专题02 语法填空(动词时态、语态和词性转换）-2025年高二英语暑假作业（语法填空）

2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之动词时态、语态和词性转换02 一. 动词的时态 1. 一般现在时： (1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作、客观真理、目前的特征、状态、能力等；b. 主句是一般将来时(一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词)，则时间或条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。 (2) 一般现在时的谓语动词通常用原形，如果主语为单数第三人称，那么谓语动词要用第三a. 人称、sh、ch结尾的动词加-es；c. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i，再加-es；以元音字母单数形式。动词第三人称单数形式的构成：a. 一般在动词末尾加-s。help—helps；b. 以s、x加y结尾的动词，直接加s。不规则变化：go—goes；do—does；have—has。 (3) 与一般现在时连用的时间状语：everyday，once a week，often，usually，sometimes，always等。 【跟踪练习】 1. Summer _____(follow) spring. 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：夏季紧随春季之后。客观规律，所以用一般现在时，且主语是Summer，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填follows。 2. If he _____(not come) on time, we won’t wait for him. 【解析】考查时态。句意：如果他不能按时到达，我们就不会等他了。if引导的条件句，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，且从句主语是单数第三人称。故填doesn’t come。 3. This cycle _____ (go) day after day：the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night. 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种循环每天都在重复：墙壁在白天会变热，在夜间则会变凉。这里在描述一个自然规律，句子用一般现在时，且主语是单数名词cycle。故填goes。 4. Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, ____(be) carefully prepared according to local customs. 【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：茶是中国人以及许多其他国家人民喜爱的饮品，其制作方式也遵循着当地的习俗。这里在描述一个客观事实，句子用.一般现在时，且主语是Tea，不可数名词。故填is。 5. Luckily I checked my e-mails yesterday. Normally I _____(not open) my e-mail box for days. 【解析】考查时态。句意：幸运的是，我昨天查看了邮件。通常我一连好几天都不会打开邮箱。根据Normally 可知，这里在描述经常性、习惯性的动作，句子用一般现在说。故填don’t open。 【答案】follows doesn’t come goes is don’t open 2. 一般过去时： (1) 表示过去的动作或状态； (2)和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year，yesterday，two years ago，in 2024等； (3)动词用过去式：+-ed。规则动词过去式的构成： a. 一般在动词后面直接加-ed。ask—asked； b. 以不发音的字母e结尾，直接加-d。like—liked； c. 以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变成i，再加ed。carry—carried；以元音字母+y结尾，直接加ed。destroy—destroyed。 不规则动词过去式：be—was/were；see—saw；take—took等。特别注意：picnic(野餐)—picnicked—picnicking；panic(惊慌)—panicked—panicking。 【跟踪练习】 1. It was raining lightly when I _____ (arrive ) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 【解析】句意：我黎明前抵达阳朔时，天空正下着小雨。描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时。故填arrived。 2. He _____ (stare) at the photos on the wall and started to think. 【解析】句意：他凝视着墙上的照片，陷入了沉思。根据and started可知，该句是并列的一般过去时态的谓语动词。故填stared。 3. The US ______ (establish) diplomatic relations with China in 1979. 【解析】句意：美国于 1979 年与中国建立了外交关系。根据时间状语in 1979可知，句子用一般过去时态。故填established。 4. What _____(do) you do during the last summer vacation? 【解析】句意：你上个暑假都做了些什么？根据during the last summer vacation可知，句子是一般过去时态，且该句是特殊疑问句，所以用助动词did帮助构成问句。故填did。 5. There _____(be) no buses, so we had to walk home. 【解析】句意：没有公交车，所以我们只好步行回家。根据so后面分句的时态we had to walk home可知，so前面分句也用一般过去时态，前面分句的主语是 buses，复数形式。故填were。 【答案】arrived stared established did were 3. 现在完成时： (1) a. 过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响或结果，与现在有联系；b. 过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在，也许还将继续下去； (2) 与现在完成时连用的时间状语：since(自从……以来)、so far(到目前为止)、by now、up to now、till/until now(到目前为止)、in/over/during the last/past few years(在最近的几年里)、in recent years(在最近的几年里)、lately(最近)等； (3)现在完成时态的构成：have/has been +过去分词；规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式一样； (4) have/has been (to) 表示“曾经去过某地”；have/has gone (to) 表示“去某地了”。 【跟踪练习】 1. The museum _____ (become) a hit since it opened at the end of October. 【解析】句意：自 10 月底开馆以来，这家博物馆就大受欢迎。句中since是连词，意为“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时态，此处主语是单数名词The museum，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has become。 2. In the past 50 years or so, scientists _____(be) able to “see”farther and farther into the sky. 【解析】句意：在过去大约 50 年的时间里，科学家们已经能够越来越深入地观测天空。根据时间状语In the past 50 years or so可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语是复数名词scientists。故填have been。 3. It is the fourth time that Tom _____(fail) in the math exams. 【解析】句意：这是汤姆第四次在数学考试中不及格了。固定句型：It is the first(second...) time that 主语+现在完成时+其他。that从句的主语是Tom，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has failed。 4. I _____ (come) to understand him better over the years. 【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，我对他的了解越来越深入了。根据时间状语 over the years可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语是I，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have come。 5. Medical science ______(make) amazing progress in recent decades. 【解析】句意：近几十年来，医学科学取得了令人瞩目的进步。根据时间状语in recent decades可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语是不可数名词 science。故填has made。 【答案】has become have been has failed have come has made 4. 过去完成时： (1) 表示过去的某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”； (2) 过去完成时的构成：助动词had+过去分词； (3) 和过去完成时连用的时间状语：by the end of +过去的时间；by the time。 By the end of last term we had learned ten English songs.(在上学期结束时，我们已经学完了十首英文歌曲。) When I got there, the train had left.(当我赶到那里时，火车已经开走了。) 5. 现在进行时： (1) 表示目前正在发生的动作； (2)现在进行时的构成：be(am/is /are)+现在分词； (3) 现在分词的构成：a. 一般在动词末尾直接加-ing；b. 以不发音字母e结尾，把e去掉再加-ing；c. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。特别注意：picnic—picnicking；panic—panicking。 Look! They are playing football.(看！他们正在踢足球。) Listen! Who is singing?(听！是谁在唱歌？) 6. 过去进行时： (1) 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作； (2) 过去进行时的构成：was/were +现在分词。 It was raining heavily when I left the cinema.(我离开电影院的时候，雨下得正大。) I was helping my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday.(昨天一整天我都在厨房里帮着母亲做事。) 7. 一般将来时： (1) 表示从目前看将要发生的动作； (2) 一般将来时的构成：will/shall+动词原形；be going to do；be to do(表示有计划有安排的事情)；come/go/leave/fly等的进行时也可表示将来。 8. 过去将来时： (1) 表示从过去某一时候看将要发生的动作； (2) 过去将来时的构成：would+动词原形；be going to do；be to do(表示有计划有安排的事情)；come/go/leave/fly等的进行时也可表示将来。 二. 动词的语态 动词的被动语态：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词过去分词+(be+动作执行者)”构成，其中助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。by+执行者，表示“被……”，强调动作的执行者，by短语可以省略。 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 2. 一般过去时态的被动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去分词 3. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+ 及物动词的过去分词 4. 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+及物动词的过去分词 5. 一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall be +及物动词的过去分词；be going to be done 6. 过去将来时的被动语态：would be +及物动词的过去分词；be going to be done 7. 现在完成时的被动语态：助动词have/has +been+及物动词的过去分词 8. 过去完成时的被动语态：助动词had +been+及物动词的过去分词 9. 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 【跟踪练习】 1. Rice ____(grow) in South China. 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：水稻产于中国南方。这里在描述一个客观事实，且句子主语rice是不可数名词，与谓语动词grow之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is grown。 2. The glass _____(break) yesterday. 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：玻璃杯昨天被打碎了。句子主语The glass是单数名词，和谓语动词break之间是被动关系，再根据时间状语yesterday可知，句子用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was broken。 3. The project _____(carry) out now. 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：该项目正在实施当中。句子主语The project是单数名词，和谓语动词carry之间是被动关系，再根据now可知，句子用现在进行时的被动语态。故填 is being carried。 4. The cars ____(send) abroad by sea soon. 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：这些汽车很快就会通过海运运往国外。句子主语The cars和谓语动词send之间是被动关系，再根据soon可知，此处用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be sent。 5. This novel _____(translate) into several languages so far. 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：这部小说到目前为止已经被翻译成了好几种语言。句子主语This novel和谓语动词translate之间是被动关系，再根据so far可知，句子用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been translated。 6. Wood can _____(make) into paper. 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：木材可以被制成纸张。情态动词后面跟动词原形，且句子主语wood和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be made。 7. The debt must _____(pay) off before next month. 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：这笔债务必须在下个月之前还清。情态动词后面跟动词原形，且句子主语The debt和谓语动词pay之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be paid。 8. Whistling by listeners _____(regard) as a sign of approval in some countries. 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：在某些国家，听众听到吹口哨的声音会被视为一种认可的表示。动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且句子主语和谓语动词regard之间是被动关系，再根据as a sign of approval in some countries可知，句子是一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is regarded。 【答案】1. is grown 2. was broken 3. is being carried 4. will be sent 5. has been translated 6. be made 7. be paid 8. is regarded 【知识拓展】 主动形式表被动意义的四种情况： 1. 主语+want/need/require doing/to be done某事需要做： The room needs ______(clean). 2. 主语+系动词(look,sound,feel,smell,become,taste等)+形容词： The food didn’t taste _____(taste). 3. 主语+表主语属性的不及物动词(sell,read,wash,write,operate等)，这些词可与well,easily,badly等副词连用： The kind of the book _____(sell) well. The pen _____(write) soomthly. 4. 主语+不及物动词(短语)(happen,occur,take place,come about等) Great changes _____ (take) place here since 1990. 【答案】1. cleaning/to be cleaned 2. tasty 3. sells；writes 4. have taken 三. 动词的词性转换 1. 动词转换为名词作宾语：在近五年高考语法填空中考查动词转换成名词作宾语时，大多数情况下题干都会给出可以用来修饰该名词的提示词，如冠词、形容词、物主代词(即当动词出现在冠词、形容词、物主代词等后面时，必须转换成名词)： She won’t be happy with my _____(apologize). 【答案】apology 句意：她不会对我那番道歉感到满意。 The world changed rapidly after the _____(invent) of the computer. Other people might easily draw a different _____(conclude). 【答案】conclusion 句意：其他人则可能很容易得出不同的结论。 注意：“the+名词+of”结构是考查动词转换为名词的一个常考点。 With the ______(develop) of science and technology, our daily life is becoming more colorful and more convenient. 【答案】development 句意：随着科技的发展，我们的日常生活变得越来越丰富多彩，也越来越便捷。 2. 动词转换为名词作表语：大多数情况下题干都会给出可以用来修饰该名词的提示词。除此之外，往往设空处可以表明主语“是什么”，并说明主语的身份和特征： The light goes on and off because there is a loose ____(connect). 【答案】connection 句意：灯忽明忽暗，是因为连接处松动了。 3. 动词转换为形容词：形容词在句中作宾补、定语或表语。 He is a ______(success) businessman. 【答案】successful 句意：他是一位成功的商人。 常见动词向名词转换： 1. 在动词后加-ment构成名词。如：agree—agreement, achieve—achievement,move—movement,develop—development 2.在动词后加-(t)ion/-sion/-ation构成名词。connect—connection,apply—application 3. 在动词后加-ance/-ence构成名词。如：appear—appearance,disturb—disturbance，insist—insistence,depend—dependence 4. 在动词后加-er/or构成名词。visit—visitor，read—reader 【跟踪练习】 1. She also hopes her children will get a good _____(educate). 【解析】考查名词。句意：她还希望自己的孩子们能接受良好的教育。根据a good可知，此处用名词，educate的名词是education。故填education。 2. The Theater District is a popular tourist _____(attract) in New York City. 【解析】考查名词。句意：剧院区是纽约市一个颇受欢迎的旅游景点。根据空前的 a popular tourist可知，此处用单数名词，attract的名词是attraction。故填attraction。 3. The boy gave his classmate a _____(describe) of what he had seen on his way toschool. 【解析】考查名词。句意：这个男孩向他的同学描述了他在上学路上所看到的景象。分析a _____(describe) of可知，此处用describe的名词description。故填description。 4. He gave himself a new name to hide his_____(identify). 【解析】考查名词。句意：他给自己起了一个新的名字，以掩盖自己的真实身份。形容词性物主代词his后面用名词，identify的名词是 identity。故填 identity。 5. The news is a great _____(encourage) to me. 【解析】考查名词。句意：这个消息对我来说真是极大的鼓舞。根据 a great可知，此处用名词。故填encouragement。 6. The article are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site ____(suit) for them as well. 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这篇文章是为青少年读者编写的，但成年人也会觉得这个网站对他们来说也很合适。此处用形容词作宾语补足语。故填suitable。 7. It is one of the most _____(amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view. 【解析】考查形容词作定语。句意：从艺术角度来看，这是一部非常出色的电视节目。此处是形容词作定语修饰名词 TV shows。故填amazing。 8. I knew it was going tonhard to find another job in the _____(compete) working market. 【解析】考查形容词作定语。句意：我知道在竞争激烈的就业市场中再找一份工作将会非常困难。此处是形容词作定语，compete是动词，其形容词是competitive。故填competitive。 9. His acting was so _____(convince) and amusing that everybody couldn’t help bursting into laughter. 【解析】考查形容词作表语。句意：他的表演如此逼真且有趣，以至于所有人都忍不住大笑起来。convincing是形容词，意为“令人信服的”，在句中作表语。故填convincing。 10. I will always be _____(thank) that Ihad the opportunity to know them. 【解析】考查形容词作表语。句意：我永远都会感激自己曾有机会与他们相识。此处是形容词作表语，thank的形容词是thankful。故填thankful。 【答案】1. education 2. attraction 3. description 4. identity 5. encouragement 6. suitable 7. amazing 8. competitive 9. convincing 10. thankful 四. 高考真题体验 I组(动词的各种时态) 1. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _____(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road...(2024新课标I卷) 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 2. Some of the things that Tang was writing about _____(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. (2024新课标II卷) 【解析】考查时态。 句意:汤所写的一些事情也是莎士比亚 所关心的。that Tang was writing about为定语从句, 本空为主句谓语,主句描述过去的动作和状态,主句时态用一般过去时，且主语为Some of the things，复数形式。故填were。 2. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). (2024浙江卷1月) 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超 市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。此处作谓语动词, 主语为some supermarkets, 为复数, 根据“Over the last two years”可知，句子用现在完成时态。故填have started。 3. As a little girl, I ____(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.(2023新课标II卷) 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 4. The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____(mean) there is always something new todiscover here...(2023全国乙卷) 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展得益于其独特的规划理念，即在保护历史的同时融入现代元素。这意味着这里总有新的事物等待着人们去发现……分析句子结构可知,该句缺少谓语动词,主语为“development”,是第三人称单数,且整句陈述的是现在的情况,谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填means。 5. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _____(be) previously unprotected...(2022新高考I卷) 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：计划将把保护范围扩大到许多以前没有被保护的地区，that引导的定语从句修饰名词areas，that指代areas，在从句中做主语，因为areas是复数，和动词be之间是被动关系，结合主句中的will可知从句用一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构为was/were+动词过去分词，be的过去分词为been，areas是复数，用were，故答案为were。 3. Henry ____(fix) his car when he heard the screams.(2022新高考II卷) 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:Henry正在修车,这时他听到了惊叫。这是一个“sb. be doing sth. when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事,这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数,所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。 4. He quickly _____(throw) his tools aside, and started running , arms out.(2022新高考II卷) 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他很快把工具扔了,甩开手臂开始跑起来。根据下文的“and started running”可知,此处是并列谓语,应该用一般过去时。故用threw。 5. In the last five cars, Cao _____(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.(2022全国甲卷)【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的五次旅行中，曹先生走访了六大洲的 34 个国家。2016 年，他还登上了非洲的最高峰——乞力马扎罗山。“In the last five years”意思是在过去的五年里，这是一个现在完成时的时间标志。现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”。且句子主语Cao是第三人称单数，要用has。故填has walked。 【答案】walks were have started wished means were was fixing threw has walked II组(动词的被动语态)： 1. Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____(build) at the First Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024新课标II卷) 【解析】考查语态和主谓一致。句意：两年后，在第一花园内（距离莎士比亚出生地仅十分钟步行路程）建起了一座六米高的亭子，其设计灵感源自《牡丹亭》。“build”和“pavilion”之间也是被动关系，亭子是“被建造”，所以要用“build”的被动形式“built”。而且从“Two years later”知道这是在说过去的事情，要用一般过去时，“a six - meter - tall pavilion”是单数。故填was built。 2. What should _____(do) with such a beautiful place? (2024全国甲卷) 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该如何处理呢？根据句意可知，空中缺少的是谓语，do with 固定短语，“处理”，主语What 和do with 是被动关系，情态动词should后跟动词原形，所以此处是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be done。 3. Carson proves that a simple literary from that has been passed down through the ages can still _____(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. (2023全国甲卷) 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文学形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。情态动词后跟动词原形，句子主语a simple literary和动词employ之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be employed。 4. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _____(amaze) by the coexistence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023全国乙卷) 【解析】考查动词时态和被动语态。原句中的时间状语“Having visited several times over the last 10 years”（分词完成式结构）表明“访问”的时间跨度为过去到现在的十年，但主句需进一步确定时态。分词短语后通常主句时态需与句意匹配，此处主句表示对过去经历的总结性感受，重点在于过程中的体验。 后文“how a city was able to keep...”（城市过去如何保持遗产）的“was able”为过去式，暗示整句的叙述侧重过去的情况。因此，主句应使用一般过去时。动词“amaze”为及物动词，需用被动语态“be amazed by...”，且主语为“I”。故填was amazed。 5. The GPNP _____(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosytems…” (2022新高考I卷) 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。 【答案】was built be done be employed was amazed is designed III组(动词的词性转换)： 1. In cold weather, the structure stays _____(close) to protect the plants. (2024新课标I卷) 【解析】考查形容词。句意：在寒冷的天气里，这个结构会保持关闭状态，以保护植物不受冻害。根据上文可知，前面描述的是玻璃房打开的情况，所以这里描述的是关闭的情况，这里的close作为动词“关闭”之意。根据句意，stay是连系动词，意为“处于……状态”，后面用close的形容词closed“关闭的”作表语。故填closed。 2. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the _____(complete) of their journey. (2024全国甲卷) 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。他们的宣传工作得到了回报。两年后，在怀俄明州成为一个州的18年前，黄石公园成为美国和世界上第一个国家公园。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 3. Since June 2017， right before the ____(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at zoo… (2023新课标II卷) 【解析】考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。 4. However， Cason’s theme is a more weighty _____ (warn) about environmental destruction. (2023全国甲卷) 【解析】考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 5. The _____(remark) development of this city, which is considered designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world… (2023全国乙卷) 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 6. They both fell _____ (sleep) while watching TV. (2022新高考II卷) 【解析】考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填形容词作fell的表语，fall asleep“熟睡”。故填asleep。 7. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road , in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). (2022全国甲卷) 【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿着道路捡拾垃圾，以此来促进环境保护。空前environmental 是形容词，修饰名词。故填protection。 8. Strange， isn't it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us _____ (astonish). (2021新高考I卷) 【解析】考查形容词作宾补。句意：确实很奇怪吧？但这就是大自然的本性——总是让我们感到惊讶不已。句子结构为“leave us + 补语”，需填入形容词或分词形式。原词“astonish”是动词，根据语境，此处需表达“被震惊”的被动状态，应用其过去分词“astonished”作形容词。若用“astonishing”（令人惊讶的），逻辑不符，因为自然留下的状态应是被动感受而非主动使人惊讶。故填astonished。 9. A company _____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline wasswitching over to plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. (2021新高考II卷) 【解析】考查名词和冠词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。句中的wrote 缺少主语,represent应该变成名词,才能做主语,其名词为representative。故填representative。 10. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _____ (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. (2021全国乙卷) 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,educate与traveler之间为被动关系,应用过去分词。故填educated。 【答案】closed completion arrival warning remarkable asleep protection astonished representative educated 五. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 I am an active girl. I like many different kinds of extreme sports, __1__(especial) the parachute (降落伞) sport. It is the most popular and challenging for young people, me___2___ (include). When I jump from a high mountain and then open my parachute, flying above the sky and ____3____ (see) the scenery, I am very happy, ___4___makes me feel as if I were a bird. It is so dangerous, but it can give me ____5___ (differ) experiences. Besides, I also like bungee jumping that ____6___ (choose) by many people. They choose it because it is ____7___ (safe) than the parachute sport, while I choose it because it is also _____8__ (excite). The loss of gravity makes me feel like dying. It is the sense of dying that attracts lots of people. But not everyone is suitable ____9___these adventure sports. The people who have heart disease are not allowed to do ____10___. No matter what kind of sport people try, safety comes first. 【答案】1. especially 2. included 3. seeing 4. which 5. different 6. is chosen 7. safer 8. exciting 9. for 10. them 【解析】 1. 考查副词。句意：我喜欢各种各样的极限运动，尤其是降落伞运动。此处是副词修饰后面的名词词组。故填especially。 2. 考查过去分词。句意：它最受年轻人欢迎，也是最具挑战性的，包括我在内。其中me和include之间是被动关系，因为句子有谓语动词，所以include用过去分词。故填included。 3. 考查现在分词。句意：当我从高山上跳下来，然后打开降落伞，在天空中飞行，看到风景，我很高兴，这让我觉得自己好像是一只鸟。此处动词see与现在分词flying构成并列关系，作伴随状语。故填seeing。 4. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当我从高山上跳下来，然后打开降落伞，在天空中飞行，看到风景，我很高兴，这让我觉得自己好像是一只鸟。前面含when时间状语从句的主从复合句是先行词，作谓语动词makes的主语，此处由关系代词which代替前面的先行词，引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 5. 考查形容词作定语。句意：它是如此危险，但它可以给我不同的经验。空后的experiences是名词，由形容词修饰，differ的形容词是different。故填different。 6. 考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，我还喜欢蹦极，这是很多人选择的。这里在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在说，且that引导的定语从句中bungee jumping是先行词，在从句中作主语，单数第三人称，和动词choose之间是被动关系，所以定语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is chosen。 7. 考查比较级。句意：他们选择它是因为它比降落伞运动更安全，而我选择它是因为它也很刺激。根据下文的than可知，这里用形容词比较级。故填safer。 8. 考查形容词。句意：他们选择它是因为它比降落伞运动更安全，而我选择它是因为它也很刺激。此处指“它是刺激的、兴奋的”，“物”作主语，用excite的形容词exciting说明主语的状态。故填exciting。 9. 考查介词。句意：但并不是每个人都适合这些冒险运动。固定搭配：be suitable for“对……适合”。故填for。 10. 考查代词宾格。句意：有心脏病的人不允许做它们。动词do后面用代词宾格them指代前面提到的“跳伞和蹦极”两项运动。故填them。 2 Oats have grown throughout our world since ancient times but weren't always as appreciated as they are today. They ___1___ (consider) a weed in ancient Egypt and even by the 18th century, English writer Samuel Johnson described __2___ (they) as “fit only for horses”. Nowadays, we know oats are a ___3___(rely) part of a healthy meal, especially at breakfast. So, do you know ___4___ is really so healthy in oatmeal? For one thing, oatmeal is ____5____ (particular) good at controlling LDL or cholesterol (胆固醇). Research shows eating oats regularly can reduce the LDL or cholesterol levels ___6____ about 7%. This is good news for your heart since ___7___ (keep) these levels down also helps reduce the risk of heart disease. If you're trying to lose weight, you cannot find a better ____8___ (choose) than oatmeal. Oatmeal is full of fibre, ___9____ makes you feel full for longer so you don't get tempted by less healthy foods later in the day. Also, fibre helps you digest what you've eaten better and ____10____ (easy). And it can even help you control your blood sugar. All in all, there are lots of lovely things oatmeal can do for your health. 【答案】 were consideered 2. them 3. reliable 4. what 5. particularly 6. by 7. keeping 8. choice 9. which 10. more easily 【解析】 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：在古埃及，它们被认为是一种杂草，甚至到了18世纪，英国作家塞缪尔·约翰逊（Samuel Johnson）将它们描述为“只适合马吃”。句子主语They和谓语动词consider之间是被动关系，再根据时间状语in ancient Egypt and even by the 18th century可知，这里用一般过去时态的被动语态，且句子主语是第三人称复数形式。故填were consideered。 考查代词宾格。句意：在古埃及，它们被认为是一种杂草，甚至到了18世纪，英国作家塞缪尔·约翰逊（Samuel Johnson）将它们描述为“只适合马吃”。动词described后面用代词宾格作宾语。故填them。 考查形容词。句意：如今，我们知道燕麦是健康膳食的可靠组成部分，尤其是在早餐中。空后part是名词，由形容词修饰，动词rely的形容词形式是reliable。故填reliable。 考查宾语从句引导词。句意：那么，你知道燕麦片中真正健康的是什么吗？动词know后面是宾语从句作宾语，从句缺少引导词和主语，所填词其双重作用。故填what。 考查副词。句意：首先，燕麦片对控制低密度脂蛋白或胆固醇特别有效。此处是副词修饰形容词。故填particularly。 考查介词。句意：研究表明，经常吃燕麦可以将低密度脂蛋白或胆固醇水平降低约7%。表示“下降了、上升了、增长了等”，应该用介词by；表示“下降到、上升到、增长到等”，应该用介词to。此处表示“下降了”。故填by。 考查非谓语动词。句意：这对你的心脏来说是个好消息，因为保持低水平也有助于降低患心脏病的风险。句中since“既然”引导时间状语从句，从句有谓语动词，缺少主语，这里是动名词作主语。故填keepig。 考查名词。句意：如果你想减肥，你找不到比燕麦更好的选择了。根据空前的a better可知，此处用单数名词，动词choose的名词是choice。故填choice。 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：燕麦片富含纤维，让你的饱腹感持续更长时间，这样你就不会在一天的晚些时候被不健康的食物所诱惑。前面整个句子是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。故填which。 考查副词比较级。句意：此外，纤维可以帮助你更好、更容易地消化所吃的东西。副词修饰动词，再根据better可知，此处用副词的比较级，easy的副词是easily，其比较级是more easily。故填more easily。 3 Next time you sit down to watch a sad film, put the snacks away. Research shows that we eat up to 55 percent more when ___1__ (watch) a sad movie than a happy one. It is thought that we eat___2__(make) us feel better. With popcorn (爆米花) and ice cream chosen as ___3___ (they) favourite foods by film-goers, the situation suggests bad news for people. Researchers ___4__ (offer) a group of office workers types of snacks while they watched the sad Love Story and Sweet Home Alabama, a ___5__ (cheer), funny film. Researchers said, “After the movies were over and the tears were wiped away, those __6__ had watched Love Story had eaten 36 percent more snacks.” Medical researchers recommend that those not hoping to gain ____7__ (weigh) put snacks out of reach. “Keep snacks out of arm's reach. You'd better leave them in the kitchen __8__only bring to the sofa what you expect to eat. Maybe you can change popcorn and sweets___9__pieces of fruit and vegetables. It's really ____10__ (easy) to become slim by design than by determination.” 【解析】 1. 考查现在分词。句意：研究表明，我们在看悲伤电影时比看快乐电影时多吃55%。在状语从句中，当主句的主语和从句主语是同一个时，从句的主语和动词be可以省略。此处when (we are) watching a sad movie than a happy one.中的we are可省略，故填watching。 2. 考查动词不定式。句意：据认为，我们吃是为了使我们感觉更好。不定式to make作目的状语，故填to make。 3. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：爆米花和冰淇淋被电影观众选为他们最喜欢的食物，这种情况给人们带来了坏消息。此处特指their favorite foods（他们最喜爱的食物），用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填the/their。 4. 考查一般过去时态。句意：研究人员让一组上班族一边看悲伤的《爱情故事》和欢快的《阿拉巴马甜蜜之家》，一边吃各种各样的零食。说的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时态，即动词offered（提供），故填offered。 5. 考查形容词。句意：研究人员让一组上班族一边看悲伤的《爱情故事》和欢快的《阿拉巴马甜蜜之家》，一边吃各种各样的零食。形容词cheerful（令人高兴的）与形容词funny（有趣的）作定语修饰名词film，意思是“一部欢快、有趣的电影”，故填cheerful。 6. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：看完电影，擦干眼泪后，看过《爱情故事》的人多吃了36%的零食。定语从句，those（那些人）是先行词，从句中缺少主语，要用关系代词who引导该定语从句，故填who。 7. 考查名词作宾语。句意：医学研究人员建议那些不希望发胖的人把零食放在够不着的地方。固定词组：gain weight（增加体重），名词weight（重量）作动词gain（赢得）的宾语，故填weight。 8. 考查并列连词。句意：你最好把它们放在厨房里，只把你想吃的东西放到沙发上。此处leave和bring之间是递进的并列关系，故填and。 9. 考查介词。句意：也许你可以把爆米花和糖果换成水果和蔬菜。固定搭配：change...for...，把……转换成……，故填for。 10. 考查比较级。句意：通过设计变得苗条比通过决心变得苗条更容易。句中有表示比较的连词than，所以此处要用形容词easy的比较级，故填easier。 4 Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world___1___(warm) than ever before. Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared____2___(they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger___3____threatens their only home. Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice____4___(reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend_____5__ sea ice for their_____6___(survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, ____7__scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist.” ____8____(melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up and polar bears have less time____9___(hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used when the bears are not____10____(active) hunting. 【答案】1. warmer 2.them 3.that/which 4. has reduced 5.on/upon 6.survival 7.a 8.Melting 9.to hunt 10.actively 【解析】 考查比较级。句意：在一个比以往任何时候都温暖的世界里，北极熊正在挨饿。根据空格后面的than可知，此处用比较级。故填warmer。 考查代词宾格。句意：大自然已经为它们寒冷的环境做好了准备。此处用代词宾格作动词prepare的宾语。故填them。 考查定语从句引导词。句意：但这些熊还没有准备好面对威胁它们唯一家园的危险。此处bears指物，后面的定语从句缺少主语和引导词。故填that/which。 考查现在完成时态和主谓一致。句意：研究表明，自1978年以来，极地冰每10年减少9.8%。根据时间状语since 1978“自从……以来”，可知此处用现在完成时，且句子主语polar ice是不可数名词。故填has reduced。 考查介词。句意：北极熊依靠海冰生存。固定搭配：depend on/upon“依赖，依靠”。故填on/upon。 考查名词。句意：北极熊依靠海冰生存。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，动词survive的名词是survival。故填survival。 考查不定冠词。句意：“海冰不仅仅是北极熊行走的平台，”研究北美北极熊种群的科学家安德鲁·德罗彻（Andrew Derocher）说。分析句子结构Andrew Derocher, ____7__scientist可知，scientist是Andrew Derocher同位语，且是单数名词，辅音音素开头。故填a。 考查非谓语动词。句意：极地冰的融化和再冻结是很自然的。该句是简单句，谓语动词是is，所给动词melt是非谓语动词，句子没有主语，此处是动名词作主语，且位于句子开头，第一个字母大写。故填Melting。 考查动词不定式。句意：但在一个更温暖的世界里，这个周期加快了，北极熊捕猎的时间就更少了。此处是动词不定式作后置定语。故填to hunt。 10. 考查副词。句意：多余的脂肪将在熊不积极捕猎时使用。此处是副词修饰动词。故填actively。 5 Many people agree that going to museums ___1___ (be) a good way of learning about ancient treasures. However, others may find it boring to have time ___2___ (spend) there. Therefore, how to make museums and their lifeless collections more appealing is a tough question worth ___3___ (attach) importance to. Luckily, National Treasure, a TV program ___4___ began to air on Dec. 3, 2017, throws light on ways to inspire interest in museums and their collections. Aiming to make ancient relics to come alive, the program presents treasures through different artistic methods including lots of dramatic___5__ (performance) and storytelling, which explain the history behind each cultural relic ___6___ detail, so that the audience can not only understand how to appreciate the beauty of cultural relics, but also know the civilization and the spirit of Chinese culture. In fact, such programs that promote traditional ancient relics ___7___ (become) popular in recent years. For example, a 2016 documentary featuring the Forbidden City's cultural relics and their restorers, called on many college students ___8___ (apply) to work as volunteers there. ___9__ is universally accepted that National Treasure has been ___10___ (success) in encouraging more people to visit museums by touching their hearts. 【答案】1.is 2. spent 3.attaching 4. which/that 5. performances 6. in 7. have become 8. to apply 9. It 10. successful 【解析】 1. 考查主谓一致。句意：许多人同意去博物馆是了解古代宝藏的好方法。动名词短语“going to museums”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故填is。 2. 考查过去分词。句意：然而，其他人可能会觉得在那里消磨时间很无聊。此处time和spend之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填spend。 3. 考查动名词。句意：因此，如何使博物馆及其毫无生气的藏品更具吸引力是一个值得重视的棘手问题。“be worth doing”为固定短语，意为“值得做”，此处应用attach的动名词形式。故填attaching。 4. 考查定语从句引导词。句意：幸运的是，2017年12月3日开播的电视节目《国家宝藏》为激发人们对博物馆及其藏品的兴趣提供了途径。先行词“a TV program”在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：为了让古代文物活起来，节目通过不同的艺术方式呈现珍宝，包括大量的戏剧表演和讲故事，详细解释了每件文物背后的历史，让观众不仅了解如何欣赏文物之美，还了解了中国文化的文明和精神。形容词“dramatic”后接名词，perform的名词形式为performance，且“lots of”后接可数名词复数。故填performances。 6. 考查介词。句意：为了让古代文物活起来，节目通过不同的艺术方式呈现珍宝，包括大量的戏剧表演和讲故事，详细解释了每件文物背后的历史，让观众不仅了解如何欣赏文物之美，还了解了中国文化的文明和精神。固定短语：in detail详细地。故填in。 7. 考查动词时态。句意：事实上，这类宣传传统文物的节目近年来已经很流行了。时间状语“in recent years”通常与现在完成时连用，主语“such programs”为复数。故填have become。 8. 考查动词不定式。句意：例如，2016年一部关于紫禁城文物及其修复者的纪录片呼吁许多大学生申请成为那里的志愿者。“urge sb to do sth”是固定短语，意为“敦促某人做某事”。故填to apply。 9. 考查it的用法。句意：人们普遍认为，《国家宝藏》成功地打动了更多人的心，鼓励他们参观博物馆。固定句型：It is universally accepted that ...，众所周知。此处是it作形式主语，且位于句首大写开头，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。故填that。 10. 考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为，《国家宝藏》成功地打动了更多人的心，鼓励他们参观博物馆。be动词后接形容词作表语，success的形容词形式为successful，意为“成功的”。故填successful。 6 Auckland, the capital city of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous (人口众多的) urban area in the country. When ____1____(plan) a trip to New Zealand, most people skip over Auckland as a destination. Everyone floods to Queenstown, or heads out____2____(spend) time enjoying themselves in nature. However, as anyone who has visited it knows, there are even ____3____ (many) things to do in Auckland, compared with those in Queenstown. All of these things make____4____ a great destination for all travelers.____5____ you are a backpacker, you will in, particular enjoy the huge range of free and cheap things to do in Auckland, especially in a country which is known____6____ its high living cost. The city's trendy neighborhoods can____7____(explore) on foot, and the skyline can be viewed from the water for the cheap price of a ferry ticket.____8____(particular), you will have the chance to taste____9____(variety) of snacks and the city doesn't shy away from a good happy hour. Give yourself____10____ couple of days to enjoy it, and check out some of our favorite things to do in Auckland. Auckland, you shouldn't miss it! 【答案】 planning 2. to spend 3. more 4. it 5. If 6. for 7. be explored 8. Particularly 9. varieties 10. a 【解析】 1. 考查现在分词。句意：当计划去新西兰旅行时，大多数人不会把奥克兰作为目的地。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句的完整形式为：When they are planning a trip to New Zealand，相当于省略了they are。故填planning。 2. 考查动词不定式。句意：每个人都涌向皇后镇，或者出去享受大自然。根据句意可知此处表示目的，应该用不定式作目的状语。故填to spend。 3. 考查比较级。句意：然而，正如所有去过奥克兰的人所知，与皇后镇相比，在奥克兰甚至有更多的事情可做。空后的“compared with”表明此处用形容词比较级，同时even也常用来修饰比较级。故填more。 4. 考查it的用法。句意：所有这些都使它成为所有旅行者的好去处。分析句子结构可知 make后缺宾语，根据句意可知此处指代前面提到的Auckland。故填it。 5. 考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你是一个背包客，你会特别喜欢在奥克兰做各种各样的免费和便宜的事情，尤其是在一个以生活成本高而闻名的国家。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处应该会提到一个条件，表示“如果”。故填If。 6. 考查介词。句意同上，be known for表示“以……而闻名”。故填for。 7. 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：你可以步行探索这座城市的时尚社区，只需一张便宜的船票，就可以从水上看到天际线。neighborhoods与explore之间是被动关系，应该用被动态，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be explored。 8. 考查副词。句意：特别是，你将有机会品尝各种小吃，这座城市一定会给你带来美好的快乐时光。修饰整个句子用副词。故填Particularly。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：特别是，你将有机会品尝各种小吃，这座城市一定会给你带来美好的快乐时光。varieties of是固定短语，表示“各种各样的”，故填varieties。 10. 考查不定冠词。句意：给自己几天时间去享受一下。a couple of是固定短语，"表示“几个”。故填a。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之动词时态、语态和词性转换02 一. 动词的时态 1. 一般现在时： (1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作、客观真理、目前的特征、状态、能力等；b. 主句是一般将来时(一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词)，则时间或条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。 (2) 一般现在时的谓语动词通常用原形，如果主语为单数第三人称，那么谓语动词要用第三a. 人称、sh、ch结尾的动词加-es；c. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i，再加-es；以元音字母单数形式。动词第三人称单数形式的构成：a. 一般在动词末尾加-s。help—helps；b. 以s、x加y结尾的动词，直接加s。不规则变化：go—goes；do—does；have—has。 (3) 与一般现在时连用的时间状语：everyday，once a week，often，usually，sometimes，always等。 【跟踪练习】 1. Summer _____(follow) spring. 2. If he _____(not come) on time, we won’t wait for him. 3. This cycle _____ (go) day after day：the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night. 4. Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, ____(be) carefully prepared according to local customs. 5. Luckily I checked my e-mails yesterday. Normally I _____(not open) my e-mail box for days. 2. 一般过去时： (1) 表示过去的动作或状态； (2)和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year，yesterday，two years ago，in 2024等； (3)动词用过去式：+-ed。规则动词过去式的构成： a. 一般在动词后面直接加-ed。ask—asked； b. 以不发音的字母e结尾，直接加-d。like—liked； c. 以辅音字母+y结尾，把y变成i，再加ed。carry—carried；以元音字母+y结尾，直接加ed。destroy—destroyed。 不规则动词过去式：be—was/were；see—saw；take—took等。特别注意：picnic(野餐)—picnicked—picnicking；panic(惊慌)—panicked—panicking。 【跟踪练习】 1. It was raining lightly when I _____ (arrive ) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 2. He _____ (stare) at the photos on the wall and started to think. 3. The US ______ (establish) diplomatic relations with China in 1979. 4. What _____(do) you do during the last summer vacation? 5. There _____(be) no buses, so we had to walk home. 3. 现在完成时： (1) a. 过去发生的动作，对现在造成了影响或结果，与现在有联系；b. 过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在，也许还将继续下去； (2) 与现在完成时连用的时间状语：since(自从……以来)、so far(到目前为止)、by now、up to now、till/until now(到目前为止)、in/over/during the last/past few years(在最近的几年里)、in recent years(在最近的几年里)、lately(最近)等； (3)现在完成时态的构成：have/has been +过去分词；规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式一样； (4) have/has been (to) 表示“曾经去过某地”；have/has gone (to) 表示“去某地了”。 【跟踪练习】 1. The museum _____ (become) a hit since it opened at the end of October. 2. In the past 50 years or so, scientists _____(be) able to “see”farther and farther into the sky. 3. It is the fourth time that Tom _____(fail) in the math exams. 4. I _____ (come) to understand him better over the years. 5. Medical science ______(make) amazing progress in recent decades. 4. 过去完成时： (1) 表示过去的某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”； (2) 过去完成时的构成：助动词had+过去分词； (3) 和过去完成时连用的时间状语：by the end of +过去的时间；by the time。 By the end of last term we had learned ten English songs.(在上学期结束时，我们已经学完了十首英文歌曲。) When I got there, the train had left.(当我赶到那里时，火车已经开走了。) 5. 现在进行时： (1) 表示目前正在发生的动作； (2)现在进行时的构成：be(am/is /are)+现在分词； (3) 现在分词的构成：a. 一般在动词末尾直接加-ing；b. 以不发音字母e结尾，把e去掉再加-ing；c. 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。特别注意：picnic—picnicking；panic—panicking。 Look! They are playing football.(看！他们正在踢足球。) Listen! Who is singing?(听！是谁在唱歌？) 6. 过去进行时： (1) 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作； (2) 过去进行时的构成：was/were +现在分词。 It was raining heavily when I left the cinema.(我离开电影院的时候，雨下得正大。) I was helping my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday.(昨天一整天我都在厨房里帮着母亲做事。) 7. 一般将来时： (1) 表示从目前看将要发生的动作； (2) 一般将来时的构成：will/shall+动词原形；be going to do；be to do(表示有计划有安排的事情)；come/go/leave/fly等的进行时也可表示将来。 8. 过去将来时： (1) 表示从过去某一时候看将要发生的动作； (2) 过去将来时的构成：would+动词原形；be going to do；be to do(表示有计划有安排的事情)；come/go/leave/fly等的进行时也可表示将来。 二. 动词的语态 动词的被动语态：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词过去分词+(be+动作执行者)”构成，其中助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。by+执行者，表示“被……”，强调动作的执行者，by短语可以省略。 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 2. 一般过去时态的被动语态：was/were+及物动词的过去分词 3. 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being+ 及物动词的过去分词 4. 过去进行时的被动语态：was/were+being+及物动词的过去分词 5. 一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall be +及物动词的过去分词；be going to be done 6. 过去将来时的被动语态：would be +及物动词的过去分词；be going to be done 7. 现在完成时的被动语态：助动词have/has +been+及物动词的过去分词 8. 过去完成时的被动语态：助动词had +been+及物动词的过去分词 9. 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 【跟踪练习】 1. Rice ____(grow) in South China. 2. The glass _____(break) yesterday. 3. The project _____(carry) out now. 4. The cars ____(send) abroad by sea soon. 5. This novel _____(translate) into several languages so far. 6. Wood can _____(make) into paper. 7. The debt must _____(pay) off before next month. 8. Whistling by listeners _____(regard) as a sign of approval in some countries. 【知识拓展】 主动形式表被动意义的四种情况： 1. 主语+want/need/require doing/to be done某事需要做： The room needs ______(clean). 2. 主语+系动词(look,sound,feel,smell,become,taste等)+形容词： The food didn’t taste _____(taste). 3. 主语+表主语属性的不及物动词(sell,read,wash,write,operate等)，这些词可与well,easily,badly等副词连用： The kind of the book _____(sell) well. The pen _____(write) soomthly. 4. 主语+不及物动词(短语)(happen,occur,take place,come about等) Great changes _____ (take) place here since 1990. 三. 动词的词性转换 1. 动词转换为名词作宾语：在近五年高考语法填空中考查动词转换成名词作宾语时，大多数情况下题干都会给出可以用来修饰该名词的提示词，如冠词、形容词、物主代词(即当动词出现在冠词、形容词、物主代词等后面时，必须转换成名词)： She won’t be happy with my _____(apologize). The world changed rapidly after the _____(invent) of the computer. Other people might easily draw a different _____(conclude). 注意：“the+名词+of”结构是考查动词转换为名词的一个常考点。 With the ______(develop) of science and technology, our daily life is becoming more colorful and more convenient. 2. 动词转换为名词作表语：大多数情况下题干都会给出可以用来修饰该名词的提示词。除此之外，往往设空处可以表明主语“是什么”，并说明主语的身份和特征： The light goes on and off because there is a loose ____(connect). 3. 动词转换为形容词：形容词在句中作宾补、定语或表语。 He is a ______(success) businessman. 常见动词向名词转换： 1. 在动词后加-ment构成名词。如：agree—agreement, achieve—achievement,move—movement,develop—development 2.在动词后加-(t)ion/-sion/-ation构成名词。connect—connection,apply—application 3. 在动词后加-ance/-ence构成名词。如：appear—appearance,disturb—disturbance，insist—insistence,depend—dependence 4. 在动词后加-er/or构成名词。visit—visitor，read—reader 【跟踪练习】 1. She also hopes her children will get a good _____(educate). 2. The Theater District is a popular tourist _____(attract) in New York City. 3. The boy gave his classmate a _____(describe) of what he had seen on his way toschool. 4. He gave himself a new name to hide his_____(identify). 5. The news is a great _____(encourage) to me. 6. The article are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site ____(suit) for them as well. 7. It is one of the most _____(amaze) TV shows from an artistic point of view. 8. I knew it was going tonhard to find another job in the _____(compete) working market. 9. His acting was so _____(convince) and amusing that everybody couldn’t help bursting into laughter. 10. I will always be _____(thank) that Ihad the opportunity to know them. 四. 高考真题体验 I组(动词的各种时态) 1. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse _____(walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road...(2024新课标I卷) 2. Some of the things that Tang was writing about _____(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. (2024新课标II卷) 2. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). (2024浙江卷1月) 3. As a little girl, I ____(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.(2023新课标II卷) 4. The remarkable development of this city，which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____(mean) there is always something new todiscover here...(2023全国乙卷) 5. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _____(be) previously unprotected...(2022新高考I卷) 3. Henry ____(fix) his car when he heard the screams.(2022新高考II卷) 4. He quickly _____(throw) his tools aside, and started running , arms out.(2022新高考II卷) 5. In the last five cars, Cao _____(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.(2022全国甲卷 II组(动词的被动语态)： 1. Two years later，a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _____(build) at the First Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024新课标II卷) 2. What should _____(do) with such a beautiful place? (2024全国甲卷) 3. Carson proves that a simple literary from that has been passed down through the ages can still _____(employ) today to draw attention to important truths. (2023全国甲卷) 4. Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _____(amaze) by the coexistence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023全国乙卷) 5. The GPNP _____(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosytems…” (2022新高考I卷) III组(动词的词性转换)： 1. In cold weather, the structure stays _____(close) to protect the plants. (2024新课标I卷) 2. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the _____(complete) of their journey. (2024全国甲卷) 3. Since June 2017， right before the ____(arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at zoo… (2023新课标II卷) 4. However， Cason’s theme is a more weighty _____ (warn) about environmental destruction. (2023全国甲卷) 5. The _____(remark) development of this city, which is considered designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world… (2023全国乙卷) 6. They both fell _____ (sleep) while watching TV. (2022新高考II卷) 7. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road , in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). (2022全国甲卷) 8. Strange， isn't it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us _____ (astonish). (2021新高考I卷) 9. A company _____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline wasswitching over to plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. (2021新高考II卷) 10. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become _____ (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. (2021全国乙卷) 五. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 I am an active girl. I like many different kinds of extreme sports, __1__(especial) the parachute (降落伞) sport. It is the most popular and challenging for young people, me___2___ (include). When I jump from a high mountain and then open my parachute, flying above the sky and ____3____ (see) the scenery, I am very happy, ___4___makes me feel as if I were a bird. It is so dangerous, but it can give me ____5___ (differ) experiences. Besides, I also like bungee jumping that ____6___ (choose) by many people. They choose it because it is ____7___ (safe) than the parachute sport, while I choose it because it is also _____8__ (excite). The loss of gravity makes me feel like dying. It is the sense of dying that attracts lots of people. But not everyone is suitable ____9___these adventure sports. The people who have heart disease are not allowed to do ____10___. No matter what kind of sport people try, safety comes first. 2 Oats have grown throughout our world since ancient times but weren't always as appreciated as they are today. They ___1___ (consider) a weed in ancient Egypt and even by the 18th century, English writer Samuel Johnson described __2___ (they) as “fit only for horses”. Nowadays, we know oats are a ___3___(rely) part of a healthy meal, especially at breakfast. So, do you know ___4___ is really so healthy in oatmeal? For one thing, oatmeal is ____5____ (particular) good at controlling LDL or cholesterol (胆固醇). Research shows eating oats regularly can reduce the LDL or cholesterol levels ___6____ about 7%. This is good news for your heart since ___7___ (keep) these levels down also helps reduce the risk of heart disease. If you're trying to lose weight, you cannot find a better ____8___ (choose) than oatmeal. Oatmeal is full of fibre, ___9____ makes you feel full for longer so you don't get tempted by less healthy foods later in the day. Also, fibre helps you digest what you've eaten better and ____10____ (easy). And it can even help you control your blood sugar. All in all, there are lots of lovely things oatmeal can do for your health. 3 Next time you sit down to watch a sad film, put the snacks away. Research shows that we eat up to 55 percent more when ___1__ (watch) a sad movie than a happy one. It is thought that we eat___2__(make) us feel better. With popcorn (爆米花) and ice cream chosen as ___3___ (they) favourite foods by film-goers, the situation suggests bad news for people. Researchers ___4__ (offer) a group of office workers types of snacks while they watched the sad Love Story and Sweet Home Alabama, a ___5__ (cheer), funny film. Researchers said, “After the movies were over and the tears were wiped away, those __6__ had watched Love Story had eaten 36 percent more snacks.” Medical researchers recommend that those not hoping to gain ____7__ (weigh) put snacks out of reach. “Keep snacks out of arm's reach. You'd better leave them in the kitchen __8__only bring to the sofa what you expect to eat. Maybe you can change popcorn and sweets___9__pieces of fruit and vegetables. It's really ____10__ (easy) to become slim by design than by determination.” 4 Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world___1___(warm) than ever before. Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared____2___(they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger___3____threatens their only home. Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice____4___(reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend_____5__ sea ice for their_____6___(survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, ____7__scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist.” ____8____(melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up and polar bears have less time____9___(hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used when the bears are not____10____(active) hunting. 5 Many people agree that going to museums ___1___ (be) a good way of learning about ancient treasures. However, others may find it boring to have time ___2___ (spend) there. Therefore, how to make museums and their lifeless collections more appealing is a tough question worth ___3___ (attach) importance to. Luckily, National Treasure, a TV program ___4___ began to air on Dec. 3, 2017, throws light on ways to inspire interest in museums and their collections. Aiming to make ancient relics to come alive, the program presents treasures through different artistic methods including lots of dramatic___5__ (performance) and storytelling, which explain the history behind each cultural relic ___6___ detail, so that the audience can not only understand how to appreciate the beauty of cultural relics, but also know the civilization and the spirit of Chinese culture. In fact, such programs that promote traditional ancient relics ___7___ (become) popular in recent years. For example, a 2016 documentary featuring the Forbidden City's cultural relics and their restorers, called on many college students ___8___ (apply) to work as volunteers there. ___9__ is universally accepted that National Treasure has been ___10___ (success) in encouraging more people to visit museums by touching their hearts. 6 Auckland, the capital city of New Zealand, is the largest and most populous (人口众多的) urban area in the country. When ____1____(plan) a trip to New Zealand, most people skip over Auckland as a destination. Everyone floods to Queenstown, or heads out____2____(spend) time enjoying themselves in nature. However, as anyone who has visited it knows, there are even ____3____ (many) things to do in Auckland, compared with those in Queenstown. All of these things make____4____ a great destination for all travelers.____5____ you are a backpacker, you will in, particular enjoy the huge range of free and cheap things to do in Auckland, especially in a country which is known____6____ its high living cost. The city's trendy neighborhoods can____7____(explore) on foot, and the skyline can be viewed from the water for the cheap price of a ferry ticket.____8____(particular), you will have the chance to taste____9____(variety) of snacks and the city doesn't shy away from a good happy hour. Give yourself____10____ couple of days to enjoy it, and check out some of our favorite things to do in Auckland. Auckland, you shouldn't miss it! ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$