暑假作业04 时态、语态与主谓一致重难点通关（巩固培优）高二英语通用版

**基本信息** 以“定义-考点-方法”逻辑构建时态、语态与主谓一致专项体系，通过三步解题法、速记口诀实现高频考点突破，提升语言准确性与思维判断力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |动词时态|8大核心考点+对比辨析|秒杀标志词定位法、时态对比表|从时间状态本质到高考Top1考点（现完）及易错对比（一过vs现完）| |动词语态|4大核心+特殊考点|主被动判定口诀、主动表被动场景归纳|基于“be+done”公式延伸至无被动动词及感官使役动词被动规则| |主谓一致|4类口诀+陷阱总结|语法/意义/就近/就远一致速记口诀|从形式一致到意义一致，破解集体名词、of结构等高频陷阱|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业04 时态、语态与主谓一致重难点通关 一、核心定义 时态、语态、主谓一致是英语语法的三大核心基础，贯穿所有句式与题型，是英语表达准确性的关键。时态用来体现动作或状态发生的时间与状态；语态用来体现主语与动作之间的主动或被动关系；主谓一致要求句子的主语和谓语在人称、数上保持统一，三者共同保障英语句子语法规范、表意准确。 二、动词时态与语态（高考高频考点） （一）动词时态（八大核心必考） 1. 现在完成时（高考Top1） 核心用法：过去动作影响现在；动作持续至当下 秒杀标志词：so far、recently、in the past/last+时间段、since+过去时间 重难点：短暂性动词不可接for/since时间段 词形转换：buy→have、join→be in、leave→be away、die→be dead 2. 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时（高频易错辨析） 一般过去时：带具体过去时间（yesterday/ago/2020），动作已结束、无现在关联 现在完成时：无具体过去时间，侧重对现在的影响 3. 过去完成时（难点固定套路） 核心定义：过去的过去（必须存在两个过去动作） 时态规则：先发生动作had done，后发生动作did 秒杀标志：by the time+过去句、by+过去时间、before+过去动作 5. 进行时特殊考点 现在进行时+always：表抱怨、厌烦、赞赏（带感情色彩） 固定句型：was/were doing…when… 正在做……突然…… 6. 一般现在时表将来 主将从现：if/when/as soon as引导状语从句，从句现表将 特殊用法：时刻表、既定日程用一般现在时 7. 四种将来时辨析（培优拔高） will do：临时决定、单纯将来 be going to do：有计划、有迹象 be to do：正式安排、命令、注定 be about to do：即刻发生，不接时间状语 （二）动词语态（四大必考核心） 1. 被动语态基础 核心公式：be（随时态变化）+ done 解题口诀：先判主被动，再定时态 2. 无被动语态动词（致命易错） 发生类：happen、take place、break out、occur 感官系动词：look、sound、smell、taste、feel（接形容词表属性） 状态类：last、remain、stay、appear 3. 主动表被动（语法填空高频） 适用场景：描述物品本身属性、性能 必考动词：sell、wash、write、read、clean、lock、wear 例句：The book sells well. 4. 特殊被动考点 感官/使役动词：主动省to，被动补to（be seen/made to do） 无by固定搭配：be known to、be covered with、be filled with （三）通用解题体系 & 易错汇总 1. 三步秒杀解题步骤 第一步：判主被动关系 第二步：抓时间标志词定时态 第三步：排查特殊陷阱（无被动、短暂动词、主动表被动） 2. 高考高频易错对比 in the past ten years（现完）VS ten years ago（一过） have done（结果）VS have been doing（过程） take place（无被动）VS hold（有被动） 客观真理恒用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响 by now/so far（现完）VS by+过去时间（过完） 三、主谓一致 主谓一致速记口诀（高考全覆盖） 1、语法一致口诀（看形式） 不定代词单用单，三单永远不跑偏； each every either neith，全部单数记心间； 不定式、动名词、从句作主语，谓语单数不用挑； many a、more than one，形单义复仍用单。 2、意义一致口诀（看含义） 集体名词看状态，整体单数个体复； 时金钱距度量衡，复数形式单数统； the加形容词表一类，泛指人群用复数； 成套事物算一体，并列单人用复数。 3、就近一致口诀（谁近跟谁） or nor neither nor，either or就近走； not but、not only，谓语紧靠后者凑； there be、here be，最近主语定单复。 4、就远一致口诀（超级高频） 前主后插不干扰，谓语只把主句找； as well as、together with， along with、except、including， 插入成分全无视，就远原则最稳当。 4、 最常考、最易错主谓一致陷阱 （一）形式复数、实质单数一超级易错（必考） 1. 时间/金钱/距离/重量复数名词，谓语单数 years is a short time. 1000 yuan is enough. 易错：学生看见 s 就用复数谓语 2.many a /more than one + 单数名词 谓语单数（含义 “许多”，形式单数） Many a student has made the mistake. news / advice / information / progress 看似复数，实为不可数单数 3.单一并列整体名词 bread and butter /knife and fork /fish and chips 谓语单数 （二）集体名词一歧义易错（最高频） 1. class / team / family / gro3.up / public 表整体 → 单数； 表内部成员 → 复数 易错例句对比： The team wins the match.（整体队伍）； The team are arguing.（队员们） （三）就近一致 VS 就远一致（最大混淆点） 1. 就近一致（谁近听谁的） neither…nor / either…or / not only…but also / or / not…but ✅ Not only the students but also the teacher is coming. 2. 就远一致（谁前听谁的，超级易错） as well as / together with / along with / except / besides / rather than 插入语完全忽略，谓语看前面主语 ✅ The teacher, as well as students, is coming. 3. of 结构谓语看后面（极易看错主语） some/most/all/half/rest/percent of + 名词 谓语单复数完全由 of 后的名词决定 Some of the water is…（不可数→单） Some of the books are…（复数→复） 4.不定代词一律单数（基础易错） everybody/everyone/nobody/someone/anything/nothing 全部用单数谓语 5. 非谓语 / 从句作主语必单数 Reading books is useful. What he said was right. 6. the + adj 超级易错 the + old/poor/rich/wounded 表一类人 → 复数谓语 ✅ The old are well cared for. 1、 单项选择（10题） 1．Over the past few years, our school ________ great changes in teaching equipment and campus environment. A．witnesses B．witnessed C．has witnessed D．had witnessed 2．The new library ________ and will be open to students next month. A．is built B．has been built C．was built D．had been built 3．Neither my parents nor my brother ________ been to the new science museum so far. A．have B．has C．had D．having 4．When I entered the classroom, all my classmates ________ carefully to the teacher. A．listened B．are listening C．were listening D．have listened 5．Great changes ________ in our hometown in the past ten years. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 6．The team ________ discussing the competition plan when the coach came in. A．is B．are C．was D．were 7．This kind of cloth ________ well and ________ long. A．washes; lasts B．is washed; lasts C．washes; is lasted D．is washed; is lasted 8．By the time I got up, my mother ________ breakfast already. A．cooks B．cooked C．has cooked D．had cooked 9．Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the sports meeting next week. A．is expected B．are expected C．expects D．expect 10．If it ________ tomorrow, we will put off the outdoor activity. A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．rained 二、单句语法填空（10题） 1．So far, more than 100 trees ________ (plant) in our community. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The writer ________ (write) three novels since he graduated from college. 3．Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (be) satisfied with the test result now. 4．When I saw him, he ________ (solve) a difficult math problem carefully. 5．A number of new students ________ (come) to our school every September. 6．By last year, we ________ (learn) more than 2000 English words. 7．This book ________ (sell) well in the bookstore, so it is very popular among students. 8．All the work ________ (finish) successfully yesterday afternoon. 9．Time and tide ________ (wait) for no man. (谚语) 10．If you keep practicing, your English ________ (improve) greatly soon. 一、句型转换 1．People plant many trees in the city every year. (改为被动语态) →Many trees ________ ________ in the city every year. 2．He joined the army three years ago. (改为现在完成时) →He ________ ________ in the army for three years. 3．Not only his parents but also he likes reading. (改为同义句，保持主谓一致) →He as well as his parents ________ reading. 4．We finished our homework before we watched TV. (用过去完成时改写) →We ________ ________ our homework before we watched TV. 二、英汉互译 1．熟能生巧，坚持练习你就会取得进步。（一般将来时） 2．每年春天，公园里都会种上各种各样的鲜花。（被动语态） 3．时间过得真快，十年已经过去了。 三、选词填空 根据语境，用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。 get involved in; in summary; participate in; cost an arm and a leg; be keen to help; speak up; side with; generally speaking; as far as I know; feel at home 1．There is some truth in the theory concerning the present situation, so I it. 2． , students deal with problems in a simple way. 3．It means that crew members should listen and for a good result. 4．It is your hospitality and warm welcome that make us . 5．An informer supplied the police with the names of those who had the crime. 6． , Peking University ranks first in China. 7．Going abroad for further study will . 8． , make the decision to go after every dream, big or small, right now. 9．Mr. Smith is a kind professor and with your essay. 10．To complete the programme, students are required to pair meetings. 短文语法填空： 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Passage 01 China is riding the wave of an AI-powered transformation. AI is not only driving automation and increasing :1 (efficient) but also unlocking new possibilities. Picture this: The classroom blackboard 2 (replace) with a big screen and students click on tablets (平板电脑) to answer questions instead of writing with pencils. AI makes it a reality, offering new learning pathways for Chinese students and 3 (bridge) the urban-rural digital divide. At a middle school in Guiyang, Guizhou province, English teacher Zeng Xing found AI to be a game-changer during her 17-year career thanks to a smart classroom system developed by Chinese AI giant iFLYTEK. Zeng assigns exercises 4 her students through teaching tablets and the students 5 (instant) submit their answers back. Then, the big screen shows the detailed answers of each student. By analyzing results with AI, the system enables Zeng to deliver 6 (tailor) instructions that address the specific needs of each student. Moreover, the smart classroom system also enables students to improve their speaking skills through 7 (interaction) dialogues sourced from a vast database of English movies, news and poetry. “AI has created opportunities for basic education in remote areas like Guizhou,” says Huang Hui, head of Zeng’s middle school 8 complex terrain (地形 ) and challenging transportation systems limit educational resources. In addition to basic education, AI has 9 significant impact on higher education. Ever since Chinese AI assistant DeepSeek gained popularity, many colleges and universities 10 (announce) its integration into their campus server systems. Passage 02 Dazi, translated as “partner” in English, has become a social and cultural phenomenon among China’s younger generation. On a Saturday morning at a hiking trailhead (步道起点) in Beijing, some young people were greeting each other 1 (warm). Having never met each other before, they first connected by commenting on 2 hiking meetup post online. Then they joined a hiking group 3 organized hikes whenever some members were free. While many people depend 4 close friends for such plans, many young Chinese people have grown interested in this new type of connection based on a 5 (share) interest. According to Beijing Youth Daily, dazi 6 (mention) 12.99 million times on social media in 2024. Dong Chenyu, a professor at Renmin University, explored the deeper reasons behind the dazi phenomenon. He found that those looking for dazi are mostly young city people aged 20 to 30, including students 7 office workers. They typically live in highly mobile cities, where their social networks are limited yet their interests are diverse (多样的). Using hashtags (话题标签), they can quickly find dazi 8 (do) specific things together. Rather than being a downgrading (降级) of traditional friendships, the dazi culture adds 9 (flexible) to close relationships, 10 (show) how China’s younger generation takes a practical and creative approach to managing their relationships. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业04 时态、语态与主谓一致重难点通关 一、核心定义 时态、语态、主谓一致是英语语法的三大核心基础，贯穿所有句式与题型，是英语表达准确性的关键。时态用来体现动作或状态发生的时间与状态；语态用来体现主语与动作之间的主动或被动关系；主谓一致要求句子的主语和谓语在人称、数上保持统一，三者共同保障英语句子语法规范、表意准确。 二、动词时态与语态（高考高频考点） （一）动词时态（八大核心必考） 1. 现在完成时（高考Top1） 核心用法：过去动作影响现在；动作持续至当下 秒杀标志词：so far、recently、in the past/last+时间段、since+过去时间 重难点：短暂性动词不可接for/since时间段 词形转换：buy→have、join→be in、leave→be away、die→be dead 2. 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时（高频易错辨析） 一般过去时：带具体过去时间（yesterday/ago/2020），动作已结束、无现在关联 现在完成时：无具体过去时间，侧重对现在的影响 3. 过去完成时（难点固定套路） 核心定义：过去的过去（必须存在两个过去动作） 时态规则：先发生动作had done，后发生动作did 秒杀标志：by the time+过去句、by+过去时间、before+过去动作 5. 进行时特殊考点 现在进行时+always：表抱怨、厌烦、赞赏（带感情色彩） 固定句型：was/were doing…when… 正在做……突然…… 6. 一般现在时表将来 主将从现：if/when/as soon as引导状语从句，从句现表将 特殊用法：时刻表、既定日程用一般现在时 7. 四种将来时辨析（培优拔高） will do：临时决定、单纯将来 be going to do：有计划、有迹象 be to do：正式安排、命令、注定 be about to do：即刻发生，不接时间状语 （二）动词语态（四大必考核心） 1. 被动语态基础 核心公式：be（随时态变化）+ done 解题口诀：先判主被动，再定时态 2. 无被动语态动词（致命易错） 发生类：happen、take place、break out、occur 感官系动词：look、sound、smell、taste、feel（接形容词表属性） 状态类：last、remain、stay、appear 3. 主动表被动（语法填空高频） 适用场景：描述物品本身属性、性能 必考动词：sell、wash、write、read、clean、lock、wear 例句：The book sells well. 4. 特殊被动考点 感官/使役动词：主动省to，被动补to（be seen/made to do） 无by固定搭配：be known to、be covered with、be filled with （三）通用解题体系 & 易错汇总 1. 三步秒杀解题步骤 第一步：判主被动关系 第二步：抓时间标志词定时态 第三步：排查特殊陷阱（无被动、短暂动词、主动表被动） 2. 高考高频易错对比 in the past ten years（现完）VS ten years ago（一过） have done（结果）VS have been doing（过程） take place（无被动）VS hold（有被动） 客观真理恒用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响 by now/so far（现完）VS by+过去时间（过完） 三、主谓一致 主谓一致速记口诀（高考全覆盖） 1、语法一致口诀（看形式） 不定代词单用单，三单永远不跑偏； each every either neith，全部单数记心间； 不定式、动名词、从句作主语，谓语单数不用挑； many a、more than one，形单义复仍用单。 2、意义一致口诀（看含义） 集体名词看状态，整体单数个体复； 时金钱距度量衡，复数形式单数统； the加形容词表一类，泛指人群用复数； 成套事物算一体，并列单人用复数。 3、就近一致口诀（谁近跟谁） or nor neither nor，either or就近走； not but、not only，谓语紧靠后者凑； there be、here be，最近主语定单复。 4、就远一致口诀（超级高频） 前主后插不干扰，谓语只把主句找； as well as、together with， along with、except、including， 插入成分全无视，就远原则最稳当。 4、 最常考、最易错主谓一致陷阱 （一）形式复数、实质单数一超级易错（必考） 1. 时间/金钱/距离/重量复数名词，谓语单数 years is a short time. 1000 yuan is enough. 易错：学生看见 s 就用复数谓语 2.many a /more than one + 单数名词 谓语单数（含义 “许多”，形式单数） Many a student has made the mistake. news / advice / information / progress 看似复数，实为不可数单数 3.单一并列整体名词 bread and butter /knife and fork /fish and chips 谓语单数 （二）集体名词一歧义易错（最高频） 1. class / team / family / gro3.up / public 表整体 → 单数； 表内部成员 → 复数 易错例句对比： The team wins the match.（整体队伍）； The team are arguing.（队员们） （三）就近一致 VS 就远一致（最大混淆点） 1. 就近一致（谁近听谁的） neither…nor / either…or / not only…but also / or / not…but ✅ Not only the students but also the teacher is coming. 2. 就远一致（谁前听谁的，超级易错） as well as / together with / along with / except / besides / rather than 插入语完全忽略，谓语看前面主语 ✅ The teacher, as well as students, is coming. 3. of 结构谓语看后面（极易看错主语） some/most/all/half/rest/percent of + 名词 谓语单复数完全由 of 后的名词决定 Some of the water is…（不可数→单） Some of the books are…（复数→复） 4.不定代词一律单数（基础易错） everybody/everyone/nobody/someone/anything/nothing 全部用单数谓语 5. 非谓语 / 从句作主语必单数 Reading books is useful. What he said was right. 6. the + adj 超级易错 the + old/poor/rich/wounded 表一类人 → 复数谓语 ✅ The old are well cared for. 1、 单项选择（10题） 1．Over the past few years, our school ________ great changes in teaching equipment and campus environment. A．witnesses B．witnessed C．has witnessed D．had witnessed 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几年里，我们学校在教学设备和校园环境方面见证了巨大的变化。句中时间标志词“Over the past few years”（在过去几年里）是现在完成时的典型标志，强调过去发生的动作持续到现在并产生影响，结构为have/has+过去分词。主语our school为单数，故选C。 2．The new library ________ and will be open to students next month. A．is built B．has been built C．was built D．had been built 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：新图书馆已经建成，将于下月对学生开放。主语The new library与build为被动关系，且动作已完成，对现在产生的结果是“即将开放”，符合现在完成时被动语态用法（has been done）。故选B。 3．Neither my parents nor my brother ________ been to the new science museum so far. A．have B．has C．had D．having 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致+现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，我的父母和弟弟都没去过新的科学博物馆。neither...nor...连接并列主语，遵循就近一致原则，谓语动词由靠近的主语my brother（单数）决定；so far为现在完成时标志，故用has。故选B。 4．When I entered the classroom, all my classmates ________ carefully to the teacher. A．listened B．are listening C．were listening D．have listened 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：当我走进教室时，我的所有同学都在认真听老师讲课。when引导一般过去时时间状语从句，主句表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，用过去进行时（was/were doing），主语为复数，故选C。 5．Great changes ________ in our hometown in the past ten years. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态与被动语态特殊用法。句意：过去十年，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。take place（发生）为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，排除C、D；in the past ten years为现在完成时标志，故选B。 6．The team ________ discussing the competition plan when the coach came in. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】D 【解析】考查主谓一致+过去进行时。句意：教练进来的时候，全队队员正在讨论比赛方案。集体名词team此处强调队内全体成员，表复数概念，谓语动词用复数；从句为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，故选D。 7．This kind of cloth ________ well and ________ long. A．washes; lasts B．is washed; lasts C．washes; is lasted D．is washed; is lasted 【答案】A 【解析】考查主动表被动用法。句意：这种布料好洗、耐用。wash、last为特性类动词，描述事物本身属性时，用主动形式表被动含义，无需用被动语态；主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 8．By the time I got up, my mother ________ breakfast already. A．cooks B．cooked C．has cooked D．had cooked 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我起床的时候，妈妈已经做好了早饭。by the time+一般过去时从句，主句表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时（had done），做饭的动作发生在起床之前，故选D。 9．Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the sports meeting next week. A．is expected B．are expected C．expects D．expect 【答案】A 【解析】考查主谓一致+被动语态。句意：我们班每个人都被要求参加下周的运动会。everyone作主语，谓语动词用单数；主语everyone与expect（要求）为被动关系，故用一般现在时被动语态is expected。故选A。 10．If it ________ tomorrow, we will put off the outdoor activity. A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．rained 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时表将来。句意：如果明天下雨，我们将推迟户外活动。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时表将来；主语it为单数，谓语用rains。故选B。 二、单句语法填空（10题） 1．So far, more than 100 trees ________ (plant) in our community. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been planted 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：迄今为止，我们社区已经种植了100多棵树。trees与plant为被动关系，so far为现在完成时标志，主语为复数，故填have been planted。 2．The writer ________ (write) three novels since he graduated from college. 【答案】has written 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：这位作家大学毕业后已经写了三部小说。since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，主语为单数，故填has written。 3．Neither the teacher nor the students ________ (be) satisfied with the test result now. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：现在老师和学生们都对考试结果不满意。neither...nor...就近一致，靠近谓语的主语the students为复数，时态为一般现在时，故填are。 4．When I saw him, he ________ (solve) a difficult math problem carefully. 【答案】was solving 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：我看见他的时候，他正在认真解一道数学难题。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作用过去进行时，主语为单数，故填was solving。 5．A number of new students ________ (come) to our school every September. 【答案】come 【解析】考查主谓一致+一般现在时。句意：每年九月都有许多新生来到我们学校。a number of（许多）修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数；every September表习惯性动作，用一般现在时，故填come。 6．By last year, we ________ (learn) more than 2000 English words. 【答案】had learned/learnt 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：到去年为止，我们已经学习了2000多个英语单词。by+过去时间，主句用过去完成时，表示过去的过去，故填had learned/learnt。 7．This book ________ (sell) well in the bookstore, so it is very popular among students. 【答案】sells 【解析】考查主动表被动+一般现在时。句意：这本书在书店很畅销，深受学生喜爱。sell表物品销售特性，主动表被动；主语为单数，一般现在时谓语用三单，故填sells。 8．All the work ________ (finish) successfully yesterday afternoon. 【答案】was finished 【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：昨天下午所有工作都顺利完成了。work与finish为被动关系，yesterday afternoon表过去时间，work为不可数名词，谓语用单数，故填was finished。 9．Time and tide ________ (wait) for no man. (谚语) 【答案】wait 【解析】考查主谓一致+一般现在时。句意：岁月不待人。time and tide为固定并列主语，视作复数，谚语用一般现在时，故填wait。 10．If you keep practicing, your English ________ (improve) greatly soon. 【答案】will improve 【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：如果你坚持练习，你的英语很快就会大幅提升。if条件状语从句主 一、句型转换 1．People plant many trees in the city every year. (改为被动语态) →Many trees ________ ________ in the city every year. 【答案】are planted 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态转换。原句为一般现在时主动语态， 主语many trees为复数，被动结构为are+过去分词planted。故填are planted。 2．He joined the army three years ago. (改为现在完成时) →He ________ ________ in the army for three years. 【答案】has been 【解析】考查时态转换。join为短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用， 需转换为延续性动词be in；主语为单数，现在完成时用has been。故填has been。 3．Not only his parents but also he likes reading. (改为同义句，保持主谓一致) →He as well as his parents ________ reading. 【答案】likes 【解析】考查主谓一致。as well as连接两个主语，谓语动词遵循就前原则， 由前面的he决定，谓语用单数，一般现在时用likes。故填likes。 4．We finished our homework before we watched TV. (用过去完成时改写) →We ________ ________ our homework before we watched TV. 【答案】had finished 【解析】考查过去完成时。“完成作业”发生在“看电视”之前，属于过去的过去，需用过去完成时had finished。故填had finished。 二、英汉互译 1．熟能生巧，坚持练习你就会取得进步。（一般将来时） 【答案】Practice makes perfect, and you will make progress if you keep practicing. 【解析】考查时态与状语从句。前半句为客观真理，用一般现在时；后半句表将来结果，用一般将来时；if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，keep practicing表示“坚持练习”，make progress表示“取得进步”。 2．每年春天，公园里都会种上各种各样的鲜花。（被动语态） 【答案】All kinds of flowers are planted in the park every spring. 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。every spring表经常性动作，用一般现在时；flowers与plant为被动关系，主语为复数，被动结构用are planted；all kinds of表示“各种各样的”。 3．时间过得真快，十年已经过去了。 【答案】Time flies, and ten years has passed already. 【解析】考查主谓一致与现在完成时。ten years表时间整体，视作单数主语，谓语动词用单数；already提示用现在完成时。 将从现，空处为主句谓语，表将来动作，故填will improve。 三、选词填空 根据语境，用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空。 get involved in; in summary; participate in; cost an arm and a leg; be keen to help; speak up; side with; generally speaking; as far as I know; feel at home 1．There is some truth in the theory concerning the present situation, so I it. 2． , students deal with problems in a simple way. 3．It means that crew members should listen and for a good result. 4．It is your hospitality and warm welcome that make us . 5．An informer supplied the police with the names of those who had the crime. 6． , Peking University ranks first in China. 7．Going abroad for further study will . 8． , make the decision to go after every dream, big or small, right now. 9．Mr. Smith is a kind professor and with your essay. 10．To complete the programme, students are required to pair meetings. 【答案】 1．side with 2．Generally speaking 3．speak up 4．feel at home 5．got involved in 6．As far as I know 7．cost an arm and a leg 8．In summary 9．is keen to help 10．participate in 【详解】 1．考查动词短语。句意：关于当前形势的这个理论有一定道理，所以我支持它。空处作句子谓语，结合前半句“There is some truth in the theory”可知，此处指“支持”该理论，动词短语side with“支持；站在……一边”符合题意。句子陈述客观情况，用一般现在时，主语I是第一人称，谓语用原形。 2．考查固定短语。句意：总的来说，学生们用简单的方式处理问题。空处位于句首，作状语，结合句意可知，此处是对学生处理问题的方式进行概括，固定短语generally speaking“总的来说；通常”符合题意，句首首字母大写。 3．考查动词短语。句意：这意味着机组人员应该倾听并为取得好结果而大胆发声。空处与listen并列作谓语，结合“listen”和“a good result”可知，此处指“大胆表达；发声”，动词短语speak up“大声说；大胆发声”符合题意，情态动词should后接动词原形。 4．考查动词短语。句意：正是你的热情好客和热烈欢迎让我们感到宾至如归。空处作宾语补足语，结合“hospitality and warm welcome”可知，此处指“感到自在、宾至如归”，动词短语feel at home“感到自在；宾至如归”符合题意，make sb. do sth.为固定搭配，因此feel用原形。 5．考查动词短语。句意：一名线人向警方提供了参与该犯罪活动人员的姓名。空处作定语从句的谓语，结合“the crime”可知，此处指“参与”犯罪，动词短语get involved in“参与；卷入”符合题意。定语从句中had后接过去分词，构成过去完成时，get的过去分词为got。 6．考查固定短语。句意：据我所知，北京大学在中国排名第一。空处位于句首，作状语，结合句意可知，此处是表达个人所知的情况，固定短语as far as I know“据我所知”符合题意，句首首字母大写。 7．考查动词短语。句意：出国深造会花费一大笔钱。空处作句子谓语，结合“Going abroad for further study”的语境可知，此处指花费很多钱，动词短语cost an arm and a leg“花费一大笔钱”符合题意。will后接动词原形。 8．考查固定短语。句意：总之，决定现在就去追求每一个梦想，无论大小。空处位于句首，作状语，结合句意可知，此处是对前文内容的总结，固定短语in summary“总之；概括来说”符合题意，句首首字母大写。 9．考查动词短语。句意：史密斯先生是一位和蔼的教授，并且很乐意帮助你修改论文。空处与is并列作谓语，结合“a kind professor”和“your essay”可知，此处指“乐意帮忙”，动词短语be keen to help“热衷于帮助；乐意帮忙”符合题意。主语Mr. Smith是第三人称单数，be动词用is。 10．考查动词短语。句意：为了完成这个项目，学生们被要求参加两人会议。空处作主语补足语，结合“pair meetings.”可知，此处指“参加”会议，动词短语participate in“参加；参与”符合题意，be required to do sth.为固定搭配，因此participate用原形。 短文语法填空： 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Passage 01 China is riding the wave of an AI-powered transformation. AI is not only driving automation and increasing :1 (efficient) but also unlocking new possibilities. Picture this: The classroom blackboard 2 (replace) with a big screen and students click on tablets (平板电脑) to answer questions instead of writing with pencils. AI makes it a reality, offering new learning pathways for Chinese students and 3 (bridge) the urban-rural digital divide. At a middle school in Guiyang, Guizhou province, English teacher Zeng Xing found AI to be a game-changer during her 17-year career thanks to a smart classroom system developed by Chinese AI giant iFLYTEK. Zeng assigns exercises 4 her students through teaching tablets and the students 5 (instant) submit their answers back. Then, the big screen shows the detailed answers of each student. By analyzing results with AI, the system enables Zeng to deliver 6 (tailor) instructions that address the specific needs of each student. Moreover, the smart classroom system also enables students to improve their speaking skills through 7 (interaction) dialogues sourced from a vast database of English movies, news and poetry. “AI has created opportunities for basic education in remote areas like Guizhou,” says Huang Hui, head of Zeng’s middle school 8 complex terrain (地形 ) and challenging transportation systems limit educational resources. In addition to basic education, AI has 9 significant impact on higher education. Ever since Chinese AI assistant DeepSeek gained popularity, many colleges and universities 10 (announce) its integration into their campus server systems. 【答案】 1．efficiency 2．is replaced 3．bridging 4．to 5．instantly 6．tailored 7．interactive 8．where 9．a 10．have announced 【导语】本文主要介绍人工智能正在推动中国的产业变革，重点阐述了AI在教育领域的应用——从智慧课堂改变教学模式、缩小城乡数字鸿沟，到助力高等教育发展，展现了AI对教育行业的深刻影响。 【详解】 1．考查名词。句意：人工智能不仅推动自动化、提高效率，还在解锁全新的可能性。此处作动词increasing的宾语，需用名词形式“efficiency效率”，是不可数名词。 2．考查动词时态和语态。句意：想象一下这样的场景：教室黑板被大屏幕取代，学生们点击平板电脑答题，而非用铅笔书写。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为The classroom blackboard，为单数，与replace之间是被动关系，且句子描述客观的应用场景，用一般现在时的被动语态is replaced。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能让这一切成为现实，为中国学生提供新的学习途径，并缩小城乡数字鸿沟。此处与offering并列，在句中作状语，逻辑主语AI与bridge是主动关系，用现在分词形式bridging。 4．考查固定介词搭配。句意：曾老师通过教学平板给学生布置练习题，学生们随即提交答案。此处意为“给某人分配/布置某物”，表达为assign sth. to sb.，故此处应用介词to。 5．考查副词。句意：同上。此处修饰动词submit，故应副词“instantly立刻、马上”在句中作状语。 6．考查形容词。句意：借助人工智能分析答题结果，该系统能让曾老师实施特定化的教学，满足每位学生的具体需求。此处修饰名词instructions，需用形容词形式“tailored特制的，特定的”作定语。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，智慧课堂系统还能让学生通过互动对话提升口语能力，这些对话素材来源于海量的英文电影、新闻和诗歌数据库。此处修饰名词dialogues，故应用形容词“interactive互动的”作定语。 8．考查定语从句关系词。句意：曾老师所在中学的校长黄辉表示：“人工智能为贵州这类偏远地区的基础教育创造了机遇”，这些地区复杂的地形和交通不便制约了教育资源的发展。此处引导定语从句，先行词为middle school，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导。 9．考查冠词用法。句意：除了基础教育，人工智能对高等教育也产生了重大影响。“have a significant impact on...”是固定短语，意为“对……产生重大影响”，significant发音以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a。 10．考查动词时态。句意：自从中国人工智能助手DeepSeek走红以来，许多高校已宣布将其整合到校园服务器系统中。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为many colleges and universities，为复数，与announce之间为主动关系，且根据时间状语Ever since可知，此处应用现在完成时have announced。 Passage 02 Dazi, translated as “partner” in English, has become a social and cultural phenomenon among China’s younger generation. On a Saturday morning at a hiking trailhead (步道起点) in Beijing, some young people were greeting each other 1 (warm). Having never met each other before, they first connected by commenting on 2 hiking meetup post online. Then they joined a hiking group 3 organized hikes whenever some members were free. While many people depend 4 close friends for such plans, many young Chinese people have grown interested in this new type of connection based on a 5 (share) interest. According to Beijing Youth Daily, dazi 6 (mention) 12.99 million times on social media in 2024. Dong Chenyu, a professor at Renmin University, explored the deeper reasons behind the dazi phenomenon. He found that those looking for dazi are mostly young city people aged 20 to 30, including students 7 office workers. They typically live in highly mobile cities, where their social networks are limited yet their interests are diverse (多样的). Using hashtags (话题标签), they can quickly find dazi 8 (do) specific things together. Rather than being a downgrading (降级) of traditional friendships, the dazi culture adds 9 (flexible) to close relationships, 10 (show) how China’s younger generation takes a practical and creative approach to managing their relationships. 【答案】 1．warmly 2．a 3．that/which 4．on/upon 5．shared 6．was mentioned 7．and 8．to do 9．flexibility 10．showing 【导语】主要说明了搭子已成中国年轻人社交新现象，人们因共同兴趣线上结伴线下活动，专家分析其成因，这种新型社交为人际关系增添了灵活度。 【详解】 1．考查副词。句意：在一个周六的上午，北京的一处徒步起点处，一些年轻人正热情地相互问候着。修饰动词greet用副词warmly。 2．考查冠词。句意：他们此前从未见过面，但却是通过在网上的一篇徒步活动帖子的评论而建立了联系的。此处post为泛指，且hiking是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。 3．考查定语从句。句意：然后他们加入了一个徒步旅行团体，该团体会在有成员有空的时候组织徒步活动。定语从句修饰先行词group，在从句作主语，指物，故用that或which。 4．考查介词。句意：虽然许多人会依靠亲密的朋友来制定这类计划，但许多年轻的中国人却对这种基于共同兴趣而建立的新型联系产生了浓厚的兴趣。短语depend on/upon表示“依靠”。 5．考查形容词。句意：虽然许多人会依靠亲密的朋友来制定这类计划，但许多年轻的中国人却对这种基于共同兴趣而建立的新型联系产生了浓厚的兴趣。修饰名词interest用形容词shared，作定语。 6．考查时态语态。句意：据《北京青年报》报道，2024年，“搭子”一词在社交媒体上的提及次数达到了1299万次。主语dazi与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in 2024可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。 7．考查连词。句意：他发现，那些寻求“搭子”服务的人大多是20至30岁的年轻城市居民，其中包括学生和上班族。此处students为office workers为并列关系，用连词and。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过使用话题标签，他们能够迅速找到搭子，并一起完成特定的任务。短语find sb. to do sth.表示“找某人一起做某事”。 9．考查名词。句意：“搭子文化”并非是对传统友谊的削弱，而是在亲密关系中增添了更多的灵活性，展现了中国年轻一代在处理人际关系时所采取的务实且富有创意的方式。作动词的宾语，用名词flexibility。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：“搭子文化”并非是对传统友谊的削弱，而是在亲密关系中增添了更多的灵活性，展现了中国年轻一代在处理人际关系时所采取的务实且富有创意的方式。此处show与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $