专题04 阅读理解（记叙文）（期末真题汇编，重庆专用）八年级英语下学期

**基本信息** 该试卷为八年级下记叙文阅读理解专题汇编，精选重庆市多区期末真题，涵盖文学名著、哲理感悟等主题，通过经典文本与生活情境融合，考查语言理解与思维品质。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解选择题|每篇4题|细节理解（如“老人性格描述”）、推理判断（如“情节发展预测”）、词义猜测（如“tremble含义”）、主旨大意（如“故事寓意”）|结合《老人与海》《小王子》等名著改编，设置象征意义匹配题（如“鱼/海的象征”），融入跨文化素材与生活哲理|

专题04 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与社会——文学名著 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市鲁能巴蜀中学校·期末） ①“This is what I waited for,” he thought. “So now let me take it.” ②He could not see the fish’s jumps, but only heard the breaking of the ocean and the heavy noise as it fell. The thin fishing line was cutting his hands badly, but he had always known this would happen. He tried to keep the cutting across the calloused (长茧的) parts and not let the line cut the fingers or the palm (掌心). ③“I wish the boy were here... If the boy were here, he would definitely help me,” he thought. “Yes. If the boy were here. If the boy were here...” ④But now, the old man was alone in his small boat, far out at sea. The sun rose slowly, and the water was quiet and deep blue. He held the fishing line carefully, feeling the strong pull from the great fish under the water. ⑤“You’d better be brave, old man,” he said. “Pain does not matter to a man.” ⑥The fish was beautiful and full of life. It pulled the boat farther and farther. He was tired. His hands were cut, and his back hurt, but his eyes stayed bright. ⑦He looked at the sea. It was wide and full of possibilities. Sometimes it was quiet, and sometimes hard to understand. He had been on the sea for many years. He loved it, even when it wasn’t kind to him. ⑧Once again, the fish came to the surface. It was the biggest fish he had ever seen—beautiful, shining, and strong. ⑨“You are such a treasure,” he said in a low voice. “God, please help me.” —Adapted from The Old Man and the Sea 1．According to the second paragraph, which word best describes the old man? A．Experienced. B．Interesting. C．Lonely. D．Kind. 2．Where does this passage best fit in a story mountain? A．Background. B．Rising Action. C．Climax. D．Falling Action. 3．Match the characters with their symbolic meanings (象征含义). a. The fish    b. The boy    c. The old man    d. The sea ①Dream    ②Spirit    ③Life    ④Friendship A．a-①; b-②; c-③; d-④ B．a-③; b-②; c-①; d-④ C．a-①; b-④; c-②; d-③ D．a-③; b-④; c-②; d-① 4．What can you infer from the passage? A．The sea is always kind to the fisherman. B．The boy is on the boat with the old man. C．The old man is going to catch some smaller fish. D．The old man is feeling nervous but will try to fight. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市荣昌区·期末） The little prince leaves his planet to visit other planets. When he comes to the sixth planet, he sees an old man. The man is reading a big book with a magnifier (放大镜). The old man: Where are you from, boy? The little prince: What’s that big book? What are you doing? The old man: I’m a geographer. The book is about all the seas, rivers, mountains and... The little prince: Your planet is very beautiful. Does it have any mountains? The old man: I don’t know. The little prince: How about rivers and lakes? The old man: I have no idea, either. The little prince: But why? You are a geographer! The old man: Right! But... Well, where are you from? The little prince: My planet is very far away from yours. It’s very small. There is only a rose and three volcanoes (火山) on my planet. Not so interesting, right? That’s why I want to visit other planets. The old man thinks for a minute. Then he says to the little prince, “The Earth can be a good place for you to visit.” The little prince says thanks and leaves. 1．How many planets has the little prince visited before coming to this old man’s planet? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Which planet will the little prince most probably visit next? A．The Earth. B．The Mars. C．The moon. D．The sun. 3．What do the underlined sentences mean? A．Why do you work as a geographer? B．Why do you know little about your planet? C．Why do you live on this planet? D．Why do you know all the seas and mountains? 4．Where can we most probably find this reading material? A．In a science newspaper. B．In a film poster. C．In a geography magazine. D．In a story book. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市两江新区·期末） Dorothy lived with her aunt and uncle in Kansas. One day, a strong wind came. It was so strong that Dorothy’s house began to shake. “Run to the cellar (地下室)!” Uncle Henry shouted. But before Dorothy could move, the house was lifted into the air by the wind. It spun around and around, carrying everything inside. When the storm stopped, Dorothy opened her eyes. She found the house was no longer in Kansas. Outside, there were colorful flowers and tall trees. A little woman in a blue dress came up and said, “You must be the one who killed the bad Wizard (巫师) of the East! Look, her silver shoes are on your feet now.” Dorothy was quite afraid in this strange place. She just wanted to go home. Soon, Dorothy met a Scarecrow (稻草人). He had no brain and hoped the Wizard of Oz could give him one. “Can I go with you to see the Wizard?” the Scarecrow asked. Dorothy agreed. Together, they started their trip, not knowing what would happen next. As they walked along the yellow road, they heard a loud sound. A Scared Lion jumped out, shaking with fear. “I want to ask the Wizard how to be brave,” the Lion said in a weak voice. Dorothy and the Scarecrow welcomed him to join their trip. Now, the three of them continued, facing unknown dangers and looking forward to meeting the Wizard. (Adapted from The Wizard of Oz) 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The tree. B．The air. C．The house. D．The shoe. 2．Why did the Scarecrow want to go with Dorothy? A．Because he wanted to get a brain. B．Because he wanted to become brave. C．Because he wanted to find his home. D．Because he wanted to kill the bad Wizard. 3．Which is the right order of the events? ①Dorothy met the Scarecrow. ②The house was lifted by the wind. ③Dorothy found herself in a strange place. ④Uncle Henry told Dorothy to run to the cellar. ⑤ A scared lion joined the trip. A．④→②→③→①→⑤ B．②→④→③→①→⑤ C．④→②→①→③→⑤ D．②→④→①→③→⑤ 4．According to the passage, what may happen next? A．Dorothy and her friends would give up and went back home. B．The Wizard of Oz would refuse to help Dorothy and her friends. C．The Scarecrow would send a gift to thank the Wizard for the help. D．Dorothy and her friends would face more challenges during the trip. Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·重庆市第一中学校·期末） On the cold night before going to the war, Mr. March moved quietly through the dark house. He wanted to say goodbye to each of his four daughters in a special way. First, he visited Meg’s tidy room. Seeing her schoolbooks, he left a silver coin-enough money for the blue dress she wanted at the store, with a paper on. He wrote, “To my future dressmaker.” Next, in Joyce’s messy room, he placed three new pencils on her desk. On each pencil, he wrote, “For my creative writer. “ In little Beth’s room, he gently put a small book under her pillow, its first page reading, “Your music makes angels smile.” Then he walked into Amy’s colorful bedroom without making any noise, putting a fine paintbrush into her art box. He wrote, “You are the most talented artist I have ever seen.” This kind of paintbrush was the gift she always wanted but she thought it was too expensive. Finally, he climbed to the second floor where all the girls were there together in a large bed. Moonlight showed tears on his face when he watched them. When Joyce saw this, she whispered, “Papa?” He hurried to wipe his eyes. “My dear girls,” he said, hugging all of them,” when you miss me, please remember that every good thing you do will make me feel warm and proud even though I’m far away from you.” The next morning, the girls found only footprints in the snow outside. But in each coat pocket was a piece of maple candy-just like when they were little, the father’s sweet treats made their troubles disappear. --Adapted from Little Women 1．Why did Mr. March leave different gifts for his daughters? A．To check out if they would notice the gifts. B．To help them with their schoolwork. C．To show his understanding and encouragement of each daughter’s dream. D．To give them something to have a memory. 2．Which “wipe” below has the same meaning as the “wipe” in Paragraph 4? A．The emperor wanted to wipe hunger in the country. B．The cat gave the toy a wipe with its paw. C．He offered to wipe the table after dinner. D．He threw away a wipe to refuse to clean the table. 3．What can we infer from the father’s tears? A．He feared to lose his life in the war. B．He felt proud of his daughters’ different talents. C．He was simply sad about leaving home. D．He loved his daughters and didn’t want to part with his family 4．How did the girls feel when they saw the maple candy in the last paragraph? A．Warm and loved. B．Worried and scared. C．Serious and angry. D．Excited and brave. 主题02 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市铜梁区·期末） Wang Zhenbai was a hard-working poet (诗人) during China’s Tang Dynasty. As a young man, he believed studying could help him achieve his dreams. To further his studies, he moved to Bailudong Academy (白鹿洞书院) at the foot of Lushan Mountain. The academy was perfect for learning, with birds singing as students read aloud. Wang really enjoyed his daily life. Every day, he followed the same routine (常规): he would begin to read the book as soon as the sun rose in the morning, continue studying late into the night. He hardly noticed the weather changing outside. One spring afternoon, Wang was reading his book carefully. At this moment, a playful classmate passed by his window and walked into his room. He wanted to play with him and talked about something. Wang listened to his classmate carefully but quickly returned to his books. After the classmate left, Wang realized something important—while talking, study time had gone. Because of this experience, Wang wrote a famous poem: “Reading without noticing spring’s arrival, Every inch of time equals an inch of gold.” The poem’s second line “An inch of time is an inch of gold” became widely popular. It taught people that time is as valuable (贵重的) as treasure. Just like we protect gold, we should make good use of every minute. This saying remains important today. It reminds us that time never returns once lost. Whether studying, working, or helping others, we should value each moment. 1．Why did Wang Zhenbai move to Bailudong Academy? A．To enjoy the mountain. B．To make new friends. C．To continue his studies. D．To become a teacher. 2．What was Wang Zhenbai’s daily routine at the academy? A．Writing poems and climbing mountains. B．Reading books from sunrise to nighttime. C．Teaching younger students and planting trees. D．Practicing handwriting and fishing. 3．How do you understand “An inch of time is an inch of gold” in the passage? A．一寸光阴一寸金 B．一日之计在于晨 C．千金散尽还复来 D．黑发不知勤学早 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A music book. B．A news report. C．A science paper. D．A history book. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市丰都县·期末） A group of highly successful officials visited their former math teacher. Soon, they started to complain (抱怨) about the troubles and difficulties in their work and life. The teacher went to the kitchen and returned with some coffee and some cups. The cups are very different in colors and shapes. Some were cheap, others were expensive. He told them to help themselves to the coffee. They started to choose their favorite coffee and cups. A few minutes later, when everyone was holding a cup of coffee in their hands, the teacher said, “I’ve noticed that all of you took the pretty and expensive cups, and nobody chose the cheap ones. While it’s normal for you to choose the best for yourselves, that’s the cause of your problems. You know the cup itself doesn’t affect the coffee. What you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you still chose the best cups. Now, think about this. Life is the coffee. Jobs and money are the cups. They are tools (工具) to hold life, and the type of cups doesn’t change your life. Sometimes, we only pay attention to the cup, so we fail to enjoy the coffee that life gives us. Life gives us the coffee, not the cups. Please enjoy your coffee!” The happiest people don’t have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything. Live simply. Love freely. Care deeply. And speak kindly. 1．What did the teacher bring from the kitchen? A．Tea and cookies. B．Coffee and different cups. C．Juice and expensive glasses. D．Water and plastic bottles. 2．According to the teacher, what does the “coffee” stand for in life? A．Jobs and money. B．Happiness and love. C．The real life. D．Problems and difficulties. 3．What can we know about the teacher? A．He teaches math very well. B．He likes coffee in cheap cups. C．He is wise and patient. D．He has the best of everything. 4．What can we learn from this story? A．Expensive things always make life better. B．People should enjoy the life, not just material things. C．Only successful people can use the expensive cups. D．Coffee tastes better in expensive cups. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市云阳县·期末） One morning, an old man came into a poor village. All he had was a soup pot and a spoon. The villagers only had a little food, and not enough to share. The old man was so hungry that he came up with a plan. He made a fire in the middle of the town. Then he filled his pot with water and set the pot on the fire. Last, he put a nice, round stone into the pot. “This stone soup looks good,” he said loudly. “Soon it will be ready to eat.” Curiously, people came out. He told them that he was making stone soup and would give them some. “How do you make stone soup?” asked a girl. “It’s easy,” said the old man. “All you need is stone. ▲ ” A woman said she had a few beans, so she went off, got the beans and put them into the pot. “Thank you. This stone soup looks good. But it would be much better with a bit of meat,” says the old man. A young man said he had a bit of meat. He quickly went back home, then put it into the pot. Soon, another woman offered some carrots, and a boy brought a potato... “Mmm,” said the old man. “The soup is ready. Get your bowls now.” “Thank you,” people said together. “Now we know how to make stone soup. We will never be hungry again.” The old man just smiled and went on his way, leaving them with a valuable (有价值的) lesson. 1．Why didn’t the people want to share food with the old man? A．Because they didn’t like strangers. B．Because they didn’t have enough food. C．Because the old man was unfriendly. D．Because they saved food for their parents. 2．What was the old man’s plan? A．To sell his soup pot and spoon for food. B．To encourage the villagers to share their food. C．To build a fire and cook his own food secretly. D．To ask the villagers for money instead of food. 3．Which of the following is the best for ▲ ? A．And you don’t need any other things. B．Because it won’t be delicious without it. C．Then you need to wait for 2 hours. D．But it would be so better with some beans. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Stone Soup. B．A Poor Village. C．Friendly Villagers. D．A Lazy Old Man. 主题03 人与社会——寓言童话 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市铜梁区·期末） Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (爱丽丝梦游仙境) is a famous British story about a girl named Alice. One day, while sitting by a river with her sister, Alice sees a white rabbit (兔子) wearing a blue coat and carrying a watch. The rabbit runs into a hole, and Alice follows it. She falls down, down, down into a deep, dark hole and lands in a strange world called Wonderland. In Wonderland, everything is crazy! Alice grows very small, then very tall, and meets many strange characters. First, there’s the Mad Hatter, a man with a crazy hat who loves tea parties. Then she meets talking animals like a smiling cat, a nervous rabbit, and even a baby that turns into a pig! Later, Alice meets two queens (女王): the Red Queen is unkind and always shouts, “Cut off their heads!” The White Queen is friendly but acts in strange ways. The Red Queen orders her men to catch Alice and makes her solve silly riddles (谜语). Alice faces many funny and scary challenges. She gets into trouble in a house, plays a terrible game with the birds. Finally, she meets a giant caterpillar (巨型毛虫) and wakes up suddenly. She realizes her journey was all a dream! This story is full of crazy, creative ideas and silly surprises. It teaches readers to use their mind and stay brave when things get into trouble. Alice learns to solve problems, think creatively, and believe in herself—even in the craziest situations! 1．Why does Alice fall into the hole? A．She wants to find treasure. B．She follows a white rabbit. C．She was afraid of the river. D．She is hiding from a storm. 2．What happens to Alice in Wonderland? A．She loves tea parties. B．She turns into an animal. C．She loses her voice. D．She grows very small, then very tall. 3．What does the Red Queen often shout? A．“Let’s have tea!” B．“Cut off their heads!” C．“Follow me!” D．“Stop dreaming!” 4．What is the main idea of the story? A．To invite more people to join this journey. B．To warn readers about the dangers of animals. C．To explain how to solve silly riddles with creative thinking. D．To encourage staying brave and using mind to solve problems. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆南岸区·期末） One cold winter morning, Mole woke up feeling a bit lonely and sad. His little home was warm and comfortable, but the long, cold days made him miss his friends. So, he decided to visit Ratty, who lived by the river. Mole walked through the snowy woods, his paws (爪) making small prints in the snow. After a while, he finally reached Ratty’s house. Ratty was busy cleaning his little boat, getting ready for spring. When he saw Mole, he smiled and said, “Come in, come in! I was just about to make some tea! I’ve got snacks too!” ▲ The two friends started talking about the fun adventures (冒险) they had in the past. Ratty told Mole stories about the river, the animals they had met, and all the exciting times they had together. Mole listened carefully, his heart warming with happiness. He felt so lucky to have such a good friend like Ratty. It was just the right kind of day for a good talk and a warm drink. Just then, Toad ran in, full of energy (能量). “I’ve got a great idea! Let’s go on an adventure!” he shouted. Ratty and Mole looked at each other and smiled. They knew that Toad’s ideas were always fun, but he didn’t always think them through. The three friends spent the rest of the day laughing, talking, and having fun together. Mole felt much happier, knowing that even in the cold winter, he had friends who cared about him. After all, it wasn’t so bad when you had good friends by your side, no matter the weather. 1．Where did Mole go after feeling lonely and sad? A．To another village. B．To Ratty’s house. C．To the big forest. D．To Toad’s house. 2．What was Ratty doing when Mole arrived at his house? A．Cleaning his boat. B．Drinking milk tea. C．Talking with Toad. D．Sleeping by the fire. 3．Which sentence can be probably put in the ▲ ? A．Mole felt much better as he stepped inside and sat by the fire. B．Mole felt unhappy that he started to cry loudly in the house. C．Ratty slowly started to dance in the middle of the big house. D．Ratty stood in front of the door, not letting him step in at all. 4．What is the right order of Mole’s story? ①reach Ratty’s house by the river;    ②spend the rest of the day with his friends; ③decide to visit his friend Ratty;    ④see Toad run in; ⑤talk with Ratty by the fire about their past adventures A．③④②①⑤ B．⑤④③①② C．④②③①⑤ D．③①⑤④② Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市渝中区·期末） After running away from the land of small people, my ship was caught in a terrible storm and hit a rocky shore (岸). When I woke up, I found myself in a country where everything was so huge! The grass was as tall as forest trees, and ants were the size of dogs. Suddenly, the earth began to tremble --- a farmer, as tall as a mountain, walked up to me! To my surprise, he picked me up gently with two fingers and put me in his pocket. The farmer carried me to his house. His children shouted with excitement, thinking I was a living toy. The youngest boy tried to grab (抓住) me, but I quickly cried, “Please, kind sir!” The family were surprised. “It speaks!” said the farmer’s wife. From that day, they called me “Grildrig” (meaning “little doll”). The farmer’s daughter, Glumdalclitch, a kind girl of nine, became my protector. She made small clothes for me and taught me their language. One day, the farmer said, “Grildrig should make money!” He built a wooden stage (舞台) and took me to the market. People paid money to watch me perform. The farmer asked me to work so hard that I had almost no rest. Before long, the queen (女王) herself sent for me. At the palace (王宫), I ate from golden plates and slept on silk cushions (垫子). But I felt that danger was somewhere: a monkey once carried me to the rooftop (屋顶), and teacups almost drowned (淹死) me. I missed home but saw no way to run away. (Selected from Gulliver’s Travels) 1．What did Gulliver think of the country when he arrived there? A．It was very small and quiet. B．Everything was very large. C．The people were very friendly. D．The weather was terrible. 2．The word “tremble” in Paragraph 1 means “________”. A．run B．open C．stop D．shake 3．What is the right order of the events according to the passage? ①The queen invited Gulliver to the palace.   ②The farmer took Gulliver home.   ③Gulliver performed at the market to make money. ④Glumdalclitch cared for Gulliver. A．②④③① B．②①④③ C．③②④① D．④③①② 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Gulliver wanted to become famous. B．Glumdalclitch was a very kind girl. C．Gulliver enjoyed his rich life in the palace. D．The farmer was interested in making money. 主题01 人与社会——叙事忆旧 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市石柱县·期末） In a small town, there was a very famous old carpenter (木匠) called Jacob. He could make many things, from a simple chair to a beautiful house. One day, a young man came to visit Jacob and learned to be a good carpenter. He loved working with wood, but he was impatient. He always did things in a hurry. After a few days of learning from Jacob, the young man thought, “I can learn to make a house now. ” After Jacob knew that, he said, “I can teach you to make a house, but first, you need to do an easy job.” He then gave the young man a piece of wood and said, “Polish (打磨) it.” The young man thought it was easy. He polished the wood a few times and soon gave it back. Jacob shook his head and said, “It is not smooth. Try again. ” The young man polished for another 10 minutes, and ran to give it to the old carpenter. Without seeing, Jacob shook his head again. Feeling sad, the young man started to polish every part of the wood carefully, then gave it to Jacob again. The old carpenter smiled and said, “The easier the job is, the more patience we need. That’s the secret you need to know. ” 1．What does the underlined sentence “he was impatient” mean? A．The young man did things perfectly. B．The young man did things secretly. C．The young man didn’t do things carefully. D．The young man didn’t do things quickly. 2．How many times did the young man give the wood back to Jacob? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times. 3．How did Jacob feel at the end of the story? A．He was thankful. B．He was happy. C．He was angry. D．He was worried. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．An Old Carpenter B．A Hard-working Young Man C．The Ways to Make a Beautiful House D．The Secret to Be a Good Carpenter Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市大渡口区·期末） I was at the shop last night and saw a homeless woman with a trolley (手推车) full of her things. She was sitting inside the shop to keep warm. I went up to her and tried to give her money for something to eat, but she refused. She explained that if she had too much money on her, other homeless people might steal it while she was sleeping. I explained that I just wanted to help her and asked if I could buy her something warm. Again, she said no. She thanked me and said how thankful she was that I could offer help. We introduced ourselves, and she said that when I saw her next time, she would accept help. ______ The lady taught me an important lesson: Not all homeless people accept money or help if they believe they’ve received enough that day. I look forward to meeting her again. Walking out into the cold night, I met a homeless man who was freezing. I gave the money to him. I was glad that he accepted my help. I left with a special feeling. I always try to understand what it’s like to be in a homeless person’s shoes or to imagine if they were my children facing such difficulties. I learned how lucky I am and how thankful I should be for what I have. 1．Why didn’t the homeless woman receive the writer’s help? A．Because she had a warm place to stay. B．Because she has too many things herself. C．Because she wanted to help other homeless people. D．Because she thought she received enough that day. 2．Why did the writer want to meet the woman again? A．Because the writer had to help the woman. B．Because the writer was moved by the woman. C．Because the writer became the woman’s friend. D．Because the woman wanted the writer to do so. 3．Which sentence can be put in the ______? A．What an amazing woman! B．What a clever woman! C．What a bad woman! D．What a silly woman! 4．What kind of person is the writer? A．Smart and lucky. B．Helpful and hard-working. C．Kind and helpful. D．Kind and smart. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市巴南区·期末） My name is John. Last year, I was always tired at school. For breakfast, I usually ate chocolate cookies and drank sweet juice. My lunchbox contained (包含) fried potatoes, cola, and chocolate cakes. One afternoon, I fell asleep during a math class for the third time. My teacher Ms. Clark gently said, “Maybe you should visit Nurse Amy.” After knowing about my eating habits, Nurse Amy told me, “Your body needs different nutrients.” she said. “Protein (蛋白质) from meat and eggs, vitamins (维他命) from colorful vegetables like carrots and tomatoes, and energy from whole grains (全麦) like brown bread, are all necessary for us.” She drew a glass of water on my notebook: “Try drinking water instead of cola!” That evening, Mom and I made dinner together—fish with green beans and white rice. We even made fruit salad with apples and bananas! Now I have milk, eggs and brown bread for breakfast. I also take healthy snacks like strawberry yogurt (酸奶) to school. My new favorite lunch is chicken with vegetables. Two months later, I didn’t fall asleep in class any more. Last week, I even won second place in our school sports day! Eating better helps me think faster and play longer. 1．What did John usually have for breakfast last year? A．Sandwiches and milk. B．Cookies and sweet juice. C．Chicken and rice. D．Yogurt and fruits. 2．Who advised John to talk to the school nurse? A．The student’s mother. B．The school nurse. C．Ms. Clark. D．A friend. 3．What does “nutrients” mean in Paragraph 2? A．食物味道 B．烹饪方法 C．饮食习惯 D．营养物质 4．What’s the right order of the following events? a. He won a running race. b. Nurse Amy gave John some suggestions. c. John and his mom made dinner together. d. John fell asleep in a math class. A．d→b→c→a B．b→d→c→a C．d→c→b→a D．a→d→b→c 主题02 人与社会——寓言童话 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市长寿区·期末） There was once a poor man who lived in a village. Every day, he walked around the village and wanted villagers to give him some work. When he was lucky, he could get enough money to buy one small meal. One day, the man saw a fat goose run by, so he caught it. “What a hearty meal you will make!” said the man, “Tonight my stomach will be full.” “Do not eat me!” cried the goose, “I am a very special goose. If you feed me and take care of me, I will lay golden eggs for you.” “Can this be true?” the man wondered, “Since this goose can talk, perhaps it can lay golden eggs, too. I will give it a chance.” So the man took the goose home and fed it the last food in his kitchen, even though he had to go to bed hungry that night. As soon as he woke up the next morning, the man rushed over to the goose. Under the goose he found a large, shiny egg made of gold. He took the egg to the market and sold it for lots of money. When he came home, his arms were full of food, and there was good food for the goose. Each day, the goose laid another golden egg and the man sold it. Soon, the man was very rich, but he wanted to become even richer. “Why should I spend so much money on food for the goose?” he asked himself. He decided to cut the goose open and get all the golden eggs at once. The man cut the goose open and found no golden eggs. “What have I done?” he cried. 1．What does the underlined word “hearty” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Big. B．Hot. C．Cold. D．Small. 2．Why did the man take the goose home? A．Because he decided to sell it for money. B．Because the goose might make him rich. C．Because he wanted to cook it for dinner. D．Because the goose asked him for food. 3．What is the correct order according to (根据) the passage? a. The man bought some good food for the goose. b. The man fed the goose with the last food he had. c. The man cut the goose open and found nothing. d. The man found a golden egg under the goose. A．c-a-d-b B．b-d-a-c C．a-b-d-c D．c-a-b-d 4．What is the story trying to tell us? A．We should give the food we have to those in need. B．We may lose what we have if we always want more. C．It’s quite difficult for us to find a job in the village. D．It’s important for us to take good care of animals. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市九龙坡区·期末） The monkey tribe (部落) shouted excitedly as they pulled Mowgli through the trees. “We’re smart! We’re great!” They shouted at Baloo, the bear, and Bagheera, the panther (黑豹). “This human boy will make us kings!” Baloo felt worried. “They’re taking him to the Cold Caves—those old stone houses. We need help from someone stronger.” Kaa, the huge snake, rested under a warm rock. Bagheera walked closer carefully. “The monkeys say you’re a weak old snake,” he said. Kaa lifted his head slowly. His tongue (舌头) moved like lightning. “Really? Maybe those monkeys need a lesson…” Moonlight shone on the broken stone city when the rescuer (救援者) came. Monkeys jumped around Mowgli, talking about their “great home”. Suddenly, Kaa’s long body moved up the walls like water. When his big head appeared above the ground, everything became quiet. “Don’t breathe!” Mowgli remembered Kaa’s words. The snake started his swaying dance, moving his body in circles. Slowly, the monkeys’ eyes closed, their arms and legs becoming weak. Mowgli ran to Baloo as monkeys fell from the trees. “Never follow the monkey tribe,” Baloo said angrily but gently. “They talk too much and remember nothing. Without a leader, they’re nothing.” Bagheera added, “Remember your real friends—those who help quietly, not make useless noise.” Kaa smiled widely. “But maybe just one monkey…” “No!” Mowgli shouted. “The Jungle Law says no eating monkeys!” Kaa shook his head as sunlight colored the forest gold. —The Jungle Book 1．Why did Bagheera tell Kaa that the monkeys called him “a weak old snake”? A．Because Kaa was really too old and too slow. B．Because he wanted Kaa to get angry and help them. C．Because Kaa had lost a fight with the monkeys before. D．Because Bagheera believed Kaa wasn’t strong anymore. 2．Which “swaving” has the same meaning and usage as the “swaying” in Paragraph 3? A．She found herself swaying between joy and sadness at the result. B．Those apple trees were swaying wildly in the heavy rainstorm. C．The red flower began its gentle swaying move in the soft wind. D．Her words are swaying our opinions, making us see things differently. 3．What is the right order of the events in the passage? ① Kaa danced to make the monkeys sleep. ② Baloo warned Mowgli about the monkey tribe. ③ The monkeys took Mowgli to the Cold Caves. ④ Bagheera talked to Kaa under the rock. A．③-④-①-② B．③-②-④-① C．④-③-①-② D．②-③-④-① 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Monkeys are dangerous but funny animals. B．Children should always listen to their adults. C．Snakes are the strongest animals in the jungle. D．True friends help quietly without talking too much. Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市万州区·期末） Long ago, an official (官员) named Pang Gong from the State of Wei (魏国) was going to the State of Zhao. Before leaving, Pang felt there was still something to tell the King of Wei. He came to the king and said, “Dear King, if someone says a tiger appeared in the market (市场), would you believe it?” The king said, “You must be joking. How could I believe such a thing? We haven’t seen a tiger there for many years.” Pang said, “If two people say there’s a tiger, would you believe it?” The king said no. Pang kept on, “What if three people all come and say there’s a tiger?” The king said, “Then I would believe it.” Pang said, “Dear King, you know that there can’t be a tiger in the market. Just because three people say so, you would believe it. Now I’ll be away for three years. If some people tell bad stories about me, can you find the truth then?” After that, Pang left the State of Wei. As soon as he left, many other officials told the king that Pang Gong was a bad official. Three years later, when Pang came back, the king didn’t want to see him because he had believed the other officials. 1．What can we learn from the talk between Pang Gong and the king? A．The king might believe others easily. B．The king loved Pang Gong’s story. C．Pang Gong believed in the king. D．Pang Gong wouldn’t come back. 2．What did Pang Gong ask the king to do if people told bad stories about him? A．To drive them away. B．To believe them. C．To find the truth. D．To kill them. 3．What happened when Pang Gong came back? A．The king welcomed him warmly. B．The other officials laughed at him. C．Pang Gong couldn’t see the king. D．Pang Gong couldn’t be an official. 4．What’s the passage talking about? A．平步青云 B．三人成虎 C．信口雌黄 D．毛将焉附 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·重庆市永川区·期末） One cold evening, a small pig named Wilbur came to a new farm. He felt very lonely because there were no other pigs to play with. The other animals on the farm—the cows, chickens, and sheep were all busy with their own things. Nobody seemed to notice the sad little pig. Then a kind voice said, “Hello there!” Wilbur looked up and saw a clever spider named Charlotte hanging from her web. “You look lonely,” Charlotte said. “Would you like to be my friends?” “Oh yes!” Wilbur answered happily. “I’ve never had a real friend before.” From that day on, Wilbur and Charlotte became best friends. They talked every day and shared many happy times together. One morning, Wilbur heard some bad news. The farmer wanted to sell him! Wilbur was very scared. “Don’t worry,” Charlotte said. “I’ll help you.” She worked hard spinning her web. Soon, words like “GREAT” and “SPECIAL” appeared in the web. When the farmer saw these words, he was amazed. “Look!” he cried. “This pig must be amazing!” He decided to keep Wilbur on the farm. “Thank you, Charlotte!” Wilbur said. “You saved me!” Charlotte smiled. “That’s what friends do,” she replied. 1．Why was Wilbur unhappy at first? A．Because the farm was too big. B．Because he had no friends. C．Because the weather was cold. D．Because he didn’t like spiders. 2．How did Charlotte help Wilbur? A．She gave him food. B．She found other pigs. C．She talked to the farmer. D．She wrote words in her web. 3．What does the underlined word “spinning” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Cleaning. B．Making. C．Drawing. D．Singing. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Words can be helpless. B．Spiders are small animals. C．Farmers change their minds. D．Good friends help each other in need. 主题03 人与社会——著名人物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市丰都县·期末） Liang Wenfeng is a clever young man in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). He was born in a small town. When he was 17, Liang got the highest score in his school. Then he was able to enter Zhejiang University to study. He became really interested in business. This early interest helped him a lot for his future success. In 2015, Liang and his friends started an AI company (公司). Liang’s new ideas and good skills made the company grow fast. By 2021, the company had more than 100 billion yuan. This made Liang more confident and ready for a bigger one. In 2023, Liang started DeepSeek. His dream was to make AI that could help everyone, especially children in poor areas. DeepSeek’s Al models worked well and were cheap. In January 2025, DeepSeek’s app was downloaded (下载) the most in both China and the United States. It shows __________. Liang’s success is not just because he is smart and works hard. It’s also because he is brave enough to try new things. He thinks China can be a leader in technology (科技) and help the world. Finally, he did it. He showed the world how strong China is. Liang Wenfeng is really a good example for all of us. 1．What made Liang’s company grow fast in 2015? A．His new ideas and good skills. B．His interest in business. C．His high score in school. D．His dream to help poor children. 2．Which sentence can be put in the ________? A．Liang was the smartest person in the world B．Liang became the richest person in the world C．DeepSeek’s app was more expensive than other apps D．DeepSeek’s app was very popular and successful 3．How does the writer feel according to this passage? A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Angry. D．Calm. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Spread of AI in China. B．The Success of DeepSeek. C．Liang Wenfeng: A Role Model in AI. D．The Future of AI in China. Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市西南大学附属中学校·期末） Take a pen and write the number 6174 on a piece of paper. It looks just like any other number, doesn’t it? But what if I told you that it was a magic number? Do you think this is a joke? Well, let’s see the magic with a quick experiment (实验). Start with any four-digit (数字) number—just make sure that at least two of the digits are different. You may use, for example, 2024. Now rearrange the digits to make the smallest possible number: 0224. Then, arrange the digits to make the largest number: 4220. Let’s subtract the smaller number from the larger number: 4220-0224= 3996. Go back to the second step and repeat the process: 9963-3699=6264▷6642-2466=4176▷7641-1467=6174 Ta-da! There you have it: 6174! You can repeat this experiment with another number. What do you end up with? Is it 6174? This number is known as Kaprekar’s constant. It is named after the Indian mathematician Dattatreya Ramchandra Kaprekar. He discovered (发现) the magic behind this number in 1949 after performing the above process. Kaprekar had always enjoyed playing with numbers. After finishing college, he spent his life working as a primary school math teacher. The man was known for his sharp mind. Many schools and colleges invited him to solve difficult math problems. But when Kaprekar presented the magic of 6174 at an international mathematics meeting, other mathematicians didn’t roll out the red carpet. They thought it was a useless discovery and made fun of him. Yet to this day, no scientist can fully tell why this magic works. Would you like to dive deeper? Try different numbers and see how many steps you need to get to 6174. Which number needs the most calculations? How about the least? 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By using sayings. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 2．To start the experiment, which of the following numbers should you choose? A．76. B．111. C．1914. D．6666. 3．What does the underlined phrase mean in the passage? A．Show little interest. B．Give a warm welcome. C．Have a good laugh. D．Disagree with his belief. 4．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To introduce a magic number 6174 and the story behind its discovery. B．To show people that Kaprekar was a great mathematician. C．To teach people how to do math experiments with four-digit numbers. D．To invite readers to become math teachers like Kaprekar. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与社会——文学名著 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 3 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D Passage 4 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 主题02 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 主题03 人与社会——寓言童话 Passage 1 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 主题01 人与社会——叙事忆旧 Passage 1 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C Passage 3 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 主题02 人与社会——寓言童话 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B Passage 2 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D Passage 3 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B Passage 4 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 主题03 人与社会——著名人物 Passage 1 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C Passage 2 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（记叙文） 主题01 人与社会——文学名著 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市鲁能巴蜀中学校·期末） ①“This is what I waited for,” he thought. “So now let me take it.” ②He could not see the fish’s jumps, but only heard the breaking of the ocean and the heavy noise as it fell. The thin fishing line was cutting his hands badly, but he had always known this would happen. He tried to keep the cutting across the calloused (长茧的) parts and not let the line cut the fingers or the palm (掌心). ③“I wish the boy were here... If the boy were here, he would definitely help me,” he thought. “Yes. If the boy were here. If the boy were here...” ④But now, the old man was alone in his small boat, far out at sea. The sun rose slowly, and the water was quiet and deep blue. He held the fishing line carefully, feeling the strong pull from the great fish under the water. ⑤“You’d better be brave, old man,” he said. “Pain does not matter to a man.” ⑥The fish was beautiful and full of life. It pulled the boat farther and farther. He was tired. His hands were cut, and his back hurt, but his eyes stayed bright. ⑦He looked at the sea. It was wide and full of possibilities. Sometimes it was quiet, and sometimes hard to understand. He had been on the sea for many years. He loved it, even when it wasn’t kind to him. ⑧Once again, the fish came to the surface. It was the biggest fish he had ever seen—beautiful, shining, and strong. ⑨“You are such a treasure,” he said in a low voice. “God, please help me.” —Adapted from The Old Man and the Sea 1．According to the second paragraph, which word best describes the old man? A．Experienced. B．Interesting. C．Lonely. D．Kind. 2．Where does this passage best fit in a story mountain? A．Background. B．Rising Action. C．Climax. D．Falling Action. 3．Match the characters with their symbolic meanings (象征含义). a. The fish    b. The boy    c. The old man    d. The sea ①Dream    ②Spirit    ③Life    ④Friendship A．a-①; b-②; c-③; d-④ B．a-③; b-②; c-①; d-④ C．a-①; b-④; c-②; d-③ D．a-③; b-④; c-②; d-① 4．What can you infer from the passage? A．The sea is always kind to the fisherman. B．The boy is on the boat with the old man. C．The old man is going to catch some smaller fish. D．The old man is feeling nervous but will try to fight. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文节选自《老人与海》，主要讲述了老人在海上与大鱼搏斗的相关情况。 1．推理判断题。根据“The thin fishing line was cutting his hands badly, but he had always known this would happen. He tried to keep the cutting across the calloused (长茧的) parts and not let the line cut the fingers or the palm (掌心).”可知，老人对钓鱼过程中会出现的状况很了解，很有经验，故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“He held the fishing line carefully, feeling the strong pull from the great fish under the water.”以及故事山的结构可知，此时属于情节的上升阶段，即Rising Action，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文中③“‘I wish the boy were here... If the boy were here, he would definitely help me,’ he thought. ‘Yes. If the boy were here. If the boy were here...’”，体现出男孩和老人之间的情谊，所以男孩象征④友谊；⑥“The fish was beautiful and full of life.”，表明鱼象征③生命；从老人与大鱼搏斗，展现出坚韧的精神，可知老人象征②精神；⑦“He looked at the sea. It was wide and full of possibilities.”，说明大海充满各种可能，象征①梦想。所以匹配为a-③; b-④; c-②; d-①，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“‘You’d better be brave, old man,’ he said. ‘Pain does not matter to a man.’”以及老人与大鱼搏斗的情况，可推断出老人虽然紧张但会努力抗争，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市荣昌区·期末） The little prince leaves his planet to visit other planets. When he comes to the sixth planet, he sees an old man. The man is reading a big book with a magnifier (放大镜). The old man: Where are you from, boy? The little prince: What’s that big book? What are you doing? The old man: I’m a geographer. The book is about all the seas, rivers, mountains and... The little prince: Your planet is very beautiful. Does it have any mountains? The old man: I don’t know. The little prince: How about rivers and lakes? The old man: I have no idea, either. The little prince: But why? You are a geographer! The old man: Right! But... Well, where are you from? The little prince: My planet is very far away from yours. It’s very small. There is only a rose and three volcanoes (火山) on my planet. Not so interesting, right? That’s why I want to visit other planets. The old man thinks for a minute. Then he says to the little prince, “The Earth can be a good place for you to visit.” The little prince says thanks and leaves. 1．How many planets has the little prince visited before coming to this old man’s planet? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Which planet will the little prince most probably visit next? A．The Earth. B．The Mars. C．The moon. D．The sun. 3．What do the underlined sentences mean? A．Why do you work as a geographer? B．Why do you know little about your planet? C．Why do you live on this planet? D．Why do you know all the seas and mountains? 4．Where can we most probably find this reading material? A．In a science newspaper. B．In a film poster. C．In a geography magazine. D．In a story book. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文节选自名著《小王子》，是小王子与另一个星球上老人的对话。 1．细节理解题。根据“The little prince leaves his planet to visit other planets. When he comes to the sixth planet, he sees an old man.”可知，小王子离开自己的星球后前往其他星球，来到第六颗行星时见到了老人。由此可推知，在来到老人的星球之前，他已经访问了5颗行星 (6-1=5)。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据老人对小王子说的“The Earth can be a good place for you to visit.”以及小王子道谢后离开的情节可知，老人建议他去地球，所以小王子接下来最可能访问地球。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据前文小王子询问老人关于其星球的山脉、河流和湖泊，而老人两次回答“I don’t know.”和“I have no idea, either.”，再结合小王子说的“But why? You are a geographer!”可知，小王子质疑老人作为地理学家却对自己的星球了解甚少，画线句子的意思是“你为什么对你的星球知之甚少？”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。文章讲述了小王子在星际旅行中与地理学家的对话，属于虚构的故事内容。由此可知，我们最可能在故事书中找到这篇阅读材料。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市两江新区·期末） Dorothy lived with her aunt and uncle in Kansas. One day, a strong wind came. It was so strong that Dorothy’s house began to shake. “Run to the cellar (地下室)!” Uncle Henry shouted. But before Dorothy could move, the house was lifted into the air by the wind. It spun around and around, carrying everything inside. When the storm stopped, Dorothy opened her eyes. She found the house was no longer in Kansas. Outside, there were colorful flowers and tall trees. A little woman in a blue dress came up and said, “You must be the one who killed the bad Wizard (巫师) of the East! Look, her silver shoes are on your feet now.” Dorothy was quite afraid in this strange place. She just wanted to go home. Soon, Dorothy met a Scarecrow (稻草人). He had no brain and hoped the Wizard of Oz could give him one. “Can I go with you to see the Wizard?” the Scarecrow asked. Dorothy agreed. Together, they started their trip, not knowing what would happen next. As they walked along the yellow road, they heard a loud sound. A Scared Lion jumped out, shaking with fear. “I want to ask the Wizard how to be brave,” the Lion said in a weak voice. Dorothy and the Scarecrow welcomed him to join their trip. Now, the three of them continued, facing unknown dangers and looking forward to meeting the Wizard. (Adapted from The Wizard of Oz) 1．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The tree. B．The air. C．The house. D．The shoe. 2．Why did the Scarecrow want to go with Dorothy? A．Because he wanted to get a brain. B．Because he wanted to become brave. C．Because he wanted to find his home. D．Because he wanted to kill the bad Wizard. 3．Which is the right order of the events? ①Dorothy met the Scarecrow. ②The house was lifted by the wind. ③Dorothy found herself in a strange place. ④Uncle Henry told Dorothy to run to the cellar. ⑤ A scared lion joined the trip. A．④→②→③→①→⑤ B．②→④→③→①→⑤ C．④→②→①→③→⑤ D．②→④→①→③→⑤ 4．According to the passage, what may happen next? A．Dorothy and her friends would give up and went back home. B．The Wizard of Oz would refuse to help Dorothy and her friends. C．The Scarecrow would send a gift to thank the Wizard for the help. D．Dorothy and her friends would face more challenges during the trip. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文节选自《绿野仙踪》，讲述多萝西被龙卷风带到奇幻国度后，与稻草人、胆小狮结伴寻找奥兹巫师的冒险故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第1段“the house was lifted into the air by the wind. It spun around and around, carrying everything inside.”可知，房子被风刮到空中，它开始旋转。“it”指代前句中的“the house”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第3段“He had no brain and hoped the Wizard of Oz could give him one”可知，这个稻草人没有大脑，希望奥兹巫师能给他一个。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第1段“‘Run to the cellar (地下室)!’Uncle Henry shouted”可知，亨利叔叔喊Dorothy去地下室；第1段“the house was lifted into the air by the wind”可知，房子被风刮到空中；第2段“ Dorothy was quite afraid in this strange place.”可知，Dorothy发现自己在一个陌生的地方；第3段“Soon, Dorothy met a Scarecrow”可知，Dorothy遇见一个稻草人；第4段“Dorothy and the Scarecrow welcomed him to join their trip.”可知，胆小狮加入了他们。因此，事件发生的顺序为④②③①⑤，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Now, the three of them continued, facing unknown dangers and looking forward to meeting the Wizard.”可知，他们三人继续前进，面对未知的危险，期待与巫师见面。可以推断，旅程中会出现更多挑战。故选D。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·重庆市第一中学校·期末） On the cold night before going to the war, Mr. March moved quietly through the dark house. He wanted to say goodbye to each of his four daughters in a special way. First, he visited Meg’s tidy room. Seeing her schoolbooks, he left a silver coin-enough money for the blue dress she wanted at the store, with a paper on. He wrote, “To my future dressmaker.” Next, in Joyce’s messy room, he placed three new pencils on her desk. On each pencil, he wrote, “For my creative writer. “ In little Beth’s room, he gently put a small book under her pillow, its first page reading, “Your music makes angels smile.” Then he walked into Amy’s colorful bedroom without making any noise, putting a fine paintbrush into her art box. He wrote, “You are the most talented artist I have ever seen.” This kind of paintbrush was the gift she always wanted but she thought it was too expensive. Finally, he climbed to the second floor where all the girls were there together in a large bed. Moonlight showed tears on his face when he watched them. When Joyce saw this, she whispered, “Papa?” He hurried to wipe his eyes. “My dear girls,” he said, hugging all of them,” when you miss me, please remember that every good thing you do will make me feel warm and proud even though I’m far away from you.” The next morning, the girls found only footprints in the snow outside. But in each coat pocket was a piece of maple candy-just like when they were little, the father’s sweet treats made their troubles disappear. --Adapted from Little Women 1．Why did Mr. March leave different gifts for his daughters? A．To check out if they would notice the gifts. B．To help them with their schoolwork. C．To show his understanding and encouragement of each daughter’s dream. D．To give them something to have a memory. 2．Which “wipe” below has the same meaning as the “wipe” in Paragraph 4? A．The emperor wanted to wipe hunger in the country. B．The cat gave the toy a wipe with its paw. C．He offered to wipe the table after dinner. D．He threw away a wipe to refuse to clean the table. 3．What can we infer from the father’s tears? A．He feared to lose his life in the war. B．He felt proud of his daughters’ different talents. C．He was simply sad about leaving home. D．He loved his daughters and didn’t want to part with his family 4．How did the girls feel when they saw the maple candy in the last paragraph? A．Warm and loved. B．Worried and scared. C．Serious and angry. D．Excited and brave. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，改编自《小妇人》，讲述了March先生在参战前夜为四个女儿留下个性化礼物的感人故事，展现了他对女儿们的爱与鼓励。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二、三段对每位女儿礼物的描述：给Meg留银币和纸条“To my future dressmaker”（给我未来的裁缝）；给Joyce三支铅笔并写“For my creative writer”（给我有创造力的作家）；给Beth的书上写“Your music makes angels smile”（你的音乐让天使微笑）；给Amy的画笔写“You are the most talented artist”（你是我见过最有天赋的画家）。这些礼物均针对女儿们的兴趣和梦想，体现父亲的鼓励与理解。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。原文第四段“wipe his eyes”指“擦眼泪”，与选项C“He offered to wipe the table after dinner.”（他主动提出饭后帮忙擦桌子。）中的“wipe”（擦拭动作）含义一致。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Moonlight showed tears on his face…‘when you miss me, please remember…’”可知，父亲流泪是因不舍离别，结合他拥抱女儿并叮嘱的话语，体现对家人的深爱与依恋。故选D。 4．推理判断题。末段提到“the father’s sweet treats made their troubles disappear”，且糖果是她们儿时熟悉的安慰方式，由此可推断女孩们感到“温暖与被爱”。故选A。 主题02 人与自我——哲理感悟 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市铜梁区·期末） Wang Zhenbai was a hard-working poet (诗人) during China’s Tang Dynasty. As a young man, he believed studying could help him achieve his dreams. To further his studies, he moved to Bailudong Academy (白鹿洞书院) at the foot of Lushan Mountain. The academy was perfect for learning, with birds singing as students read aloud. Wang really enjoyed his daily life. Every day, he followed the same routine (常规): he would begin to read the book as soon as the sun rose in the morning, continue studying late into the night. He hardly noticed the weather changing outside. One spring afternoon, Wang was reading his book carefully. At this moment, a playful classmate passed by his window and walked into his room. He wanted to play with him and talked about something. Wang listened to his classmate carefully but quickly returned to his books. After the classmate left, Wang realized something important—while talking, study time had gone. Because of this experience, Wang wrote a famous poem: “Reading without noticing spring’s arrival, Every inch of time equals an inch of gold.” The poem’s second line “An inch of time is an inch of gold” became widely popular. It taught people that time is as valuable (贵重的) as treasure. Just like we protect gold, we should make good use of every minute. This saying remains important today. It reminds us that time never returns once lost. Whether studying, working, or helping others, we should value each moment. 1．Why did Wang Zhenbai move to Bailudong Academy? A．To enjoy the mountain. B．To make new friends. C．To continue his studies. D．To become a teacher. 2．What was Wang Zhenbai’s daily routine at the academy? A．Writing poems and climbing mountains. B．Reading books from sunrise to nighttime. C．Teaching younger students and planting trees. D．Practicing handwriting and fishing. 3．How do you understand “An inch of time is an inch of gold” in the passage? A．一寸光阴一寸金 B．一日之计在于晨 C．千金散尽还复来 D．黑发不知勤学早 4．Where is the text probably from? A．A music book. B．A news report. C．A science paper. D．A history book. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文讲述了唐代诗人王贞白在白鹿洞书院求学的故事，在此期间，他写下了“读书不觉已春深，一寸光阴一寸金”的名句，强调时间如黄金般宝贵，提醒人们要珍惜每一刻。 1．细节理解题。根据“To further his studies, he moved to Bailudong Academy at the foot of Lushan Mountain.”可知，王贞白搬到白鹿洞书院是为了继续深造。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Every day, he followed the same routine: he would begin to read the book as soon as the sun rose in the morning, continue studying late into the night.”可知，他每天从日出到深夜都在读书。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“It taught people that time is as valuable as treasure”可知，此处强调时间的珍贵。An inch of time is an inch of gold直译为“一寸时间是一寸黄金”，也强调时间的珍贵，与A项含义一致。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文本讲述了唐代诗人王贞白的求学经历及其诗句的由来，属于历史人物和文化典故相关内容，最可能出自历史书。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市丰都县·期末） A group of highly successful officials visited their former math teacher. Soon, they started to complain (抱怨) about the troubles and difficulties in their work and life. The teacher went to the kitchen and returned with some coffee and some cups. The cups are very different in colors and shapes. Some were cheap, others were expensive. He told them to help themselves to the coffee. They started to choose their favorite coffee and cups. A few minutes later, when everyone was holding a cup of coffee in their hands, the teacher said, “I’ve noticed that all of you took the pretty and expensive cups, and nobody chose the cheap ones. While it’s normal for you to choose the best for yourselves, that’s the cause of your problems. You know the cup itself doesn’t affect the coffee. What you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, but you still chose the best cups. Now, think about this. Life is the coffee. Jobs and money are the cups. They are tools (工具) to hold life, and the type of cups doesn’t change your life. Sometimes, we only pay attention to the cup, so we fail to enjoy the coffee that life gives us. Life gives us the coffee, not the cups. Please enjoy your coffee!” The happiest people don’t have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything. Live simply. Love freely. Care deeply. And speak kindly. 1．What did the teacher bring from the kitchen? A．Tea and cookies. B．Coffee and different cups. C．Juice and expensive glasses. D．Water and plastic bottles. 2．According to the teacher, what does the “coffee” stand for in life? A．Jobs and money. B．Happiness and love. C．The real life. D．Problems and difficulties. 3．What can we know about the teacher? A．He teaches math very well. B．He likes coffee in cheap cups. C．He is wise and patient. D．He has the best of everything. 4．What can we learn from this story? A．Expensive things always make life better. B．People should enjoy the life, not just material things. C．Only successful people can use the expensive cups. D．Coffee tastes better in expensive cups. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲了一些成年人去拜访他们的大学老师，他们抱怨工作和生活中遇见的问题及压力，老师通过咖啡杯喝咖啡的关系说明了享受生活的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“The teacher went to the kitchen and returned with some coffee and some cups.”可知，老师从厨房带出的是一些咖啡和杯子。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Life is the coffee”可知，咖啡象征生活的本质。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章可知，老师通过咖啡杯的比喻，引导学生反思生活本质，巧妙化解抱怨，体现其智慧；面对学生抱怨时耐心引导，体现耐心。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章通过咖啡和咖啡杯的关系让我们明白，人们应关注生活本质，而非物质工具。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市云阳县·期末） One morning, an old man came into a poor village. All he had was a soup pot and a spoon. The villagers only had a little food, and not enough to share. The old man was so hungry that he came up with a plan. He made a fire in the middle of the town. Then he filled his pot with water and set the pot on the fire. Last, he put a nice, round stone into the pot. “This stone soup looks good,” he said loudly. “Soon it will be ready to eat.” Curiously, people came out. He told them that he was making stone soup and would give them some. “How do you make stone soup?” asked a girl. “It’s easy,” said the old man. “All you need is stone. ▲ ” A woman said she had a few beans, so she went off, got the beans and put them into the pot. “Thank you. This stone soup looks good. But it would be much better with a bit of meat,” says the old man. A young man said he had a bit of meat. He quickly went back home, then put it into the pot. Soon, another woman offered some carrots, and a boy brought a potato... “Mmm,” said the old man. “The soup is ready. Get your bowls now.” “Thank you,” people said together. “Now we know how to make stone soup. We will never be hungry again.” The old man just smiled and went on his way, leaving them with a valuable (有价值的) lesson. 1．Why didn’t the people want to share food with the old man? A．Because they didn’t like strangers. B．Because they didn’t have enough food. C．Because the old man was unfriendly. D．Because they saved food for their parents. 2．What was the old man’s plan? A．To sell his soup pot and spoon for food. B．To encourage the villagers to share their food. C．To build a fire and cook his own food secretly. D．To ask the villagers for money instead of food. 3．Which of the following is the best for ▲ ? A．And you don’t need any other things. B．Because it won’t be delicious without it. C．Then you need to wait for 2 hours. D．But it would be so better with some beans. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Stone Soup. B．A Poor Village. C．Friendly Villagers. D．A Lazy Old Man. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文讲述了一位老人通过“石头汤”的智慧，引导贫困村民学会分享与合作的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“The villagers only had a little food, and not enough to share.”可知，村民之所以不愿分享食物，是因为他们自己的食物也不充足。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“He made a fire in the middle of the town...A young man said he had a bit of meat. He quickly went back home, then put it into the pot. Soon, another woman offered some carrots, and a boy brought a potato...Now we know how to make stone soup. We will never be hungry again.”可知，老人通过“石头汤”吸引村民们主动“贡献”食材，即老人的计划其实是鼓励村民们分享食物。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据下文“A woman said she had a few beans, so she went off, got the beans and put them into the pot.”可知，空处应是提到了“豆子”，选项D“但要是加点豆子就更好了”符合语境。故选D。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕“石头汤”展开，老人以此为核心传递分享的价值观。因此，最佳标题应是“石头汤”，故选A。 主题03 人与社会——寓言童话 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市铜梁区·期末） Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (爱丽丝梦游仙境) is a famous British story about a girl named Alice. One day, while sitting by a river with her sister, Alice sees a white rabbit (兔子) wearing a blue coat and carrying a watch. The rabbit runs into a hole, and Alice follows it. She falls down, down, down into a deep, dark hole and lands in a strange world called Wonderland. In Wonderland, everything is crazy! Alice grows very small, then very tall, and meets many strange characters. First, there’s the Mad Hatter, a man with a crazy hat who loves tea parties. Then she meets talking animals like a smiling cat, a nervous rabbit, and even a baby that turns into a pig! Later, Alice meets two queens (女王): the Red Queen is unkind and always shouts, “Cut off their heads!” The White Queen is friendly but acts in strange ways. The Red Queen orders her men to catch Alice and makes her solve silly riddles (谜语). Alice faces many funny and scary challenges. She gets into trouble in a house, plays a terrible game with the birds. Finally, she meets a giant caterpillar (巨型毛虫) and wakes up suddenly. She realizes her journey was all a dream! This story is full of crazy, creative ideas and silly surprises. It teaches readers to use their mind and stay brave when things get into trouble. Alice learns to solve problems, think creatively, and believe in herself—even in the craziest situations! 1．Why does Alice fall into the hole? A．She wants to find treasure. B．She follows a white rabbit. C．She was afraid of the river. D．She is hiding from a storm. 2．What happens to Alice in Wonderland? A．She loves tea parties. B．She turns into an animal. C．She loses her voice. D．She grows very small, then very tall. 3．What does the Red Queen often shout? A．“Let’s have tea!” B．“Cut off their heads!” C．“Follow me!” D．“Stop dreaming!” 4．What is the main idea of the story? A．To invite more people to join this journey. B．To warn readers about the dangers of animals. C．To explain how to solve silly riddles with creative thinking. D．To encourage staying brave and using mind to solve problems. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了英国著名故事《爱丽丝梦游仙境》的主要情节，包括爱丽丝掉进兔子洞进入仙境后的经历，以及故事所传达的道理。 1．细节理解题。根据“The rabbit runs into a hole, and Alice follows it. She falls down, down, down into a deep, dark hole and lands in a strange world called Wonderland.”可知，爱丽丝掉进洞里是因为她跟着一只白兔，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In Wonderland, everything is crazy! Alice grows very small, then very tall, and meets many strange characters.”可知，在仙境里，爱丽丝变得很小，然后又变得很高，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“the Red Queen is unkind and always shouts, ‘Cut off their heads!’”可知，红皇后经常喊“砍掉他们的头！”，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“It teaches readers to use their mind and stay brave when things get into trouble. Alice learns to solve problems, think creatively, and believe in herself-even in the craziest situations!”可知，这个故事的主旨是鼓励人们保持勇敢，运用智慧解决问题，故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆南岸区·期末） One cold winter morning, Mole woke up feeling a bit lonely and sad. His little home was warm and comfortable, but the long, cold days made him miss his friends. So, he decided to visit Ratty, who lived by the river. Mole walked through the snowy woods, his paws (爪) making small prints in the snow. After a while, he finally reached Ratty’s house. Ratty was busy cleaning his little boat, getting ready for spring. When he saw Mole, he smiled and said, “Come in, come in! I was just about to make some tea! I’ve got snacks too!” ▲ The two friends started talking about the fun adventures (冒险) they had in the past. Ratty told Mole stories about the river, the animals they had met, and all the exciting times they had together. Mole listened carefully, his heart warming with happiness. He felt so lucky to have such a good friend like Ratty. It was just the right kind of day for a good talk and a warm drink. Just then, Toad ran in, full of energy (能量). “I’ve got a great idea! Let’s go on an adventure!” he shouted. Ratty and Mole looked at each other and smiled. They knew that Toad’s ideas were always fun, but he didn’t always think them through. The three friends spent the rest of the day laughing, talking, and having fun together. Mole felt much happier, knowing that even in the cold winter, he had friends who cared about him. After all, it wasn’t so bad when you had good friends by your side, no matter the weather. 1．Where did Mole go after feeling lonely and sad? A．To another village. B．To Ratty’s house. C．To the big forest. D．To Toad’s house. 2．What was Ratty doing when Mole arrived at his house? A．Cleaning his boat. B．Drinking milk tea. C．Talking with Toad. D．Sleeping by the fire. 3．Which sentence can be probably put in the ▲ ? A．Mole felt much better as he stepped inside and sat by the fire. B．Mole felt unhappy that he started to cry loudly in the house. C．Ratty slowly started to dance in the middle of the big house. D．Ratty stood in front of the door, not letting him step in at all. 4．What is the right order of Mole’s story? ①reach Ratty’s house by the river;    ②spend the rest of the day with his friends; ③decide to visit his friend Ratty;    ④see Toad run in; ⑤talk with Ratty by the fire about their past adventures A．③④②①⑤ B．⑤④③①② C．④②③①⑤ D．③①⑤④② 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文讲述了鼹鼠拜访朋友的故事。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“he decided to visit Ratty, who lived by the river”可知，鼹鼠感到孤独后决定拜访住在河边的朋友老鼠，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Ratty was busy cleaning his little boat”可知，鼹鼠到达老鼠家时，老鼠正忙着清理小船，故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“The two friends started talking about the fun adventures (冒险) they had in the past.”并结合后文提到的“his heart warming with happiness”可知，设空处位于老鼠邀请鼹鼠进屋喝茶后，紧接着是两人开始谈论过去的冒险，选项A描述他进屋后感觉变好，符合故事发展。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“ So, he decided to visit Ratty, who lived by the river.”可知，鼹鼠感到孤独后决定拜访老鼠；根据“Mole walked through the snowy woods, his paws (爪) making small prints in the snow. After a while, he finally reached Ratty’s house.”可知，他穿过雪地到达老鼠家。根据“The two friends started talking about the fun adventures (冒险) they had in the past.”可知，与老鼠谈论过去的冒险；根据“Just then, Toad ran in, full of energy (能量).”可知，蟾蜍突然冲进来；根据“The three friends spent the rest of the day laughing, talking, and having fun together. ”可知，他们三个一起度过剩下的时间，因此正确的顺序是③①⑤④②。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市渝中区·期末） After running away from the land of small people, my ship was caught in a terrible storm and hit a rocky shore (岸). When I woke up, I found myself in a country where everything was so huge! The grass was as tall as forest trees, and ants were the size of dogs. Suddenly, the earth began to tremble --- a farmer, as tall as a mountain, walked up to me! To my surprise, he picked me up gently with two fingers and put me in his pocket. The farmer carried me to his house. His children shouted with excitement, thinking I was a living toy. The youngest boy tried to grab (抓住) me, but I quickly cried, “Please, kind sir!” The family were surprised. “It speaks!” said the farmer’s wife. From that day, they called me “Grildrig” (meaning “little doll”). The farmer’s daughter, Glumdalclitch, a kind girl of nine, became my protector. She made small clothes for me and taught me their language. One day, the farmer said, “Grildrig should make money!” He built a wooden stage (舞台) and took me to the market. People paid money to watch me perform. The farmer asked me to work so hard that I had almost no rest. Before long, the queen (女王) herself sent for me. At the palace (王宫), I ate from golden plates and slept on silk cushions (垫子). But I felt that danger was somewhere: a monkey once carried me to the rooftop (屋顶), and teacups almost drowned (淹死) me. I missed home but saw no way to run away. (Selected from Gulliver’s Travels) 1．What did Gulliver think of the country when he arrived there? A．It was very small and quiet. B．Everything was very large. C．The people were very friendly. D．The weather was terrible. 2．The word “tremble” in Paragraph 1 means “________”. A．run B．open C．stop D．shake 3．What is the right order of the events according to the passage? ①The queen invited Gulliver to the palace.   ②The farmer took Gulliver home.   ③Gulliver performed at the market to make money. ④Glumdalclitch cared for Gulliver. A．②④③① B．②①④③ C．③②④① D．④③①② 4．What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A．Gulliver wanted to become famous. B．Glumdalclitch was a very kind girl. C．Gulliver enjoyed his rich life in the palace. D．The farmer was interested in making money. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文节选自《格列佛游记》，讲述了格列佛逃离小人国后，船只遭遇风暴并搁浅，醒来后发现自己身处一个万物都极其巨大的国家。他被一个巨人农夫拾起带回家，农夫的孩子们将他当作活玩具，农夫的女儿Glumdalclitch保护并照顾他。之后农夫让他在市场表演赚钱，最终他被女王召入王宫，但他仍感到危险并思念家乡。 1．细节理解题。根据“When I woke up, I found myself in a country where everything was so huge! The grass was as tall as forest trees, and ants were the size of dogs.”可知，格列佛到达这个国家时，发现所有东西都非常大。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据后文“a farmer, as tall as a mountain, walked up to me”可知，巨人农夫走来时，大地应该会“摇晃”，因此“tremble”意为“shake（摇晃）”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“‘The farmer carried me to his house.”’, ‘She made small clothes for me and taught me their language.’, ‘He built a wooden stage and took me to the market.’, ‘Before long, the queen herself sent for me.’”可知，“农夫带格列佛回家”是首先发生的（②），“Glumdalclitch 照顾格列佛”紧随其后（④）；“格列佛在市场表演赚钱”是农夫之后的行为（③）；“女王邀请格列佛入宫”是最后发生的（①）。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“One day, the farmer said, ‘Grildrig should make money!’ He built a wooden stage (舞台) and took me to the market.”可推测出，农夫对赚钱感兴趣。故选D。 主题01 人与社会——叙事忆旧 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市石柱县·期末） In a small town, there was a very famous old carpenter (木匠) called Jacob. He could make many things, from a simple chair to a beautiful house. One day, a young man came to visit Jacob and learned to be a good carpenter. He loved working with wood, but he was impatient. He always did things in a hurry. After a few days of learning from Jacob, the young man thought, “I can learn to make a house now. ” After Jacob knew that, he said, “I can teach you to make a house, but first, you need to do an easy job.” He then gave the young man a piece of wood and said, “Polish (打磨) it.” The young man thought it was easy. He polished the wood a few times and soon gave it back. Jacob shook his head and said, “It is not smooth. Try again. ” The young man polished for another 10 minutes, and ran to give it to the old carpenter. Without seeing, Jacob shook his head again. Feeling sad, the young man started to polish every part of the wood carefully, then gave it to Jacob again. The old carpenter smiled and said, “The easier the job is, the more patience we need. That’s the secret you need to know. ” 1．What does the underlined sentence “he was impatient” mean? A．The young man did things perfectly. B．The young man did things secretly. C．The young man didn’t do things carefully. D．The young man didn’t do things quickly. 2．How many times did the young man give the wood back to Jacob? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Three times. D．Four times. 3．How did Jacob feel at the end of the story? A．He was thankful. B．He was happy. C．He was angry. D．He was worried. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．An Old Carpenter B．A Hard-working Young Man C．The Ways to Make a Beautiful House D．The Secret to Be a Good Carpenter 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了一名年轻人向Jacob学习如何成为一名好木匠的故事，让他明白了工作越简单，需要的耐心就越多的道理。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“He always did things in a hurry.”可知他总是很慌乱地做事情，选项C“这个年轻人做事不谨慎”与之相符，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“soon gave it back”，第六段“ran to give it to the old carpenter.”，第七段“then gave it to Jacob again.”可知这个年轻人一共把木头还给Jacob3次。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The old carpenter smiled and said,”可知Jacob最终笑了，由此推测他是开心的。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文，主要讲了一个年轻人向Jacob请教并学习如何成为一名好木匠的故事。故选D。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市大渡口区·期末） I was at the shop last night and saw a homeless woman with a trolley (手推车) full of her things. She was sitting inside the shop to keep warm. I went up to her and tried to give her money for something to eat, but she refused. She explained that if she had too much money on her, other homeless people might steal it while she was sleeping. I explained that I just wanted to help her and asked if I could buy her something warm. Again, she said no. She thanked me and said how thankful she was that I could offer help. We introduced ourselves, and she said that when I saw her next time, she would accept help. ______ The lady taught me an important lesson: Not all homeless people accept money or help if they believe they’ve received enough that day. I look forward to meeting her again. Walking out into the cold night, I met a homeless man who was freezing. I gave the money to him. I was glad that he accepted my help. I left with a special feeling. I always try to understand what it’s like to be in a homeless person’s shoes or to imagine if they were my children facing such difficulties. I learned how lucky I am and how thankful I should be for what I have. 1．Why didn’t the homeless woman receive the writer’s help? A．Because she had a warm place to stay. B．Because she has too many things herself. C．Because she wanted to help other homeless people. D．Because she thought she received enough that day. 2．Why did the writer want to meet the woman again? A．Because the writer had to help the woman. B．Because the writer was moved by the woman. C．Because the writer became the woman’s friend. D．Because the woman wanted the writer to do so. 3．Which sentence can be put in the ______? A．What an amazing woman! B．What a clever woman! C．What a bad woman! D．What a silly woman! 4．What kind of person is the writer? A．Smart and lucky. B．Helpful and hard-working. C．Kind and helpful. D．Kind and smart. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了在寒冷的冬夜，作者向两个流浪者提供帮助得到了不同的结果，感叹到并不是所有流浪者都愿意接受别人的帮助，同时也告诫自己知足常乐。 1．细节理解题。根据“The lady taught me an important lesson: Not all homeless people accept money or help if they believe they’ve received enough that day”可知，这个无家可归的女人认为那天她收到的钱或帮助已经够了，所以她拒绝了作者的帮助。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“she said that when I saw her next time, she would accept help”和“Not all homeless people accept money or help if they believe they’ve received enough that day”可知，作者之所以期待着与那位女士再次见面，是因为无家可归的女士承诺下次见面时，一定接受作者对她的帮助；据此可推断，作者被这个女人感动了，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“I explained that I just wanted to help her and asked if I could buy her something warm. Again, she said no. She thanked me and said how thankful she was that I could offer help”可知，作者想要帮助无家可归的女士，但她拒绝了作者的帮助，并承诺下次再见时，一定接受作者的帮助；据此可知，那位无家可归的女士很了不起；选项A“真是个了不起的女人”符合语境。故选A。 4． 推理判断题。根据“I went up to her and tried to give her money for something to eat”和“Walking out into the cold night, I met a homeless man who was freezing. I gave the money to him”可知作者试图帮助无家可归的人，这表明他是一个善良且乐于助人的人。故选C。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市巴南区·期末） My name is John. Last year, I was always tired at school. For breakfast, I usually ate chocolate cookies and drank sweet juice. My lunchbox contained (包含) fried potatoes, cola, and chocolate cakes. One afternoon, I fell asleep during a math class for the third time. My teacher Ms. Clark gently said, “Maybe you should visit Nurse Amy.” After knowing about my eating habits, Nurse Amy told me, “Your body needs different nutrients.” she said. “Protein (蛋白质) from meat and eggs, vitamins (维他命) from colorful vegetables like carrots and tomatoes, and energy from whole grains (全麦) like brown bread, are all necessary for us.” She drew a glass of water on my notebook: “Try drinking water instead of cola!” That evening, Mom and I made dinner together—fish with green beans and white rice. We even made fruit salad with apples and bananas! Now I have milk, eggs and brown bread for breakfast. I also take healthy snacks like strawberry yogurt (酸奶) to school. My new favorite lunch is chicken with vegetables. Two months later, I didn’t fall asleep in class any more. Last week, I even won second place in our school sports day! Eating better helps me think faster and play longer. 1．What did John usually have for breakfast last year? A．Sandwiches and milk. B．Cookies and sweet juice. C．Chicken and rice. D．Yogurt and fruits. 2．Who advised John to talk to the school nurse? A．The student’s mother. B．The school nurse. C．Ms. Clark. D．A friend. 3．What does “nutrients” mean in Paragraph 2? A．食物味道 B．烹饪方法 C．饮食习惯 D．营养物质 4．What’s the right order of the following events? a. He won a running race. b. Nurse Amy gave John some suggestions. c. John and his mom made dinner together. d. John fell asleep in a math class. A．d→b→c→a B．b→d→c→a C．d→c→b→a D．a→d→b→c 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是记叙文，John因饮食改变，从疲惫嗜睡到状态变好、运动获奖。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For breakfast, I usually ate chocolate cookies and drank sweet juice.”可知，John去年早餐通常吃饼干和甜果汁。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“My teacher Ms. Clark gently said, ‘Maybe you should visit Nurse Amy.’”可知，是Ms. Clark建议的。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段下文“Protein (蛋白质) from meat and eggs, vitamins (维他命) from colorful vegetables like carrots and tomatoes, and energy from whole grains (全麦) like brown bread, are all necessary for us.”可知，这些蛋白质、维他命等都属于营养物质，所以“nutrients”意思是“营养物质”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。首先，文中第一段“One afternoon, I fell asleep during a math class for the third time.”对应事件d（John在数学课上睡觉）；接着，第一段末尾老师建议后，第二段“After knowing about my eating habits, Nurse Amy told me... ”对应事件b（护士Amy给John提建议）；然后，第三段“That evening, Mom and I made dinner together... ”对应事件c（John和妈妈一起做晚餐）；最后，第四段“Last week, I even won second place in our school sports day! ”对应事件a（他在学校运动会获奖）。 所以，正确顺序是d→b→c→a。故选A。 主题02 人与社会——寓言童话 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市长寿区·期末） There was once a poor man who lived in a village. Every day, he walked around the village and wanted villagers to give him some work. When he was lucky, he could get enough money to buy one small meal. One day, the man saw a fat goose run by, so he caught it. “What a hearty meal you will make!” said the man, “Tonight my stomach will be full.” “Do not eat me!” cried the goose, “I am a very special goose. If you feed me and take care of me, I will lay golden eggs for you.” “Can this be true?” the man wondered, “Since this goose can talk, perhaps it can lay golden eggs, too. I will give it a chance.” So the man took the goose home and fed it the last food in his kitchen, even though he had to go to bed hungry that night. As soon as he woke up the next morning, the man rushed over to the goose. Under the goose he found a large, shiny egg made of gold. He took the egg to the market and sold it for lots of money. When he came home, his arms were full of food, and there was good food for the goose. Each day, the goose laid another golden egg and the man sold it. Soon, the man was very rich, but he wanted to become even richer. “Why should I spend so much money on food for the goose?” he asked himself. He decided to cut the goose open and get all the golden eggs at once. The man cut the goose open and found no golden eggs. “What have I done?” he cried. 1．What does the underlined word “hearty” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Big. B．Hot. C．Cold. D．Small. 2．Why did the man take the goose home? A．Because he decided to sell it for money. B．Because the goose might make him rich. C．Because he wanted to cook it for dinner. D．Because the goose asked him for food. 3．What is the correct order according to (根据) the passage? a. The man bought some good food for the goose. b. The man fed the goose with the last food he had. c. The man cut the goose open and found nothing. d. The man found a golden egg under the goose. A．c-a-d-b B．b-d-a-c C．a-b-d-c D．c-a-b-d 4．What is the story trying to tell us? A．We should give the food we have to those in need. B．We may lose what we have if we always want more. C．It’s quite difficult for us to find a job in the village. D．It’s important for us to take good care of animals. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了一个穷人遇到会下金蛋的鹅，因贪婪将其剖开最终一无所获的故事。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“What a hearty meal you will make!”及“Tonight my stomach will be full.”可知，穷人认为这只鹅能让他饱餐一顿，hearty应表示“丰盛的、大的”，与A选项“大的”意思相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘Since this goose can talk, perhaps it can lay golden eggs, too. I will give it a chance.’”可知，男人带鹅回家是因为觉得它可能下金蛋，能让自己变富有。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据故事发展：男人先用最后一点食物喂鹅b→第二天发现金蛋d→卖蛋后买食物给鹅a→因贪婪剖开鹅却一无所获c。正确顺序为b-d-a-c。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。男人因贪婪想一次性获得所有金蛋，最终失去了会下金蛋的鹅，故事旨在告诉我们“若贪得无厌，可能失去已拥有的东西”，与B选项表述一致。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市九龙坡区·期末） The monkey tribe (部落) shouted excitedly as they pulled Mowgli through the trees. “We’re smart! We’re great!” They shouted at Baloo, the bear, and Bagheera, the panther (黑豹). “This human boy will make us kings!” Baloo felt worried. “They’re taking him to the Cold Caves—those old stone houses. We need help from someone stronger.” Kaa, the huge snake, rested under a warm rock. Bagheera walked closer carefully. “The monkeys say you’re a weak old snake,” he said. Kaa lifted his head slowly. His tongue (舌头) moved like lightning. “Really? Maybe those monkeys need a lesson…” Moonlight shone on the broken stone city when the rescuer (救援者) came. Monkeys jumped around Mowgli, talking about their “great home”. Suddenly, Kaa’s long body moved up the walls like water. When his big head appeared above the ground, everything became quiet. “Don’t breathe!” Mowgli remembered Kaa’s words. The snake started his swaying dance, moving his body in circles. Slowly, the monkeys’ eyes closed, their arms and legs becoming weak. Mowgli ran to Baloo as monkeys fell from the trees. “Never follow the monkey tribe,” Baloo said angrily but gently. “They talk too much and remember nothing. Without a leader, they’re nothing.” Bagheera added, “Remember your real friends—those who help quietly, not make useless noise.” Kaa smiled widely. “But maybe just one monkey…” “No!” Mowgli shouted. “The Jungle Law says no eating monkeys!” Kaa shook his head as sunlight colored the forest gold. —The Jungle Book 1．Why did Bagheera tell Kaa that the monkeys called him “a weak old snake”? A．Because Kaa was really too old and too slow. B．Because he wanted Kaa to get angry and help them. C．Because Kaa had lost a fight with the monkeys before. D．Because Bagheera believed Kaa wasn’t strong anymore. 2．Which “swaving” has the same meaning and usage as the “swaying” in Paragraph 3? A．She found herself swaying between joy and sadness at the result. B．Those apple trees were swaying wildly in the heavy rainstorm. C．The red flower began its gentle swaying move in the soft wind. D．Her words are swaying our opinions, making us see things differently. 3．What is the right order of the events in the passage? ① Kaa danced to make the monkeys sleep. ② Baloo warned Mowgli about the monkey tribe. ③ The monkeys took Mowgli to the Cold Caves. ④ Bagheera talked to Kaa under the rock. A．③-④-①-② B．③-②-④-① C．④-③-①-② D．②-③-④-① 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Monkeys are dangerous but funny animals. B．Children should always listen to their adults. C．Snakes are the strongest animals in the jungle. D．True friends help quietly without talking too much. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了猴子部落抓走了Mowgli，而Baloo和Bagheera试图营救他。他们寻求了巨大的蛇Kaa的帮忙，Kaa通过他的舞蹈让猴子们入睡，从而成功救出了Mowgli，这告诉我们：真正的朋友是那些默默地提供帮助的人，而不是那些只会说空话的人。 1．推理判断题。根据“We need help from someone stronger”以及“Maybe those monkeys need a lesson”可知，他们需要更强壮的人的帮助，所以Bagheera告诉Kaa猴子们称他为“虚弱的老蛇”，是因为Bagheera想让Kaa生气并帮助他们。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“The snake started his swaying dance, moving his body in circles.”可知，蛇开始摇摆着身体，绕着圈子转，故此处划线部分意为“摇摆”，此处swaying作定语，修饰名词dance，和选项C“红花在柔和的风中开始轻轻摇曳”中的swaying意义和用法相近。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“They’re taking him to the Cold Caves”可知，猴子们把Mowgli带到了寒冷的洞穴；根据“Kaa, the huge snake, rested under a warm rock. Bagheera walked closer carefully...”可知，Bagheera在岩石下与Kaa交谈；根据“The snake started his swaying dance, moving his body in circles. Slowly, the monkeys’ eyes closed, their arms and legs becoming weak”可知，Kaa跳舞让猴子们睡着；根据“Never follow the monkey tribe”可知，Baloo警告毛克利关于猴子部落的事。故正确顺序是③-④-①-②。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“Remember your real friends—those who help quietly, not make useless noise”以及文章内容可知，我们可以学到真正的朋友是那些默默帮助你的人，而不是那些只会说空话的人。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25八年级下·重庆市万州区·期末） Long ago, an official (官员) named Pang Gong from the State of Wei (魏国) was going to the State of Zhao. Before leaving, Pang felt there was still something to tell the King of Wei. He came to the king and said, “Dear King, if someone says a tiger appeared in the market (市场), would you believe it?” The king said, “You must be joking. How could I believe such a thing? We haven’t seen a tiger there for many years.” Pang said, “If two people say there’s a tiger, would you believe it?” The king said no. Pang kept on, “What if three people all come and say there’s a tiger?” The king said, “Then I would believe it.” Pang said, “Dear King, you know that there can’t be a tiger in the market. Just because three people say so, you would believe it. Now I’ll be away for three years. If some people tell bad stories about me, can you find the truth then?” After that, Pang left the State of Wei. As soon as he left, many other officials told the king that Pang Gong was a bad official. Three years later, when Pang came back, the king didn’t want to see him because he had believed the other officials. 1．What can we learn from the talk between Pang Gong and the king? A．The king might believe others easily. B．The king loved Pang Gong’s story. C．Pang Gong believed in the king. D．Pang Gong wouldn’t come back. 2．What did Pang Gong ask the king to do if people told bad stories about him? A．To drive them away. B．To believe them. C．To find the truth. D．To kill them. 3．What happened when Pang Gong came back? A．The king welcomed him warmly. B．The other officials laughed at him. C．Pang Gong couldn’t see the king. D．Pang Gong couldn’t be an official. 4．What’s the passage talking about? A．平步青云 B．三人成虎 C．信口雌黄 D．毛将焉附 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文讲述了一个关于三人成虎的故事，阐述了流言蜚语对人的影响，以及警示人们不要轻信他人之言。 1．推理判断题。根据“‘What if three people all come and say there’s a tiger?’ The king said, ‘Then I would believe it.’”可知，国王在听到三个人都说市场上有虎后，选择相信，可见他容易轻信他人。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Now I’ll be away for three years. If some people tell bad stories about me, can you find the truth then?”可知，庞恭是希望国王去查明真相，不要轻易相信对他不利的传言。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Three years later, when Pang came back, the king didn’t want to see him because he had believed the other officials.”可知，等庞恭回来时，国王因相信那些官员的话而不愿见他。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。本文讲述了一个关于三人成虎的故事，阐述了流言蜚语对人的影响，以及警示人们不要轻信他人之言。故选B。 Passage 4 （24-25八年级下·重庆市永川区·期末） One cold evening, a small pig named Wilbur came to a new farm. He felt very lonely because there were no other pigs to play with. The other animals on the farm—the cows, chickens, and sheep were all busy with their own things. Nobody seemed to notice the sad little pig. Then a kind voice said, “Hello there!” Wilbur looked up and saw a clever spider named Charlotte hanging from her web. “You look lonely,” Charlotte said. “Would you like to be my friends?” “Oh yes!” Wilbur answered happily. “I’ve never had a real friend before.” From that day on, Wilbur and Charlotte became best friends. They talked every day and shared many happy times together. One morning, Wilbur heard some bad news. The farmer wanted to sell him! Wilbur was very scared. “Don’t worry,” Charlotte said. “I’ll help you.” She worked hard spinning her web. Soon, words like “GREAT” and “SPECIAL” appeared in the web. When the farmer saw these words, he was amazed. “Look!” he cried. “This pig must be amazing!” He decided to keep Wilbur on the farm. “Thank you, Charlotte!” Wilbur said. “You saved me!” Charlotte smiled. “That’s what friends do,” she replied. 1．Why was Wilbur unhappy at first? A．Because the farm was too big. B．Because he had no friends. C．Because the weather was cold. D．Because he didn’t like spiders. 2．How did Charlotte help Wilbur? A．She gave him food. B．She found other pigs. C．She talked to the farmer. D．She wrote words in her web. 3．What does the underlined word “spinning” in paragraph 6 mean? A．Cleaning. B．Making. C．Drawing. D．Singing. 4．What can we learn from the story? A．Words can be helpless. B．Spiders are small animals. C．Farmers change their minds. D．Good friends help each other in need. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只孤独的小猪Wilbur在农场结识蜘蛛Charlotte并成为好朋友的故事，最终Charlotte通过智慧帮助Wilbur摆脱被卖掉的危机。 1．细节理解题。根据文章“He felt very lonely because there were no other pigs to play with.”可知，Wilbur最初不开心是因为没有朋友和他一起玩。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“‘I’ll help you.’ She worked hard spinning her web. Soon, words like ‘GREAT’ and ‘SPECIAL’ appeared in the web.”可知，Charlotte通过在蜘蛛网上织字帮助Wilbur。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章“She worked hard spinning her web. Soon, words like ‘GREAT’ and ‘SPECIAL’ appeared in the web.”可知，有字出现在网上，说明是Charlotte把字织到了网上，“spinning”应是“编织/制作”蜘蛛网的意思。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章“You saved me!”和“That’s what friends do,”可知，Charlotte拯救了Wilbur，并说那是朋友该做的事情，由此可知好朋友会在需要时互相帮助。故选D。 主题03 人与社会——著名人物 Passage 1 （24-25八年级下·重庆市丰都县·期末） Liang Wenfeng is a clever young man in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). He was born in a small town. When he was 17, Liang got the highest score in his school. Then he was able to enter Zhejiang University to study. He became really interested in business. This early interest helped him a lot for his future success. In 2015, Liang and his friends started an AI company (公司). Liang’s new ideas and good skills made the company grow fast. By 2021, the company had more than 100 billion yuan. This made Liang more confident and ready for a bigger one. In 2023, Liang started DeepSeek. His dream was to make AI that could help everyone, especially children in poor areas. DeepSeek’s Al models worked well and were cheap. In January 2025, DeepSeek’s app was downloaded (下载) the most in both China and the United States. It shows __________. Liang’s success is not just because he is smart and works hard. It’s also because he is brave enough to try new things. He thinks China can be a leader in technology (科技) and help the world. Finally, he did it. He showed the world how strong China is. Liang Wenfeng is really a good example for all of us. 1．What made Liang’s company grow fast in 2015? A．His new ideas and good skills. B．His interest in business. C．His high score in school. D．His dream to help poor children. 2．Which sentence can be put in the ________? A．Liang was the smartest person in the world B．Liang became the richest person in the world C．DeepSeek’s app was more expensive than other apps D．DeepSeek’s app was very popular and successful 3．How does the writer feel according to this passage? A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Angry. D．Calm. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．The Spread of AI in China. B．The Success of DeepSeek. C．Liang Wenfeng: A Role Model in AI. D．The Future of AI in China. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了人工智能领域的杰出青年梁文锋的成功故事，包括他的早期经历、创业历程以及DeepSeek公司的成就。 1．细节理解题。根据“In 2015, Liang and his friends started an AI company (公司). Liang’s new ideas and good skills made the company grow fast.”可知，公司快速发展的原因是他的创新思维和专业技能。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“In January 2025, DeepSeek’s app was downloaded the most in both China and the United States.”可知，说明应用程序非常受欢迎。选项D“DeepSeek的应用程序非常受欢迎和成功。”符合语境。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Liang Wenfeng is really a good example for all of us.”可知，作者认为梁文锋是榜样，即作者为他而感到自豪。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕梁文锋的个人经历、创业成就及其在AI领域的贡献展开，强调他作为榜样的意义。选项C“梁文锋：人工智能领域的榜样”最适合作为标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25八年级下·重庆市西南大学附属中学校·期末） Take a pen and write the number 6174 on a piece of paper. It looks just like any other number, doesn’t it? But what if I told you that it was a magic number? Do you think this is a joke? Well, let’s see the magic with a quick experiment (实验). Start with any four-digit (数字) number—just make sure that at least two of the digits are different. You may use, for example, 2024. Now rearrange the digits to make the smallest possible number: 0224. Then, arrange the digits to make the largest number: 4220. Let’s subtract the smaller number from the larger number: 4220-0224= 3996. Go back to the second step and repeat the process: 9963-3699=6264▷6642-2466=4176▷7641-1467=6174 Ta-da! There you have it: 6174! You can repeat this experiment with another number. What do you end up with? Is it 6174? This number is known as Kaprekar’s constant. It is named after the Indian mathematician Dattatreya Ramchandra Kaprekar. He discovered (发现) the magic behind this number in 1949 after performing the above process. Kaprekar had always enjoyed playing with numbers. After finishing college, he spent his life working as a primary school math teacher. The man was known for his sharp mind. Many schools and colleges invited him to solve difficult math problems. But when Kaprekar presented the magic of 6174 at an international mathematics meeting, other mathematicians didn’t roll out the red carpet. They thought it was a useless discovery and made fun of him. Yet to this day, no scientist can fully tell why this magic works. Would you like to dive deeper? Try different numbers and see how many steps you need to get to 6174. Which number needs the most calculations? How about the least? 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By using sayings. B．By giving an example. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 2．To start the experiment, which of the following numbers should you choose? A．76. B．111. C．1914. D．6666. 3．What does the underlined phrase mean in the passage? A．Show little interest. B．Give a warm welcome. C．Have a good laugh. D．Disagree with his belief. 4．What’s the purpose of this passage? A．To introduce a magic number 6174 and the story behind its discovery. B．To show people that Kaprekar was a great mathematician. C．To teach people how to do math experiments with four-digit numbers. D．To invite readers to become math teachers like Kaprekar. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了印度数学家卡普雷卡发现的数字6174的魔力。 1．细节理解题。根据“It looks just like any other number, doesn’t it? But what if I told you that it was a magic number?”可知作者以提问题来开始这篇文章。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“Start with any four-digit (数字) number—just make sure that at least two of the digits are different.”可知要四位数，且只要确保至少有两个数字是不同的。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“They thought it was a useless discovery and made fun of him.”可知其他数学家认为这是一个无用的发现，并取笑他，故选B。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了印度数学家卡普雷卡发现的数字6174的魔力。所以文章的目的应是介绍一个神奇的数字6174及其发现背后的故事。故选A。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $