专题08 概要写作（期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪教版

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语期末概要写作，精选8篇不同主题真题，通过结构化文本训练信息归纳与整合能力，提升语言理解与表达素养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |概要写作训练|8篇期末真题（含社会现象、健康、科技等主题）|选取说明文/议论文，要求提炼主旨与关键信息|通过现象-原因-措施、问题-解决等文本结构，培养分析归纳能力，强化思维的逻辑性与语言表达的精准性|

专题08 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市浦东新区川沙中学·期末） Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了为何人们难以戒除多任务处理的习惯。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Most of us do multitasking almost daily. Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. ②Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine. ③This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. ④To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity, you simply have to commit to it and have the self-discipline to stick to one task at a time. 2.缜密构思 将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，阐述多任务处理的弊端，第4个要点单独作为解决措施。 3.遣词造句 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. 运用了一个复杂的主从复合句，对原文第1-2段进行了概括。其中that引导了宾语从句，表达高级。 【高分句型2】To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus.运用了一个不定式作目的状语的句子，对原文第3段进行了概括。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末）China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. In 2015, the nation only had 113.6 million users of food delivery services. By June 2023, this number had soared to 534.88 million. This highlights the rapid embrace of delivery platforms across the country. The demographic landscape (人口统计形势) of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. In 2015, white-collar workers comprised 63% of users, while students accounted for 30.5%. By 2019, a dramatic transformation had occurred. White-collar workers now make up 83% of users and students only10%. Furthermore, women constitute 51% of food delivery app users. About 85% of users fall within the 18to 40 age range. Food delivery services in China have surpassed (超过) those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. This is due to intense competition among providers like Ele.me and Meituan. These companies are in fierce price wars and offer generous discounts and coupons (优惠券) to customers. This makes online food orders more affordable than dining out. Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. A survey conducted in March 2020 revealed that about 67% of the 7,220 Chinese food delivery users surveyed cited laziness as the reason for ordering instead of dining out. In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. This rapid growth not only reflects the convenience-driven demands of modern life but also showcases the innovation of the food service sector. As such, food delivery is sure to remain an important aspect of Chinese dining habits. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国外卖服务的显著增长、用户人口统计变化、其受欢迎程度超过西方国家的原因以及未来展望。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. ②The demographic landscape of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. ③Food delivery services in China have surpassed those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. ④Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. ⑤In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行概括，将第2个要点进行概括，将第3、4个要点进行整合，将第5个要点进行概括。 3.遣词造句 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023.（运用了with复合结构对原文第一段进行概括） 【高分句型2】It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture.（运用了现在分词suggesting作状语，省略引导词that的宾语从句，对原文第2-5段进行概括） Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区市西中学·期末） The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】For reference: Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. Resuming tasks, particularly complex ones, takes time and effort. Moreover, frequent interruptions can lower motivation. A practical solution is to consciously limit daily digital interruptions to stay productive. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了数字干扰会降低工作效率，介绍了其带来的负面影响，并提出设置“专注时间”来限制数字干扰以提高效率的解决办法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. ②Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. ③Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. ④To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. 2. 缜密构思 将第1点说明数字干扰影响效率；第2点说明设备初衷与现状；第3点说明数字干扰带来的其他负面影响；第4点提出解决办法。 3. 遣词造句 Research indicates digital distractions reduce productivity. Smartphones, initially for convenience, now often interrupt daily life. Digital distractions waste time, lower motivation and make it hard to refocus. Setting “focus hours” can limit digital interruptions and boost efficiency. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. (运用了although引导省略的让步状语从句) Passage 1 Stop Being a People-pleaser Imagine this: a relative calls and says she is planning to visit you for the holidays, but you had your heart set on a quiet celebration with your family. Not wanting to disappoint her, you agree, and suddenly your holiday plans have become hers. If this situation sounds familiar, you may be a people pleaser. Instead of saying no to things you really don’t want to do, you say yes. While it’s reasonable to be a team player at work or be kind to family members, you have to do it at your own expense, which is unwise and unhealthy. But where does people-pleasing come from? More often than not, it’s a learned behavior from childhood. If you grew up in a family where you were not allowed to have a say, you may have learned to stay quiet to avoid unpleasant consequences. Additionally, there are several different characteristics that may contribute to people-pleasing. Perfectionists, for example, often assume that others hold the same high standards as they do for themselves. Consequently, afraid of not living up to these imagined expectations, they tend to prioritize others’ needs. Luckily, it’s possible to break away from the habit of pleasing others. It starts with saying no — awkward and uncomfortable though it may be, your well-being depends on it. Setting simple boundaries to protect your time, energy, and emotions also works. For example, don’t answer work emails after hours, stop lending money to that relative who never pays you back, or tell a friend who disrespects you, “Please don’t talk to me that way”. Finally, practice treating yourself as well as you treat others. You may have been raised to think caring for yourself is selfish, but always putting others before yourself will only wear you out. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Many people are people-pleasers who often please others by saying yes to things they dislike at their own expense, which is unwise and unhealthy. It results from childhood experiences and personal traits of perfectionism. To change the situation, we can get rid of it by saying no to others, setting boundaries and caring for ourselves. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了讨好型人格的常见表现，说明这种牺牲自我去迎合他人的行为是不明智且不健康的，分析了它源于童年经历与个人性格，并给出了学会拒绝、设立界限、善待自己等改正方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Instead of saying no to things you really don’t want to do, you say yes. ②You have to do it at your own expense, which is unwise and unhealthy. ③People-pleasing is a learned behavior from childhood. ④Several different characteristics may contribute to people-pleasing. ⑤It’s possible to break away from the habit of pleasing others. ⑥Setting simple boundaries to protect your time, energy, and emotions also works. ⑦Practice treating yourself as well as you treat others. 2. 缜密构思将①②两个要点整合，概括讨好型人格的表现与危害；将③④两个要点合并，说明其形成原因；将⑤⑥⑦三个要点重组，梳理出摆脱这一习惯的具体方法。 3. 遣词造句 Many people are people-pleasers who often please others by saying yes to things they dislike at their own expense, which is unwise and unhealthy. It results from childhood experiences and personal traits of perfectionism. To change the situation, we can get rid of it by saying no to others, setting boundaries and caring for ourselves. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Many people are people-pleasers who often please others by saying yes to things they dislike at their own expense, which is unwise and unhealthy. (运用非限制性定语从句对原文第一段进行概括，which指代前文整件事，表达高级。) 【高分句型2】 To change the situation, we can get rid of it by saying no to others, setting boundaries and caring for ourselves.(运用三个并列动名词短语作方式状语，清晰概括原文第三段内容，结构工整，表达高级。) Passage 2 Endangered Species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why-species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport (消遣). Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea from their bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks have all become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark’s fin soup. So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face a financial penalty (处罚). Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. The main reason is habitat destruction caused by humans moving into new areas and pollution. Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect habitat and ban hunting and fishing. (58 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了濒危物种的概念，阐述了物种濒危主要是由人类活动导致，如栖息地破坏、捕猎和过度捕捞，最后提出个人和政府应合作保护濒危物种。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. ②There are many reasons why species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. ③Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. ④Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. ⑤So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? ⑥If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. 2. 缜密构思 将第1个要点提炼出濒危物种的定义；将第2、3、4三个要点整合说明物种濒危的原因；将第5、6两个要点整合提出个人和政府应合作保护濒危物种。 3. 遣词造句 Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species. The endangerment of species is mainly caused by humans, including habitat destruction and hunting and fishing. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect endangered species. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. (运用了关系代词which引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. (运用了动名词短语作表语) Passage 3 How to Develop Healthy Digital Habits In today’s digital world, teenagers spend increasing amounts of time on screens, which can negatively impact their physical and mental health. Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Experts recommend taking regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Turning off notifications during study time helps maintain concentration. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Following educational or inspirational accounts rather than those promoting unrealistic standards can boost mental well-being. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. Open discussions about responsible technology use, cyberbullying prevention, and critical thinking about online information should be encouraged. Teachers can incorporate digital literacy into their curriculum to help students navigate the online world safely. By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. Healthy digital habits formed during school years will serve students well throughout their lives in our increasingly connected world. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers. Key strategies include setting screen time limits, creating screen-free zones, choosing positive online content, and balancing online activities with offline ones. Parents and schools should promote digital wellness through education and open discussions. These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章论述了培养青少年健康数字习惯的重要性。关键策略包括设定屏幕使用时间限制、创建无屏幕区域、选择积极的网络内容以及平衡线上活动与线下活动。家长和学校应当通过教育和开放的交流来促进数字健康。这些习惯有助于青少年安全地使用技术，同时保持身心健康。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. ②The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. ③Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. ④By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers. Key strategies include setting screen time limits, creating screen-free zones, choosing positive online content, and balancing online activities with offline ones. Parents and schools should promote digital wellness through education and open discussions. These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers.运用动名词作宾语原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health.运用了状语从句的省略对最后一段进行了概括。 Passage 4 Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation that strengthens different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers recommend suitable amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明经常帮助他人可延缓大脑衰老，分析了其原理并给出合理建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. ②Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. ③Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. ④Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people.  ⑤Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit.  ⑥They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. 2. 缜密构思 精简要点①和④，整合要点②③，⑤⑥ 3.遣词造句 Research implies volunteering to help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation strengthening different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ isolation is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers advise moderate amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process.（用一个宾语从句对第一段内容进行总结，表达高级） 【高分句型2】 Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length.（用一个定语从句对第二段后半部分进行总结，表达高级） Passage 5 The Secret of Belly Fat (腹部脂肪) Belly fat refers to the unnecessary fat stored deep in the belly around the internal organs. It has long been thought to be particularly bad for your heart, increasing the risk of high blood pressure. However, recent scientific studies are casting new light on its more complex functions. A large-scale study published in Neurology has found that people with more belly fat tend to have less gray matter in their brains. Since gray matter helps with thinking and memory, this reduction in size means too much belly fat could lead to memory problems later in life. Scientists believe belly fat may harm the brain by producing harmful substances that cause gray matter to decrease and gradually damage the brain over time. However, not all belly fat is harmful. Emerging research from the Karolinska Institute reveals that there are several types of belly fat, and some can actually help your body. For example, fat located near your intestine (肠子) contains many defense cells that help fight diseases. This fat acts like an organ that talks to your body’s defense network. Furthermore, other studies distinguish between different types of fat cell. Unlike white fat that stores energy, brown and light yellow-brown fat burn calories to produce heat and can help lower blood pressure, which means some belly fat can protect your heart and improve your health. Thus, belly fat represents a biological mystery: while too much fat leads to disease, certain fat tissues play protective roles in fighting illness and processing energy. This two-sided fact emphasizes that health depends not just on fat quantity, but on its type and function. Maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing stress effectively can help control harmful belly fat while promoting the beneficial forms, contributing to overall well-being. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Version 1 Belly fat was once considered harmful to heart. However, new studies show too much belly fat may harm the brain and cause memory loss while some fat, like brown fat, helps fight diseases, burn calories and protect the heart. So health depends on fat’s type and role. Eating well, exercising, and managing stress can control bad fat. Version 2 New studies show belly fat is more complex than previously thought. While too much belly fat harms the brain and causes memory loss, certain types, like brown fat, can protect health by burning calories and supporting immunity. Therefore, health depends on its type and function. Eating well, exercising, and managing stress help control bad fat. 【解析】 【导语】（范文1） 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说腹部脂肪曾被认为对心脏有害。然而，新的研究表明，过多的腹部脂肪可能会损害大脑并导致记忆力减退，而某些脂肪（如棕色脂肪）则有助于对抗疾病、燃烧卡路里并保护心脏。因此，健康取决于脂肪的类型和作用。合理饮食、适量运动以及有效管理压力能够控制不良脂肪。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Belly fat refers to the unnecessary fat stored deep in the belly around the internal organs. It has long been thought to be particularly bad for your heart, increasing the risk of high blood pressure. However, recent scientific studies are casting new light on its more complex functions. ②Scientists believe belly fat may harm the brain by producing harmful substances that cause gray matter to decrease and gradually damage the brain over time. Unlike white fat that stores energy, brown and light yellow-brown fat burn calories to produce heat and can help lower blood pressure, which means some belly fat can protect your heart and improve your health. ③This two-sided fact emphasizes that health depends not just on fat quantity, but on its type and function. ④Maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing stress effectively can help control harmful belly fat while promoting the beneficial forms, contributing to overall well-being. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行综述，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Belly fat was once considered harmful to heart. However, new studies show too much belly fat may harm the brain and cause memory loss while some fat, like brown fat, helps fight diseases, burn calories and protect the heart. So health depends on fat’s type and role. Eating well, exercising, and managing stress can control bad fat. 【点睛】[高分句型1] However, new studies show too much belly fat may harm the brain and cause memory loss while some fat, like brown fat, helps fight diseases, burn calories and protect the heart.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） [高分句型2] Eating well, exercising, and managing stress can control bad fat.（运用了动名词作主语） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市浦东新区川沙中学·期末） Why Do You Find It So Hard to Not Multitask? Most of us do multitasking almost daily. But it’s time to change that. Let’s take the smartphone for example. On average you check your phone 110 times a day—that means you’re spending 23 days every year glued to your smartphone! Habits encouraging you to multitask make you unproductive. But it’s hard to let go of these habits because you’ve conditioned your brain to send misleading signals to your body. Research has shown that when you multitask “successfully”, you activate the reward mechanism in your brain that releases dopamine, the happy hormone. You feel so good that you believe you’re being effective and this further encourages your multitasking habit. This rush can also make you overly optimistic, less careful about the work you do and more likely to make mistakes. Multitaskers basically get addicted to this rush which leads them to believe they are being effective when in fact they’re not. To get rid of this multitasking habit so you can find real productivity. You simply have to commit to it and have the self discipline to stick to one task at a time. Just say to yourself: When I walk, I walk. When I talk to someone, I talk to someone. Focus on the one thing you are doing. And like that, you’ve mastered monotasking. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市宜川中学·期末）China’s food delivery services have witnessed extraordinary growth, increasing by an impressive 371% from 2015 to June 2023. In 2015, the nation only had 113.6 million users of food delivery services. By June 2023, this number had soared to 534.88 million. This highlights the rapid embrace of delivery platforms across the country. The demographic landscape (人口统计形势) of China’s online food delivery user base has undergone significant changes. In 2015, white-collar workers comprised 63% of users, while students accounted for 30.5%. By 2019, a dramatic transformation had occurred. White-collar workers now make up 83% of users and students only10%. Furthermore, women constitute 51% of food delivery app users. About 85% of users fall within the 18to 40 age range. Food delivery services in China have surpassed (超过) those in Western countries in popularity. Several reasons can explain this phenomenon. Chinese consumers are notably price-sensitive. In China, food delivery costs are significantly lower. They are only 10 to 20% of U. S. prices. This is due to intense competition among providers like Ele.me and Meituan. These companies are in fierce price wars and offer generous discounts and coupons (优惠券) to customers. This makes online food orders more affordable than dining out. Moreover, China’s demanding work culture and the emerging phenomenon of “lazy cancer” have further contributed to the surge in food delivery usage. Young people in China reflect a wide-spread sense of dislike of cooking. A survey conducted in March 2020 revealed that about 67% of the 7,220 Chinese food delivery users surveyed cited laziness as the reason for ordering instead of dining out. In conclusion, the food delivery industry in China shows the changes of consumer needs. This rapid growth not only reflects the convenience-driven demands of modern life but also showcases the innovation of the food service sector. As such, food delivery is sure to remain an important aspect of Chinese dining habits. It will shape the future landscape of dining experiences and satisfaction for years to come. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海市静安区市西中学·期末） The Hidden Cost of Digital Distractions The researchers carried out a study in which people were asked to read a short passage, and then answer questions that tested their understanding of what they had read. Those who were affected by digital distractions during the task performed just 80% as well as the participants who were allowed to do the test in peace. In short, you shouldn’t be surprised digital distractions kill your productivity. Originally, smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maximize convenience, allow us to work on the move, and enhance our productivity. Unfortunately, they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives. For example, you might be working on an important presentation, only to be distracted by several e-mail notifications. You then have a choice — do you stop and answer these messages, or do you carry on with your presentation and hope that the sender doesn’t expect an immediate response? Either way, the notification has interrupted your flow and thrown you off course. Every time your attention is diverted from your task, you lose time. It takes effort to get back on track, and repeated interruptions can demotivate you. It can feel as though everyone wants a piece of your time, and that you will never get around to finishing anything. If you are a typical worker, you’ll be distracted every 11 minutes, and it will take you 25 minutes to actually settle down again to your task. The more complicated your project, the longer it takes to regain your focus, because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objectives. To tackle the hidden cost of digital distractions, one effective solution is to set specific “focus hours” each day by turning off non-essential notifications and using website blockers to limit access to distracting sites. By managing digital interruptions intentionally, individuals can ensure their devices support their goals instead of getting in the way. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 1 Stop Being a People-pleaser Imagine this: a relative calls and says she is planning to visit you for the holidays, but you had your heart set on a quiet celebration with your family. Not wanting to disappoint her, you agree, and suddenly your holiday plans have become hers. If this situation sounds familiar, you may be a people pleaser. Instead of saying no to things you really don’t want to do, you say yes. While it’s reasonable to be a team player at work or be kind to family members, you have to do it at your own expense, which is unwise and unhealthy. But where does people-pleasing come from? More often than not, it’s a learned behavior from childhood. If you grew up in a family where you were not allowed to have a say, you may have learned to stay quiet to avoid unpleasant consequences. Additionally, there are several different characteristics that may contribute to people-pleasing. Perfectionists, for example, often assume that others hold the same high standards as they do for themselves. Consequently, afraid of not living up to these imagined expectations, they tend to prioritize others’ needs. Luckily, it’s possible to break away from the habit of pleasing others. It starts with saying no — awkward and uncomfortable though it may be, your well-being depends on it. Setting simple boundaries to protect your time, energy, and emotions also works. For example, don’t answer work emails after hours, stop lending money to that relative who never pays you back, or tell a friend who disrespects you, “Please don’t talk to me that way”. Finally, practice treating yourself as well as you treat others. You may have been raised to think caring for yourself is selfish, but always putting others before yourself will only wear you out. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 Endangered Species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct. Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them. There are many reasons why-species become endangered but most of them are due to humans. Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms. Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of habitats and animals can no longer live there. Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. Animals are killed for their fur, bones or skin, or just for sport (消遣). Some seal species are now on the verge of extinction because they are killed for their fur to make coats. Tigers are shot to make medicine and tea from their bones, and crocodiles are caught to make bags and shoes. Overfishing means that large sea creatures like whales, tuna and sharks have all become endangered species, because too many are caught to make things like shark’s fin soup. So what can individuals and governments do to protect animal and plant species from becoming endangered? We should take care not to pollute natural areas, and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face a financial penalty (处罚). Governments can help, too, by making it against the law to hunt, fish or trade in endangered species. If we all cooperate by taking these steps, we will protect our planet so that our children and their children can enjoy it too. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 How to Develop Healthy Digital Habits In today’s digital world, teenagers spend increasing amounts of time on screens, which can negatively impact their physical and mental health. Developing healthy digital habits is essential for maintaining balance in life. The first step is to set clear boundaries for screen time. Experts recommend taking regular breaks using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Turning off notifications during study time helps maintain concentration. Establishing “screen-free” zones, especially in bedrooms, can significantly improve sleep quality. Another important aspect is being mindful of online content. Following educational or inspirational accounts rather than those promoting unrealistic standards can boost mental well-being. Students should also schedule offline activities like sports, reading, or face-to-face socializing to maintain a healthy balance between virtual and real-world interactions. Parents and schools play a crucial role in modeling and teaching digital wellness. Open discussions about responsible technology use, cyberbullying prevention, and critical thinking about online information should be encouraged. Teachers can incorporate digital literacy into their curriculum to help students navigate the online world safely. By carrying out these strategies, teenagers can enjoy technology’s benefits while avoiding its risks. Healthy digital habits formed during school years will serve students well throughout their lives in our increasingly connected world. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 The Secret of Belly Fat (腹部脂肪) Belly fat refers to the unnecessary fat stored deep in the belly around the internal organs. It has long been thought to be particularly bad for your heart, increasing the risk of high blood pressure. However, recent scientific studies are casting new light on its more complex functions. A large-scale study published in Neurology has found that people with more belly fat tend to have less gray matter in their brains. Since gray matter helps with thinking and memory, this reduction in size means too much belly fat could lead to memory problems later in life. Scientists believe belly fat may harm the brain by producing harmful substances that cause gray matter to decrease and gradually damage the brain over time. However, not all belly fat is harmful. Emerging research from the Karolinska Institute reveals that there are several types of belly fat, and some can actually help your body. For example, fat located near your intestine (肠子) contains many defense cells that help fight diseases. This fat acts like an organ that talks to your body’s defense network. Furthermore, other studies distinguish between different types of fat cell. Unlike white fat that stores energy, brown and light yellow-brown fat burn calories to produce heat and can help lower blood pressure, which means some belly fat can protect your heart and improve your health. Thus, belly fat represents a biological mystery: while too much fat leads to disease, certain fat tissues play protective roles in fighting illness and processing energy. This two-sided fact emphasizes that health depends not just on fat quantity, but on its type and function. Maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing stress effectively can help control harmful belly fat while promoting the beneficial forms, contributing to overall well-being. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 概要写作（期末复习专项训练） Passage 1 The passage argues that multitasking reduces productivity and leads to mistakes due to the brain’s addiction to dopamine-driven multitasking rushes. To break multitasking habits one requires self-discipline and commitment to single-task focus. Passage 2 The passage details the extraordinary growth of China’s food delivery services, with user numbers skyrocketing from 2015 to 2023. It examines shifts in the user demographic and highlights factors like cost-effectiveness, work culture, and lifestyle preferences as key drivers of its popularity, suggesting it will remain a significant part of dining culture. Passage 3 Research shows that digital distractions reduce productivity. Although initially designed for convenience, devices like smartphones now often hinder efficiency by interrupting workflows and disrupting concentration with constant notifications. Resuming tasks, particularly complex ones, takes time and effort. Moreover, frequent interruptions can lower motivation. A practical solution is to consciously limit daily digital interruptions to stay productive. Passage 1 Many people are people-pleasers who often please others by saying yes to things they dislike at their own expense, which is unwise and unhealthy. It results from childhood experiences and personal traits of perfectionism. To change the situation, we can get rid of it by saying no to others, setting boundaries and caring for ourselves. Passage 2 Animals soon to be extinct are called endangered species which are mainly caused by humans. The main reason is habitat destruction caused by humans moving into new areas and pollution. Another reason is hunting and fishing for animals’ fur, bones or skin, and sometimes sport. Individuals and governments should cooperate to protect habitat and ban hunting and fishing. (58 words) Passage 3 The passage discusses the importance of developing healthy digital habits for teenagers. Key strategies include setting screen time limits, creating screen-free zones, choosing positive online content, and balancing online activities with offline ones. Parents and schools should promote digital wellness through education and open discussions. These habits help teens enjoy technology safely while maintaining physical and mental health. Passage 4 Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation that strengthens different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers recommend suitable amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. Passage 5 Belly fat was once considered harmful to heart. However, new studies show too much belly fat may harm the brain and cause memory loss while some fat, like brown fat, helps fight diseases, burn calories and protect the heart. So health depends on fat’s type and role. Eating well, exercising, and managing stress can control bad fat. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $