor of Qu yuan. 3. What happened next _____________(be) so heartwarming that it would melt you. 4. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you _____________( make). 5. For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he _____________(straighten) himself and began another circle. 6. Of equal importance _____________(be) good study habits, useful skills and a positive mind. 7. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of   good earth _____________(ruin) each year. 8. As is reported in today’s paper, lots of money _____________(raise) for the homeless so far. 9. Nobody is in the classroom because the students _____________(interview) on the playground about the success. 10. The class _____________(attract) by the magician’s incredible tricks and gave an enthusiastic applause. 【答案】 1.invented 2. falls 3.was 4.have made 5.straightened 6.are 7. are being ruined 8. has been raised 9.are being interviewed 10.were attracted 1.invented【解析】考查动词。句意：你知道谁发明了电灯吗？分析句子可知，设空处应填动词作谓语，所给词inventor为名词，其动词形式为invent；“发明电灯”是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，invent的过去式为invented，符合语境。 2.falls【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：端午节是在中国农历五月初五，是为了纪念屈原。由on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month可知时态是一般现在时，描述一个客观的事实；主语为The Dragon Boat Festival，与fall之间是主动关系，因此谓语动词要用一般现在时主动语态；The Dragon Boat Festival是单数，谓语动词用单数。 3.was【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：接下来发生的事情是如此暖心，它会融化你。结合would可知此处是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语是what引导的从句，看作单数意义，be动词使用was， 4.have made【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：当你达到一个目标时，你会看到自己努力工作的结果，知道自己取得了多大的进步。分析句意可知，“取得进步”是已经完成的动作且有影响，所以本句时态用现在完成时，又因为主语是you，所以助动词用have。 5. straightened【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：有那么一会儿，鱼的身子倾斜了一点儿。然后它竖直了身子，又兜起圈子来。根据句意及首字母提示，可知为straighten；设空处在句中作谓语，叙述已经发生的事，应用一般过去时，故设空处应用动词的过去式。 6. are【解析】考查完全倒装，主谓一致和时态。句意：同样重要的是良好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的心态。分析可知，此处为“be of+抽象名词”结构，用来表示主语的性质、特点；介词短语前置，句子应完全倒装，将谓语动词置于主语之前，故本句主语为“good study habits, useful skills and a positive mind”；陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词应用are。 7. are being ruined【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：随着越来越多的森林被破坏，每年都有大量的肥沃土地被破坏。根据句意用现在进行时。主语huge quantities of good earth与ruin之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。quantities of +名词，谓语动词用复数。 8. has been raised【解析】考查动词语态。句意：正如今天的报纸报道的那样，到目前为止，为无家可归者筹集了大量资金。分析句子可知，设空处所给动词raise在句子中充当谓语，和主语money是被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据后面的时间状语so far可知，应使用现在完成时，因此应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语money是不可数名词。 9. are being interviewed【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：教室里现在没有人，因为学生们正在操场上接受关于成功的采访。分析句子结构，这是一个包含原因状语从句的复合句，空白处在状语从句中作谓语，且与从句主语the students之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据句意，因句子表示的是一个现在正在发生的动作，使用现在进行时的被动语态，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。 10. were attracted【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：全班同学都被魔术师不可思议的魔术所吸引，报以热烈的掌声。空处应填谓语动词，主语The class与动词attract之间为被动关系且由句中的and gave可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，根据句意，此处表示全班同学，用作复数，谓语动词用复数。 一、语法填空（动词的时态和语态专练） My name is Li Hua. 1. ________(study)in a senior high school now. 2. ________(come)to this school last year. Since then, 3. ________(make)many good friends. Our school 4. ________(build)in 1950 and it 5. ________(renovate)many times. At this time yesterday, we 6. ________(have)a PE class on the playground. I 7. ________(learn)over 2000 English words so far. I believe our school 8. ________(become)more and more beautiful in the future. All the teachers and students here 9. ________(respect)and everyone 10. ________(take)good care of. 【答案】1.am studying 2.came 3.have made 4.was built 5.has been renovated 6.were having 7.have learned 8.will become 9.are respected 10.is taken 1. am studying【解析】现在进行时，now 表当前正在进行。 2. came【解析】一般过去时，last year 为过去时间。 3. have made【解析】现在完成时，since then 为标志词。 4. was built【解析】一般过去时被动语态，in 1950 为过去时间。 5. has been renovated【解析】现在完成时被动语态，表多次被翻新。 6. were having【解析】过去进行时，at this time yesterday 为标志词。 7. have learned【解析】现在完成时，so far 为标志词。 8. will become【解析】一般将来时，in the future 为标志词。 9. are respected【解析】一般现在时被动语态，表被尊重。 10. is taken【解析】一般现在时被动语态，take care of 为固定搭配。 二、短文改错（动词的时态和语态专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 Last Sunday, I go to the park with my parents. We get there at 9:00 am. The park is very beautiful and we see many flowers and trees. When we are walking, I find a little boy crying. I ask him what was wrong and he says he got lost. I help him find his parents. They thank me again and again. I feel very happily. This experience is remembered by me forever. 【答案】1.go→went 2.get→got 3.is→was 4.see→saw 5.are→were 6.ask→asked 7.says→said 8.help→helped 9.happily→happy 10.is→will be 1. go→went【解析】last Sunday 为过去时间，用一般过去时。 2. get→got【解析】时态一致，用一般过去时。 3. is→was【解析】描述过去场景，用一般过去时。 4. see→saw【解析】时态一致，用一般过去时。 5. are→were【解析】过去进行时，be 动词用过去式。 6. ask→asked【解析】时态一致，用一般过去时。 7. says→said【解析】时态一致，用一般过去时。 8. help→helped【解析】时态一致，用一般过去时。 9. happily→happy【解析】feel 为系动词，后接形容词。 10. is→will be【解析】表将来，用一般将来时被动语态。 三、阅读理解 Harry Potter fans, get ready for the journey to Hogwarts and beyond on an official guided tour of Warner Bros. This guided experience at Warner Bros. Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter is the only tour of its kind, so if you’re a fan of the magical world, it’s a must-do. What To Expect Upon arriving, you will be greeted by an experienced guide who reveals the wonders you’ll encounter throughout your tour of the original sets and costumes from all eight of the Harry Potter films. You will be given your own personal headset to ensure you do not miss any of the fascinating behind-the-scenes facts. Watch a short film in the cinema before you enter the Great Hall, Visit the original Hogwarts Express locomotive (火车头) and a recreation of Platform 9½. Climb aboard the train carriage and pose with a luggage trolley as it disappears through the platform wall. Once the tour comes to an end, you have the option to re-enter the studio at your leisure, find that perfect souvenir at the Studio Shop, or purchase a coffee at the Studio Tour Cafe. Additional Information Not wheelchair accessible. Infants (婴儿) must sit on laps. Travelers should have a medium physical fitness level. This tour/activity will have a maximum of 15 travelers. The total duration of the tour is 5 hours, comprising a 1-hour travel time to the studios, a 3-hour guided tour, and a 1-hour travel time back to London. Cancellation Policy If you cancel at least 3 days in advance of the scheduled departure, there is no cancellation fee. If you cancel within 2 days of the scheduled departure, there is a 100 percent cancellation fee. 1.What can be expected throughout the tour? A. Taking photos with the actors. B. Knowing behind-the-scenes facts. C. Creating a new Platform. D. Watching Harry Potter series again. 2.Who can join the tour? A. Couples with little babies. B. Adults with physical disability. C. A group consisting of 16 members. D. Teenagers with travel sickness. 3.When will canceling the trip definitely result in financial damage? A. On the day of registration. B. On the exact day of departure. C. 3 days ahead of the departure date. D. 4 days ahead of the departure date. 【答案】1.B 2.A 3.B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了华纳兄弟伦敦工作室之旅——《哈利·波特的制作》的官方导游体验，包括游客可以期待的内容、额外信息以及取消政策等。 【解析】 1.细节理解题。根据What To Expect部分中“You will be given your own personal headset to ensure you do not miss any of the fascinating behind-the-scenes facts.(您将获得自己的个人耳机，以确保您不会错过任何有趣的幕后事实)”可知，在整个参观过程中，游客可以了解幕后事实。故选B项。 2.推理判断题。根据Additional Information部分中“Infants (婴儿) must sit on laps.(婴儿必须坐在腿上)”可推知，携带婴儿的夫妇可以参加这次旅行。故选A项。 3.细节理解题。根据Cancellation Policy部分中“If you cancel within 2 days of the scheduled departure, there is a 100 percent cancellation fee.(如果您在预定出发日期前2天内取消，将收取100%的取消费)”可知，在出发当天取消旅行肯定会造成经济损失。故选B项。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $