衔接点01 名词、 冠词和介词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，江苏专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点01 名词、冠词和介词 初中视角 高中展望 名词：掌握可数名词单复数、不可数名词、名词所有格基础用法；考查简单名词变形、基础搭配与单句判断。 冠词：掌握 a/an/the/ 零冠词基本用法，如泛指、特指、乐器/球类/三餐固定搭配。 介词：掌握 in/on/at/to/for/with 等基础用法，用于时间、地点、方式、方向等简单表达。 考查形式：综合填空、句型转换，重识记与简单套用。 名词：重点考查名词单复数特殊变形、抽象名词具体化、名词作定语、名词所有格进阶用法、熟词生义与长语境搭配。 冠词：侧重抽象名词具体化、比较级 / 最高级前特殊用法、固定习语、类指/专指精细区分。 介词：考查一词多义、动 /形容词/名词与介词固定搭配、复合介词、语篇中逻辑与修饰关系。 考查形式：语篇语法填空、短文改错、完形填空，注重灵活运用与语境理解。 衔接引导 初中阶段：孤立考查单一名词/冠词/介词，句子简短、语境单一，答案固定。 高中阶段：三者融合考查，长难句与语篇中综合判断，强调搭配、逻辑与抽象语义。 【初中名词、冠词和介词考点聚焦】 一、名词 考点1 名词的数 1．Many ______ (visit) come to Suzhou every year to enjoy its beautiful gardens. 2．Good ______ (communicate) is important between teenagers and parents. 3．The little boy has collected hundreds of ______ (leaf) in different colors. 考点2 名词所有格 4．Look at the two bikes. They are ________ (Lucy and Lily). 5．These are ________ (Tom and Peter) bedrooms. They don’t share one. 6．The ________ (girl) bags are under the tree. 考点3 名词作主宾表补定 7．I like these ________ (tomato) very much. 8．My favorite subject is ________ (China). 9．There are two ________ (woman teacher) in our classroom. 二、冠词 考点1 不定冠词 1．This is ______ useful book for learning English grammar. 2．She wants to be ______ actress when she grows up. 3．There is ______ “h” in the word “hour”. 考点2 定冠词 4．______ sun rises in the east every day. 5．I often play ______ piano in my free time. 6．______ rich should help the people in need. 考点3 零冠词 7．We usually have ______ dinner at 7 o’clock in the evening. 8．They often play ______ football after school. 9．He goes to ______ school by bike every morning. 三、介词 考点1 时间介词 1．We usually have a class meeting ______ Monday afternoon. 2．My parents always get up early ______ the morning. 3．The meeting will start ______ 9:00 a.m. tomorrow. 考点2 地点介词 4．There is a map ______ the wall in our classroom. 5．You can see many apples ______ the tree. 6．My uncle lives ______ a small village with his family. 考点3 固定搭配 7．Thank you ______ helping me with my math homework. 8． I usually go to the park ______ my parents on weekends. 9．It’s very important ______ us to learn English well. 【高中名词、冠词和介词考点聚焦】 课标解读 名词、冠词与介词是高中语法的基础，贯穿于语法填空、短文改错及书面表达中。重点考查： 1. 名词的深层复数变化及所有格； 2. 冠词的泛指、特指、类指及抽象名词具体化； 3. 介词的语义辨析及复杂搭配。 考点清单 一、名词的深层用法 1.不规则复数： 单复数同形：sheep, deer, fish（fish作“鱼肉”不可数，作“鱼的条数”单复数同形，作“鱼的种类”复数加-es）。 变元音字母：man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth。 -f/-fe结尾变-ves：knife→knives, life→lives, wolf→wolves（例外：roof→roofs）。 -o结尾：有生命的加-es（potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes），无生命的加-s（photo→photos, piano→pianos）。 2.合成名词复数：以主体名词变复数（looker-on→lookers-on），无主体名词在词尾加-s（grown-up→grown-ups）。 所有格： 共同所有格：Tom and Jerry’s car 分别所有格：Tom’s and Jerry’s cars 双重所有格：a friend of my father’s 二、冠词的深层用法 1.不定冠词a/an的特殊用法： 抽象名词具体化：a success（一个成功的人/事），a surprise（一件令人惊讶的事），a pity（一件遗憾的事）。 例：The party was a great success. 类指：A horse is a useful animal. 序数词前表“再一”：a second chance（又一次机会）。 2.定冠词the的特殊用法： 形容词前表一类人：the rich（富人），the poor（穷人），the wounded（伤员）。 乐器、序数词、最高级前：play the violin, the first, the best。 世界上独一无二的事物：the earth, the moon。 江河湖海、山脉群岛：the Yangtze River, the Pacific Ocean。 3.零冠词的特殊场合： 疾病名称前：have a fever, have a cold（感冒）。 语言名称前：speak English（但：the English language）。 大学名称前：Peking University（但：the University of Oxford）。 三、介词的深层辨析 1.时间介词： in + 一段时间：in two days（两天后）。 after + 时间点：after 5:00（5点后）。 by + 时间点：by next week（到下周为止，动作已完成）。 2.地点介词： in the tree（外来物在树上，如人、猫）；on the tree（树上长出的东西，如苹果、叶子）。 at the bus stop（具体点）；in the street（大范围街道）；on the road（公路/马路）。 3.介词+which/whom： The book on which I spent $10 is interesting.(= The book which I spent $10 on...) The man to whom you spoke is my teacher.(= The man who you spoke to...) 一、单词拼写 1. He had a pleasant evening in the c__________ of friends. 2. The m__________ play a major role in influencing people’s opinions. 3. When it comes to campus ________ （安全）, we have to take it seriously. 4. Put simply, _________（潜力） is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough 5. She placed the gift in the drawer as a r______ of her determination. 二、单句语法填空 1. Program has been launched to save species of crocodile from extinction. 2. Lu Xun, great Chinese writer of novels, essays and short stories, is well thought of for his unique and sharp writing style. 3. I could feel it already — the Carnival was in air! 4. The teacher asked us to write a composition about importance of protecting the environment. 5. To put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed. 6. Her father was a doctor and threw (he) into fighting the epidemic. 7. To our great relief, the army immediately came to (they) rescue. 8. After months of training, the athlete was peak physical shape. 9.Last but not least, always look the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. 10.Take advantage your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities. 一、语法填空（名词、冠词和介词专练） I have a good friend. He is 1. ________ 11-year-old boy. He comes from a small village. Every year, many 2. ________ (visit) go to his village because of its beautiful mountains and clean water. He is good at playing 3. ________ piano. He practices it for two hours every day. He usually gets up 4. ________ six o’clock in the morning. After breakfast, he goes to school 5. ________ foot. At school, his favorite subject is science. He thinks 6. ________ (knowledge) is very important. He also likes making 7. ________ (friend) with others. All the teachers and classmates like him. ________ weekend, he often helps his parents do some housework. He often says, “My hometown is 9. ________ great place. I am looking forward to 10. ________ (show) you around it one day.” 二、短文改错（名词、冠词和介词专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 () 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 Last week, I took part in an important activity. It was held on last Saturday in a park. There were thousand of students from different school. We went there by a bus. At a park, we did many interested things. First, we visited a history museum. A guide told us old stories about a city. Then, we played football on the grass. Before lunch, we had rest under a big tree. I had great time that day. It was one of most wonderful experience in my life. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点01 名词、冠词和介词 初中视角 高中展望 名词：掌握可数名词单复数、不可数名词、名词所有格基础用法；考查简单名词变形、基础搭配与单句判断。 冠词：掌握 a/an/the/ 零冠词基本用法，如泛指、特指、乐器/球类/三餐固定搭配。 介词：掌握 in/on/at/to/for/with 等基础用法，用于时间、地点、方式、方向等简单表达。 考查形式：综合填空、句型转换，重识记与简单套用。 名词：重点考查名词单复数特殊变形、抽象名词具体化、名词作定语、名词所有格进阶用法、熟词生义与长语境搭配。 冠词：侧重抽象名词具体化、比较级 / 最高级前特殊用法、固定习语、类指/专指精细区分。 介词：考查一词多义、动 /形容词/名词与介词固定搭配、复合介词、语篇中逻辑与修饰关系。 考查形式：语篇语法填空、短文改错、完形填空，注重灵活运用与语境理解。 衔接引导 初中阶段：孤立考查单一名词/冠词/介词，句子简短、语境单一，答案固定。 高中阶段：三者融合考查，长难句与语篇中综合判断，强调搭配、逻辑与抽象语义。 【初中名词、冠词和介词考点聚焦】 一、名词 考点1 名词的数 1．Many ______ (visit) come to Suzhou every year to enjoy its beautiful gardens. 【答案】visitors 【解析】many 后接可数名词复数，visit 变为表示人的名词 visitor，复数加 -s。 2．Good ______ (communicate) is important between teenagers and parents. 【答案】communication 【解析】形容词 good 后接名词，communicate 的名词形式是 communication（不可数）。 3．The little boy has collected hundreds of ______ (leaf) in different colors. 【答案】leaves 【解析】hundreds of 后接复数，leaf 变复数把 f 变为 ves。 考点2 名词所有格 4．Look at the two bikes. They are ________ (Lucy and Lily). 【答案】Lucy and Lily’s 【解析】表示两人共同拥有，只在最后一个名词后加’s。 5．These are ________ (Tom and Peter) bedrooms. They don’t share one. 【答案】Tom’s and Peter’s 【解析】表示两人分别拥有，两个名词后都要加 ’s。 6．The ________ (girl) bags are under the tree. 【答案】girls’ 【解析】以s结尾的复数名词，所有格直接在词尾加 ’。 考点3 名词作主宾表补定 7．I like these ________ (tomato) very much. 【答案】tomatoes 【解析】these 后接可数名词复数，tomato 复数加 es。 8．My favorite subject is ________ (China). 【答案】Chinese 【解析】此处作表语，表示 “语文”，用 Chinese。 9．There are two ________ (woman teacher) in our classroom. 【答案】women teachers 【解析】man/woman 修饰复数名词时，前后都要变复数。 二、冠词 考点1 不定冠词 1．This is ______ useful book for learning English grammar. 【答案】a 【解析】useful 以辅音音素开头，泛指 “一本有用的书”，用不定冠词 a。 2．She wants to be ______ actress when she grows up. 【答案】an 【解析】actress 以元音音素开头，泛指 “一名女演员”，用不定冠词 an。 3．There is ______ “h” in the word “hour”. 【答案】an 【解析】字母 “h” 以元音音素开头，泛指 “一个字母 h”，用不定冠词 an。 考点2 定冠词 4．______ sun rises in the east every day. 【答案】The 【解析】世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the，句首首字母大写。 5．I often play ______ piano in my free time. 【答案】the 【解析】乐器名词前必须加定冠词 the，play the piano 为固定搭配。 6．______ rich should help the people in need. 【答案】The 【解析】“the + 形容词” 表示一类人，the rich 意为 “富人”，句首首字母大写。 考点3 零冠词 7．We usually have ______ dinner at 7 o’clock in the evening. 【答案】/ 【解析】一日三餐名词前不加冠词，have dinner 为固定搭配。 8．They often play ______ football after school. 【答案】/ 【解析】球类运动名词前不加冠词，play football 为固定搭配。 9．He goes to ______ school by bike every morning. 【答案】/ 【解析】go to school 为固定短语，意为 “去上学”，school 前不加冠词。 三、介词 考点1 时间介词 1．We usually have a class meeting ______ Monday afternoon. 【答案】on 【解析】具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上前用介词 on。 2．My parents always get up early ______ the morning. 【答案】in 【解析】泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上前用介词 in。 3．The meeting will start ______ 9:00 a.m. tomorrow. 【答案】at 【解析】具体时刻前用介词 at。 考点2 地点介词 4．There is a map ______ the wall in our classroom. 【答案】on 【解析】表示 “在墙的表面上” 用介词 on。 5．You can see many apples ______ the tree. 【答案】on 【解析】树上本身长的果实用 on the tree。 6．My uncle lives ______ a small village with his family. 【答案】in 【解析】表示 “在村庄里”，大地点前用介词 in。 考点3 固定搭配 7．Thank you ______ helping me with my math homework. 【答案】for 【解析】thank you for doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “因做某事感谢你”。 8． I usually go to the park ______ my parents on weekends. 【答案】with 【解析】with sb. 为固定搭配，意为 “和某人一起”。 9．It’s very important ______ us to learn English well. 【答案】for 【解析】It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 为固定句型，意为 “对某人来说做某事是…… 的”。 【高中名词、冠词和介词考点聚焦】 课标解读 名词、冠词与介词是高中语法的基础，贯穿于语法填空、短文改错及书面表达中。重点考查： 1. 名词的深层复数变化及所有格； 2. 冠词的泛指、特指、类指及抽象名词具体化； 3. 介词的语义辨析及复杂搭配。 考点清单 一、名词的深层用法 1.不规则复数： 单复数同形：sheep, deer, fish（fish作“鱼肉”不可数，作“鱼的条数”单复数同形，作“鱼的种类”复数加-es）。 变元音字母：man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth。 -f/-fe结尾变-ves：knife→knives, life→lives, wolf→wolves（例外：roof→roofs）。 -o结尾：有生命的加-es（potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes），无生命的加-s（photo→photos, piano→pianos）。 2.合成名词复数：以主体名词变复数（looker-on→lookers-on），无主体名词在词尾加-s（grown-up→grown-ups）。 所有格： 共同所有格：Tom and Jerry’s car 分别所有格：Tom’s and Jerry’s cars 双重所有格：a friend of my father’s 二、冠词的深层用法 1.不定冠词a/an的特殊用法： 抽象名词具体化：a success（一个成功的人/事），a surprise（一件令人惊讶的事），a pity（一件遗憾的事）。 例：The party was a great success. 类指：A horse is a useful animal. 序数词前表“再一”：a second chance（又一次机会）。 2.定冠词the的特殊用法： 形容词前表一类人：the rich（富人），the poor（穷人），the wounded（伤员）。 乐器、序数词、最高级前：play the violin, the first, the best。 世界上独一无二的事物：the earth, the moon。 江河湖海、山脉群岛：the Yangtze River, the Pacific Ocean。 3.零冠词的特殊场合： 疾病名称前：have a fever, have a cold（感冒）。 语言名称前：speak English（但：the English language）。 大学名称前：Peking University（但：the University of Oxford）。 三、介词的深层辨析 1.时间介词： in + 一段时间：in two days（两天后）。 after + 时间点：after 5:00（5点后）。 by + 时间点：by next week（到下周为止，动作已完成）。 2.地点介词： in the tree（外来物在树上，如人、猫）；on the tree（树上长出的东西，如苹果、叶子）。 at the bus stop（具体点）；in the street（大范围街道）；on the road（公路/马路）。 3.介词+which/whom： The book on which I spent $10 is interesting.(= The book which I spent $10 on...) The man to whom you spoke is my teacher.(= The man who you spoke to...) 一、单词拼写 1. He had a pleasant evening in the c__________ of friends. 2. The m__________ play a major role in influencing people’s opinions. 3. When it comes to campus ________ （安全）, we have to take it seriously. 4. Put simply, _________（潜力） is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough 5. She placed the gift in the drawer as a r______ of her determination. 【答案】1.company 2.media 3.security 4.potential 5.reminder 二、单句语法填空 1. Program has been launched to save species of crocodile from extinction. 2. Lu Xun, great Chinese writer of novels, essays and short stories, is well thought of for his unique and sharp writing style. 3. I could feel it already — the Carnival was in air! 4. The teacher asked us to write a composition about importance of protecting the environment. 5. To put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed. 6. Her father was a doctor and threw (he) into fighting the epidemic. 7. To our great relief, the army immediately came to (they) rescue. 8. After months of training, the athlete was peak physical shape. 9.Last but not least, always look the bright side and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. 10.Take advantage your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities. 【答案】 1.the 2. a 3. the 4. the 5. it 6.himself 7. their 8. in 9. on 10. of 1.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：一项保护这种鳄鱼物种免于灭绝的计划已经启动。species为单数概念，此处特指“这种鳄鱼物种”，应用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。 2.a【解析】考查冠词。句意：鲁迅，一位杰出的中国小说、散文及短篇小说作家，因其独特的、犀利的写作风格而备受推崇。此处writer为泛指，且great是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 3.the【解析】考查冠词。句意：我已经能感觉到了——狂欢节的气氛弥漫在空气中！in the air是固定短语，表示“（气氛、感觉）弥漫在空气中，到处都是”。故填the。 4.the【解析】考查冠词。importance是抽象名词，此处特指“保护环境的重要性”，加the。 5. it【解析】考查代词。句意：简单地说，潜力是你可以开发的自然能力。to put it simply“简单地说”，固定短语，故填it。 6. himself【解析】考查反身代词。句意：他的父亲是一名医生，投身于抗击疫情之中。根据句意，此处和主语是同一人，用反身代词作宾语，throw oneself into“积极投入到……中去”，是固定短语，故填himself。7. their【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：令我们大为宽慰的是，军队立即前来营救他们。分析句子可知，名词前应填入形容词性物主代词。come to one’s rescue是固定搭配，意为“救助某人”。they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。 8. in【解析】考查介词。句意：经过数月训练，这位运动员身体处于最佳状态。“in peak physical shape”是固定搭配，意为“身体处于最佳状态” ，“in”在这里表示“处于……状态”。故填in。 9. on【解析】考查介词。句意：最后但并非最不重要的是，总是看到光明的一面，永远不要失去希望，即使在困难的情况下。固定短语look on the bright side表示“看到光明的一面，对事物抱乐观态度”。故填on。 10. of【解析】考查介词。句意：好好利用你的课程，向老师和同学学习，并充分利用我们学校的设施。take advantage of是固定短语，意为“利用”，因此空格处是介词of，故填of。 一、语法填空（名词、冠词和介词专练） I have a good friend. He is 1. ________ 11-year-old boy. He comes from a small village. Every year, many 2. ________ (visit) go to his village because of its beautiful mountains and clean water. He is good at playing 3. ________ piano. He practices it for two hours every day. He usually gets up 4. ________ six o’clock in the morning. After breakfast, he goes to school 5. ________ foot. At school, his favorite subject is science. He thinks 6. ________ (knowledge) is very important. He also likes making 7. ________ (friend) with others. All the teachers and classmates like him. ________ weekend, he often helps his parents do some housework. He often says, “My hometown is 9. ________ great place. I am looking forward to 10. ________ (show) you around it one day.” 【答案】1. an 2. visitors 3. the 4. at 5. on 6. knowledge 7. friends 8. On 9. a 10. showing 1. an【解析】11（eleven）以元音音素开头，泛指 “一个 11 岁的男孩”，用不定冠词 an。 2. visitors【解析】many 后接可数名词复数，visit 变为 visitor，复数加 - s。 3. the【解析】乐器名词前必须加定冠词 the，play the piano 为固定搭配。 4. at【解析】具体时刻前用介词 at。 5. on【解析】on foot 为固定短语，意为 “步行”。 6. knowledge【解析】此处作主语，为不可数名词，用原形。 7. friends【解析】make friends 为固定搭配，意为 “交朋友”。 8. On【解析】on weekends 为固定搭配，意为 “在周末”，句首首字母大写。 9. a【解析】泛指 “一个好地方”，great 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。 10. showing【解析】look forward to doing sth. 为固定搭配，to 是介词，后接动名词。 二、短文改错（名词、冠词和介词专练） 文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 () 划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 Last week, I took part in an important activity. It was held on last Saturday in a park. There were thousand of students from different school. We went there by a bus. At a park, we did many interested things. First, we visited a history museum. A guide told us old stories about a city. Then, we played football on the grass. Before lunch, we had rest under a big tree. I had great time that day. It was one of most wonderful experience in my life. 【答案】1. 去掉 on 2. thousand →thousands 3. school → schools 4. 去掉 a 5. a park → the park 6. a city → the city 7. had rest → had a rest 8.had great time → had a great time 9. most → the most 10. experience → experiences 1.去掉 on【解析】last/next/this/that + 时间名词前不加介词。 2.thousand →thousands【解析】thousands of 固定搭配，表示 “成千上万的”。 3.school → schools【解析】different 后接可数名词复数。 4.去掉 a【解析】by + 交通工具，中间不加冠词（by bus）。 5.a park → the park【解析】再次提到上文事物，用 the 表特指。 6.a city → the city【解析】特指活动所在的城市，用定冠词 the。 7.had rest → had a rest【解析】固定短语 have a rest（休息一下）。 8.had great time → had a great time【解析】固定短语 have a great time（玩得开心）。 9.most → the most【解析】形容词最高级前必须加 the。 10.experience → experiences【解析】此处表示 “经历”，可数名词；one of 后用复数。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $