精品解析：上海市格致中学2025-2026学年第二学期期末考试高二英语试题

格致中学二〇二五学年度第二学期期末考试 高二年级 英语试卷（共12页） （测试105分钟内完成，总分115分，试后交答题卷） 友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获！ 祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！ I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Electric vehicles: Can ‘lightweighting’ combat range anxiety? It seems like a simple enough choice. The widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) could contribute to the efforts to stop global warming. But many motorists are still choosing ___1___ (not switch) to this low-carbon technology. While EV uptake has been rapid, it’s been slower than some carmakers expected. There are many reasons why people are not moving to EVs as quickly as expected. This includes price, charging infrastructure (基础设施) and concerns about ___2___ they can travel — so-called “range anxiety.” Drivers want to be able to charge and go in the same time ___3___ takes to fill a tank with petrol, and they want the same mileage per charge of the battery. But with today’s lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池), EVs can only go so far. Now, there are signs that some auto companies are looking for innovative ways to overcome these obstacles to adoption. Their solution? Make cars lighter. “Every gram of that weight reduction improves range,” says Andrew Poliak, U.S chief technology officer of Panasonic Automotive. The company says it has developed components that weigh between 30 to 60 percent less ___4___ affecting performance. These, including the speakers and audio system used in cars, can draw 60 percent less power from the car. In 2023, Panasonic released five-centimeter-thick speakers, ___5___ ability to produce sound is typically matched by speakers in the door that are three times as thick, and that fit into a car’s dashboard. The technology removed significant weight in the doors. Now, Poliak says, Panasonic is noubling down on that concept to further lighten the weight inside vehicles. Another major carmaker, Honda, is looking at a different key component in EVs-the battery itself-as part of its effort to reduce weight. It ___6___ (make) a large number of investments in developing solid-state batteries. The batteries are smaller and lighter than the conventional lithium-ion batteries currently used in most EVs on the road. The battery technology also has the ability to charge faster and is ___7___ (likely) to be damaged by overheating resulting from fast-charging. This brings added benefits, says Honda spokesperson Chris Martin. Not having to worry about the battery overheating means it ___8___ not need the same safety features around it. This would serve to further lighten the car. Lighter-weight components could help to bring the cost of EVs down, too. “I think it’s certain that ___9___ the technology advances, the costs for an EV will go down,” says Poliak. The question that remains, however, is ____10____ people will think much lighter electric cars really can go the distance. Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. cause B. regulated C. complex D. exposing E. deliberately F. recorded G. locating H. particularly I. different J. efficiency K. caution Noise Pollution Rules Should Be Tightened Road traffic, aircraft, ships, factories and oil drilling are all human activities that produce noise. The noise should be better ____11____ to protect wildlife, say the authors of a study ____12____ how sound pollution affects creatures from fish to birds. Studies have found noise pollution to be linked to poorer human health. But experts say it can also affect wildlife, from preventing their communication to affecting the ____13____ with which they search for food. “For example, if bats ____14____ their prey through sound clues can’t hear clearly,” said Dr Hansjoerg Kunc, the co-author of the research, “they have to fly longer and invest more time and energy to find food.” The studies were based on experiments in which ____15____ aspects of the animals’ behaviour or other measures, such as changes in hormone (荷尔蒙) levels, were ____16____ before and after exposure to noise. The results reveal that human-produced noise affects a wide range of species. “Thus, the response to noise can be explained by most species responding to noise rather than a few species being ____17____ sensitive to noise,” the authors wrote. The team continued to ____18____ that their research did not examine whether the effects were beneficial or harmful to species. That was because such considerations were ____19____. For example, noise that affects hunting could benefit prey while creating difficulties for predators (食肉动物). “Even if some animals benefitted, it did not mean noise should not be dealt with, since the majority would still experience negative effects”, said Kunc. But there was ____20____ for optimism. “Unlike chemical pollution, if a noise source moves away, then nothing stays in the environment any more,” he said. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Thieving Monkeys — Name Your Price Human beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal. If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali, be careful. The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves. They make a living by ____21____ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever. But professor Jean-Baptiste Leca wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first ____22____ and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether macaques are able to ____23____ how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations. Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the activities of the monkeys. Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a ____24____ tourist, they recorded the interaction. Not all attempts at robbery were successful. But of those that were, they analysed the ____25____ of almost 2,200. To work out what was going on, they had first to establish the ____26____ values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for use in negotiations ____27____ tourists who want to get their property back: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different ____28____, but professor Leca established these for ____29____ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment. To confirm which stealable objects are most _____30_____ by people, they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets. They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims _____31_____ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes, and _____32_____ classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two). They found that monkeys do have a good sense of what they are doing — _____33_____, adults and sub-adults do. These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up. Young ones make no such _____34_____, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults. In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn. It has to be _____35_____. 21. A. warning B. robbing C. reminding D. clearing 22. A. deposit B. dish C. offer D. prey 23. A. assign B. assist C. assure D. assess 24. A. particular B. principal C. peculiar D. progressive 25. A. impacts B. details C. attacks D. motions 26. A. precise B. scientific C. optional D. relative 27. A. in spite of B. in honor of C. with regard to D. on behalf of 28. A. preferences B. potentials C. performances D. predictions 29. A. individual B. independent C. collective D. cooperative 30. A. identified B. valued C. exchanged D. rewarded 31. A. refused B. managed C. bothered D. happened 32. A. instead B. otherwise C. thus D. meanwhile 33. A. in practice B. at least C. in all D. at length 34. A. differences B. distinctions C. distributions D. demands 35. A. acquired B. reversed C. managed D. informed Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I had a teacher who used to wake up in class by shouting: “The early bird gets the worm!” I say “let him have the worm”. I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason. Anyway, I stopped eating worms at the age of three, switching to regular breakfasts of cereal(谷物), to which I would add extra sugar. Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia: ”My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn’t like to be top of the class. What shall I do?” Give him a round of “applause” for being smart! Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better. Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11, I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last. The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted; the second-to-last contestant is INVISIBLE. And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test. I could do that. I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races. No one suspected anything. I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed. At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds. It was funny to watch, but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship. What they really needed were acting lessons, their moves were so unconvincing. “Oops, I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.” The other day, I took the children out and they raced for the car. “I’m first,” said one. The second said: “First is worst, second is best.” Together they sang at the last one: “And third’s the one with a hairy chest.” It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.” 36. Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant? A. Its food was served raw. B. Its food contained worms. C. He was tempted by cereal. D. He was affected by the saying. 37. How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class? A. He highlighted the top three students. B. He came to second in sports races. C. He hid himself in a bank skillfully. D. He intentionally underperformed. 38. What can be learned from the passage? A. The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players. B. Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs. C. Children’s song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes. D. players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds. 39. Which saying might the author possibly support? A. Great minds think alike. B. God favors those who are prepared. C. Honesty is the best policy. D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush (B) Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food, and they try to find the most nectar (花蜜)in the least amount of time possible. A small number of bees work as searchers, but when a good flower patch (花丛) is found, how do they tell other bees where to find it? Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive, where bees live. One bee dances while the other bees watch. The dancing bee smells like the flower patch, and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered. Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch. Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information: the waggle (摇摆) dance and the circle dance. Waggle dance The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location: the distance and the direction away from the hive. A. Distance The dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straight line, then circlesaround to repeat the dance. The length of the middle line, called the waggle run, shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch. B. Direction Bees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive, and they use this to show direction. How? Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up. Outside the hive, bees look at the position of the sun, and fly at the same angle away from the sun. Circle dance The circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch’s location: that it is somewhere close to the hive. In this dance, the bee walks in a circle, turns around, then walks the same circle in the opposite direction. Sometimes, the bee includes a little waggle as she’s turning around. The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch. 40. Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar? A. To inform them of the distance of the flower. B. To celebrate her success of finding the nectar. C. To motivate them to collect the nectar. D. To ensure the bees find the right patch. 41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances? A. The searcher’s waggle means little during the circle dance. B. The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch. C. The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is. D. The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance. 42. If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way(see the right picture), which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees? A. B. C. D. (C) The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has delivered a significant academic impact after ground-breaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development. But only if you act him out. A study found that a “rehearsal (彩排) room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and writing complexity as well as their emotional literacy. “The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) said. “Allowing children to use their whole bodies to bring the text to life and to make choices about character motivation had long been thought to improve literacy but now the research supported it”, she added. The randomized control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils at 45 state primary schools with no prior exposure to RSC pedagogy (教学法). They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand after the shipwreck in The Tempest (《暴风雨》). The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils tapped into a wider vocabulary, used words classed as more complicated or rarer, and wrote at greater length. They also appear to be more comfortable writing in role. While control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion. Another study also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island clichés (陈词滥调)” such as palm trees, target pupils were more expressive giving a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions. O’Hanlon expressed surprise at the emotional literacy in the target children’s writing, noting they were more adaptable and hopeful. She stressed that it was probably related to the rehearsal room process where you were used to trying to imagine your way through. She also said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, significantly enriches children’s language experience, especially when they engage their whole bodies to bring the words to life. She added: “The reason we are performing Shakespeare’s work 400 years on is that there are so many different choices to make about character motivation, the meanings of different kinds of speeches, the setting. Shakespeare is great at asking you the questions. He doesn’t give you the answers and that’s why it’s such an interesting and creative body of work to explore.” 43. Which of the following learners’ activities fits the “rehearsal room” approach? A. Physically perform Shakespeare’s works. B. Emotionally reading Shakespeare’s plays. C. Independently writing reviews of Shakespeare’s plays. D. Regularly memorizing the lines of Shakespeare’s works. 44. What can we learn from the peer-reviewed results? A. Control pupils generally write longer pieces. B. Target pupils prefer using common vocabulary. C. Target pupils better identify with literary characters. D. Control pupils fail to react to an imagined situation. 45. O’Hanlon would most likely to agree that _________. A. young children demonstrate strong literacy and motivation B. memorizing Shakespeare’s texts directly teaches emotional skills C. actors’ performance helps children’s language learning and mental development D. Shakespeare’s enduring popularity lies in open questions and diverse interpretations 46. Which of the following might be the best title of this passage? A. Language’s Power: Writing in role. B. Shakespeare’s Magic: Learning by Acting. C. A Discovery Journey: Exploring Shakespeare’s World. D. A Path to Growth: Conducting Drama-driven Research. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why You Won’t Apologize In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to. ____47____ Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know — sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts. But all too often, we stubbornly refuse to apologize, even when we know we’re in the wrong. An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we’ve done to a relationship. To do this，we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim’s position and to show empathy (共情) for the pain we have caused the victim. Some researches have indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person. ____48____ When our friend points out that we’ve offended them, it’s easy to recall plenty of instances when they’d also hurt our feelings—so what are they getting so upset about? We all want to believe we’re essentially good people. Accepting the fact that we’ve hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent (不一致) with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things. ____49____ Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable. ____50____ Your sincere apology doesn’t mean the victim ought to forgive you right away. It may still take time, but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started. A. However, it’s quite difficult to make a sincere apology. B. The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. C. There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. D. But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. E. Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology. F. Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship, and More to Maintain It Many of us worry that we don’t put in enough time to maintain close friendships. But how much is enough? Unfortunately, there’s no magic formula (公式) for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them. Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact. Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend. In order to move from casual friends to close friends, we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours. However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations. Contrarily, spending 200 hours together doesn’t necessarily mean a person will become a close friend. They have to want to be your friends. Some co-workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends. When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters. Engaging in passive activity with friends — like watching a TV series — is fun and enjoyable, but it doesn’t do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations, sharing feelings, and being a good listener. And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with, through calls and texts or in person, helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings, like happiness. The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships. Once that closeness is established, some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 她轻巧的动作流程从未让人们失望过。（amaze）（译英） ________________________________________________________________________ 53. 虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) (汉译英) 54. 领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。 (present; pave)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 55. 求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。（prove; rate）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“Advice Column”上看到如下一则信息。给这位署名为“Worried”的读者写一封邮件，针对他的问题提出建议，内容须包括： 1）你的建议 2）你的理由 （信的开头已经为你写好。） My best friend seems anxious a lot. She bites her fingernails and always looks tired. I don’t think she’s eating right, either, How can I convince her to take better care of herself? — Worried 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 格致中学二〇二五学年度第二学期期末考试 高二年级 英语试卷（共12页） （测试105分钟内完成，总分115分，试后交答题卷） 友情提示：昨天，你既然经历了艰苦的学习，今天，你必将赢得可喜的收获！ 祝你：诚实守信，沉着冷静，细致踏实，自信自强，去迎接胜利！ I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Electric vehicles: Can ‘lightweighting’ combat range anxiety? It seems like a simple enough choice. The widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs) could contribute to the efforts to stop global warming. But many motorists are still choosing ___1___ (not switch) to this low-carbon technology. While EV uptake has been rapid, it’s been slower than some carmakers expected. There are many reasons why people are not moving to EVs as quickly as expected. This includes price, charging infrastructure (基础设施) and concerns about ___2___ they can travel — so-called “range anxiety.” Drivers want to be able to charge and go in the same time ___3___ takes to fill a tank with petrol, and they want the same mileage per charge of the battery. But with today’s lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池), EVs can only go so far. Now, there are signs that some auto companies are looking for innovative ways to overcome these obstacles to adoption. Their solution? Make cars lighter. “Every gram of that weight reduction improves range,” says Andrew Poliak, U.S chief technology officer of Panasonic Automotive. The company says it has developed components that weigh between 30 to 60 percent less ___4___ affecting performance. These, including the speakers and audio system used in cars, can draw 60 percent less power from the car. In 2023, Panasonic released five-centimeter-thick speakers, ___5___ ability to produce sound is typically matched by speakers in the door that are three times as thick, and that fit into a car’s dashboard. The technology removed significant weight in the doors. Now, Poliak says, Panasonic is noubling down on that concept to further lighten the weight inside vehicles. Another major carmaker, Honda, is looking at a different key component in EVs-the battery itself-as part of its effort to reduce weight. It ___6___ (make) a large number of investments in developing solid-state batteries. The batteries are smaller and lighter than the conventional lithium-ion batteries currently used in most EVs on the road. The battery technology also has the ability to charge faster and is ___7___ (likely) to be damaged by overheating resulting from fast-charging. This brings added benefits, says Honda spokesperson Chris Martin. Not having to worry about the battery overheating means it ___8___ not need the same safety features around it. This would serve to further lighten the car. Lighter-weight components could help to bring the cost of EVs down, too. “I think it’s certain that ___9___ the technology advances, the costs for an EV will go down,” says Poliak. The question that remains, however, is ____10____ people will think much lighter electric cars really can go the distance. 【答案】1. not to switch 2. how far 3. it 4. without 5. whose 6. has made 7. less likely 8. does 9. as 10. whether 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电动汽车：“轻量化”能解决里程焦虑吗？ 【1题详解】 考查不定式。句意：但许多驾车者仍然选择不转向这种低碳技术。choose not to do sth选择不去做某事。故填not to switch。 【2题详解】 考查连接词。句意：这包括价格、充电基础设施以及对它们能行驶多远的担忧——即所谓的“里程焦虑”。about后接宾语从句，表示“多远”用连接词how far。故填how far。 【3题详解】 考查代词。句意：司机们希望充电和行驶的时间与加满一箱汽油的时间相同，他们希望电池每次充电的里程相同。it takes+时间+to do sth花费时间做某事。故填it。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：该公司表示，他们已经开发出了在不影响性能的情况下重量减轻30%到60%的组件。表示“没有、不”，用介词without。故填without。 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：2023年，松下发布了5厘米厚的扬声器，其发出声音的能力通常与门上的扬声器相匹配，但其厚度只有后者的三分之一，并且可以放入汽车的仪表板中。先行词为five-centimeter-thick speakers，在定语从句中作定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。 【6题详解】 考查时态。句意：它在开发固态电池方面进行了大量投资。陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语单数，谓语单数。故填has made。 【7题详解】 考查比较级。句意：该电池技术还具有更快充电的能力，并且不太可能因快速充电导致的过热而损坏。表示“不太可能”用less likely。故填less likely。 【8题详解】 考查时态。句意：不用担心电池过热意味着它不需要同样的安全功能。陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语单数，谓语单数。故填does。 【9题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：我认为，随着技术的进步，电动汽车的成本肯定会下降，”波利克说。根据句意可知，本句为as引导的时间状语从句，表示“随着”。故填as。 【10题详解】 考查连接词。句意：然而，仍然存在的问题是，人们是否会认为更轻的电动汽车真的可以走得更远。is后接表语从句，表示“是否”用连接词whether。故填whether。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A. cause B. regulated C. complex D. exposing E. deliberately F. recorded G. locating H. particularly I. different J. efficiency K. caution Noise Pollution Rules Should Be Tightened Road traffic, aircraft, ships, factories and oil drilling are all human activities that produce noise. The noise should be better ____11____ to protect wildlife, say the authors of a study ____12____ how sound pollution affects creatures from fish to birds. Studies have found noise pollution to be linked to poorer human health. But experts say it can also affect wildlife, from preventing their communication to affecting the ____13____ with which they search for food. “For example, if bats ____14____ their prey through sound clues can’t hear clearly,” said Dr Hansjoerg Kunc, the co-author of the research, “they have to fly longer and invest more time and energy to find food.” The studies were based on experiments in which ____15____ aspects of the animals’ behaviour or other measures, such as changes in hormone (荷尔蒙) levels, were ____16____ before and after exposure to noise. The results reveal that human-produced noise affects a wide range of species. “Thus, the response to noise can be explained by most species responding to noise rather than a few species being ____17____ sensitive to noise,” the authors wrote. The team continued to ____18____ that their research did not examine whether the effects were beneficial or harmful to species. That was because such considerations were ____19____. For example, noise that affects hunting could benefit prey while creating difficulties for predators (食肉动物). “Even if some animals benefitted, it did not mean noise should not be dealt with, since the majority would still experience negative effects”, said Kunc. But there was ____20____ for optimism. “Unlike chemical pollution, if a noise source moves away, then nothing stays in the environment any more,” he said. 【答案】11. B 12. D 13. J 14. G 15. I 16. F 17. H 18. K 19. C 20. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了声音污染对野生生物的影响的一些研究结果。尽管有物种从声音污染中获益，但是大多数物种承受消极负面后果，所以我们要加强对声音污染的控制和约束。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：一项研究的作者们说，为了保护野生生物，噪音应当被更好地控制，这项研究揭示了声音污染是怎样影响从鱼到鸟这些生物的。分析句子可知，空格需要动词的过去分词和前面的should be一起构成表示被动的谓语动词， regulate“控制；约束”，所以regulated符合句意，故选B。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：参见上题。分析句子可知，空格处应为后置定语修饰前面名词a study，expose“揭露，揭示”为动词，其现在分词exposing 作后置定语修饰a study，符合句意。故选D。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是专家说这也能影响野生生物，从阻止它们交流到影响它们寻找食物的效率。分析句子可知，the后用名词一起充当affecting的宾语，efficiency名词“效率”，符合句意，故选J。 【14题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：比如，如果用声音线索来确定猎物位置的蝙蝠听不清楚。分析句子可知，空格处应为后置定语修饰前面名词the bats，locate“确定......的准确地点”为动词，其现在分词locating作后置定语修饰the bats，符合句意。故选G。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些研究是建立在很多实验基础上的，在这些实验中，动物行为的不同方面或者其他的标准，比如荷尔蒙水平的改变，在实验前后都被记录下来。空格需要形容词作名词aspects的定语，different形容词，“不同的”，符合句意，故选I项。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：参见上题。分析句子可知，空格处动词过去分词和were一起充当谓语动词，record动词“记录”，所以recorded符合句意，故选F。 【17题详解】 考查副词。句意：因此，通过大多数物种而不是一些对噪音尤其敏感的物种应对噪音的方式，可以解释应对噪音的反应。分析句子可知，空格用副词修饰形容词sensitive，副词particularly“尤其，特别”，符合句意，故选H。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：这个团队继续提醒到，他们的研究没有检查这些影响对物种是有益的还是有害的。分析句子可知，continue to do继续做某事,空格前有动词不定式符号to，空格处用动词原形， caution动词“提醒，告诫”，符合句意，故选K。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这是因为这些考虑是复杂的。分析句子可知，空格作表语，可用形容词，complex形容词“复杂的”，符合句意，故选C。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：但是有理由乐观。分析句子可知，there was后出现名词作主语，名词短语cause for“有理由；对于......的理由”，所以cause符合句意，故选A。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Thieving Monkeys — Name Your Price Human beings are not the only species able to negotiate a deal. If you visit Uluwatu temple in Bali, be careful. The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves. They make a living by ____21____ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid. That is quite clever. But professor Jean-Baptiste Leca wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first ____22____ and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether macaques are able to ____23____ how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations. Professor Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the activities of the monkeys. Every time they saw a monkey show interest in a ____24____ tourist, they recorded the interaction. Not all attempts at robbery were successful. But of those that were, they analysed the ____25____ of almost 2,200. To work out what was going on, they had first to establish the ____26____ values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. The temple staff keep three sorts of reward available for use in negotiations ____27____ tourists who want to get their property back: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different ____28____, but professor Leca established these for ____29____ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment. To confirm which stealable objects are most _____30_____ by people, they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets. They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims _____31_____ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes, and _____32_____ classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two). They found that monkeys do have a good sense of what they are doing — _____33_____, adults and sub-adults do. These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up. Young ones make no such _____34_____, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults. In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn. It has to be _____35_____. 21. A. warning B. robbing C. reminding D. clearing 22. A. deposit B. dish C. offer D. prey 23. A. assign B. assist C. assure D. assess 24. A. particular B. principal C. peculiar D. progressive 25. A. impacts B. details C. attacks D. motions 26. A. precise B. scientific C. optional D. relative 27. A. in spite of B. in honor of C. with regard to D. on behalf of 28. A. preferences B. potentials C. performances D. predictions 29. A. individual B. independent C. collective D. cooperative 30. A. identified B. valued C. exchanged D. rewarded 31. A. refused B. managed C. bothered D. happened 32. A. instead B. otherwise C. thus D. meanwhile 33. A. in practice B. at least C. in all D. at length 34. A. differences B. distinctions C. distributions D. demands 35. A. acquired B. reversed C. managed D. informed 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章援引研究发现，成年猴子的偷窃行为和与受害者的讨价还价并获得高回报的行为是后天习得的。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们以抢劫来访者的财物为生，然后持有这些物品，直到r人们以食物的形式支付报酬。A. warning警告；B. robbing抢劫；C. reminding提醒；D. clearing清理。根据前文“The long-tailed macaques (猕猴) there are well-known thieves.”以及后文“Not all attempts at robbery were successful.”可知，他们抢劫来访者的财物。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们不接受第一次提供（的食物），坚持要求更多。A. deposit押金；B. dish菜碟；C. offer提供；D. prey捕食（习性）。根据上文“They make a living by ____1____ visitors of their possessions and then holding those objects until a payment in the form of food is paid.”可知，猴子们有时不接受第一次提供的食物。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他问自己，猕猴是否能够评估一件物品对其主人的价值，并将其考虑到谈判中。A. assign分配；B. assist协助；C. assure保证；D. assess评估。根据本句中“how valuable an object is to its owner, and factor that into their negotiations.”以及后文“These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以判断，这是看猴子们能否评估物品的价值。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当他们看到猴子对某个特定的游客表现出兴趣，他们就会记录下互动过程。A. particular特指的；B. principal最重要的；C. peculiar怪异的；D. progressive进步的。根据常识及前文中“show interest”可知，猴子要选准一个特定的（感兴趣的）游客进行抢劫。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但其中，他们分析了近2200个细节。A. impacts巨大影响；B. details细节；C. attacks攻击；D. motions运动。根据常识及句中“But of those that were”和具体数字“2200”以及下一段“To work out what was going on…”等内容可知，他们为了弄清是怎么回事，分析了2200个细节。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚到底是怎么回事，他们首先要确定猴子获得食物奖励的相对价值，以及人类可偷物品的相对价值。A. precise精确的B. scientific科学的；C. optional可选择的；D. relative相对的。猴子确定的食物奖励以及所偷物品的价值是根据不同的需要而决定的，所以是相对的。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查固定（介词）短语词义辨析。句意：寺庙工作人员有三种奖励可供游客在谈判中使用：生鸡蛋、饼干和小袋水果。A. in spite of尽管；B. in honor of为了纪念；C. with regard to关于；D. on behalf of代表某人，为了某人。根据句意可知，提供给猴子的食物并不是被偷游客自己提供的，而是由寺庙工作人员为他们提供的。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. preferences偏好；B. potentials潜力；C. performances表演；D. predictions预言。根据本句中“but professor Leca established these for ____9____ animals by offering them choices between pairs of treats in an initial experiment.”可知，不同的猴子有不同的偏好。后文“These animals have a preference for stealing high-value items, and will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”可以验证答案。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A. individual单个的，个别的；B. independent独立的；C. collective集体的；D. cooperative合作的。基于前文的分析可知，猴子们的表现是不同的，所以要对单个的猴子进行实验，才能有所区别。故选A项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确定哪些偷窃物品最受猴子们重视，他们将偷窃物品分为六大类：空容器，如手机套和相机袋；钥匙圈等配件；帽子和头饰；鞋子；眼镜和太阳镜；还有电子产品和钱包。A. identified识别；B. valued重视，珍视；C. exchanged交换；D. rewarded奖励。根据后文“they divided them into six classes: empty containers, such as phone cases and camera bags; accessories such as key rings; hats and headgear; shoes; spectacles and sunglasses; and electronics and wallets.”可知，实验中，为了确定哪些物品受猴子们重视。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而花费时间和精力与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. refused拒绝；B. managed管理；C. bothered打扰，花费时间和精力（做某事）；D. happened发生。根据常识以及后文“to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes”可知，受害游客需要花费时间和精力和猴子们讨价还价。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值(清单上的前两类)、中价值(后两类)和高价值(第三类)。A. instead代替；B. otherwise否则；C. thus因此，从而；D. meanwhile同时。后文“classified objects into low value (the first two classes on the list), medium value (the second two) and high value (the third two).”和前文“They then observed, from the video recordings, how often victims ____11____ to bargain with the thief for the return of property belonging to different classes,”存在因果关系。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们发现，猴子确实对自己在做什么有很好的意识——至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。A. in practice实际上；B. at least至少；C. in all总计；D. at length最终。根据后文“Young ones make no such ____14____, and sub-adults are less good at doing so than adults.”可知，只有成年和半成年的猴子有很好的意识，所以说，不是所有的猴子都有很好的意识，至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：年幼的猴子没有这样的区别，而且半成年的猴子在这方面不如成年的猴子擅长。A. differences差别；B. distinctions对比，区别；C. distributions分配；D. demands要求。根据上文“But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.”可知，这种意识是随着成长学会的，此处指幼年猴子没有这种意识，它们没有区别。differences常指颜色、尺寸和数量等普通的差别；distinctions意思是相似的或相关的事物之间细节的差异，只能通过仔细检查才能确定的。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是被获得的。A. acquired (被通过努力)获得；B. reversed(被)撤销；C. managed(被)监管；D. informed(被)通知。根据上文“In monkeys, as in people, guile（狡猾）is not a trick that is inborn.”可知，猴子们的狡诈不是与生俱来的，是后天习得的。故选A项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I had a teacher who used to wake up in class by shouting: “The early bird gets the worm!” I say “let him have the worm”. I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason. Anyway, I stopped eating worms at the age of three, switching to regular breakfasts of cereal(谷物), to which I would add extra sugar. Recently I was thinking about early birds and the competitive spirit after receiving a letter from a reader in Malaysia: ”My son deliberately throws away marks because he doesn’t like to be top of the class. What shall I do?” Give him a round of “applause” for being smart! Actually many children in Asia tend to be the focus by performing better. Placed into a very competitive class when I was 11, I quickly learned the ideal position was second to last. The top three performers and the very last person are highlighted; the second-to-last contestant is INVISIBLE. And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test. I could do that. I once came second to last in eight straight sports day races. No one suspected anything. I was so invisible that I could have robbed a bank in my street and no one would have noticed. At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds. It was funny to watch, but they were all thrown out for poor sportsmanship. What they really needed were acting lessons, their moves were so unconvincing. “Oops, I hit the ball in entirely the wrong direction.” The other day, I took the children out and they raced for the car. “I’m first,” said one. The second said: “First is worst, second is best.” Together they sang at the last one: “And third’s the one with a hairy chest.” It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.” 36. Why did the author dislike Japanese restaurant? A. Its food was served raw. B. Its food contained worms. C. He was tempted by cereal. D. He was affected by the saying. 37. How did the author manage to be invisible in a competitive class? A. He highlighted the top three students. B. He came to second in sports races. C. He hid himself in a bank skillfully. D. He intentionally underperformed. 38. What can be learned from the passage? A. The judge is encouraged to eliminate the dishonest players. B. Players disqualified from Olympic doubles for using drugs. C. Children’s song praises the dramatic acting skills of athletes. D. players purposefully failed for easier lots in the following rounds. 39. Which saying might the author possibly support? A. Great minds think alike. B. God favors those who are prepared. C. Honesty is the best policy. D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. D 39. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过举例论证告诉人们，有时人们会做出一些假象，其实事实并非如此。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中I hate food that doesn’t stay still, and avoid Japanese restaurants for that very reason.“我讨厌生的食物，因此我不去日本餐馆。”可知，作者不喜欢日本餐馆是因为它的食物是生的。故选A。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中And it’s an easy position to get—just deliberately underperform at every test.“这是一个很容易得到的位置——只是故意在每次测试中表现不佳。”可知，作者通过故意表现不佳设法在竞争激烈的班级里不引人注目。故选D。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds.“几个月前的伦敦奥运会上，来自三个亚洲国家的羽毛球选手故意输掉比赛，以便在接下来的比赛中取得好成绩。”可知，在接下来的回合中，选手为了更有利的抽签而故意失败。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段It struck me that the organizers of sports matches could use this song when people deliberately lost matches. “I lost,” the delighted loser will say. The judges could still declare them winners, pointing to a new, optional regulation: “First is worst, second is best, third’s the one with a hairy chest.”“我突然想到，当人们故意输掉比赛时，体育比赛的组织者可以用这首歌。“我输了，”兴高采烈的失败者会说。评委们仍然可以宣布他们是赢家，并指出一项新的可选规则:第一名是最差的，第二名是最好的，第三名是心胸开阔的。”可知，作者可能支持“诚实乃上策”。故选C。 【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第3小题，根据第四段中At the London Olympics a few months ago, badminton pairs from three Asian countries deliberately tried to lost matches to draw good lots in later rounds.“几个月前的伦敦奥运会上，来自三个亚洲国家的羽毛球选手故意输掉比赛，以便在接下来的比赛中取得好成绩。”可知，在接下来的回合中，选手为了更有利的抽签而故意失败。故选D。 (B) Bees in a colony work with each other to gather food, and they try to find the most nectar (花蜜)in the least amount of time possible. A small number of bees work as searchers, but when a good flower patch (花丛) is found, how do they tell other bees where to find it? Bees communicate flower location using special dances inside the hive, where bees live. One bee dances while the other bees watch. The dancing bee smells like the flower patch, and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered. Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch. Bees use two different kinds of dances to communicate information: the waggle (摇摆) dance and the circle dance. Waggle dance The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location: the distance and the direction away from the hive. A. Distance The dancing bee waggles back and forth as she moves forward in a straight line, then circlesaround to repeat the dance. The length of the middle line, called the waggle run, shows roughly how far it is to the flower patch. B. Direction Bees know which way is up and which way is down inside their hive, and they use this to show direction. How? Bees dance with the waggle run at a specific angle away from straight up. Outside the hive, bees look at the position of the sun, and fly at the same angle away from the sun. Circle dance The circle dance tells the watching bees only one thing about the flower patch’s location: that it is somewhere close to the hive. In this dance, the bee walks in a circle, turns around, then walks the same circle in the opposite direction. Sometimes, the bee includes a little waggle as she’s turning around. The duration of this waggle is thought to indicate the quality of the flower patch. 40. Why does the searcher give the watching bees a taste of the nectar? A. To inform them of the distance of the flower. B. To celebrate her success of finding the nectar. C. To motivate them to collect the nectar. D. To ensure the bees find the right patch. 41. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the dances? A. The searcher’s waggle means little during the circle dance. B. The waggle dance indicates the direction of the flower patch. C. The waggle dance shows precisely how far the flower patch is. D. The quality of the flower patch is not shown in the circle dance. 42. If the searcher dances inside the hive in this way(see the right picture), which of the following is the WRONG flying direction for the other bees? A. B. C. D. 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂是如何向同伴传递花丛位置的。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段The dancing bee smells like the flower patch, and also gives the watching bees a taste of the nectar she has gathered. Smell and taste helps other bees find the correct flower patch. 观察的蜜蜂尝花蜜是为了使嗅觉和味觉帮助其他蜜蜂找到正确的花丛。故选D。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段The waggle dance tells the watching bees two things about a flower patch's location: the distance and the direction away from the hive.摇摆舞告诉观察的蜜蜂关于花丛位置的两件事：离蜂巢的距离和方向。故选B。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段Outside the hive, bees look at the position of the sun, and fly at the same angle away from the sun.可知，在蜂巢外，蜜蜂观察太阳的位置，并以同样的角度飞离太阳。再根据题干的图片可知，蜜蜂是在巢内是以顺时针方向飞，所以巢外的蜜蜂也应当以太阳位置顺时针方向同样的角度飞，从而推断出B图错误。故选B。 (C) The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has delivered a significant academic impact after ground-breaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development. But only if you act him out. A study found that a “rehearsal (彩排) room” approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and writing complexity as well as their emotional literacy. “The research shows that the way actors work makes a big difference to the way children use language and also how they think about themselves,” Jacqui O’Hanlon of the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) said. “Allowing children to use their whole bodies to bring the text to life and to make choices about character motivation had long been thought to improve literacy but now the research supported it”, she added. The randomized control trial involved hundreds of year 5 pupils at 45 state primary schools with no prior exposure to RSC pedagogy (教学法). They were split into target and control groups and asked to write, for example, a message in a bottle as Ferdinand after the shipwreck in The Tempest (《暴风雨》). The target group was given a 30-minute drama-based activity to accompany the passage. The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils tapped into a wider vocabulary, used words classed as more complicated or rarer, and wrote at greater length. They also appear to be more comfortable writing in role. While control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion. Another study also found that while control pupils relied on “desert island clichés (陈词滥调)” such as palm trees, target pupils were more expressive giving a broader picture of the sky, the sea and the atmospheric conditions. O’Hanlon expressed surprise at the emotional literacy in the target children’s writing, noting they were more adaptable and hopeful. She stressed that it was probably related to the rehearsal room process where you were used to trying to imagine your way through. She also said more research would be needed but suggested that Shakespeare’s use of 20,000 words, compared with the everyday 2,000 words, significantly enriches children’s language experience, especially when they engage their whole bodies to bring the words to life. She added: “The reason we are performing Shakespeare’s work 400 years on is that there are so many different choices to make about character motivation, the meanings of different kinds of speeches, the setting. Shakespeare is great at asking you the questions. He doesn’t give you the answers and that’s why it’s such an interesting and creative body of work to explore.” 43. Which of the following learners’ activities fits the “rehearsal room” approach? A. Physically perform Shakespeare’s works. B. Emotionally reading Shakespeare’s plays. C. Independently writing reviews of Shakespeare’s plays. D. Regularly memorizing the lines of Shakespeare’s works. 44. What can we learn from the peer-reviewed results? A. Control pupils generally write longer pieces. B. Target pupils prefer using common vocabulary. C. Target pupils better identify with literary characters. D. Control pupils fail to react to an imagined situation. 45. O’Hanlon would most likely to agree that _________. A. young children demonstrate strong literacy and motivation B. memorizing Shakespeare’s texts directly teaches emotional skills C. actors’ performance helps children’s language learning and mental development D. Shakespeare’s enduring popularity lies in open questions and diverse interpretations 46. Which of the following might be the best title of this passage? A. Language’s Power: Writing in role. B. Shakespeare’s Magic: Learning by Acting. C. A Discovery Journey: Exploring Shakespeare’s World. D. A Path to Growth: Conducting Drama-driven Research. 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究表明，采用“彩排室”教学法演绎莎士比亚作品能促进孩子的语言和情感发展，还阐述了相关研究结果及意义。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study found that a ‘rehearsal (彩排) room’ approach to teaching Shakespeare broadened children’s vocabulary and writing complexity as well as their emotional literacy. (一项研究发现，用‘彩排室’的方法教授莎士比亚作品可以拓宽孩子们的词汇量、提高写作复杂度以及情感素养)”和第二段中“Allowing children to use their whole bodies to bring the text to life and to make choices about character motivation had long been thought to improve literacy but now the research supported it (让孩子们用整个身体将文本生动呈现出来，并对角色动机做出选择，长期以来人们一直认为这有助于提高读写能力，现在这项研究证实了这一点)”可知，“彩排室”方法要求孩子们用整个身体将文本生动呈现出来，所以“让孩子们用身体去演绎莎士比亚的作品”这一学习活动适合用于“彩排室”学习法。故选A项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The peer-reviewed results showed that the target group of pupils tapped into a wider vocabulary, used words classed as more complicated or rarer, and wrote at greater length. They also appear to be more comfortable writing in role. While control pupils imagine how they themselves would react to being shipwrecked, target children put themselves in the shoes of a literary character and express that character’s emotion. (同行评议的结果显示，目标学生群体使用了更广泛的词汇，使用了更复杂或更罕见的词汇，写作的篇幅也更长。他们似乎也更适应角色写作。控制组的学生想象他们自己对船失事的反应，而目标组的孩子把自己放在一个文学人物的位置上，表达那个人物的情感)”可知，同行评议的结果显示目标组的学生会把自己放在一个文学人物的位置上，表达那个人物的情感，所以他们更能认同文学角色。故选C项。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She added: ‘The reason we are performing Shakespeare’s work 400 years on is that there are so many different choices to make about character motivation, the meanings of different kinds of speeches, the setting. Shakespeare is great at asking you the questions. He doesn’t give you the answers and that’s why it’s such an interesting and creative body of work to explore.’(她补充道：‘400年来我们一直在演绎莎士比亚的作品，原因在于对于角色动机、不同类型台词的含义以及场景设置，有太多不同的选择。莎士比亚很擅长向你提出问题。他不会给你答案，这就是为什么这是一个如此有趣且富有创意的作品体系值得去探索’)”可推知，奥汉隆很可能会认同莎士比亚经久不衰的受欢迎程度在于他提出的开放性问题和多样的解读。故选D项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“The grammar school boy from Stratford-upon-Avon has delivered a significant academic impact after ground-breaking research showed that Shakespeare does benefit children’s literacy and emotional development. But only if you act him out. (来自埃文河畔斯特拉特福的文法学校男生产生了重大的学术影响，一项开创性的研究表明，莎士比亚作品确实有利于孩子的读写能力和情感发展。但前提是你要把他的作品演绎出来)”可知，本文主要讲述了通过演绎莎士比亚作品来学习能带来诸多好处。故B项“Shakespeare’s Magic: Learning by Acting.(莎士比亚的魔力：通过演绎来学习)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why You Won’t Apologize In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to. ____47____ Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know — sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts. But all too often, we stubbornly refuse to apologize, even when we know we’re in the wrong. An apology is an attempt to repair the damage we’ve done to a relationship. To do this，we need to imagine ourselves to be in the victim’s position and to show empathy (共情) for the pain we have caused the victim. Some researches have indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person. ____48____ When our friend points out that we’ve offended them, it’s easy to recall plenty of instances when they’d also hurt our feelings—so what are they getting so upset about? We all want to believe we’re essentially good people. Accepting the fact that we’ve hurt someone we care about conflicts with our precious self-image. People who believe that personality is fixed are especially easily affected by the idea that an act of apology is a threat to their self-image. If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent (不一致) with their self-image as an essentially good person. In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things. ____49____ Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable. ____50____ Your sincere apology doesn’t mean the victim ought to forgive you right away. It may still take time, but at least the act of making an apology gets the process of forgiveness started. A. However, it’s quite difficult to make a sincere apology. B. The challenge then is finding a way to make things right again. C. There may also be unrealistic expectations about the process of forgiveness. D. But even for most normal people, it can be extremely difficult to feel sorry for those who have been offended. E. Understanding and accepting this fact of life can help ease our mind and thus help make an effective apology. F. Although apologizing can be hard to do, it is, in fact, the most effective approach to mending a broken relationship. 【答案】47. B 48. D 49. E 50. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章分析了人们难以向他人道歉的原因。 【47题详解】 根据上文“In our relationships with others, it’s inevitable that we’ll hurt people from time to time, even though, in some cases, we don’t mean to.(在我们与他人的关系中，我们难免会时不时地伤害别人，尽管在某些情况下，我们并不是故意的)”可知，我们难免会伤害到别人，结合下文“Research shows what those with high levels of social intelligence already know — sincere apologies are usually very effective at mending relationships that have been damaged by thoughtless acts.(研究表明，社交智商高的人已经知道，真诚的道歉通常能有效地修复因轻率行为而受损的关系)”可知，空处应是描述关于伤害别人后修复受损的关系，B项“接下来的挑战是找到一种让事情恢复正常的方法”符合语境。故选B项。 【48题详解】 上文“Some researches have indicated that people with the personality of narcissism (自恋) generally see no need to apologize when they have wronged another person.(一些研究表明，自恋型人格的人通常认为，当他们伤害了别人时，没有必要道歉)”提到自恋型的人伤害了别人时认为没必要道歉，结合下文“When our friend points out that we’ve offended them, it’s easy to recall plenty of instances when they’d also hurt our feelings(当我们的朋友指出我们冒犯了他们时，我们很容易想起很多他们也伤害了我们感情的例子)”可知，道歉对于我们普通人也很难，D项“但即使是大多数正常人，也很难对那些被冒犯的人感到抱歉”符合语境。故选D项。 【49题详解】 上文“If personal characteristics stay the same, then, of course, hurting someone they care about is inconsistent (不一致) with their self-image as an essentially good person.(如果个人特征不变，那么，当然，伤害他们关心的人与他们作为一个本质上的好人的自我形象是不一致的)”解释了人们难以向别人道歉的原因，结合空前一句“In reality, of course, even good people sometimes do bad things.(当然，在现实中，即使是好人有时也会做坏事)”可知，即使是好人也会做不好的事情，明白这个道理就能更容易向别人道歉，E项“理解并接受这一事实可以帮助我们放松心情，从而帮助我们做出有效的道歉”符合语境。故选E项。 【50题详解】 根据文章首句“Sometimes people don’t apologize because they don’t believe it will do any good. (有时人们不道歉是因为他们不相信道歉会有任何好处)”可知，人们不道歉是因为他们认为道歉没有好处，空前一句“This could come from the belief that some mistakes are unforgivable.(这可能是因为认为有些错误是不可原谅的)” 是解释人们认为道歉没有好处的原因，结合下文“Your sincere apology doesn’t mean the victim ought to forgive you right away.(你真诚的道歉并不意味着受害者应该马上原谅你)”可知，空处是说另一个原因，人们认为道歉没有好处，是因为可能无法得到原谅，C项“对宽恕的过程也可能有不切实际的期望”符合语境。故选C项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. It Takes at Least 200 Hours to Make a Close Friendship, and More to Maintain It Many of us worry that we don’t put in enough time to maintain close friendships. But how much is enough? Unfortunately, there’s no magic formula (公式) for how much time you need to spend on your friends to keep them. Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact. Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. We need between 40 and 60 hours together for a person we know slightly to become a casual friend. In order to move from casual friends to close friends, we need to spend an additional 140 to 160 hours together for a total of about 200 hours. However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. We can form a close bond in less than 200 hours with meaningful conversations. Contrarily, spending 200 hours together doesn’t necessarily mean a person will become a close friend. They have to want to be your friends. Some co-workers can spend 300 hours together and never become close friends. When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters. Engaging in passive activity with friends — like watching a TV series — is fun and enjoyable, but it doesn’t do as much to maintain friendship as having deep conversations, sharing feelings, and being a good listener. And routinely checking in with people we choose to connect with, through calls and texts or in person, helps maintain relationships and leads to higher scores of positive feelings, like happiness. The key point is that sharing things about ourselves can lead to close friendships. Once that closeness is established, some ways to maintain closeness are supporting friends when things go wrong for them and celebrating their achievements. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters.Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.(51 words) 【解析】 【导语】这篇文章讨论了建立和维护友谊所需的时间，指出需要至少200小时才能发展成为亲密的朋友。尽管没有固定的时间公式，但深入的对话和情感分享可以加快友谊的建立。维持友谊不仅取决于相处时间，还包括深入交流、支持朋友、庆祝成就等积极行为。关键在于分享并保持真诚的互动，这有助于建立和巩固亲密友谊。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ① Each friendship and friend are unique and develops or ends depending on how we interact. ② Forming a friendship in the first place takes a certain number of hours of being together. ③ However, deeper interactions can quicken that timeline. ④ When it comes to maintaining friendships, it’s not just the number of hours spent together, but what we do that matters.  2.缜密构思。将要点②③总说，将①④分说 3，遣词造句 The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process. It’s not just the number of hours spent together,but the quality and frequency of interaction that matters. Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The amount of time needed to form and maintain friendships varies,with deeper interactions quickening the process.（运了用with复合结构做状语） 【高分句型2】Sharing personal experiences and supporting friends through ups and downs are key to maintaining close bonds.（运用了动名词做主语和宾语） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 她轻巧的动作流程从未让人们失望过。（amaze）（译英） ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Her light and smooth movements never fail to amaze people. 【解析】 【详解】“她”表达为形容词性物主代词her，“轻巧的”表达为形容词light and smooth，“动作流程”表达为名词movements，作主语；“她轻巧的动作流程”整体为Her light and smooth movements ；“从未”表达为副词never，置于实义动词之前，起强调作用；“让……失望”结合提示词amaze，表达为固定结构fail to amaze，其中fail表达为动词，作谓语，amaze表达为动词，置于不定式符号to之后；“人们”表达为名词people，作amaze的宾语，结合“从未”以及句意可知，此句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，never置于fail之前构成否定，与fail to amaze形成双重否定，表达肯定含义“总是让人惊叹”。 53. 虽然我抱怨他碍手碍脚，但他毫不计较，还是心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房。(notice) (汉译英) 【答案】Though I complained that he was getting in my way, he took no notice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。“虽然”应用连词though引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，从句主语“我”I，谓语动词表示“抱怨”用动词complain，句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式，其后接that引导的宾语从句，表示“碍手碍脚”用短语get in one’s way，用过去进行时，表达过去习惯性的动作及说话者的情绪，故从句译为he was getting in my way；表示“毫不计较”用短语take no notice，一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式形式took，故译为he took no notice；用and连接并列谓语动词，表示“心甘情愿地帮我收拾厨房”可用helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly或者was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen。故翻译为Though I complained that he was getting in my way, he took no notice and helped me clean (up) the kitchen willingly / was (most / very) willing to help me clean (up) the kitchen. 54. 领导人出席仪式并给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章，以弘扬爱国精神，为美好未来奠基。 (present; pave)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The leader attended the ceremony and presented medals to all soldiers and pioneers present to promote patriotism and pave the way for a bright future. 【解析】 【详解】根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“领导人”为名词The leader；表示“出席仪式”应为动词短语attend the ceremony；表示“给在场所有的战士和先锋颁发奖章”应为动词短语present medals to all soldiers and pioneers present；后接动词不定式to do作目的状语，表示“弘扬爱国精神”应为动词短语promote patriotism；表示“为美好未来奠基”应为动词短语pave the way for a bright future；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。 55. 求同存异被证明是处理外交关系的黄金法则，也被认为是追求公平和正义，维护世界和平和稳定的最优方式。（prove; rate）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Seeking common ground while reserving differences has proved to be the golden rule for handling diplomatic relations, and is also rated as the optimal way to pursue fairness and justice and maintain world peace and stability. 【解析】 【详解】“求同”表达为seek common ground，“存异”表达为 reserve differences，整体表达为seek common ground while reserving differences，其中while为连词，用其省结构while doing，整体作主语，因此seek 用动名词形式seeking；“被证明是”结合提示词prove，表达为prove to be，prove作谓语动词，根据句意“已经被证明”，用现在完成时，主动形式表被动含义，且主语是单数，因此表达为has proved to be；“黄金法则”表达为名词短语the golden rule，作表语；“处理外交关系的”表达为介词短语for handling diplomatic relations，作后置定语修饰golden rule；“也”表达为副词also，置于be动词之后；“被认为是”结合提示词rate，表达为be rated as，rate作谓语动词，此处是一种现存的客观事实和普遍看法，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，因此表达为is also rated ；“最优方式”表达为名词短语the optimal way，作表语；“追求公平和正义”表达为不定式短语to pursue fairness and justice，作后置定语修饰way；“维护世界和平和稳定”表达为不定式短语（to）maintain world peace and stability，与前面的to pursue并列共用不定式符号to，作后置定语修饰way；整句由and连接两个并列谓语。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“Advice Column”上看到如下一则信息。给这位署名为“Worried”的读者写一封邮件，针对他的问题提出建议，内容须包括： 1）你的建议 2）你的理由 （信的开头已经为你写好。） My best friend seems anxious a lot. She bites her fingernails and always looks tired. I don’t think she’s eating right, either, How can I convince her to take better care of herself? — Worried 【答案】Dear Worried, I am sorry to hear that your friend is suffering from anxiety. Here I would like to give you some suggestions to help her. First, you can advise her to talk with people who she trusts. Chatting with others works out well because a casual talk can help her move away from the anxiety for a moment. Besides, doing exercise is a good way to relieve the anxiety. It can help her to relax both physically and mentally. So, why not ask her to go out for some sports? Finally, ask her to try a warm bath and take a cup of warm milk before going to bed, helping her to have a good rest. I hope you will find my suggestions useful, and wish your friend get rid of anxiety soon. Yours, Wang Lei 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给署名为“Worried”的读者回信，就他提出的问题给予合理的建议并阐述理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 想要做：would like to→want to 此外：Besides → What’s more 建议：suggestions→advice 可以；能够：can→ be able to 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Besides, doing exercise is a good way to relieve the anxiety. It can help her to relax both physically and mentally. 拓展句：Besides, doing exercise is a good way to relieve the anxiety, which can help her to relax both physically and mentally. 【点睛】[高分句型1]I am sorry to hear that your friend is suffering from anxiety.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2]Chatting with others works out well because a casual talk can help her move away from the anxiety for a moment. （运用了because引导的状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $