衔接点05非谓语动词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，江苏专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点05 非谓语动词 初中视角 高中展望 非谓语动词的基本概念：了解动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done）的基本形式。 基础用法： 不定式：作目的状语（To learn English well, he practices every day）、作宾语（I want to go）、作宾语补足语（He told me to leave）。 动名词：作主语（Swimming is fun）、作宾语（I enjoy reading）。 现在分词：作定语（a running boy）、作状语（He sat there, reading a book）。 考查形式：单句语法填空、句型转换，重在识别基本形式与简单功能。 非谓语动词的深层逻辑：强调非谓语动词的“时态”与“语态”变化（如to have done, to be doing, to have been done等）。 核心考点： 非谓语动词作状语时的逻辑主语一致性（即分词的主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构）。 非谓语动词的复合结构（for sb. to do sth.）。 非谓语动词作定语时的时态与语态辨析（如to do表将来/目的，doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成）。 特殊句式中的非谓语（如with复合结构、there be复合结构）。 考查形式：长难句语法填空、短文改错、完形填空中的逻辑推断，重在语境分析与语法细节。 衔接引导 初中阶段：以识别为主，非谓语动词多作固定搭配或简单成分，逻辑主语通常隐含。 高中阶段：以分析为主，需精准判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动/被动关系及时间先后，并选择正确的形式。 【初中非谓语动词考点聚焦】 一、动词不定式 考点1 作宾语与宾语补足语 1．I want ______ (go) to the park with you. 2．He told me ______ (not play) football in the street. 3．She hopes ______ (be) a teacher when she grows up. 考点2 作目的状语 4．He got up early ______ (catch) the first bus. 5．She went to the library ______ (borrow) some books. 二、动名词 考点1 作主语与宾语 1．______ (Swim) is good for health. 2．I enjoy ______ (read) English novels. 3．He is good at ______ (play) basketball. 三、分词 考点1 现在分词与过去分词作定语 1．The boy ______ (stand) under the tree is my brother. 2．The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular. 【高中非谓语动词考点聚焦】 课标解读 非谓语动词是江苏高考语法填空、短文改错、书面表达的核心考点，贯穿高中英语全程。重点考查： 1. 非谓语动词六大句法功能（主、宾、表、定、状、补）； 2. 逻辑主语一致性； 3. 时态与语态（to do/to be done/doing/being done/done）； 4. 固定句型与特殊结构。 考点清单 一、非谓语动词三大分类 1.动词不定式 (to do) 基本形式：to do（主动 / 将来）；to be done（被动 / 将来） 特殊：to have done（主动完成）；to have been done（被动完成） 2.动名词 (doing) 基本形式：doing（主动）；being done（被动） 特殊：having done（主动完成）；having been done（被动完成） 3.分词 现在分词：doing（主动 / 进行） 过去分词：done（被动 / 完成） 二、非谓语动词句法功能（核心） 成分 用法 例句 主语 doing（抽象习惯）；to do（具体动作） Reading books is useful.It is useful to read books. 宾语 只接 to do：want/decide/hope/promise只接 doing：enjoy/mind/practice/avoid可接两者（含义不同）：stop/remember/forget He avoids making mistakes.He hopes to win the game. 表语 说明主语性质 / 内容 My job is to teach.The film is moving. 定语 修饰名词，后置to do（将来）；doing（主动 / 进行）；done（被动 / 完成） I have a lot of work to do.The man standing there is my teacher.The book written by Lu Xun is popular. 状语 表目的 / 原因 / 结果 / 伴随to do（目的）；doing（主动伴随）；done（被动伴随） He went to the shop to buy milk.Seeing the dog, he stopped.Seen from the hill, the park is beautiful. 宾语补足语 感官 / 使役动词后do（全过程）；doing（正在进行）；done（被动） I saw him enter the room.I saw him playing basketball.I had my hair cut. 三、核心重难点 1.逻辑主语一致性 非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需加独立主语。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school.（正确，he 与 being 逻辑一致） 只接 doing 作宾语的高频动词 avoid、mind、enjoy、practice、finish、imagine、suggest、keep、miss、consider 只接 to do 作宾语的高频动词 want、decide、hope、refuse、promise、plan、pretend、offer、afford、prepare 2.被动和完成形式 被动：to be done/being done/done 完成：to have done/having done 3.特殊句型 with复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补（不定式/分词/形容词/介词短语）。 With so much work to do, I can't go out. there be复合结构：there be + 名词 + 不定式/分词。 There is a lot of work to do. 四、独立主格结构 1.定义 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，给非谓语动词加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语（表时间、原因、条件、伴随）。 2.核心构成 名词 / 代词 + 非谓语动词（to do /doing/done） 3.分类与用法 名词 / 代词 + doing（主动 / 进行） The weather being fine, we went hiking. 名词 / 代词 + done（被动 / 完成） The work finished, we went home. 名词 / 代词 + to do（将来 / 未做） The plan to be carried out next month, we are preparing. 4.常见固定独立主格 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will have a test. Weather permitting (= If weather permits), we will hold the sports meeting. That being the case, we had to change the plan. 5.重要提醒 独立主格不是句子，前后不能用连词，用逗号与主句连接。 独立主格无谓语动词，这是区别于从句的关键。 一、单词拼写 1. In general, Brazilians are social, p______ face-to face communication to mails or phone calls. 2.As an old saying goes, once b________, twice shy. He doesn’t want to skate again. 3.He was the only spokesman at the meeting r_______________ third world countries. 4.She managed to e__________ from the burning car. 5.We often find it easier to _________ （认识到） other people’s weaknesses than our own. 6.A classmate told me she had seen my friend c________ with another girl saying she had a cold. 二、单句语法填空 1.Earth Day, marked on April 22, is an annual event ________ (aim) at raising public awareness about environmental protection. 2.During the Paris Olympics each athlete, whatever their nationality, made every effort ________ (rise) to the challenge and tried to realize their potential. 3.You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had ________ (balance) my schoolwork and leisure time. 4.________ (face) with dangers, we must keep calm. 5.We were having a meal when he met some of his old friends and went off with them, ________ (leave) me to pay the bill. 6.The excellent performances ________ ( give) by the Chinese community in Edinburgh drew waves of warm applause. 7.Tom was unlikely ________ (miss) the early bus because he got up early. 8.Bill is equal to  ________ (run) the office. 9.With the College Entrance Examination ________ (approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted to key universities. 10.The universities have expanded, thus ________ (allow) many more people the chance of higher education. 一、语法填空（非谓语动词专练） I’m glad 1.________ (receive) your letter. You asked me how 2.________ (learn) English well. Here are some suggestions. First, you should practice 3.________ (listen) to English every day. It’s a good way 4.________ (improve) your listening. Second, you’d better read English articles 5.________ (write) by native speakers. Third, you should try your best 6.________ (speak) English in class. Don’t be afraid of 7.________ (make) mistakes. I also suggest you keep an English diary. It can help you 8.________ (improve) your writing skills. 9.________ (learn) English well takes time and effort, but you will make progress. Weather 10.________ (permit), we will have an English corner this weekend. 二、短文改错（非谓语动词专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 I decide study English hard. I want improve my speaking skills. I enjoy watch English movies. It is interested to learn English by watch movies. I often practice speak English with my classmates. My teacher advises me to keep an English diary. I look forward to make great progress. I think learn English is very important. Weather permit, we will have a party. 三、完成句子（非谓语动词专练） 1.Despite your efforts, it is not easy ________________ （消除问题；克服困难) 2.You are likely to _________（遇见）books you love to read. 3.There will be a big surprise ___________（等待着某人）her when she gets home tonight! 4.I would like to ________ （找人打扫一下房间）at the weekend. 5.As a whole, ________ （拥有丰富的词汇）is important for English learners. 四、阅读理解 In Shakespeare’s HAMLET, Polonius asks the prince, “What are you reading, my Lord?” Hamlet replies, “Words, words, words.” Either as is likely, Hamlet wasn’t interested in what he was reading, or less likely, he didn’t understand the words he was reading. In this case, Polonius should have lent Hamlet a good dictionary. Dictionaries are essential tools for people who like to read. There are so many words in English that even the most educated person will sometimes meet an unfamiliar word and have to look it up. Languages keep changing. too, with new words constantly being added and new meanings being applied to old words. For example, the 12th edition of Xinhua Dictionary, the most popular dictionary in China, has added new words such as “chu xin” “fen si” “er wei ma” etc. As for new meanings, “girl” once meant “a small child of either sex”. And “naughty” didn’t mean you were “enjoying playing tricks”; it meant you were poor. A printed dictionary can’t keep pace with all the changes, which is why most dictionaries have websites and apps to help you keep up-to-date. However, I still prefer printed dictionaries because they give you more definitions and more examples of how a word is used. Even a simple word, such as “set”, has 430 meanings (the most of English words) but an online dictionary would only offer two or three. A printed dictionary also gives you the opportunity to discover new words as you run your finger down the page looking for the word you want. There is no “official” English dictionary, but the Oxford English Dictionary is considered to be the best. For English language learners, however, I would recommend the Collins COBUILD Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Hamlet, by the way, was Danish and a college student. He would have appreciated the Collins Dictionary to help himself with his words, words, words. This dictionary has over 40, 000 words and gives you full-sentence definitions with good examples of how words are used. 1.What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To let the readers know more about HAMLET. C. To arouse (引起) readers’ interest in Shakespeare. D. To explain when it’s necessary to use a dictionary. 2.Why does the author mention “girl” in paragraph 2? A. To show how powerful Xinhua Dictionary is. B. To support the idea: languages keep changing. C. To prove new words are being added to dictionaries. D. To imply “girl” also means “boy” in some cases. 3.What’s the author’s attitude to printed dictionaries? A. Supportive. B. Unclear. C. concerned. D. Uncaring. 4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the last paragraph? A. To introduce the history of dictionaries. B. To call on (号召) learners to use dictionaries. C. To recommend Collins Dictionary. D. To explain why Hamlet likes Collins. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点05 非谓语动词 初中视角 高中展望 非谓语动词的基本概念：了解动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done）的基本形式。 基础用法： 不定式：作目的状语（To learn English well, he practices every day）、作宾语（I want to go）、作宾语补足语（He told me to leave）。 动名词：作主语（Swimming is fun）、作宾语（I enjoy reading）。 现在分词：作定语（a running boy）、作状语（He sat there, reading a book）。 考查形式：单句语法填空、句型转换，重在识别基本形式与简单功能。 非谓语动词的深层逻辑：强调非谓语动词的“时态”与“语态”变化（如to have done, to be doing, to have been done等）。 核心考点： 非谓语动词作状语时的逻辑主语一致性（即分词的主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需用独立主格结构）。 非谓语动词的复合结构（for sb. to do sth.）。 非谓语动词作定语时的时态与语态辨析（如to do表将来/目的，doing表主动/进行，done表被动/完成）。 特殊句式中的非谓语（如with复合结构、there be复合结构）。 考查形式：长难句语法填空、短文改错、完形填空中的逻辑推断，重在语境分析与语法细节。 衔接引导 初中阶段：以识别为主，非谓语动词多作固定搭配或简单成分，逻辑主语通常隐含。 高中阶段：以分析为主，需精准判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的主动/被动关系及时间先后，并选择正确的形式。 【初中非谓语动词考点聚焦】 一、动词不定式 考点1 作宾语与宾语补足语 1．I want ______ (go) to the park with you. 【答案】to go 【解析】want to do sth. 为固定搭配。 2．He told me ______ (not play) football in the street. 【答案】not to play 【解析】tell sb. not to do sth. 为固定句型，不定式作宾语补足语。 3．She hopes ______ (be) a teacher when she grows up. 【答案】to be 【解析】hope to do sth. 为固定搭配。 考点2 作目的状语 4．He got up early ______ (catch) the first bus. 【答案】to catch 【解析】表示“为了”，用不定式作目的状语。 5．She went to the library ______ (borrow) some books. 【答案】to borrow 【解析】表示“去图书馆的目的”，用不定式作目的状语。 二、动名词 考点1 作主语与宾语 1．______ (Swim) is good for health. 【答案】Swimming 【解析】动名词作主语，谓语用单数。 2．I enjoy ______ (read) English novels. 【答案】reading 【解析】enjoy后接动名词作宾语。 3．He is good at ______ (play) basketball. 【答案】playing 【解析】be good at后接动名词。 三、分词 考点1 现在分词与过去分词作定语 1．The boy ______ (stand) under the tree is my brother. 【答案】standing 【解析】stand与boy是主动关系，用现在分词作定语。 2．The book ______ (write) by Mo Yan is very popular. 【答案】written 【解析】write与book是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。 【高中非谓语动词考点聚焦】 课标解读 非谓语动词是江苏高考语法填空、短文改错、书面表达的核心考点，贯穿高中英语全程。重点考查： 1. 非谓语动词六大句法功能（主、宾、表、定、状、补）； 2. 逻辑主语一致性； 3. 时态与语态（to do/to be done/doing/being done/done）； 4. 固定句型与特殊结构。 考点清单 一、非谓语动词三大分类 1.动词不定式 (to do) 基本形式：to do（主动 / 将来）；to be done（被动 / 将来） 特殊：to have done（主动完成）；to have been done（被动完成） 2.动名词 (doing) 基本形式：doing（主动）；being done（被动） 特殊：having done（主动完成）；having been done（被动完成） 3.分词 现在分词：doing（主动 / 进行） 过去分词：done（被动 / 完成） 二、非谓语动词句法功能（核心） 成分 用法 例句 主语 doing（抽象习惯）；to do（具体动作） Reading books is useful.It is useful to read books. 宾语 只接 to do：want/decide/hope/promise只接 doing：enjoy/mind/practice/avoid可接两者（含义不同）：stop/remember/forget He avoids making mistakes.He hopes to win the game. 表语 说明主语性质 / 内容 My job is to teach.The film is moving. 定语 修饰名词，后置to do（将来）；doing（主动 / 进行）；done（被动 / 完成） I have a lot of work to do.The man standing there is my teacher.The book written by Lu Xun is popular. 状语 表目的 / 原因 / 结果 / 伴随to do（目的）；doing（主动伴随）；done（被动伴随） He went to the shop to buy milk.Seeing the dog, he stopped.Seen from the hill, the park is beautiful. 宾语补足语 感官 / 使役动词后do（全过程）；doing（正在进行）；done（被动） I saw him enter the room.I saw him playing basketball.I had my hair cut. 三、核心重难点 1.逻辑主语一致性 非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需加独立主语。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school.（正确，he 与 being 逻辑一致） 只接 doing 作宾语的高频动词 avoid、mind、enjoy、practice、finish、imagine、suggest、keep、miss、consider 只接 to do 作宾语的高频动词 want、decide、hope、refuse、promise、plan、pretend、offer、afford、prepare 2.被动和完成形式 被动：to be done/being done/done 完成：to have done/having done 3.特殊句型 with复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补（不定式/分词/形容词/介词短语）。 With so much work to do, I can't go out. there be复合结构：there be + 名词 + 不定式/分词。 There is a lot of work to do. 四、独立主格结构 1.定义 当非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，给非谓语动词加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语（表时间、原因、条件、伴随）。 2.核心构成 名词 / 代词 + 非谓语动词（to do /doing/done） 3.分类与用法 名词 / 代词 + doing（主动 / 进行） The weather being fine, we went hiking. 名词 / 代词 + done（被动 / 完成） The work finished, we went home. 名词 / 代词 + to do（将来 / 未做） The plan to be carried out next month, we are preparing. 4.常见固定独立主格 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will have a test. Weather permitting (= If weather permits), we will hold the sports meeting. That being the case, we had to change the plan. 5.重要提醒 独立主格不是句子，前后不能用连词，用逗号与主句连接。 独立主格无谓语动词，这是区别于从句的关键。 一、单词拼写 1. In general, Brazilians are social, p______ face-to face communication to mails or phone calls. 2.As an old saying goes, once b________, twice shy. He doesn’t want to skate again. 3.He was the only spokesman at the meeting r_______________ third world countries. 4.She managed to e__________ from the burning car. 5.We often find it easier to _________ （认识到） other people’s weaknesses than our own. 6.A classmate told me she had seen my friend c________ with another girl saying she had a cold. 【答案】1.preferring 2.bitten 3.representing 4.escape 5.recognize 6.chatting 二、单句语法填空 1.Earth Day, marked on April 22, is an annual event ________ (aim) at raising public awareness about environmental protection. 2.During the Paris Olympics each athlete, whatever their nationality, made every effort ________ (rise) to the challenge and tried to realize their potential. 3.You can’t imagine the great difficulty I had ________ (balance) my schoolwork and leisure time. 4.________ (face) with dangers, we must keep calm. 5.We were having a meal when he met some of his old friends and went off with them, ________ (leave) me to pay the bill. 6.The excellent performances ________ ( give) by the Chinese community in Edinburgh drew waves of warm applause. 7.Tom was unlikely ________ (miss) the early bus because he got up early. 8.Bill is equal to  ________ (run) the office. 9.With the College Entrance Examination ________ (approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted to key universities. 10.The universities have expanded, thus ________ (allow) many more people the chance of higher education. 【答案】 1.aimed 2. to rise 3. balancing 4. Faced 5. leaving 6. given 7.to miss 8. running 9. approaching 10. allowing 1.aimed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：4月22日是地球日，是一项旨在增强公众环保意识的年度活动。这里考查非谓语，设空处作定语修饰前面名词an annual event，an annual event与动词aim之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。 2.to rise【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在巴黎奥运会期间，每一位运动员，不论国籍，都竭尽全力迎接挑战，努力发挥自己的潜力。短语make every effort to do sth.表示“尽一切努力做某事”。 3.balancing【解析】考查固定句型。句意：你无法想象我在平衡学业和休闲时间方面所遇到的巨大困难。I had (balance) my schoolwork and leisure time. 是定语从句，先行词是difficulty，从句省略了关系代词。从句中出现一个固定句型have difficulty doing sth.，意思是“做某事有困难”，所以应该将balance变成balancing。 4.Faced【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对危险，我们必须保持冷静。句中已有谓语动词must keep calm，空处用非谓语动词，be faced with“面临”是固定短语，省略be，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 5.leaving【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正在吃饭的时候，他遇到了几个老朋友，就和他们一起走了，留下我吃午饭付账。leave的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，使用现在分词作结果状语。 6.given【解析】考查过去分词。句意：爱丁堡华人社区的精彩表演赢得了一阵阵热烈掌声。分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的过去分词形式given作后置定语表示被动关系。 7. to miss【解析】考查非谓语。句意：汤姆不可能错过早班公共汽车，因为他起得早。短语be unlikely to do sth.意为“不可能做某事”，空处应用不定式形式to miss。 8. running【解析】考查非谓语。句意：比尔胜任管理办公室的工作。短语be equal to表示“胜任做某事”，to是介词，后面接动名词形式，run动名词形式为running。 9. approaching【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着高考的临近，我强烈建议我们应该珍惜时间，努力学习，考上重点大学。介词with后宾语the College Entrance Examination与approach之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。 10 allowing【解析】考查现在分词。句意：大学都扩大了规模，因而给更多人提供了接受高等教育的机会。由thus 可知，“The universities have expanded”与“giving many more people the chance of higher education”在逻辑上为因果关系，则使用现在分词作结果状语，故填allowing。 一、语法填空（非谓语动词专练） I’m glad 1.________ (receive) your letter. You asked me how 2.________ (learn) English well. Here are some suggestions. First, you should practice 3.________ (listen) to English every day. It’s a good way 4.________ (improve) your listening. Second, you’d better read English articles 5.________ (write) by native speakers. Third, you should try your best 6.________ (speak) English in class. Don’t be afraid of 7.________ (make) mistakes. I also suggest you keep an English diary. It can help you 8.________ (improve) your writing skills. 9.________ (learn) English well takes time and effort, but you will make progress. Weather 10.________ (permit), we will have an English corner this weekend. 【答案】1.to receive 2.to learn 3.listening 4.to improve 5.written 6.to speak 7.making 8.(to) improve 9.Learning 10.permitting 1. to receive【解析】固定搭配 be glad to do sth.（很高兴做某事），不定式作原因状语。 2.to learn【解析】固定结构 how to do sth.（如何做某事），“疑问词 + 不定式” 作宾语。 3.listening【解析】固定搭配 practice doing sth.（练习做某事），practice 后只接动名词作宾语。 4.to improve【解析】固定句型 a good way to do sth.（做某事的好方法），不定式作后置定语。 5.written【解析】articles 与 write 为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，表示 “被母语者写的文章”。 6.to speak【解析】固定搭配 try one’s best to do sth.（尽某人最大努力做某事）。 7.making【解析】固定搭配 be afraid of doing sth.（害怕做某事），介词 of 后接动名词。 8.(to) improve【解析】固定搭配 help sb. (to) do sth.（帮助某人做某事），不定式符号 to 可省略。 9.Learning【解析】动名词作句子主语，表示抽象、习惯性的动作 “学习英语”。 10.permitting【解析】独立主格结构，weather 与 permit 为主动关系，构成 “名词 + 现在分词”，表条件。 二、短文改错（非谓语动词专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 (\) 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 I decide study English hard. I want improve my speaking skills. I enjoy watch English movies. It is interested to learn English by watch movies. I often practice speak English with my classmates. My teacher advises me to keep an English diary. I look forward to make great progress. I think learn English is very important. Weather permit, we will have a party. 【答案】1. decide ∧ study → to 2.want ∧ improve → to 3.watch → watching 4.interested → interesting 5.watch → watching 6.speak → speaking 7.me ∧ keep → to 8.make → making 9.learn → learning 10.permit → permitting 1.decide ∧ study → to 【解析】固定搭配 decide to do sth.（决定做某事），decide 后必须接不定式。 2.want ∧ improve → to 【解析】固定搭配 want to do sth.（想要做某事），want 后接不定式作宾语。 3.watch → watching【解析】固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事），enjoy 后只接动名词。 4.interested → interesting【解析】-ing 形容词修饰事物，表示 “令人…… 的”；-ed 形容词修饰人。此处修饰事，用 interesting。 5.watch → watching【解析】介词 by 后接动名词作宾语，表示 “通过做某事”。 6.speak → speaking【解析】固定搭配 practice doing sth.（练习做某事），practice 后接动名词。 7.me ∧ keep → to【解析】固定搭配 advise sb. to do sth.（建议某人做某事），不定式作宾补。 8.make → making【解析】固定搭配 look forward to doing sth.（期待做某事），to 是介词，后接动名词。 9.learn → learning【解析】动词原形不能作主语，需改用动名词作主语。 10.permit → permitting【解析】独立主格结构，weather 与 permit 主动关系，用现在分词 permitting。 三、完成句子（非谓语动词专练） 1.Despite your efforts, it is not easy ________________ （消除问题；克服困难) 2.You are likely to _________（遇见）books you love to read. 3.There will be a big surprise ___________（等待着某人）her when she gets home tonight! 4.I would like to ________ （找人打扫一下房间）at the weekend. 5.As a whole, ________ （拥有丰富的词汇）is important for English learners. 【答案】1. to smooth out 2.come across 3.waiting for/in store for 4.have my room cleaned 5.having a rich vocabulary 四、阅读理解 In Shakespeare’s HAMLET, Polonius asks the prince, “What are you reading, my Lord?” Hamlet replies, “Words, words, words.” Either as is likely, Hamlet wasn’t interested in what he was reading, or less likely, he didn’t understand the words he was reading. In this case, Polonius should have lent Hamlet a good dictionary. Dictionaries are essential tools for people who like to read. There are so many words in English that even the most educated person will sometimes meet an unfamiliar word and have to look it up. Languages keep changing. too, with new words constantly being added and new meanings being applied to old words. For example, the 12th edition of Xinhua Dictionary, the most popular dictionary in China, has added new words such as “chu xin” “fen si” “er wei ma” etc. As for new meanings, “girl” once meant “a small child of either sex”. And “naughty” didn’t mean you were “enjoying playing tricks”; it meant you were poor. A printed dictionary can’t keep pace with all the changes, which is why most dictionaries have websites and apps to help you keep up-to-date. However, I still prefer printed dictionaries because they give you more definitions and more examples of how a word is used. Even a simple word, such as “set”, has 430 meanings (the most of English words) but an online dictionary would only offer two or three. A printed dictionary also gives you the opportunity to discover new words as you run your finger down the page looking for the word you want. There is no “official” English dictionary, but the Oxford English Dictionary is considered to be the best. For English language learners, however, I would recommend the Collins COBUILD Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Hamlet, by the way, was Danish and a college student. He would have appreciated the Collins Dictionary to help himself with his words, words, words. This dictionary has over 40, 000 words and gives you full-sentence definitions with good examples of how words are used. 1.What’s the purpose of paragraph 1? A. To introduce the topic. B. To let the readers know more about HAMLET. C. To arouse (引起) readers’ interest in Shakespeare. D. To explain when it’s necessary to use a dictionary. 2.Why does the author mention “girl” in paragraph 2? A. To show how powerful Xinhua Dictionary is. B. To support the idea: languages keep changing. C. To prove new words are being added to dictionaries. D. To imply “girl” also means “boy” in some cases. 3.What’s the author’s attitude to printed dictionaries? A. Supportive. B. Unclear. C. concerned. D. Uncaring. 4.What’s the author’s purpose of writing the last paragraph? A. To introduce the history of dictionaries. B. To call on (号召) learners to use dictionaries. C. To recommend Collins Dictionary. D. To explain why Hamlet likes Collins. 【答案】1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要借《哈姆雷特》对话引入词典的重要性，说明语言会变化，对比纸质与线上词典，推荐适合英语学习者的柯林斯词典。 1.细节理解题。根据第一段“In this case, Polonius should have lent Hamlet a good dictionary. (在这种情况下，波洛涅斯本应该借给哈姆雷特一本好词典。)”以及第二段“Dictionaries are essential tools for people who like to read. (词典是喜欢阅读的人的必备工具。)”可知，第一段通过《哈姆雷特》中的对话引出“词典”这一核心话题。故选A项。 2.推理判断题。根据第二段“Languages keep changing. too, with new words constantly being added and new meanings being applied to old words. For example, the 12th edition of Xinhua Dictionary, the most popular dictionary in China, has added new words such as “chu xin” “fen si” “er wei ma” etc. As for new meanings, “girl” once meant “a small child of either sex”. And “naughty” didn’t mean you were “enjoying playing tricks”; it meant you were poor. (语言在不断变化。同样，新单词不断被添加，旧单词也被赋予了新的含义。例如，中国最受欢迎的词典《新华字典》第12版增加了“初心”、“粉丝”、“二维码”等新词。至于新的含义，“女孩”曾经意味着“无论男女的小孩”。“淘气”并不意味着你“喜欢搞恶作剧”；这意味着你是贫穷的。)”可知，作者提到girl，这表明了旧的词被赋予了新的含义，是为了支撑“语言在不断变化”这一观点。故选B项。 3.推理判断题。根据第三段“However, I still prefer printed dictionaries because they give you more definitions and more examples of how a word is used. (然而，我仍然更喜欢纸质词典，因为它们能提供更多的释义和更多关于单词用法的例子。)”以及“A printed dictionary also gives you the opportunity to discover new words as you run your finger down the page looking for the word you want. (纸质词典也让你有机会用手指在页面上寻找你想要的单词时发现新单词。)”可知，作者对纸质词典持支持态度。故选A项。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“For English language learners, however, I would recommend the Collins COBUILD Dictionary for Advanced Learners. (然而，对于英语学习者，我推荐《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》。)”以及后文对该词典的介绍“This dictionary has over 40, 000 words and gives you full-sentence definitions with good examples of how words are used. (这本词典收录了超过 4 万个单词，并提供完整的句子释义以及丰富的单词用法示例。)”可知，作者写最后一段的目的是推荐《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》。故选C项。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $