衔接点02 形容词和副词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，江苏专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点02 形容词和副词 初中视角 高中展望 形容词：掌握形容词作定语、表语的基本位置；理解形容词变副词的规则（-ly）；掌握-ed/-ing形容词的区别；考查形容词比较级/最高级规则变化与基本句型（than, the most）。 副词：掌握时间、地点、方式、程度副词的基本用法；理解副词在句中的位置（句末、句首、动词前后）；考查常见频度副词（always/usually/sometimes）排序。考查形式：综合填空、句型转换，重识记与简单套用。 形容词：重点考查形容词作后置定语、形容词短语作状语（表示伴随/原因）、多个形容词排序、-ed/-ing形容词深层辨析（情感态度）、抽象形容词具体化。 副词：考查副词比较级/最高级特殊用法、频度副词位置对句意的影响、连接副词引导名词性从句、副词短语搭配。 考查形式：语篇语法填空、短文改错、完形填空，注重语境理解与深层辨析。 衔接引导 初中阶段：孤立考查形容词/副词的基本形式与位置，句子简短，答案固定。 高中阶段：三者融合考查，长难句与语篇中综合判断，形容词与副词与其他词类（如介词、连词）融合考查，长难句中需判断修饰关系与逻辑功能，强调词义辨析与语用能力。 【初中形容词和副词考点聚焦】 一、形容词 考点1 形容词的位置与功能 1．The ______(love)girl is my little sister. 【答案】lovely 【解析】girl是名词，前面用形容词修饰，love变lovely（可爱的）。 2．The food smells ______(taste). Would you like some? 【答案】tasty 【解析】smell是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，taste变tasty（美味的）。 3．Is there anything ______（important) in today’s newspaper? 【答案】important 【解析】形容词修饰不定代词时后置，importance变important（重要的）。 考点2 -ed/-ing形容词辨析 4．The movie is very ______(interest). We are all ______(interest)in it. 【答案】interesting；interested 【解析】-ing形容词修饰物（电影本身有趣），-ed形容词修饰人（我们感兴趣）。 5．The ______(excite) news made us ______(excite). 【答案】exciting；excited 【解析】news是物，用exciting修饰；us是人，用excited修饰。 考点3 形容词比较级/最高级 6．This box is ______(big)than that one. 【答案】bigger 【解析】than前用比较级，big变比较级双写g加-er。 7．Tom is the ______(careful)student in our class. 【答案】most careful 【解析】the后接最高级，careful是多音节词，前加most。 二、副词 考点1 副词的构成与位置 1．He runs very ______(quick). 【答案】quickly 【解析】run是动词，用副词修饰，quick变quickly（迅速地）。 2．She speaks English ______(fluent) now. 【答案】fluently 【解析】speak是动词，用副词修饰，fluent变fluently（流利地）。 3．Don’t drive too ______(fast). 【答案】fast 【解析】fast的副词形式与形容词同形。 考点2 频度副词 4．He ______（always）goes to school by bike. 【答案】always 【解析】频度副词放在实义动词前，be动词后。 5．I can ______(hard）understand his words. 【答案】hardly 【解析】hardly表示“几乎不”，是否定副词。 考点3 副词比较级/最高级 6．She sings ______(well) than her sister. 【答案】better 【解析】well的比较级是better。 7．This is the ______(bad) movie I have ever seen. 【答案】worst 【解析】badly的最高级是worst。 【高中形容词和副词考点聚焦】 课标解读 形容词和副词是高中语法的核心，贯穿于语法填空、短文改错及书面表达中。重点考查： 1. 形容词/副词的深层辨析与语境运用； 2. -ed/-ing形容词的情感态度差异； 3. 副词在复杂句中的逻辑功能（连接、转折、强调）。 考点清单 一、形容词的深层用法 1. 形容词作后置定语： 修饰不定代词（something new）、序数词/最高级后（the first person responsible）。 2. 形容词短语作状语： 表示伴随（He stood there, silent）、原因（Tired, she went to bed early）。 3. -ed/-ing形容词辨析： -ing：修饰物，表示“令人……的”（exciting令人兴奋的）； -ed：修饰人，表示“感到……的”（excited感到兴奋的）。 多个形容词排序：限定词+数量+描绘性+大小+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。 二、副词的深层用法 1. 副词比较级/最高级特殊用法： much/even/far+比较级（much better）； by far+最高级（by far the best）。 2. 频度副词位置： 实义动词前（I always go）； be动词后（He is never late）； 助动词与实义动词之间（I have already finished）。 3. 连接副词： when/where/how/why引导名词性从句（I don’t know when he will come）。 4, 副词短语搭配： break down（出故障）、take over（接管）、look into（调查）。 三、形容词与副词的易错点 1. ly结尾的形容词： friendly（友好的）、lovely（可爱的）、lonely（孤独的）等是形容词，不能修饰动词。 2. 形容词变副词的特殊拼写： true→truly（去e加-ly）； full→fully（加-y）； simple→simply（去e加-ly）。 形容词/副词的选择： 系动词后用形容词（feel happy）； 动词后用副词（speak clearly） 一、单词拼写 1. It is one of the most o__________ works of imagination in the language. 2. Those ________ （自主） learners can recognize their learning needs and acquire knowledge by their own efforts. 3. The restaurant was known for its g__________ portions, and many customers left feeling satisfied and full. 4. French people supported the ban of some words to keep the language pure and ________（唯一的）. 5. Anxiety has a m________ and physical influence. 6. Nobody invited Jim to dance at the party and he felt ____________ （忽视）. 7. You can have the bathroom designed to meet your __________ （个人的） needs. 8. I don’t feel e________ enough to rush about, so I’ll sit down. 【答案】1.original 2.independent 3.generous 4.unique 5.mental 6.ignored 7.individual 8.energetic 二、单句语法填空 1. The old woman looks much (happy) now. 2. Chaplin was one of (famous) actors in the world. 3. The students got poor marks this time, so their teacher told them to be (care) next time.4. I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite (challenge). 5. First, he showed us the (base) steps and skills for making delicious bread. 6. The sight is (impress) and it is hugely popular with tourists. 7. (fortune), he missed the train and had to postpone the meeting till the day after tomorrow. 8. Men and women should be treated (equal) in interviews. 9. I think the clever girl can work out the problem (easy). 10. I’m (true) sorry to bring you so much trouble. 【答案】 1.happier 2. the most famous 3. more careful 4. challenging 5. basic 6.impressive 7. Unfortunately 8. equally 9.easily 10.truly 1.happier【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这位老妇人现在看起来开心多了。分析句子结构可知，much修饰形容词比较级，happy的比较级形式是happier，符合语境。故填happier。 2.the most famous【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：卓别林是世界上最著名的演员之一。分析句子可知，“one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最……之一”，所给词famous的最高级形式为the most famous，符合语境。故填the most famous。 3.more careful【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这次学生们的成绩很差，所以他们的老师告诉他们下次要更细心一些。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，结合语境“下次”可知，此处有与“这次”对比的含义，应用形容词的比较级形式，“care”的形容词形式为“careful”，其比较级是“more careful”，符合语境。故填more careful。 4.challenging【解析】考查形容词。句意：大部分课程我都很喜欢，但有些课程很有挑战性。空处作表语，应用challenge的形容词形式challenging，意为“有挑战性的”。故填challenging。 5. basic【解析】考查形容词。句意：首先，他向我们展示了制作美味面包的基本步骤和技巧。修饰名词steps应用形容词basic，作定语。故填basic。 6. impressive【解析】考查形容词。句意：这一景象令人印象深刻，深受游客欢迎。空处应填形容词作表语，impressive“令人印象深刻的”，形容词，故填impressive。 7. Unfortunately【解析】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，他错过了火车，不得不将会议推迟到后天。此处需要使用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，“fortunate”副词形式为“fortunately”，根据“he missed the train”可知，此处表达“不幸的是”。故填Unfortunately。 8. equally【解析】考查副词。句意：在面试中应平等对待男性和女性。修饰动词应用副词equally，作状语。故填equally。 9. easily【解析】考查副词。句意：我认为这个聪明的女孩能轻松地解出这道题。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词easily“容易地”，修饰动词短语work out。故填easily。 10. truly【解析】 考查副词。句意：我真的很抱歉给你带来这么多麻烦。提示词修饰形容词sorry，用副词“truly”作状语，表示“真正地，确实地”。故填truly。 一、语法填空（形容词和副词专练） When I was in primary school, I was a very 1. ________ (shy) girl. I always sat in the corner of the classroom and kept silent. One day, my teacher asked me to read a passage in front of the class. I felt extremely 2. ________ (nerve) and my face turned bright red. However, my teacher encouraged me with a 3. ________ (warmth) smile. She said, “Don’t be afraid. You can do it 4. ________ (perfect)”. Her words made me feel increasingly 5. ________ (confidence). I took a deep breath and began to read. To my great surprise, I did it 6. ________ (well) than I had expected. The whole class clapped for me, which made me feel 7. ________ (happy) than ever before. From then on, I became more and more 8 . ________(outgoing). I realized that sometimes a simple encouragement can make a 9. ________ (big) difference. Now, I can stand on the stage 10 . ________(brave) and share my stories with others. 【答案】1. shy 2. nervous 3. warm 4. perfectly 5. confident 6. better 7. happier 8. outgoing 9. big 10. bravely 1. shy【解析】girl是名词，前面用形容词修饰，shy本身就是形容词（害羞的），无需变形。 2. nervous【解析】felt是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，nervous是形容词（紧张的）。 3. warm【解析】smile是名词，用形容词修饰，warm就是形容词（温暖的）。 4. perfectly【解析】do是动词，用副词修饰，perfect变副词加-ly。 5. confident【解析】made me feel是系表结构，feel后接形容词作表语，confidence变形容词confident。 6. better【解析】than前用比较级，well的比较级是better。 7. happier【解析】than前用比较级，happy变比较级变y为i再加er。 8. outgoing【解析】became是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，outgoing本身就是形容词（外向的）。 9. big【解析】difference是名词，前面用形容词修饰，make a big difference是固定搭配（产生巨大影响）。 10. bravely【解析】stand是动词，用副词修饰，brave变副词去e加-ly。 二、短文改错（形容词和副词专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 () 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 Last week, I had a wonderfully trip with my classmates. We felt very exciting when we got to the top of the mountain. The air there was much fresh than that in the city. We walked slow along the path and took lots of photos. The guide spoke loud so that everyone could hear him clear. He told us some interested stories about the mountain. At noon, we had a picnic. The food tasted well. We talked and laughed happy. It was the most unforgettable experience that I had ever had. I hope we can organize such kind of activity regular. 【答案】1. wonderfully → wonderful 2. exciting → excited 3. much fresh → much fresher 4. slow → slowly 5. .loud → loudly 6. clear → clearly 7. interested → interesting 8.well → good 9.happy → happily 10. regular → regularly 1.wonderfully → wonderful【解析】修饰名词 trip 用形容词，副词不能修饰名词。 2.exciting → excited【解析】修饰人（we）的感受用 **-ed 形容词 **；修饰事物用 - ing 形容词。 3.much fresh → much fresher【解析】句中有than，必须用比较级；much 可修饰比较级。 4.slow → slowly【解析】修饰动词 walked 用副词，形容词不能作方式状语。 5.loud → loudly【解析】修饰动词 spoke 用副词，表示大声地。 6.clear → clearly【解析】修饰动词 hear 用副词，表示清楚地。 7.interested → interesting【解析】修饰事物 stories 用 **-ing 形容词 **，表示 “令人感兴趣的”。 8.well → good【解析】taste 是系动词，后接形容词作表语；well 作形容词仅指 “身体好”。 9.happy → happily【解析】修饰动词 laughed 用副词，表示开心地。 10.regular → regularly【解析】修饰动词 organize 用副词，表示定期地、经常地。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点02 形容词和副词 初中视角 高中展望 形容词：掌握形容词作定语、表语的基本位置；理解形容词变副词的规则（-ly）；掌握-ed/-ing形容词的区别；考查形容词比较级/最高级规则变化与基本句型（than, the most）。 副词：掌握时间、地点、方式、程度副词的基本用法；理解副词在句中的位置（句末、句首、动词前后）；考查常见频度副词（always/usually/sometimes）排序。考查形式：综合填空、句型转换，重识记与简单套用。 形容词：重点考查形容词作后置定语、形容词短语作状语（表示伴随/原因）、多个形容词排序、-ed/-ing形容词深层辨析（情感态度）、抽象形容词具体化。 副词：考查副词比较级/最高级特殊用法、频度副词位置对句意的影响、连接副词引导名词性从句、副词短语搭配。 考查形式：语篇语法填空、短文改错、完形填空，注重语境理解与深层辨析。 衔接引导 初中阶段：孤立考查形容词/副词的基本形式与位置，句子简短，答案固定。 高中阶段：三者融合考查，长难句与语篇中综合判断，形容词与副词与其他词类（如介词、连词）融合考查，长难句中需判断修饰关系与逻辑功能，强调词义辨析与语用能力。 【初中形容词和副词考点聚焦】 一、形容词 考点1 形容词的位置与功能 1．The ______(love)girl is my little sister. 2．The food smells ______(taste). Would you like some? 3．Is there anything ______（important) in today’s newspaper? 考点2 -ed/-ing形容词辨析 4．The movie is very ______(interest). We are all ______(interest)in it. 5．The ______(excite) news made us ______(excite). 考点3 形容词比较级/最高级 6．This box is ______(big)than that one. 7．Tom is the ______(careful)student in our class. 二、副词 考点1 副词的构成与位置 1．He runs very ______(quick). 2．She speaks English ______(fluent) now. 3．Don’t drive too ______(fast). 考点2 频度副词 4．He ______（always）goes to school by bike. 5．I can ______(hard）understand his words. 考点3 副词比较级/最高级 6．She sings ______(well) than her sister. 7．This is the ______(bad) movie I have ever seen. 【高中形容词和副词考点聚焦】 课标解读 形容词和副词是高中语法的核心，贯穿于语法填空、短文改错及书面表达中。重点考查： 1. 形容词/副词的深层辨析与语境运用； 2. -ed/-ing形容词的情感态度差异； 3. 副词在复杂句中的逻辑功能（连接、转折、强调）。 考点清单 一、形容词的深层用法 1. 形容词作后置定语： 修饰不定代词（something new）、序数词/最高级后（the first person responsible）。 2. 形容词短语作状语： 表示伴随（He stood there, silent）、原因（Tired, she went to bed early）。 3. -ed/-ing形容词辨析： -ing：修饰物，表示“令人……的”（exciting令人兴奋的）； -ed：修饰人，表示“感到……的”（excited感到兴奋的）。 多个形容词排序：限定词+数量+描绘性+大小+形状+年龄+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。 二、副词的深层用法 1. 副词比较级/最高级特殊用法： much/even/far+比较级（much better）； by far+最高级（by far the best）。 2. 频度副词位置： 实义动词前（I always go）； be动词后（He is never late）； 助动词与实义动词之间（I have already finished）。 3. 连接副词： when/where/how/why引导名词性从句（I don’t know when he will come）。 4, 副词短语搭配： break down（出故障）、take over（接管）、look into（调查）。 三、形容词与副词的易错点 1. ly结尾的形容词： friendly（友好的）、lovely（可爱的）、lonely（孤独的）等是形容词，不能修饰动词。 2. 形容词变副词的特殊拼写： true→truly（去e加-ly）； full→fully（加-y）； simple→simply（去e加-ly）。 形容词/副词的选择： 系动词后用形容词（feel happy）； 动词后用副词（speak clearly） 一、单词拼写 1. It is one of the most o__________ works of imagination in the language. 2. Those ________ （自主） learners can recognize their learning needs and acquire knowledge by their own efforts. 3. The restaurant was known for its g__________ portions, and many customers left feeling satisfied and full. 4. French people supported the ban of some words to keep the language pure and ________（唯一的）. 5. Anxiety has a m________ and physical influence. 6. Nobody invited Jim to dance at the party and he felt ____________ （忽视）. 7. You can have the bathroom designed to meet your __________ （个人的） needs. 8. I don’t feel e________ enough to rush about, so I’ll sit down. 二、单句语法填空 1. The old woman looks much (happy) now. 2. Chaplin was one of (famous) actors in the world. 3. The students got poor marks this time, so their teacher told them to be (care) next time.4. I enjoyed most of the classes, but some of them were quite (challenge). 5. First, he showed us the (base) steps and skills for making delicious bread. 6. The sight is (impress) and it is hugely popular with tourists. 7. (fortune), he missed the train and had to postpone the meeting till the day after tomorrow. 8. Men and women should be treated (equal) in interviews. 9. I think the clever girl can work out the problem (easy). 10. I’m (true) sorry to bring you so much trouble. 一、语法填空（形容词和副词专练） When I was in primary school, I was a very 1. ________ (shy) girl. I always sat in the corner of the classroom and kept silent. One day, my teacher asked me to read a passage in front of the class. I felt extremely 2. ________ (nerve) and my face turned bright red. However, my teacher encouraged me with a 3. ________ (warmth) smile. She said, “Don’t be afraid. You can do it 4. ________ (perfect)”. Her words made me feel increasingly 5. ________ (confidence). I took a deep breath and began to read. To my great surprise, I did it 6. ________ (well) than I had expected. The whole class clapped for me, which made me feel 7. ________ (happy) than ever before. From then on, I became more and more 8 . ________(outgoing). I realized that sometimes a simple encouragement can make a 9. ________ (big) difference. Now, I can stand on the stage 10 . ________(brave) and share my stories with others. 二、短文改错（形容词和副词专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 () 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 Last week, I had a wonderfully trip with my classmates. We felt very exciting when we got to the top of the mountain. The air there was much fresh than that in the city. We walked slow along the path and took lots of photos. The guide spoke loud so that everyone could hear him clear. He told us some interested stories about the mountain. At noon, we had a picnic. The food tasted well. We talked and laughed happy. It was the most unforgettable experience that I had ever had. I hope we can organize such kind of activity regular. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $