专题07 阅读六选四（期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期沪教版

**基本信息** 聚焦高中英语阅读六选四题型，精选上海多校期末真题，覆盖社会科学、科技等多元主题，强化上下文逻辑衔接与语篇理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |综合主题|6篇真题（含建平中学、黄浦区格致中学等校考题）|考查段落主旨、逻辑衔接词、上下文语义连贯，需结合语境推断最佳选项|通过社会文化（如消费趋势）、科技发展（如自动驾驶）、心理认知（如主观年龄）等主题文本，构建"信息定位-逻辑分析-语义匹配"的语篇理解链条，提升思维品质中的分析与推断能力，落实语言能力中对不同情境下语言活动的参与要求。|

专题07 阅读六选四（期末复习专项训练） Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） More Relevant Than Ever: Ghost in the Shell At 30 On May 10th, Ghost in the Shell was released in the Chinese mainland for the first time, celebrating the 30th anniversary of the anime (日本动漫) classic. What felt like a philosophical fantasy in 1995 is becoming a wise prediction about the near future. If you don’t know, Ghost in the Shell is set in a world where humans live alongside cyborgs that are part human, part machine. The lead character is Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg agent working for an intelligence department. When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. 1 We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. 2 Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. and we are largely defined by social media profiles and digital footprints. 3 Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. In doing so, it exposes how easily we give up autonomy for convenience. MajorKusanagi is known by her colleagues as the artificial “shell” she occupies, yet she constantly wonders whether she has any true self inside. In a lot of ways, we are all Major Kusanagi, questioning essentially “What makes me me?” But there’s no need to panic. Existential crises existed long before we even thought about machines replacing us. When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. 4 . Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. A．According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.” B．The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. C．As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. D．This philosophical anxiety shouldn’t paralyze(使…瘫痪) us with fear E．Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. F．The Puppet Master’s motives remain unclear until the final act. Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. 5 Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. 6 It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. 7 Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. 8 However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A．It also means better physical health. B．One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C．Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D．These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E．But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F．Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区·期末） There Are Things to Love About Winter As soon as the temperature drops, my husband experiences a change. Like a bear in reverse, he comes alive in winter. I am his opposite. 9 I spent last weekend in a state of gloom, pulling out our family’s collection of giant, shapeless coats. Many people love winter, but if you’re not one of them, “you don’t have to just accept that you’ll be bad-tempered at this time of year,” said Kari Leibowitz, a health psychologist and author of “How to Winter: Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark or Difficult Days.” Having a more positive approach doesn’t mean denying the realities of dark mornings or icy roads, she said. But when you write off wintertime, she added, you’re writing off a quarter of your life. Instead of “wishing away winter and waiting for spring,” Dr. Leibowitz said, lean into the cooling weather by planning cozy activities and rituals. Make a list of books we want to read during the cozy season, she suggested. 10 She gave some examples, such as baking, knitting or painting. “ 11 ” Holli-Anne Passmore, an associate professor of psychology, said. But she has found in her research that when people actively pay attention to their natural surroundings and notice how it makes them feel, it significantly boosts their well-being. One research subject wrote, “I felt awe that such a tiny bird can withstand the cold.” Another wrote: “I love trees, especially big ones. 12 ” I’ve already begun to take the experts’ advice: I ordered some cozy winter socks and am assembling my cold-weather reading list. A．Adapt summer activities for winter. B．Too often, we ignore the natural world in winter. C．When the leaves begin to fall, so does my mood. D．And start planning some “slow hobbies” we can do indoors. E．If the holidays tire me out, I can carve out time to rest and recover in January. F．I feel humbled by their size, knowing just how much more lies beneath the surface, too. Passage 1 This Is Why Your Dog Growls (低吼) When You Pet Them Learning dog body language can be challenging for beginners. If your dog growls when you pet them, they’re likely saying “no”. Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now. ___1___ So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling. Warning Growls Warning growls might sound scary, but it’s just your dog saying “no”. If your dog gives a warning growl when being petted, it doesn’t mean they’ll bite, but means they don’t want to be petted at all. Never punish or ignore a warning growl. We want our dogs to be able to say no, and punishing communication makes them less likely to communicate with us in the future. ___2___ Pain-Related Growls Your dog might not want to be touched if it is hurt or sick. They might growl when you touch a certain part of their body because it hurts or just feels uneasy. It may also refuse to eat, play, or move around as actively as it normally does. If growling is unusual for your dog, a trip to the animal hospital is a must. Any behavioral change like this can indicate that something’s wrong, so a good check-up is needed to rule that out. ___3___ Only after a professional examination can you be sure what is wrong. Happy Growls Some dog types are more likely to growl even when happy! This might be super confusing for you. After all, how do you tell the difference? ___4___ Are they lying on their back in your lap, relaxed and enjoying stomach rubs? This is a sign of a happy puppy! Context is also important. For instance, many dogs will growl when you’re rubbing a good spot, like their ears. They’ll continue leaning into your hand, indicating they want more! A. However, dogs can also growl out of pain or happiness. B. The key, in this case, is to observe your dog’s body language. C. Delaying medical attention could make its condition even worse. D. Noticing whether your dog is comfortable with contact is important. E. Therefore, reacting negatively to such signals may stop their expression. F. This may cause a dog to bite directly, as it feels its signals won’t be noticed otherwise. Passage 2 A. Traditional taxis will gradually disappear in the near future. B. Some users complain about the limited space inside Cybercab. C. This breakthrough can greatly benefit traffic safety and efficiency. D. Meanwhile, public trust and understanding need to be gradually built. E. It is no longer just a means of transport but an intelligent mobile space. F. However, this pioneering invention also brings unavoidable challenges. Cybercab: A New Era of Robotaxi Transportation The introduction of Tesla’s Cybercab has marked a groundbreaking step in the future of urban transportation. Designed as a dedicated robotaxi, this autonomous vehicle abandons conventional controls such as steering wheels and pedals, relying entirely on AI-powered Full Self-Driving (FSD) system. (1)________________ With a streamlined two-seat layout and advanced sensors, it aims to reshape how people travel in cities. Cybercab represents a giant leap in both technology and concept. Its core is an advanced neural network that processes visual data in real time, enabling precise navigation and response to complex road situations. According to official data, its safety level is roughly ten times higher than that of human driving. (2)________________ It can cut down traffic accidents, ease congestion and lower travel costs significantly. (3)________________ Many worry about legal responsibility, system security and ethical dilemmas(道德困境) in extreme situations. Public acceptance remains another barrier, as some passengers still feel uncomfortable riding in fully driverless vehicles. Technical reliability and emergency handling must be further tested and improved. To prepare for an era of autonomous mobility, governments, companies and the public need to work together. Clear laws and regulations should be made to define operation standards and responsibility. (4)________________ With continuous breakthroughs and cautious(谨慎的) promotion, Cybercab and similar innovations are expected to make transportation smarter, greener and more efficient for everyone. Passage 3 The young lead new trends in consumption market With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing. 1 Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. 2 This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. 3 Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. 4 When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers. A．Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B．They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C．Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D．Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E．In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F．They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. Passage 4 “When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. 1 Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. 2 They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. 3 Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. 4 Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A．All this is done with the best of intentions. B．Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C．The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D．The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E．And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F．This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. Passage 5 Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 1 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 2 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 3 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 4 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读六选四（期末复习专项训练） Passage 1 1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A Passage 2 5．E 6．B 7．A 8．D Passage 3 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．F Passage 1 1. A 2. F 3. C 4. B Passage 2 1. E | 2. C | 3. F | 4. D Passage 3 1．E 2．B 3．A 4．F Passage 4 1．A 2．F 3．B 4．D Passage 5 1．C 2．F 3．A 4．E 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读六选四（期末复习专项训练） Passage 1 （24-25学年高二下·上海市建平中学·期末） More Relevant Than Ever: Ghost in the Shell At 30 On May 10th, Ghost in the Shell was released in the Chinese mainland for the first time, celebrating the 30th anniversary of the anime (日本动漫) classic. What felt like a philosophical fantasy in 1995 is becoming a wise prediction about the near future. If you don’t know, Ghost in the Shell is set in a world where humans live alongside cyborgs that are part human, part machine. The lead character is Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg agent working for an intelligence department. When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. 1 We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. 2 Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. and we are largely defined by social media profiles and digital footprints. 3 Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. In doing so, it exposes how easily we give up autonomy for convenience. MajorKusanagi is known by her colleagues as the artificial “shell” she occupies, yet she constantly wonders whether she has any true self inside. In a lot of ways, we are all Major Kusanagi, questioning essentially “What makes me me?” But there’s no need to panic. Existential crises existed long before we even thought about machines replacing us. When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. 4 . Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. A．According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.” B．The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. C．As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. D．This philosophical anxiety shouldn’t paralyze(使…瘫痪) us with fear E．Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. F．The Puppet Master’s motives remain unclear until the final act. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍《攻壳机动队》上映30周年，探讨其对人机界限等未来的预测及现实意义。 1．根据上文“When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. (当主角草薙素子被派去追踪神秘的“傀儡师”黑客时，她不得不面对关于身份和自我本质的存在主义问题。人类与机器之间的界限似乎不再清晰。)”可知，此空应总结该电影对身份定义的挑战。B选项“The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. (在这部令人震撼的电影中，身份的定义受到了挑战。)”中的“identity is challenged”与上文“questions about identity”和“distinction between human and machine is no longer clear”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 2．根据上文“We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. (我们生活在一个身份向数字世界延伸的时代。)”以及下文“Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. (现实正被算法塑造，因为我们看到的只是自己想看到的东西。与此同时，面部和指纹识别让我们能便捷地使用设备，甚至进入实体空间。我们的思想、选择和情感都变成了数据点。)”可知，此空应阐述人们在数字世界中创造自我“影子”的行为。C选项“As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. (当我们滚动、点击屏幕时，我们正在信息海洋中创造自我的“幽灵”。)”中的“creating “ghosts” of ourselves”对应上文“identities are extending into the digital world”，且“scroll, tap, and click”与下文算法塑造现实的细节形成呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 3．根据下文“Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. (与许多科幻电影不同，它没有将技术描绘成邪恶的；相反，它审视了我们与技术的相互依赖关系。)”可知，此空应引出电影《攻壳机动队》对技术的探讨方式。E选项“Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. (《攻壳机动队》以此警示我们，并非以可怕的方式，而是带着好奇。)”中的“warned us about this”衔接上文数字身份延伸的现象，“not in a scary way, but with curiosity”对应下文“does not present technology as evil”，符合语境。故选E项。 4．根据上文“When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. (当导演押井守制作《攻壳机动队》时，其核心并非技术的崛起，而是人类的本质。)”以及下文“Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. (借助技术的发展，我们如今的变化比以往任何时候都快——这正是人性所在。)”可知，此空应引用电影内容来强调人类本质与变化的关系。A选项“According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.””(正如“傀儡师”所言：“人之为人，在于不断改变。”)中的“continually change”与下文“changing faster than ever”相呼应，通过电影角色台词诠释了人类本质，符合语境。故选A项。 Passage 2 （24-25高二下·上海市黄浦区格致中学·期末） What Your “Age” Says About You Imagine, for a moment, that you had no birth certificate and your age was simply based on the way you feel inside. How old would you say you are? Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. 5 Scientists are increasingly interested in this quality. They are finding that our “subjective age” may be essential for understanding the reasons why some people appear to be energetic as they grow old—while others fade. 6 It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. These personality changes are often considered more obvious in the people with older subjective ages. However, those who feel younger than they really are also become more reliable and less neurotic as they gain the wisdom that comes with greater life experience. But it doesn’t come at the cost of the energy and vigor of youth. It’s not true that having a lower subjective age leaves us frozen in a state of permanent immaturity. Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. 7 Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged — and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status. 8 However old you really are, it’s worth questioning whether any of those limitations are coming from the within. A．It also means better physical health. B．One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality. C．Some studies have explored the potential physical consequences of this difference. D．These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time. E．But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way. F．Many researchers are now trying to study how this knowledge might help us live longer. 【答案】5．E 6．B 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了主观年龄（即人们感觉自己的年龄）及其对个人健康和福祉的影响。文章强调，无论实际年龄如何，我们都可以通过调整主观年龄观来提升生活质量。 5．上文提到“Like your height or shoe size, the number of years that have passed since you first entered the world is an unchangeable fact. (像身高或鞋码一样，自你第一次进入这个世界以来经过的年数是一个不可改变的事实)”，这引出了关于年龄的一个观点，即我们的年龄感受是基于内心的感受。而下文则进一步探讨了科学家们对这个品质的兴趣，以及主观年龄与个性之间的关系。因此，E选项“But everyday experience suggests that people often don’t experience ageing the same way.(但日常经验表明，人们往往不会以同样的方式经历衰老)”作为过渡句，既承接了上文关于年龄感受的观点，又为下文的讨论奠定了基础，符合题意。故选E。 6．下文提到“ It is now well accepted that people tend to mature as they get older, becoming less extroverted and less open to new experiences. (现在人们普遍认为，随着年龄的增长，人们会逐渐成熟，变得不那么外向，对新经历的开放程度也会降低)”，这是在描述一个普遍的观点或现象。而B选项“One of the most interesting aspects of the research has explored how subjective age interacts with our personality.(研究中最有趣的一个方面探讨了主观年龄如何与我们的个性相互作用)”则直接引出了这个话题，因此B选项作为主题句，既概括了下文的内容，又引领了上文的话题，符合题意。故选B。 7．上文提到“Feeling younger than your years also seems to come with a lower risk of depression and greater mental wellbeing as we age. (感觉比实际年龄年轻似乎还伴随着较低的抑郁风险和更大的心理健康)”，这是在描述一种积极的影响或结果。而A选项“It also means better physical health.(这也意味着更好的身体健康)”则是对上文积极影响的进一步延伸或补充，it指代前文的“感觉比实际年龄年轻”这个事实。故选A。 8．前文提到“Most people felt about eight years younger than their actual chronological age (实际年龄). But some felt they had aged—and the consequences were serious. Feeling between 8 and 13 years older than your actual age resulted in an 18-25% greater risk of death over the study periods, and greater disease burden—even when you control for other demographic (人口学的) factors such as education, race or marital status.( 大多数人感觉比他们实际的年龄年轻约八岁。但有些人却感到自己变老了——后果非常严重。感觉比实际年龄大8到13岁的人，在研究期间死亡风险增加了18%至25%，患病负担也更重，即使控制了其他人口学因素（如教育程度、种族或婚姻状况）也是如此。)”，这是在列举了一些研究结果，最后指出这些发现具有重要意义。而D选项“These findings can give us all a view of the way our own brains and bodies endure the passing of time.(这些发现可以让我们更好地了解我们自己的大脑和身体是如何随着时间的推移而衰老的)” 是对整段研究结果的总结性评价，既呼应了前文的研究成果，也引出了其深层意义。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高二下·上海市浦东新区·期末） There Are Things to Love About Winter As soon as the temperature drops, my husband experiences a change. Like a bear in reverse, he comes alive in winter. I am his opposite. 9 I spent last weekend in a state of gloom, pulling out our family’s collection of giant, shapeless coats. Many people love winter, but if you’re not one of them, “you don’t have to just accept that you’ll be bad-tempered at this time of year,” said Kari Leibowitz, a health psychologist and author of “How to Winter: Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark or Difficult Days.” Having a more positive approach doesn’t mean denying the realities of dark mornings or icy roads, she said. But when you write off wintertime, she added, you’re writing off a quarter of your life. Instead of “wishing away winter and waiting for spring,” Dr. Leibowitz said, lean into the cooling weather by planning cozy activities and rituals. Make a list of books we want to read during the cozy season, she suggested. 10 She gave some examples, such as baking, knitting or painting. “ 11 ” Holli-Anne Passmore, an associate professor of psychology, said. But she has found in her research that when people actively pay attention to their natural surroundings and notice how it makes them feel, it significantly boosts their well-being. One research subject wrote, “I felt awe that such a tiny bird can withstand the cold.” Another wrote: “I love trees, especially big ones. 12 ” I’ve already begun to take the experts’ advice: I ordered some cozy winter socks and am assembling my cold-weather reading list. A．Adapt summer activities for winter. B．Too often, we ignore the natural world in winter. C．When the leaves begin to fall, so does my mood. D．And start planning some “slow hobbies” we can do indoors. E．If the holidays tire me out, I can carve out time to rest and recover in January. F．I feel humbled by their size, knowing just how much more lies beneath the surface, too. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者对冬天的态度转变，从不喜欢冬天到开始接受并享受冬天的一些美好事物，同时给出了专家关于如何在冬天保持积极心态的建议。 9．根据上文“As soon as the temperature drops, my husband experiences a change. Like a bear in reverse, he comes alive in winter. I am his opposite. (温度一降，我丈夫就变了。就像一只反常的熊，他在冬天活跃起来。我和他相反)”以及下文“I spent last weekend in a state of gloom, pulling out our family’s collection of giant, shapeless coats. (上周末我一直愁眉苦脸，翻找出家里那些又大又没型的外套)”可知，上文将作者与丈夫对冬天的态度对比，下文描述作者上周处于阴郁状态，C选项“When the leaves begin to fall, so does my mood. (当树叶开始飘落时，我的心情也随之低落)”，通过季节变化与情绪的关联，衔接上文“作者与丈夫相反”的对比，同时引出后文“阴郁状态”的具体表现，符合因果逻辑。故选C项。 10．根据上文“Instead of “wishing away winter and waiting for spring,” Dr. Leibowitz said, lean into the cooling weather by planning cozy activities and rituals. Make a list of books we want to read during the cozy season, she suggested. (莱博维茨博士说，与其“盼着冬天过去，等着春天到来”，不如通过计划舒适的活动和仪式来享受凉爽的天气。她建议列出我们想在这个舒适的季节读的书)”以及下文“She gave some examples, such as baking, knitting or painting. (她举了一些例子，比如烘焙、编织或绘画)”可知，此处通过举例建议读者在冬天计划一些舒适的活动，D选项“And start planning some “slow hobbies” we can do indoors. (并开始计划一些我们可以在室内进行的“慢爱好”)”，与上文内容相衔接，进一步给出了在冬天可以进行的室内活动的建议，且其中的“slow hobbies”与后文“baking, knitting or painting”形成具体呼应。故选D项。 11．根据下文“But she has found in her research that when people actively pay attention to their natural surroundings and notice how it makes them feel, it significantly boosts their well-being. (但她在研究中发现，当人们积极关注自己的自然环境，并注意到它如何影响自己的感受时，这会显著提升他们的幸福感)”可知，此处是在转折说明人们通常在冬天会忽略自然世界，B选项“Too often, we ignore the natural world in winter. (在冬天，我们常常忽略自然世界)”，与下文内容相呼应，引出了下文关于关注自然环境能提升幸福感的讨论。故选B项。 12．根据上文“Another wrote: “I love trees, especially big ones. (另一个人写道：“我喜欢树，尤其是大树。)”可知，此处是在描述另一个人对大树的喜爱，F选项“I feel humbled by their size, knowing just how much more lies beneath the surface, too. (我对它们的大小感到敬畏，也知道它们表面之下还隐藏着更多)”中的“their size”呼应上文“big ones”，与上文内容紧密衔接，进一步阐述了这个人对大树的敬畏之情。故选F项。 Passage 1 This Is Why Your Dog Growls (低吼) When You Pet Them Learning dog body language can be challenging for beginners. If your dog growls when you pet them, they’re likely saying “no”. Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now. ___1___ So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling. Warning Growls Warning growls might sound scary, but it’s just your dog saying “no”. If your dog gives a warning growl when being petted, it doesn’t mean they’ll bite, but means they don’t want to be petted at all. Never punish or ignore a warning growl. We want our dogs to be able to say no, and punishing communication makes them less likely to communicate with us in the future. ___2___ Pain-Related Growls Your dog might not want to be touched if it is hurt or sick. They might growl when you touch a certain part of their body because it hurts or just feels uneasy. It may also refuse to eat, play, or move around as actively as it normally does. If growling is unusual for your dog, a trip to the animal hospital is a must. Any behavioral change like this can indicate that something’s wrong, so a good check-up is needed to rule that out. ___3___ Only after a professional examination can you be sure what is wrong. Happy Growls Some dog types are more likely to growl even when happy! This might be super confusing for you. After all, how do you tell the difference? ___4___ Are they lying on their back in your lap, relaxed and enjoying stomach rubs? This is a sign of a happy puppy! Context is also important. For instance, many dogs will growl when you’re rubbing a good spot, like their ears. They’ll continue leaning into your hand, indicating they want more! A. However, dogs can also growl out of pain or happiness. B. The key, in this case, is to observe your dog’s body language. C. Delaying medical attention could make its condition even worse. D. Noticing whether your dog is comfortable with contact is important. E. Therefore, reacting negatively to such signals may stop their expression. F. This may cause a dog to bite directly, as it feels its signals won’t be noticed otherwise. 【答案】1. A 2. F 3. C 4. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍狗狗被抚摸时低吼的几种原因，包括警告性低吼、因疼痛低吼和开心时低吼，并提醒主人通过观察肢体语言与环境判断原因，正确应对。 【1题详解】 根据上文“Sometimes your dog growls to set a boundary: they don’t want to be petted right now.(有时狗狗低吼是在设定界限：它们现在不想被抚摸。)”可知，前文先提出一种低吼原因，结合下文“So we should watch their body language and environmental cues to determine the cause of the growling.(因此我们需要观察它们的肢体语言和环境线索来判断低吼的原因。)”可知，空处需要说明狗狗低吼还有其他原因。A选项（然而，狗狗也可能因为疼痛或开心而低吼。）承接上文一种原因，引出还有其他可能性，为下文判断原因做铺垫，符合语境。故选A项。 【2题详解】 根据上文“Never punish or ignore a warning growl. We want our dogs to be able to say no, and punishing communication makes them less likely to communicate with us in the future.(绝对不要惩罚或忽视警告性低吼。我们希望狗狗能表达拒绝，而惩罚这种交流行为会让它们以后更不愿意和我们沟通。)”可知，前文说明惩罚警告低吼的坏处，空处需要进一步说明后果。F选项（这可能会导致狗狗直接咬人，因为它觉得自己的信号不会被注意到。）承接上文，具体解释忽视或惩罚低吼带来的严重后果，符合语境。故选F项。 【3题详解】 根据上文“If growling is unusual for your dog, a trip to the animal hospital is a must. Any behavioral change like this can indicate that something’s wrong, so a good check-up is needed to rule that out.(如果这种低吼对你的狗狗来说不寻常，去宠物医院是必须的。任何这样的行为变化都可能意味着身体出了问题，所以需要全面检查来排除。)”可知，本段强调及时就医的重要性，空处需要说明拖延就医的危害。C选项（拖延就医可能会让它的情况变得更糟。）承接上文，强调立刻检查的必要性，符合语境。故选C项。 【4题详解】 根据上文“This might be super confusing for you. After all, how do you tell the difference?(这可能让你非常困惑。毕竟，你要怎么分辨呢？)”以及下文“Are they lying on their back in your lap, relaxed and enjoying stomach rubs?(它们是否仰躺在你腿上，放松地享受揉肚子？)”可知，空处需要给出分辨开心低吼的方法。B选项（这种情况下，关键是观察狗狗的肢体语言。）总领下文，引出通过肢体动作判断情绪的具体内容，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 2 A. Traditional taxis will gradually disappear in the near future. B. Some users complain about the limited space inside Cybercab. C. This breakthrough can greatly benefit traffic safety and efficiency. D. Meanwhile, public trust and understanding need to be gradually built. E. It is no longer just a means of transport but an intelligent mobile space. F. However, this pioneering invention also brings unavoidable challenges. Cybercab: A New Era of Robotaxi Transportation The introduction of Tesla’s Cybercab has marked a groundbreaking step in the future of urban transportation. Designed as a dedicated robotaxi, this autonomous vehicle abandons conventional controls such as steering wheels and pedals, relying entirely on AI-powered Full Self-Driving (FSD) system. (1)________________ With a streamlined two-seat layout and advanced sensors, it aims to reshape how people travel in cities. Cybercab represents a giant leap in both technology and concept. Its core is an advanced neural network that processes visual data in real time, enabling precise navigation and response to complex road situations. According to official data, its safety level is roughly ten times higher than that of human driving. (2)________________ It can cut down traffic accidents, ease congestion and lower travel costs significantly. (3)________________ Many worry about legal responsibility, system security and ethical dilemmas(道德困境) in extreme situations. Public acceptance remains another barrier, as some passengers still feel uncomfortable riding in fully driverless vehicles. Technical reliability and emergency handling must be further tested and improved. To prepare for an era of autonomous mobility, governments, companies and the public need to work together. Clear laws and regulations should be made to define operation standards and responsibility. (4)________________ With continuous breakthroughs and cautious(谨慎的) promotion, Cybercab and similar innovations are expected to make transportation smarter, greener and more efficient for everyone. 【答案】1. E | 2. C | 3. F | 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍特斯拉 Cybercab 无人驾驶出租车的技术突破、优势，同时指出其面临的法律、安全、公众接受度等挑战，需多方协作推动发展。 1.答案：E 【解析】考查上下文衔接。前文介绍 Cybercab 摒弃传统控制、依赖自动驾驶，后文提及其座椅布局与传感器，此处承接说明它不再只是交通工具，而是智能移动空间，故选 E。 2.答案：C 【解析】考查上下文衔接。前文提及其安全度是人类驾驶的十倍，后文说可减少事故、缓解拥堵，此处说明这一突破对交通安全与效率的益处，故选 C。 3.答案：F 【解析】考查上下文衔接。后文讲法律责任、系统安全、公众接受度等问题，此处转折引出这项发明带来的挑战，故选 F。 4.答案：D 【解析】考查上下文衔接。前文说需制定法规，此处补充同时要逐步建立公众信任与理解，故选 D。 Passage 3 The young lead new trends in consumption market With the post-1990 generation becoming a vibrant (充满活力的) force in society and the post-2000 generation gradually entering the workforce, the purchasing power of the new generation of consumers has been steadily growing. 1 Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. 2 This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. And yet a trend toward rational consumption has been growing rapidly over the past few years. 3 Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. They tend to compare products and services, and do some research before making purchasing decisions, in order to get the best out of their purchase. According to a study conducted by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily, 90.1 percent of the 1,000 young respondents said their consumption decision is based on the “spending where necessary and saving where possible” principle. Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. 4 When it comes to brand cognition, young consumers seem to favor domestic products. Thanks to information online, young consumers no longer blindly pursue foreign brands and instead prefer local brands, highlighting their confidence in Chinese-made products. From Li-Ning, Anta to Warrior shoes, domestic brands in various fields are being warmly welcomed by young consumers. A．Young consumers no longer blindly chase trendy or luxury items. B．They excel in using mobile devices and social media for getting information. C．Their tendency to pay much leads to the development of products and services. D．Their changing behaviors in consumption have promoted high-quality products. E．In fact, young people are slowly becoming the main force in the consumer market. F．They are willing to pay for products with unique features and innovative services. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了年轻人引领着消费市场的新潮流的现象。 1．根据后文“Growing up in the internet era, the young consumers generally have higher education levels and a broader global outlook, and come from a relatively strong economic background. As such, their consumption behavior is different from that of the earlier generations. (成长于互联网时代的年轻消费者，普遍具有更高的教育水平和更广阔的全球视野，并且有着相对强大的经济背景。因此，他们的消费行为与前几代人不同。)”可知，本段主要说明了年轻人在消费市场的影响。故E选项“事实上，年轻人正慢慢成为消费市场的主力军。”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“In terms of consumption pattern, online shopping has become the top choice for young people. Young people not only comprise a comparatively high percentage of internet users but also tend to shop online. (在消费模式方面，网购已成为年轻人的首选。年轻人不仅在互联网用户中占比较高的比例，而且还倾向于在网上购物。)”以及后文“This makes them easily influenced by product promotions and influencers on social media. (这使得他们很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响。)”可知，后文提到年轻人很容易受到产品促销和社交媒体上有影响力的人的影响，故本句说明容易受影响的原因。故B选项“他们擅长使用移动设备和社交媒体获取信息。”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据后文“Instead, they focus more on product quality and functionality. (相反，他们更关注产品的质量和功能。)”可知，后文与本句的内容相反，本句是在说明年轻消费者不再追求的产品。故A选项“年轻消费者不再盲目追求时尚或奢侈品。”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“Besides, young consumers seek more personalized and diversified products, reflecting their emotional needs and increasing sense of self-worth. (此外，年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，反映了他们的情感需求和自我价值感的增强。)”可知，上文提到年轻消费者寻求更加个性化和多样化的产品，本句为本段最后一句，总结这一行为是愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。故F选项“他们愿意为具有独特功能和创新服务的产品付费。”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 4 “When I was a kid, we were out and about all the time, playing with our friends, in and out of each other’s houses, sandwich in pocket, making our own entertainment. Our parents hardly saw us from morning to night.” This is roughly what you will hear if you ask anyone over 30 about their childhood in a rich country. Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. 1 Parents want to protect their offspring from traffic, crime and other dangers in what they see as a more dangerous world, and to give them every opportunity to flourish. 2 They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. Start with the physical environment in which children are growing up. In rich countries the overwhelming majority now lead urban lives. Almost 80% of people live in cities, which have many advantages, including better opportunities for work, education, culture and leisure. But these often come at a cost: expensive housing, overcrowding, lack of green space, heavy traffic, high air pollution and a sense of living among strangers rather than in a close-knit community. This has caused a perception of growing danger, even though statistically the average child is actually safer. 3 Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. Households with just one child have become commonplace in Europe and the more prosperous parts of Asia, including China. That means each child has more time, money and energy invested in it, but misses out on the hustle and bustle of a larger household. At the same time the number of women going out to work has risen steeply. The post-second-world-war model of the nuclear family with a breadwinner husband, a homemaker wife and several children has become atypical. Mothers now mostly return to work within a year or so of giving birth, not five or ten years later. In the absence of a handy grandmother, the child, even at a young age, will probably be looked after outside the home during the working week. 4 Not long ago children used to anger their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle of MIT, an expert on digital culture. In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. There are growing concerns that overuse might lead to addiction and mental illness, and that spending too much time sitting still in front of a screen will stop them from exercising and make them fat. A．All this is done with the best of intentions. B．Even more important, the domestic environment for most children has changed greatly. C．The first few years of a child’s life are now receiving more attention as new evidence has emerged about its vital importance in the development of the brain. D．The effect of a number of screen-based devices on children cannot be overlooked. E．And indeed in many ways children are better off than they were a generation or two ago. F．This article will explain the factors that have led to these significant changes in childhood in western countries, as well as in China. 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了与过去的孩子相比，现在的孩子更多的时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，并介绍了导致这一现象的原因。 1．根据上文“Today such children will spend most of their time indoors, be driven everywhere rather than walk or cycle, take part in many more organised activities. (如今，这些孩子将大部分时间待在室内，坐车去任何地方，而不是步行或骑自行车，参加更多有组织的活动。)”可知，上文告诉我们现在的孩子将大部分时间待在室内，很少会参加有风险的活动，A项意为“所有这一切都是出于最好的意图。”，选项能够承接上文，孩子很少会参加有风险的活动，所有这一切都是出于最好的意图，且能引起下文，下文介绍了家长这样做的意图是什么。故选A。 2．根据下文“They range from broad social and demographic (人口的) trends such as urbanisation, changes in family structure and the large-scale move of women into the labour force to the march of digital technology. (它们涵盖了广泛的社会和人口趋势，如城市化、家庭结构的变化和女性大规模进入劳动力市场，以及数字技术的进步。)”可知，下文告诉我们儿童发生这些重大变化的原因是什么，F项意为“本文将解释导致西方国家和中国儿童发生这些重大变化的因素。”，选项能够引起下文，下文中的“They”代指选项中的“factors”。故选F。 3．根据下文“Families have become smaller, and women bear children far later than they did only a couple of generations ago. (家庭变得越来越小，女性生育孩子的时间比几代人前晚得多。)”可知，下文告诉我们现代孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化，B项意为“更重要的是，大多数孩子的家庭环境发生了很大变化。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了发生了什么变化及产生了什么影响。故选B。 4．根据下文“In rich countries the vast majority of 15-year-olds have their own smartphone and spend several hours a day online. (在富裕国家，绝大多数15岁的人都有自己的智能手机，每天花几个小时上网。)”可知，下文告诉我们智能手机等设备对孩子产生了很大影响，D项意为“许多基于屏幕的设备对儿童的影响不容忽视。”，选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了孩子使用这些设备的情况及造成的影响。故选D。 Passage 5 Good News for Gamers Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. 1 Scientists from the University of Vermont used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) scheme, which is a study of brain development and health of children in the US as they move into adulthood. The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10. They were divided into two groups: young people who never play video games and those who play them for three or more hours a day. The young people were set two tasks. The first one measured their reaction times by seeing how quickly they could press buttons that matched images on a screen. The second test involved using their memory. 2 During the tests, their brains were scanned with fMRI, which uses magnets to measure brain activity. The people who played video games were consistently better at the two tasks, and the fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention. 3 However, it’s important to note that researchers don’t yet know if gaming improved their memory and reactions, or if they already had good memories and reactions and therefore enjoyed gaming and played a lot. 4 The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently. The lead scientist on the study, Bader Chaarani says that too much screen time is not good for people’s mental well being or physical health. It is still very important to spend time outdoors in the fresh air, taking exercise and having fun with friends and family. A．This means that people who play video games show more brain activity. B．Compared with scrolling through videos on YouTube, playing video games surely makes brain more active. C．However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people. D．Not all of gaming’s effects on the brain are positive despite the activated brain. E．The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming. F．They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项研究显示，玩电子游戏可能有益于年轻人大脑发育，且科学家希望继续追踪研究其影响。 1．由上文“Video games can sometimes have a bad reputation because they keep people indoors and looking at a screen instead of talking and playing with others face to face. (电子游戏有时声誉不佳，因为它们让人们呆在室内，看着屏幕，而不是与他人面对面交谈和玩耍。)”可知，前文提及游戏的负面印象。空格后介绍佛蒙特大学的研究，指出游戏对大脑发育的积极影响。C项However, a new study has revealed that video games might be good for brain development in young people.(然而，一项新研究表明电子游戏可能有益于年轻人的大脑发育。)以“However”转折，引出研究结论，既呼应上文的负面评价，又开启后文的积极发现，其中“new study”与后文“The results were taken from 2,217 children aged nine or 10”形成衔接。故选C项。 2．上文提到“The second test involved using their memory.(第二项测试涉及记忆能力。)”，说明测试内容。F项They were shown pictures of people’s faces and then, a bit later, were shown more and had to say if any of the faces were the same.(他们先看人脸图片，之后再看更多图片，需判断是否有相同面孔。)具体描述了记忆测试的流程，“shown pictures of faces”和“say if any were the same”对应“using their memory”，是对前文的详细展开。故选F项。 3．上文指出“fMRI scans showed that they also had more activity in the parts of their brains that look after memory and attention.(功能磁共振成像扫描显示，游戏者大脑中负责记忆和注意力的区域活动更活跃。)”，说明扫描结果。A项This means that people who play video games show more brain activity.(这意味着玩电子游戏的人表现出更多的大脑活动。)中的this指代前文的扫描结果，“more brain activity”是对“more activity in brain parts”的同义转述，起到总结上文的作用。故选A项。 4．下文提到“The team could also perhaps find out in future if particular types of video games affect people’s brain activity differently.(研究团队未来可能还会探究特定类型的游戏是否对大脑活动有不同影响。)”，说明未来的研究方向。E项The scientists are hoping to carry on studying the same young people as they get older to track the effects of gaming.(科学家希望继续研究同一群年轻人，追踪游戏对他们的影响。)中的“hoping to carry on studying”和“track the effects”与后文“find out in future”形成时间上的递进，共同阐述研究的延续性。故选E项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $