暑假作业01 现在完成时（基础）（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01 现在完成时基础 一、基本概念 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作从过去开始持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。 二、完整句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 第一 / 二人称单复数、第三人称复数：I/You/We/They have finished the project. 第三人称单数：He/She/It has finished the project. 口语缩写：I've, you've, we've, they've; he's, she's, it's 2. 否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 动词过去分词 I haven't received his letter yet. She hasn't visited the new museum recently. 3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. -Have you been to Shenzhen before? -No, I haven't. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? How many times has he read this book? Where have they gone for their holiday? 三、动词过去分词变化规则 1. 规则动词（4 种核心变化） 1) 一般情况直接加 - ed：work→worked, play→played, visit→visited 2) 以不发音 e 结尾加 - d：live→lived, change→changed, hope→hoped 3) 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - ed：study→studied, carry→carried, worry→worried 4) 重读闭音节（辅元辅）结尾，双写尾字母加 - ed：stop→stopped, plan→planned, shop→shopped 2. 教材必背不规则动词（Unit1 重点） 1) 无变化：come→come, hurt→hurt, put→put 2) 变元音：hold→held, win→won, write→written 3) 变辅音：lend→lent, build→built, send→sent 4) 变元音 + 辅音：catch→caught, forget→forgotten, see→seen 5) 特殊：be→been, have→had, go→gone 四、核心用法与标志词 用法 1：过去发生的动作对现在产生影响 标志词：just（刚刚，肯定句中）, already（已经，肯定句中）, yet（还，否定 / 疑问句末）, recently（最近） I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. 用法 2：动作从过去持续到现在 标志词：since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子，for + 时间段，so far（到目前为止）, up to now（直到现在） He's lived there since he finished college. 五、易错易混概念 1. 第三人称单数主语错用 have，非三单错用 has 错误：He have changed a lot. 正确：He has changed a lot. 2. already 与 yet 位置混淆：already 用于肯定句中间，yet 用于否定 / 疑问句末 错误：I have yet finished my homework. 正确：I have already finished my homework. 3. 误将 just now（一般过去时标志）用于现在完成时 错误：I have seen him just now. 正确：I saw him just now. 4. 不规则动词过去分词拼写错误（如 write→writed，正确：written） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —______ you ______ the new film The Wandering Earth Ⅱ? —Not yet. I plan to watch it with my cousin this weekend. A. Did; see B. Have; seen C. Will; see D. Do; see 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 你看过新电影《流浪地球 2》了吗？—— 还没有。我计划这周末和表弟一起看。考查现在完成时，答句中的 "Not yet" 是现在完成时的标志性回答，其一般疑问句结构为 "Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词"，主语是 you，助动词用 have，see 的过去分词是 seen。 2. My father ______ in Nanjing for over 20 years. He loves this city very much. A. has lived B. lived C. lives D. will live 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我爸爸已经在南京住了 20 多年了。他非常爱这座城市。考查现在完成时，"for + 一段时间" 是现在完成时的时间状语，表示动作从过去持续到现在，主语 My father 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，live 的过去分词是 lived。 3. —Where is Tom? —He ______ to the library. He will be back in ten minutes. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—— 汤姆在哪里？—— 他去图书馆了。他十分钟后回来。考查现在完成时中 has gone to 与 has been to 的区别：has gone to 表示 "去了某地（现在还没回来）"；has been to 表示 "去过某地（现在已经回来）"。根据答句 "He will be back in ten minutes" 可知汤姆未回。 4. I ______ my homework just now, but I ______ my English homework yet. A. finished; haven't done B. have finished; haven't done C. finished; didn't do D. have finished; didn't do 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我刚才完成了我的作业，但我还没做英语作业。考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别："just now" 是一般过去时的标志，第一个空用 finished；"yet" 是现在完成时的标志，用于否定句，第二个空用 haven't done。 5. —How many English songs ______ you ______ so far? —About thirty. I really enjoy singing English songs. A. did; learn B. have; learned C. do; learn D. will; learn 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 到目前为止你学了多少首英文歌？—— 大约三十首。我真的很喜欢唱英文歌。考查现在完成时，"so far"（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，其特殊疑问句结构为 "特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词"。 6. She ______ already ______ her bedroom. It looks clean and tidy now. A. has; clean B. has; cleaned C. have; clean D. have; cleaned 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她已经打扫完她的卧室了。现在看起来干净又整洁。考查现在完成时，"already" 是现在完成时的标志，用于肯定句，主语 She 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，clean 的过去分词是 cleaned。 7. —______ has he been a volunteer in the community? —Since last year. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 他在社区当志愿者多久了？—— 从去年开始。考查疑问词组辨析：How long（多长时间），用于询问动作持续的时长，答句常用 "for + 时间段" 或 "since + 时间点"；How often（多久一次）问频率；How soon（多久以后）问将来时间；How far（多远）问距离。 8. —Has your brother ever been to Beijing? —______. He went there with our parents last summer. A. Yes, he has B. No, he hasn't C. Yes, he did D. No, he didn't 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 你哥哥去过北京吗？—— 是的，他去过。他去年夏天和我们的父母一起去的。考查现在完成时一般疑问句的回答，以 Has 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 "Yes, 主语 + has"，否定回答用 "No, 主语 + hasn't"。根据答句后半句可知是肯定回答。 9. Don't worry. We ______ enough food and water for the camping trip. A. prepare B. prepared C. have prepared D. will prepare 【答案】C 【解析】句意：别担心。我们已经为露营旅行准备了足够的食物和水。考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响（现在不用担心食物和水不够），用现在完成时 have prepared。 10. Which of the following sentences is WRONG? A. I have just received a letter from my pen pal. B. She hasn't finished her report yet. C. They have gone to Shanghai twice. D. We have lived here since 2010. 【答案】C 【解析】句意：下列哪个句子是错误的？考查 have gone to 与 have been to 的用法：have gone to 表示 "去了某地未回"，不能与表示次数的词（如 twice）连用；表示 "去过某地多少次" 要用 have been to。C 选项应改为 "They have been to Shanghai twice."。A、B、D 选项语法均正确。 二、完成句子： 按要求完成下列各题，每空一词。 1. I have already read this novel.（改为否定句） I ______ read this novel ______. 【答案】haven’t; yet 【解析】原句句意：我已经读过这本小说了。转换规则：现在完成时否定句结构为 "主语 + have/has+not + 过去分词"。主语是 I，助动词用 have，否定式缩写为 haven't。原句中的already是肯定句专属标志，在否定句和疑问句中必须替换为yet，且yet固定放在句末。 2. He has been to the Great Wall three times.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ he ______ to the Great Wall three times? —No, ______ ______. 【答案】Has; been; he hasn’t 【解析】原句句意：他去过长城三次了。转换规则：现在完成时一般疑问句结构为 "Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？"。主语 he 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has 并提前至句首。否定回答遵循固定格式 "No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't."，主语仍用 he，对应助动词 hasn't。 3. They have worked in this factory for ten years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ they worked in this factory? 【答案】How long have 【解析】原句句意：他们在这家工厂工作了十年。转换规则：划线部分for ten years表示动作持续的时间段，对时间段提问必须用特殊疑问词How long（多久）。剩余部分变为一般疑问句语序，将助动词 have 提到主语 they 之前。 4. My sister has bought a new dress.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ your sister ______? 【答案】What has; bought 【解析】原句句意：我姐姐买了一条新裙子。转换规则：划线部分a new dress是动作的对象（事物），对事物提问用特殊疑问词What。主语 your sister 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has 并提前，过去分词bought保持不变。 5. The old man has lived in this village since he was born.（改为同义句） The old man has lived in this village ______ ______ ______. 【答案】all his life 【解析】原句句意：这位老人从出生起就住在这个村子里。转换规则：since he was born（自从他出生以来）表示从过去某个起点一直持续到现在的完整时间段，与all his life（他的一生）语义完全等同，可直接替换。 6. 我们已经完成了科学实验。（汉译英） We ______ ______ the science experiment. 【答案】have finished 【解析】中文句意：我们已经完成了科学实验。转换规则：中文 "已经" 是现在完成时的核心标志，结构为 "have/has + 过去分词"。主语是 we，助动词用 have；"完成"finish 的过去分词是 finished。 7. 她还没有决定去哪里度假。（汉译英） She ______ ______ where to go for her holiday ______. 【答案】hasn’t decided; yet 【解析】中文句意：她还没有决定去哪里度假。转换规则：中文 "还没有" 提示用现在完成时否定句。主语 she 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has，否定式为 hasn't；"决定"decide 的过去分词是 decided；否定句末尾用yet表示 "还、尚未"。 8. 你曾经骑过共享单车（shared bike）吗？（汉译英） ______ you ______ ______ a shared bike? 【答案】Have; ever ridden 【解析】中文句意：你曾经骑过共享单车吗？转换规则：中文 "曾经" 是现在完成时一般疑问句的标志，用副词ever表示，放在主语和过去分词之间。主语是 you，助动词用 have；"骑"ride 的过去分词是不规则变化ridden。 9. 到目前为止，我们已经种了五十棵树。（汉译英） ______ ______, we ______ ______ fifty trees. 【答案】So far; have planted 【解析】中文句意：到目前为止，我们已经种了五十棵树。转换规则："到目前为止" 的固定英文表达是So far，是现在完成时最典型的时间状语。主语是 we，助动词用 have；"种植"plant 的过去分词是 planted。 10. Jim has written three letters to his friend.（用 last month 改写句子） Jim ______ three letters to his friend last month. 【答案】wrote 【解析】原句句意：吉姆已经给他的朋友写了三封信。转换规则：last month（上个月）是一般过去时的标志性时间状语，因此必须将现在完成时改为一般过去时。"写"write 的过去式是不规则变化wrote。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our class has started a "Green School" project since last term. We 1 many things to make our school more beautiful and environmentally friendly. First, we 2 a recycling club. Students can bring their old books, bottles and paper to the club. So far, we 3 over 500 kilograms of waste things. We sold them and gave the money to the children in poor areas. Second, we have planted many trees and flowers around the school. Last month, we 4 twenty trees by the playground. Now they 5 to grow well. Our teacher says they will make the air much fresher in a few years. Third, we have started a "Save Water" campaign. We 6 posters around the school to tell everyone how to save water. We also 7 the broken taps last week. Now no one leaves the taps running when they are not using them. Our head teacher is very happy with our work. She says we 8 a big difference to the school. We 9 the project for almost a year now, and we will continue it next term. We hope more students 10 us and make our school even greener. 1. A. do B. did C. have done D. will do 2. A. start B. started C. have started D. will start 3. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 4. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. will plant 5. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. will begin 6. A. put up B. put on C. have put up D. have put on 7. A. repair B. repaired C. have repaired D. will repair 8. A. make B. made C. have made D. will make 9. A. run B. ran C. have run D. will run 10. A. join B. joined C. have joined D. will join 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者所在班级自上学期启动 “绿色学校” 项目以来，通过成立回收俱乐部、植树种花、开展节水活动等一系列举措建设环保校园的过程与成果，表达了将环保行动持续推进的决心。 1. 句意：我们已经做了很多事来让我们的学校更美丽、更环保。解析：前句有现在完成时标志 "since last term"，强调从过去持续到现在的动作及结果，用现在完成时 have done。 2. 句意：首先，我们成立了一个回收俱乐部。解析：成立俱乐部是过去发生的具体动作，无持续到现在的强调，用一般过去时 started。 3. 句意：到目前为止，我们已经收集了 500 多公斤的废弃物。解析："so far" 是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，用 have collected。 4. 句意：上个月，我们在操场边种了 20 棵树。解析："last month" 是一般过去时的时间标志，用 planted。 5. 句意：现在它们已经开始长得很好了。解析：强调过去种树的动作对现在造成的结果（树长势良好），用现在完成时 have begun。 6. 句意：我们已经在学校周围张贴了海报，告诉大家如何节约用水。解析：强调过去张贴海报的动作对现在的影响（大家知晓节水方法），用现在完成时；put up 意为 “张贴”，put on 意为 “穿上”，故选 have put up。 7. 句意：我们上周也修理了坏掉的水龙头。解析："last week" 是一般过去时的时间标志，用 repaired。 8. 句意：她说我们已经给学校带来了很大的改变。解析：强调过去的环保行动对现在造成的显著影响，用现在完成时 have made。 9. 句意：到现在为止，我们已经开展这个项目快一年了。解析："for almost a year" 是现在完成时的时间标志，表动作持续时长，用 have run。 10. 句意：我们希望更多的学生能加入我们，让我们的学校更绿色。解析：“希望更多学生加入” 是将来发生的动作，用一般将来时 will join。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Nanjing Museum has just opened a new exhibition about the history of Nanjing. The exhibition shows more than 300 old photos, paintings and objects from the past 100 years. It tells the story of how Nanjing has changed since 1920s. I visited the exhibition with my classmates last Saturday. We have never seen so many old things about our city before. The most interesting part for me was the old photos of Nanjing in the 1950s. I was surprised to see that the streets were much narrower and there were fewer cars. People rode bikes or walked everywhere. Our teacher told us that Nanjing has developed very fast in the past 30 years. Now we have tall buildings, wide roads and modern subways. But some old buildings are still kept to show the history of the city. I think it's important to remember the past while enjoying the modern life. The exhibition will be open until the end of August. If you haven't visited it yet, I strongly recommend you go. It's a great chance to learn about the history of our beautiful city. 1. What is the new exhibition in Nanjing Museum about? A. The history of China. B. The history of Nanjing. C. Modern art. D. Old cars. 2. When did the writer visit the exhibition? A. Last Sunday. B. Last Saturday. C. Last Monday. D. Last Friday. 3. What was the most interesting part for the writer? A. The old paintings. B. The old objects. C. The old photos of Nanjing in the 1950s. D. The modern subways. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The exhibition shows more than 500 old things. B. The writer has visited the exhibition twice. C. Nanjing has developed very fast in the past 30 years. D. All old buildings in Nanjing have been pulled down. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The writer introduces a great exhibition in Nanjing Museum. B. Nanjing has changed a lot in the past 100 years. C. It's important to remember the past. D. The writer loves Nanjing very much. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，作者介绍了自己上周六参观南京博物馆新开设的南京历史展的经历，描述了展览的核心内容、个人参观感受，并向读者强烈推荐这个展览，呼吁大家借此了解南京的城市历史。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第一句 “Nanjing Museum has just opened a new exhibition about the history of Nanjing” 可知，展览主题是南京的历史，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第一句 “I visited the exhibition with my classmates last Saturday” 可知，作者上周六参观了展览，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第三句 “The most interesting part for me was the old photos of Nanjing in the 1950s” 可知，作者最感兴趣的部分是 20 世纪 50 年代南京的老照片，故选 C。 4. 细节判断题。解析：A 项错误，展览展示 300 多件物品而非 500 件；B 项错误，作者此前从未见过这么多关于南京的老物件，是第一次参观；C 项正确，根据第三段第一句 “Our teacher told us that Nanjing has developed very fast in the past 30 years” 可知；D 项错误，一些老建筑被保留了下来，并非全部被拆除。故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。解析：全文围绕南京博物馆的南京历史展展开，依次介绍了展览内容、作者的参观体验和推荐理由，核心是向读者介绍这个优质展览，故选 A。 B Li Ming is a Grade 8 student in Suqian. He has always been interested in science. Last year, he started a small project to make a robot that can help clean the house. At first, it was very difficult. Li Ming spent many hours reading books and watching videos about robots. He has failed many times, but he never gave up. He has improved his robot three times since he started the project. Now his robot can do some simple housework. It can sweep the floor, pick up small things and even water the plants. Li Ming's parents are very proud of him. They say he has become more creative and hard-working because of this project. Li Ming has entered his robot in the city science competition. The competition will be held next month. He has prepared a lot for it. He hopes he can win a prize. But even if he doesn't, he says he will continue to improve his robot. He wants to make it smarter and more useful in the future. 1. What is Li Ming's project about? A. Making a robot that can help clean the house. B. Growing plants. C. Writing a science book. D. Taking photos. 2. How many times has Li Ming improved his robot? A. Twice. B. Three times. C. Four times. D. Five times. 3. What can Li Ming's robot do now? A. Cook meals. B. Wash clothes. C. Sweep the floor. D. Clean the windows. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Li Ming's robot is the best in the city. B. Li Ming will give up if he doesn't win the competition. C. The project has made Li Ming a better student. D. Li Ming's parents don't support his project. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Clever Boy B. My Hobby C. Li Ming's Robot Project D. The City Science Competition 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了宿迁八年级学生李明制作家务机器人的项目经历，包括他克服困难、多次改进机器人的过程、取得的成果、参加城市科学竞赛的准备以及未来继续完善机器人的计划，展现了他热爱科学、坚持不懈的品质。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段最后一句 “Last year, he started a small project to make a robot that can help clean the house.” 可知，李明的项目是制作能帮忙打扫房子的机器人，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段最后一句 “He has improved his robot three times since he started the project.” 可知，李明已经将机器人改进了三次，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第三段第二句 “It can sweep the floor, pick up small things and even water the plants.” 可知，李明的机器人现在可以扫地，故选 C。 4. 推理判断题。解析：根据第三段最后一句 “They say he has become more creative and hard-working because of this project.” 可推断，这个项目让李明变得更优秀。A 项文中未提及机器人是全市最好的；B 项与原文 “even if he doesn't, he says he will continue to improve his robot” 相反；D 项与原文 “Li Ming's parents are very proud of him” 相反。故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。解析：全文围绕李明的机器人项目展开，依次介绍了项目启动、改进过程、成果、参赛准备和未来计划，核心是李明的机器人项目。A 项过于宽泛；B 项人称和主题不符；D 项只是文章的部分内容。故选 C。 C San Tai Mountain Forest Park is one of the most beautiful places in Suqian. It covers an area of about 12.7 square kilometers. The park has many different kinds of plants and animals. It is a great place for people to relax and enjoy nature. In the past, the area was not so beautiful. There were many factories around and the environment was polluted. But since 2010, the government has done a lot to improve the environment. They closed the polluting factories and planted millions of trees. They also built many lakes and gardens in the park. Now San Tai Mountain Forest Park has become a popular tourist attraction. Every year, millions of visitors come here from all over the country. They can walk in the forests, go boating on the lakes, or have a picnic in the gardens. Many visitors say they have never seen such a beautiful place before. The government has also built some facilities for visitors, such as parking lots, restaurants and toilets. They have also started a "Protect the Forest" campaign to tell visitors how to take care of the environment. Now most visitors have developed good habits and do not litter in the park. 1. How large is San Tai Mountain Forest Park? A. About 10 square kilometers. B. About 12.7 square kilometers. C. About 15 square kilometers. D. About 20 square kilometers. 2. What was the area like in the past? A. It was very beautiful. B. It was a popular tourist attraction. C. There were many factories and the environment was polluted. D. There were many lakes and gardens. 3. When did the government start to improve the environment? A. In 2000. B. In 2005. C. In 2010. D. In 2015. 4. What does the underlined word "facilities" mean in Chinese? A. 设施 B. 建筑 C. 服务 D. 设备 5. What is the writer's attitude towards San Tai Mountain Forest Park? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Neutral. D. Worried. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了宿迁三台山森林公园的基本概况，重点讲述了该地区从过去环境污染严重到如今成为热门旅游景点的巨大转变，以及政府为改善生态环境、提升游客体验所采取的一系列措施。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第二句 “It covers an area of about 12.7 square kilometers.” 可知，公园面积约 12.7 平方公里，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段前两句 “In the past, the area was not so beautiful. There were many factories around and the environment was polluted.” 可知，过去该地区工厂众多、环境污染严重，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第二段第三句 “But since 2010, the government has done a lot to improve the environment.” 可知，政府从 2010 年开始改善环境，故选 C。 4. 词义猜测题。解析：根据后文举例 “such as parking lots, restaurants and toilets” 可知，停车场、餐厅、厕所都属于为游客提供的公共设施，故选 A。 5. 观点态度题。解析：全文客观介绍了三台山森林公园的美丽风光、环境改善成果和完善的配套服务，用词积极正面，表达了作者对该公园的认可与赞赏，态度是积极的，故选 B。 D I am an exchange student from Canada. I have been in Nanjing for six months now. I have had a wonderful time here and I have learned a lot about Chinese culture. When I first arrived, I couldn't speak any Chinese. But now I can speak a little and I can understand most of what people say. I have made many Chinese friends. They have helped me a lot with my Chinese and they have introduced me to many interesting things about China. I have tried many kinds of Chinese food. My favorite is dumplings. I have also learned to make dumplings with my host family. It was very fun. I have visited many places of interest in Nanjing, such as the Confucius Temple, the Presidential Palace and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. I think Nanjing is a beautiful city with a long history. I have also learned about Chinese festivals. I celebrated the Spring Festival with my host family in February. It was the most exciting festival I have ever experienced. We ate dumplings, watched the Spring Festival Gala and set off fireworks. I have never had so much fun before. I will go back to Canada next month. I will miss Nanjing and my Chinese friends very much. But I have promised them that I will come back to visit them again someday. 1. How long has the writer been in Nanjing? A. For three months. B. For six months. C. For one year. D. For two years. 2. What is the writer's favorite Chinese food? A. Noodles. B. Rice. C. Dumplings. D. Hot pot. 3. Which place has the writer NOT visited in Nanjing? A. The Confucius Temple. B. The Presidential Palace. C. The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. D. Nanjing Museum. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer can speak Chinese very well now. B. The writer doesn't like Chinese food. C. The writer has enjoyed her stay in Nanjing. D. The writer will never come back to China. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The writer introduces Chinese culture. B. The writer's experience as an exchange student in Nanjing. C. The writer's favorite places in Nanjing. D. The Spring Festival in China. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，作者以加拿大交换生的视角，讲述了自己在南京六个月的生活经历，涵盖了学习中文、结交朋友、品尝美食、游览名胜、体验春节等内容，展现了中国文化的魅力，也表达了对南京和中国朋友的不舍与留恋。 1. 细节理解题。解析：根据第一段第二句 “I have been in Nanjing for six months now.” 可知，作者已在南京待了六个月，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。解析：根据第三段第二句 “My favorite is dumplings.” 可知，作者最喜欢的中国食物是饺子，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。解析：根据第三段第四句 “I have visited many places of interest in Nanjing, such as the Confucius Temple, the Presidential Palace and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.” 可知，作者未提及参观南京博物馆，故选 D。 4. 推理判断题。解析：根据第一段第三句 “I have had a wonderful time here” 及全文积极的情感基调，可推断作者在南京过得很愉快。A 项错误，作者仅能说一点中文；B 项错误，作者喜欢中国食物并学会了包饺子；D 项错误，作者承诺将来会回来探望朋友。故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。解析：全文围绕作者作为交换生在南京的生活展开，依次介绍了语言学习、人际交往、饮食体验、景点游览和节日感受，核心是作者的南京交换生经历。A、C、D 均为文章的部分内容，不能概括全文主旨。故选 B。 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 My Reading Journey I have always loved reading. Since I was a little girl, I have s____1____ many hours reading books. I have read different kinds of books, such as storybooks, science books and history books. I have a bookshelf in my bedroom. I have c____2____ over 200 books so far. My favorite books are the Harry Potter series. I have read them three t____3____ and I still love them. I have also read many Chinese classics, such as Journey to the West and Dream of the Red Chamber. They have t____4____ me a lot about Chinese culture and history. Reading has changed my life in many ways. It has made me more knowledgeable and creative. It has also helped me improve my writing skills. I have w____5____ several short stories and I hope to become a writer in the future. I have j____6____ a reading club at school. We meet every Friday afternoon to share our favorite books and talk about them. We have also organized some book fairs and charity activities. We have r____7____ money for children in poor areas by selling old books. I have made many friends through reading. We often exchange books and discuss our ideas. I have l____8____ a lot from them. Reading has also opened up a whole new world to me. I have learned about different countries and cultures without leaving my home. I will continue reading for the rest of my life. I have already made a reading plan for the summer holiday. I plan to read 15 books during the holiday. I am sure I will have a great time reading and I will learn a lot m____9____. Reading is not just a hobby for me. It is a way of life. I hope more people will f____10____ in love with reading and enjoy the wonderful world of books. 【答案】1. spent 2. collected 3. times 4. taught 5. written 6. joined 7. raised 8. learned/learnt 9. more 10. fall 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，作者以第一人称视角讲述了自己的阅读之旅，分享了从小养成的阅读习惯、收藏的书籍、阅读带来的成长与改变，以及参加读书俱乐部的经历，表达了对阅读的热爱，并呼吁更多人爱上阅读。 1. 句意：从我还是个小女孩起，我就花了很多时间读书。解析：现在完成时结构 have + 过去分词；固定搭配 spend time doing sth（花费时间做某事），spend 的过去分词是 spent。 2. 句意：到目前为止，我已经收藏了 200 多本书。解析：现在完成时结构 have + 过去分词；结合语境 “书架”“200 多本书”，填 collect（收藏）的过去分词 collected。 3. 句意：我已经读了三遍了，仍然很喜欢它们。解析：表示次数用 time，前面有 three，用复数形式 times。 4. 句意：它们教会了我很多关于中国文化和历史的知识。解析：现在完成时结构 have + 过去分词；teach sb sth（教某人某事），teach 的过去分词是 taught。 5. 句意：我已经写了几个短篇故事，希望将来成为一名作家。解析：现在完成时结构 have + 过去分词；结合 “成为作家”，填 write（写）的过去分词 written。 6. 句意：我在学校加入了一个读书俱乐部。解析：现在完成时结构 have + 过去分词；join a club（加入俱乐部），join 的过去分词是 joined。 7. 句意：我们通过卖旧书为贫困地区的孩子筹集了资金。解析：现在完成时结构 have + 过去分词；固定搭配 raise money（筹钱），raise 的过去分词是 raised。 8. 句意：我从他们身上学到了很多。解析：现在完成时结构 have + 过去分词；learn from sb（向某人学习），learn 的过去分词是 learned/learnt。 9. 句意：我相信我会读得很开心，也会学到更多。解析：a lot more（更多），修饰动词 learn，符合语境。 10. 句意：我希望更多的人会爱上阅读，享受书籍的精彩世界。解析：固定搭配 fall in love with（爱上）；will 后接动词原形，故填 fall。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业01 现在完成时基础 一、基本概念 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作从过去开始持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。 二、完整句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 第一 / 二人称单复数、第三人称复数：I/You/We/They have finished the project. 第三人称单数：He/She/It has finished the project. 口语缩写：I've, you've, we've, they've; he's, she's, it's 2. 否定句：主语 + haven't/hasn't + 动词过去分词 I haven't received his letter yet. She hasn't visited the new museum recently. 3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't. -Have you been to Shenzhen before? -No, I haven't. 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + ...? How many times has he read this book? Where have they gone for their holiday? 三、动词过去分词变化规则 1. 规则动词（4 种核心变化） 1) 一般情况直接加 - ed：work→worked, play→played, visit→visited 2) 以不发音 e 结尾加 - d：live→lived, change→changed, hope→hoped 3) 辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - ed：study→studied, carry→carried, worry→worried 4) 重读闭音节（辅元辅）结尾，双写尾字母加 - ed：stop→stopped, plan→planned, shop→shopped 2. 教材必背不规则动词（Unit1 重点） 1) 无变化：come→come, hurt→hurt, put→put 2) 变元音：hold→held, win→won, write→written 3) 变辅音：lend→lent, build→built, send→sent 4) 变元音 + 辅音：catch→caught, forget→forgotten, see→seen 5) 特殊：be→been, have→had, go→gone 四、核心用法与标志词 用法 1：过去发生的动作对现在产生影响 标志词：just（刚刚，肯定句中）, already（已经，肯定句中）, yet（还，否定 / 疑问句末）, recently（最近） I've just found out many things about Shenzhen from my uncle. 用法 2：动作从过去持续到现在 标志词：since + 时间点 / 一般过去时句子，for + 时间段，so far（到目前为止）, up to now（直到现在） He's lived there since he finished college. 五、易错易混概念 1. 第三人称单数主语错用 have，非三单错用 has 错误：He have changed a lot. 正确：He has changed a lot. 2. already 与 yet 位置混淆：already 用于肯定句中间，yet 用于否定 / 疑问句末 错误：I have yet finished my homework. 正确：I have already finished my homework. 3. 误将 just now（一般过去时标志）用于现在完成时 错误：I have seen him just now. 正确：I saw him just now. 4. 不规则动词过去分词拼写错误（如 write→writed，正确：written） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —______ you ______ the new film The Wandering Earth Ⅱ? —Not yet. I plan to watch it with my cousin this weekend. A. Did; see B. Have; seen C. Will; see D. Do; see 2. My father ______ in Nanjing for over 20 years. He loves this city very much. A. has lived B. lived C. lives D. will live 3. —Where is Tom? —He ______ to the library. He will be back in ten minutes. A. goes B. went C. has gone D. has been 4. I ______ my homework just now, but I ______ my English homework yet. A. finished; haven't done B. have finished; haven't done C. finished; didn't do D. have finished; didn't do 5. —How many English songs ______ you ______ so far? —About thirty. I really enjoy singing English songs. A. did; learn B. have; learned C. do; learn D. will; learn 6. She ______ already ______ her bedroom. It looks clean and tidy now. A. has; clean B. has; cleaned C. have; clean D. have; cleaned 7. —______ has he been a volunteer in the community? —Since last year. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 8. —Has your brother ever been to Beijing? —______. He went there with our parents last summer. A. Yes, he has B. No, he hasn't C. Yes, he did D. No, he didn't 9. Don't worry. We ______ enough food and water for the camping trip. A. prepare B. prepared C. have prepared D. will prepare 10. Which of the following sentences is WRONG? A. I have just received a letter from my pen pal. B. She hasn't finished her report yet. C. They have gone to Shanghai twice. D. We have lived here since 2010. 二、完成句子： 按要求完成下列各题，每空一词。 1. I have already read this novel.（改为否定句） I ______ read this novel ______. 2. He has been to the Great Wall three times.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ he ______ to the Great Wall three times? —No, ______ ______. 3. They have worked in this factory for ten years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ ______ they worked in this factory? 4. My sister has bought a new dress.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ your sister ______? 5. The old man has lived in this village since he was born.（改为同义句） The old man has lived in this village ______ ______ ______. 6. 我们已经完成了科学实验。（汉译英） We ______ ______ the science experiment. 7. 她还没有决定去哪里度假。（汉译英） She ______ ______ where to go for her holiday ______. 8. 你曾经骑过共享单车（shared bike）吗？（汉译英） ______ you ______ ______ a shared bike? 9. 到目前为止，我们已经种了五十棵树。（汉译英） ______ ______, we ______ ______ fifty trees. 10. Jim has written three letters to his friend.（用 last month 改写句子） Jim ______ three letters to his friend last month. 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our class has started a "Green School" project since last term. We 1 many things to make our school more beautiful and environmentally friendly. First, we 2 a recycling club. Students can bring their old books, bottles and paper to the club. So far, we 3 over 500 kilograms of waste things. We sold them and gave the money to the children in poor areas. Second, we have planted many trees and flowers around the school. Last month, we 4 twenty trees by the playground. Now they 5 to grow well. Our teacher says they will make the air much fresher in a few years. Third, we have started a "Save Water" campaign. We 6 posters around the school to tell everyone how to save water. We also 7 the broken taps last week. Now no one leaves the taps running when they are not using them. Our head teacher is very happy with our work. She says we 8 a big difference to the school. We 9 the project for almost a year now, and we will continue it next term. We hope more students 10 us and make our school even greener. 1. A. do B. did C. have done D. will do 2. A. start B. started C. have started D. will start 3. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 4. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. will plant 5. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. will begin 6. A. put up B. put on C. have put up D. have put on 7. A. repair B. repaired C. have repaired D. will repair 8. A. make B. made C. have made D. will make 9. A. run B. ran C. have run D. will run 10. A. join B. joined C. have joined D. will join 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Nanjing Museum has just opened a new exhibition about the history of Nanjing. The exhibition shows more than 300 old photos, paintings and objects from the past 100 years. It tells the story of how Nanjing has changed since 1920s. I visited the exhibition with my classmates last Saturday. We have never seen so many old things about our city before. The most interesting part for me was the old photos of Nanjing in the 1950s. I was surprised to see that the streets were much narrower and there were fewer cars. People rode bikes or walked everywhere. Our teacher told us that Nanjing has developed very fast in the past 30 years. Now we have tall buildings, wide roads and modern subways. But some old buildings are still kept to show the history of the city. I think it's important to remember the past while enjoying the modern life. The exhibition will be open until the end of August. If you haven't visited it yet, I strongly recommend you go. It's a great chance to learn about the history of our beautiful city. 1. What is the new exhibition in Nanjing Museum about? A. The history of China. B. The history of Nanjing. C. Modern art. D. Old cars. 2. When did the writer visit the exhibition? A. Last Sunday. B. Last Saturday. C. Last Monday. D. Last Friday. 3. What was the most interesting part for the writer? A. The old paintings. B. The old objects. C. The old photos of Nanjing in the 1950s. D. The modern subways. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The exhibition shows more than 500 old things. B. The writer has visited the exhibition twice. C. Nanjing has developed very fast in the past 30 years. D. All old buildings in Nanjing have been pulled down. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The writer introduces a great exhibition in Nanjing Museum. B. Nanjing has changed a lot in the past 100 years. C. It's important to remember the past. D. The writer loves Nanjing very much. B Li Ming is a Grade 8 student in Suqian. He has always been interested in science. Last year, he started a small project to make a robot that can help clean the house. At first, it was very difficult. Li Ming spent many hours reading books and watching videos about robots. He has failed many times, but he never gave up. He has improved his robot three times since he started the project. Now his robot can do some simple housework. It can sweep the floor, pick up small things and even water the plants. Li Ming's parents are very proud of him. They say he has become more creative and hard-working because of this project. Li Ming has entered his robot in the city science competition. The competition will be held next month. He has prepared a lot for it. He hopes he can win a prize. But even if he doesn't, he says he will continue to improve his robot. He wants to make it smarter and more useful in the future. 1. What is Li Ming's project about? A. Making a robot that can help clean the house. B. Growing plants. C. Writing a science book. D. Taking photos. 2. How many times has Li Ming improved his robot? A. Twice. B. Three times. C. Four times. D. Five times. 3. What can Li Ming's robot do now? A. Cook meals. B. Wash clothes. C. Sweep the floor. D. Clean the windows. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Li Ming's robot is the best in the city. B. Li Ming will give up if he doesn't win the competition. C. The project has made Li Ming a better student. D. Li Ming's parents don't support his project. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Clever Boy B. My Hobby C. Li Ming's Robot Project D. The City Science Competition C San Tai Mountain Forest Park is one of the most beautiful places in Suqian. It covers an area of about 12.7 square kilometers. The park has many different kinds of plants and animals. It is a great place for people to relax and enjoy nature. In the past, the area was not so beautiful. There were many factories around and the environment was polluted. But since 2010, the government has done a lot to improve the environment. They closed the polluting factories and planted millions of trees. They also built many lakes and gardens in the park. Now San Tai Mountain Forest Park has become a popular tourist attraction. Every year, millions of visitors come here from all over the country. They can walk in the forests, go boating on the lakes, or have a picnic in the gardens. Many visitors say they have never seen such a beautiful place before. The government has also built some facilities for visitors, such as parking lots, restaurants and toilets. They have also started a "Protect the Forest" campaign to tell visitors how to take care of the environment. Now most visitors have developed good habits and do not litter in the park. 1. How large is San Tai Mountain Forest Park? A. About 10 square kilometers. B. About 12.7 square kilometers. C. About 15 square kilometers. D. About 20 square kilometers. 2. What was the area like in the past? A. It was very beautiful. B. It was a popular tourist attraction. C. There were many factories and the environment was polluted. D. There were many lakes and gardens. 3. When did the government start to improve the environment? A. In 2000. B. In 2005. C. In 2010. D. In 2015. 4. What does the underlined word "facilities" mean in Chinese? A. 设施 B. 建筑 C. 服务 D. 设备 5. What is the writer's attitude towards San Tai Mountain Forest Park? A. Negative. B. Positive. C. Neutral. D. Worried. D I am an exchange student from Canada. I have been in Nanjing for six months now. I have had a wonderful time here and I have learned a lot about Chinese culture. When I first arrived, I couldn't speak any Chinese. But now I can speak a little and I can understand most of what people say. I have made many Chinese friends. They have helped me a lot with my Chinese and they have introduced me to many interesting things about China. I have tried many kinds of Chinese food. My favorite is dumplings. I have also learned to make dumplings with my host family. It was very fun. I have visited many places of interest in Nanjing, such as the Confucius Temple, the Presidential Palace and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. I think Nanjing is a beautiful city with a long history. I have also learned about Chinese festivals. I celebrated the Spring Festival with my host family in February. It was the most exciting festival I have ever experienced. We ate dumplings, watched the Spring Festival Gala and set off fireworks. I have never had so much fun before. I will go back to Canada next month. I will miss Nanjing and my Chinese friends very much. But I have promised them that I will come back to visit them again someday. 1. How long has the writer been in Nanjing? A. For three months. B. For six months. C. For one year. D. For two years. 2. What is the writer's favorite Chinese food? A. Noodles. B. Rice. C. Dumplings. D. Hot pot. 3. Which place has the writer NOT visited in Nanjing? A. The Confucius Temple. B. The Presidential Palace. C. The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. D. Nanjing Museum. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer can speak Chinese very well now. B. The writer doesn't like Chinese food. C. The writer has enjoyed her stay in Nanjing. D. The writer will never come back to China. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The writer introduces Chinese culture. B. The writer's experience as an exchange student in Nanjing. C. The writer's favorite places in Nanjing. D. The Spring Festival in China. 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 My Reading Journey I have always loved reading. Since I was a little girl, I have s____1____ many hours reading books. I have read different kinds of books, such as storybooks, science books and history books. I have a bookshelf in my bedroom. I have c____2____ over 200 books so far. My favorite books are the Harry Potter series. I have read them three t____3____ and I still love them. I have also read many Chinese classics, such as Journey to the West and Dream of the Red Chamber. They have t____4____ me a lot about Chinese culture and history. Reading has changed my life in many ways. It has made me more knowledgeable and creative. It has also helped me improve my writing skills. I have w____5____ several short stories and I hope to become a writer in the future. I have j____6____ a reading club at school. We meet every Friday afternoon to share our favorite books and talk about them. We have also organized some book fairs and charity activities. We have r____7____ money for children in poor areas by selling old books. I have made many friends through reading. We often exchange books and discuss our ideas. I have l____8____ a lot from them. Reading has also opened up a whole new world to me. I have learned about different countries and cultures without leaving my home. I will continue reading for the rest of my life. I have already made a reading plan for the summer holiday. I plan to read 15 books during the holiday. I am sure I will have a great time reading and I will learn a lot m____9____. Reading is not just a hobby for me. It is a way of life. I hope more people will f____10____ in love with reading and enjoy the wonderful world of books. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $