Unit 8 Natural disasters 单词讲解课件 2025-2026学年冀教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语Unit 8 Natural disasters复习课件系统梳理了20余个核心词汇，通过音标、词性、释义、词性变换、短语及例句的多维解析，将disaster、earthquake等单词按词义关联与语法功能串联，构建“词汇-语境-应用”的知识网络，帮助学生夯实基础。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如练习设计从基础填空（如“根据首字母填earthquake”）到词性变换（如“用destroy的名词形式填空”），分层训练语言应用能力，例句结合灾难情境（如地震自救）提升逻辑分析能力。这种设计既助学生巩固词汇，又为教师提供精准复习路径，增强教学针对性。

— • Unit 8 Natural disasters • — 单词讲解 Vocabulary disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害 earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物体；目标；宾语；/əbˈdʒekt/ v. 反对 shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭；（使）关门；adj. 关闭；停业 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n. 闪电 advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 建议；劝告 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生；出现 anytime /ˈeniˌtaɪm/ adv. 在任何时候 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存 secondary /ˈsekəndri/ adj. 次生的 landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡，崩塌 destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 破坏；毁灭 Vocabulary tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ adj. 沿海的 damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v. & n. 损害；毁坏 explosion /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/ n. 爆炸 amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 数量；数额 overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v. & n. 漫出 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 破坏；消灭 troop /truːp/ n. 军队；士兵；连队 successfully /səkˈsesfəli/ adv. 成功地 grassland /ˈɡrɑːslænd/ n. 草原；草地 badly /ˈbædli/ adv. 严重地；非常 real /ˈriːəl/ adj. 真实的；实在的 Vocabulary gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 闸门；大门；大门口 aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到；目的是；瞄准；n. 目的；目标；瞄准 — — — • Unit 8 • — — — Words and expressions disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害 词性 变换 - disastrous adj. 灾难性的；极糟的 短语 - natural disaster 自然灾害 - a disaster area 灾区 例句 1. Earthquakes are one of the most terrible natural disasters. 地震是最可怕的自然灾害之一。 2. The storm caused a disaster to the local villages. 这场暴风雨给当地村庄带来了灾难。 earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 词性 变换 - quake v. 震动；颤抖 短语 - a strong earthquake 强烈地震 - earthquake safety 地震安全 例句 1. The earthquake happened at midnight last night. 昨晚午夜发生了地震。 2. We should learn how to protect ourselves during an earthquake. 我们应该学习在地震中如何保护自己。 object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物体；目标；宾语；/əbˈdʒekt/ v. 反对 词性 变换 - objection n. 反对；异议 - objective adj. 客观的 短语 - object to (doing) sth 反对（做）某事 - a small object 小物体 例句 1. I saw a strange object lying on the ground. 我看到地上有个奇怪的物体。 2. Many people object to building a factory here. 很多人反对在这里建工厂。 shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭；（使）关门； adj. 关闭；停业 词性 变换 - shut 过去式/过去分词 短语 - shut up 闭嘴；关紧 - shut down 关闭；停业 例句 1. Please shut the window before you leave. 离开前请关上窗户。 2. The shop is shut on Sundays. 这家商店周日停业。 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n. 闪电 词性 变换 - lighten v. 照亮；减轻 短语 - thunder and lightning 雷电 - lightning strike 雷击 例句 1. The sky was bright with lightning before the rain. 下雨前天空被闪电照亮。 2. It’s dangerous to stand under trees during lightning. 闪电时站在树下很危险。 advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 建议；劝告 词性 变换 - advice n. 建议（不可数） - adviser n. 顾问 短语 - advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 - advise doing sth 建议做某事 例句 1. The doctor advised me to take more exercise. 医生建议我多锻炼。 2. I advise waiting until the rain stops. 我建议等雨停了再走。 occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ v. 发生；出现 词性 变换 - occurrence n. 发生；事件 短语 - occur to sb 某人突然想到 - occur in 在……发生 例句 1. The accident occurred at 5 p.m. yesterday. 事故发生在昨天下午5点。 2. A good idea occurred to me on the way home. 回家路上我突然想到一个好主意。 anytime /ˈeniˌtaɪm/ adv. 在任何时候 短语 - at anytime 在任何时候 - anytime soon 不久之后 例句 1. You can call me anytime you need help. 你需要帮助时随时可以给我打电话。 2. The store is open anytime from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. 这家店从早上9点到晚上9点随时营业。 survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存 词性 变换 - survive v. 生存；幸存 - survivor n. 幸存者 短语 - survival skills 生存技能 - the chance of survival 生存机会 例句 1. Learning survival skills is important in disasters. 学习生存技能在灾难中很重要。 2. His survival after the earthquake was a miracle. 他在地震后幸存下来是个奇迹。 secondary /ˈsekəndri/ adj. 次生的 词性 变换 - secondary n. school 中学 短语 - secondary disasters 次生灾害 - secondary effect 次生效应 例句 1. Landslides are often secondary disasters after earthquakes. 滑坡通常是地震后的次生灾害。 2. This is a secondary problem caused by the main disaster. 这是由主灾害引发的次生问题。 landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡，崩塌 短语 - a big landslide 大型滑坡 - cause a landslide 引发滑坡 例句 1. Heavy rain caused a landslide on the mountain. 大雨引发了山体滑坡。 2. The road was blocked by a landslide. 道路被滑坡阻断了。 destruction /dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 破坏；毁灭 词性 变换 - destroy v. 破坏；毁灭 - destructive adj. 破坏性的 短语 - the destruction of ……的毁灭 - total destruction 彻底毁灭 例句 1. The fire caused the destruction of the whole building. 大火导致整栋建筑被毁。 2. We must stop the destruction of our environment. 我们必须阻止对环境的破坏。 tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 短语 - a huge tsunami 巨大海啸 - tsunami warning 海啸预警 例句 1. The tsunami hit the coastal villages without warning. 海啸毫无预警地袭击了沿海村庄。 2. Scientists are studying how to predict tsunamis. 科学家正在研究如何预测海啸。 coastal /ˈkəʊstl/ adj. 沿海的 词性 变换 - coast n. 海岸；海滨 短语 - coastal areas 沿海地区 - coastal city 沿海城市 例句 1. Typhoons often hit coastal cities in summer. 台风夏天经常袭击沿海城市。 2. Many people like to live in coastal towns. 很多人喜欢住在沿海小镇。 damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ v. & n. 损害；毁坏 词性 变换 - damaging adj. 有破坏性的 短语 - cause damage to 对……造成损害 - repair the damage 修复损害 例句 1. The storm damaged many houses in the village. 暴风雨毁坏了村里很多房子。 2. The earthquake caused great damage to the city. 地震给这座城市造成了巨大损害。 explosion /ɪkˈspləʊʒn/ n. 爆炸 词性 变换 - explode v. 爆炸 - explosive adj. 爆炸的；易爆的 短语 - a gas explosion 煤气爆炸 - the sound of an explosion 爆炸声 例句 1. The explosion was heard miles away. 爆炸声几英里外都能听到。 2. The explosion destroyed the factory completely. 爆炸彻底摧毁了工厂。 amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 数量；数额 短语 - a large amount of 大量的（后接不可数名词） - the amount of ……的数量 例句 1. We need a large amount of water after the disaster. 灾难后我们需要大量的水。 2. The amount of damage is still unknown. 损害的数量目前还不清楚。 overflow /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v. & n. 漫出 词性 变换 - overflowed 过去式/过去分词 短语 - overflow with 充满；洋溢 - the overflow of water 水的漫出 例句 1. The river overflowed after the heavy rain. 大雨过后河水漫了出来。 2. Her heart overflowed with joy when she saw her family. 看到家人时她满心欢喜。 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 破坏；消灭 词性 变换 - destruction n. 破坏；毁灭 - destructive adj. 破坏性的 短语 - destroy completely 彻底摧毁 - destroy the evidence 销毁证据 例句 1. The wildfire destroyed hundreds of trees. 野火烧毁了数百棵树。 2. The earthquake destroyed many old buildings. 地震摧毁了很多老建筑。 troop /truːp/ n. 军队；士兵；连队 短语 - peacekeeping troops 维和部队 - send troops 派遣军队 例句 1. Troops were sent to help the people in the disaster area. 军队被派去帮助灾区人民。 2. The troop marched through the forest. 连队在森林中行进。 successfully /səkˈsesfəli/ adv. 成功地 词性 变换 - successful adj. 成功的 - success n. 成功 短语 - successfully finish 成功完成 - successfully solve 成功解决 例句 1. They successfully rescued the people trapped in the ruins. 他们成功救出了被困在废墟中的人。 2. The team successfully finished the task on time. 团队成功按时完成了任务。 grassland /ˈɡrɑːslænd/ n. 草原；草地 短语 - a vast grassland 广阔的草原 - on the grassland 在草原上 例句 1. Many animals live on the grassland. 很多动物生活在草原上。 2. The wildfire spread quickly across the dry grassland. 野火在干燥的草原上迅速蔓延。 badly /ˈbædli/ adv. 严重地；非常 词性 变换 - bad adj. 坏的；严重的 短语 - be badly hurt 严重受伤 - need sth badly 急需某物 例句 1. He was badly hurt in the car accident. 他在车祸中严重受伤。 2. We need water and food badly after the disaster. 灾难后我们急需水和食物。 real /ˈriːəl/ adj. 真实的；实在的 词性 变换 - really adv. 真正地；非常 - reality n. 现实 短语 - real life 现实生活 - real story 真实故事 例句 1. This is a real story about a survivor of the tsunami. 这是一个关于海啸幸存者的真实故事。 2. The danger is real, so we must be careful. 危险是真实存在的，所以我们必须小心。 gate /ɡeɪt/ n. 闸门；大门；大门口 短语 - at the gate 在大门口 - open the gate 打开大门 例句 1. Please wait for me at the school gate. 请在学校大门口等我。 2. The gate of the dam was opened to let the water flow. 水坝的闸门被打开放水。 aim /eɪm/ v. 力求达到；目的是；瞄准； n. 目的；目标；瞄准 词性 变换 - aimless adj. 无目标的 短语 - aim at 瞄准；旨在 - achieve one’s aim 实现目标 例句 1. Our aim is to help the people in need after the disaster. 我们的目标是帮助灾难后有需要的人。 2. He aimed at the target and fired the gun. 他瞄准目标开了枪。 — — — • Unit 8 • — — — Exercises 一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 1. Earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural ________ (灾难). 2. An e__________ struck the city at dawn, causing many injuries. 3. I found a strange o______ lying on the road when I walked home. 4. Please ____ (关闭) the windows before you leave the classroom. 5. We saw bright _________ (闪电) in the sky before the heavy rain came. disaster arthquake bject shut lightning 一、根据句意及汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 6. My parents ______ (建议) me to read more books about natural disasters. 7. The accident ________ (发生) on a cold winter morning last year. 8. You can call me _______ (在任何时候) if you need help with your homework. 9. Learning ________ (生存) skills is necessary for us to face unexpected dangers. 10. Landslides are common _________ (次生的) disasters after earthquakes. advise occurred anytime survival secondary 二、用单词的适当形式填空。 1. The fire led to the ___________ (destroy) of the old wooden house. 2. The teacher gave us some practical ______ (advise) on how to stay safe in disasters. 3. The __________ (occur) of the tsunami was predicted by scientists in advance. 4. He is one of the few who ________ (survival) the terrible earthquake. 5. The storm had a ________ (damage) effect on the local crops. destruction advice occurrence survived damaging 二、用单词的适当形式填空。 6. A loud _________ (explode) was heard from the factory nearby. 7. The team was __________ (successfully) in finishing the rescue task on time. 8. What we saw in the documentary was the _______ (real) of life in disaster areas. 9. Our main ____ (aim) is to raise money for the people in the disaster area. 10. She _____ (shut) the door and went to bed without saying a word. explosion successful reality aim shut 三、选词填空。（5题） disaster, damage, destroy, troop, successfully (请从方框中选择合适单词填入空格，每词限用一次) 1. A sudden natural _________ left hundreds of people homeless. 2. The heavy rain caused great _______ to the roads in the mountain area. 3. The strong earthquake __________ most of the old buildings in the town. 4. The rescue ______ arrived at the disaster area within three hours. 5. The workers ____________ repaired the broken dam gate after two days' hard work. disaster damage destroyed troop successfully See You! $