专题1 模拟精练-题组4 词义猜测(实战册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

0专题1阅读理解 题组四词义猜测 Passage18(2025福建福州二模，C) 主题：人与动物答案：P420 Once widely distributed worldwide,peregrine falcon()numbers began to decline after World War II due to substances to kill harmful insects,which weakened the birds'eggshells( )They were placed on the endangered species list in 1970.In Yosemite,the last known pair were seen in 1941. The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)banned most uses of chemicals in 1974.In 1978,four climbers discovered an active peregrine falcon nest on Yosemite's El Capitan,marking its return to the area after decades.They reported their find to conservationists, who came up with an ambitious plan,enlisting climbers'help to collect eggshell samples for testing. The eggs were delicate,so researchers decided to hatch them in a laboratory,then return the chicks to the nest.Rock climbers helped with this,too,but much to the chagrin of the protective peregrine falcon parents:As the climbers carefully removed eggs or replaced chicks,the falcons dive-bombed them-one bird even attacked a climber and struck his back- pack. For decades,climbers and the park service have teamed up to help protect the bird.The park temporarily closes the climbing routes during egg-laying seasons.Buffer zones are created to prevent helicopters(直升机)from getting too close. Peregrine falcons were removed from the endangered species list in 1999.As many as 40,000 individuals may now be flying freely in North America,and their numbers are on the rise."Peregrines are at the top of the food chain,"says Frank Dean,president of Yosemite Conservancy."So to have them bounce back is a sign of the health of the entire Yosemite ecosystem.” Rock climbers and peregrine falcons could easily be in conflict,since rock climbing can disturb nesting falcons and is listed as a potential threat to the species.But instead,they have formed an unlikely partnership without which peregrine falcons might still be struggling to gain a foothold in Yosemite.The birds'recovery is a rare success story of humans prioritizing the needs of other species above their own. 1.What led to the decline of peregrine falcons? A.Climbing business. B.Chemical use. C.Commercial hunting D.Climate change. 2.What does the underlined word“chagrin'”mean in paragraph3？ A.Displeasure B.Disappointment C.Delight. D.Relief. 3.Which can best describe the recovery work? A.Tiring and inadequate. B.Demanding and fruitless. C.Risky but productive. D.Conventional but incredible. 4.What message does the text deliver? A.Human prioritizing wildlife's need is rare. B.People's behaviors disturb natural balance. C.Unique teamwork adds richness to ecosystem. D.Extinct birds'comeback is a natural evolution. 93 实战册 实战高考·英语 Passage19(2025河北承德一模，D) 主题：生物与农业答案：P421 Earthworms()are well-known for their ability to enrich and improve soil.Yet,their precise impact on plant growth has remained a mystery.Now,two groundbreaking studies have found that they not only boost crop yields (but also protect plants from harmful microplastics. In late 2023,a research team from Colorado State University (CSU)reported that earth- worms are responsible for 6.5 percentor 140 million tonsof global food production annually. This is comparable to Russia's annual grain harvest,which is the world's fourth largest. CSU's Steven Fonte and his team drew this conclusion after a comprehensive study.They surveyed earthworm populations,soil qualities,and crop yields from around the world.The researchers focused on four grains-rice,maize,wheat,and barley. The team found that the earthworms'impact was significant in developing countries.For example,they helped increase grain yields by 10 percent in sub-Saharan Africa and 8 percent in Latin America.Fonte and his team believe farmers in these regions likely lack easy access to chemical fertilizers().This makes them more reliant on earthworm-rich organic matter, such as manure. "Earthworms are contributing a lot to these areas where we have fewer chemical inputs," Fonte said."If we manage our soils in a more sustainable way,we can make better use of this biodiversity and produce more sustainable agroecosystems." Earthworms help plant growth in several ways.Their burrowing creates channels that loosen the soil and let in fresh air.This allows water to run down from the surface and be stored underground.The earthworms'constant movement helps mix the soil's organic matter, making the nutrients more available to plants. In a 2024 study,scientists at Nankai University found that earthworms can also protect plants from microplastic pollution.The researchers tested this by placing tomato plants in soil polluted by tiny plastics.They found that when earthworms were present,the plants grew well despite the pollution.They were also able to drive away common plant-eating insects.The scientists believe that earthworms help boost the tomato plants'immune systems.This makes them better withstand environmental changes. 1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A.The methods used in the study. B.The impact of microplastics on crops. C.The types of grains studied in the research. D.Earthworms'contribution to global food output. 2.What is one benefit of managing soil with earthworms? A.Greater crop diversity. B.More sustainable farming. C.Richer organic matter. D.Enough chemical fertilizer supply 3.What does the underlined word "burrowing"in paragraph 6 mean? A.Transporting. B.Resting. C.Growing. D.Digging. 4.What did the Nankai University study find about earthworms? A.They killed insects harmful to plants. B.They helped carry away microplastics. C.They protected plants from environmental stress. D.They grew well in spite of environmental pollution. 94■ 0专题1阅读理解 Passage20(2025江苏南通一模，D) 主题：太空探索与生命科学答案：P421 In Morten Tyldum's movie Passengers,characters Jim Preston and Aurora Lane are on a 120-year interstellar journey with 5,000 other people.Their destination:Homestead II,a new world to start their lives anew.To survive the travel,passengers entered hibernation(), each one frozen in their own pod.However,something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early.But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora? Hibernation is a state in which living organisms slow down their metabolic(新陈代谢的) processes while maintaining essential functions.Once inside these pods,astronauts will get drugs to adjust metabolism,reduce core temperature,and cause inactivity.Once back on Earth, they will wake up and gradually readopt their normal functional metabolism. To go to Mars,astronauts would require about 30 kg of food,water,air,and other supplies per day.Thus,hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs.Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn't get bored,stressed,or lonely,and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained. But this is merely the theory.Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing (metabolism is a more practical option,while most research projects are currently focusing on animals.The question is:how can we evoke hiber- nation in species that are not normally doing that?And this is why the research on rats,not naturally hibernating animals,is interesting.Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours. The concept is not being considered for the forthcoming Mars mission,but for longer missions to farther destinations such as the outer planets,it could be a very useful technology. Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept,and critics may consider it as a mad scientist's dream.However,without such dreamers,humanity would still be in the Middle Ages. 1.Why does the author mention the movie Passengers? A.To advertise a popular sci-fi space movie. B.To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights. C.To explore the possibility of settling another planet. D.To reveal the potential dangers of long space travels. 2.What happens to hibernating astronauts? A.Their functional metabolism is disturbed. B.They need more time and space for entertainment. C.They lose the balance between basic needs and supplies. D.Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum. 3.What does the underlined word "evoke"in paragraph 4 mean? A.Initiate. B.Justify. C.Define. D.Prioritize. 4.What does the author think of hibernation for humans? A.It may be a risky strategy. B.It is a dream hard to realize C.It can advance social progress D.It challenges traditional moral values. 95答案册 实战高考·英语 对太阳日冕磁场进行近乎每日的测量，还介绍了相关仪 器及此次测量取得的新进展。 ①D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now,for the first time,scientists have taken nearly daily measure- ments of the sun's coronal(日冕的)magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region.”可知，科学家首次几乎每天都对日冕磁 场进行测量，这种观察为这个太阳区域提供了更动态 的视角，即让我们能进一步深入了解太阳的某个区域。 故选D。 ②C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,'said Zihao Yang,a post- doctoral fellow from Peking University in China. 'This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields,which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.’”可知，Zihao Yang认为日冕磁场的全球测绘 一直是太阳研究中缺失的重要部分，这项研究正在帮 助我们填补对日冕磁场理解的关键空白，是具有开创 性的。故选C。 3A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“UCoMP has a much smaller aperture()compared to DKIST,but it can take a wider view,which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days.”可知， 与DKIST相比，UCoMP的光圈小得多，但它可以提 供更广阔的视野，这使得科学家在大多数日子里能够 研究整个太阳，A选项“它提供了对太阳更广阔的视 野”符合原文。故选A。 ④D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家首次几乎每 天都对日冕磁场进行测量，还介绍了测量日冕磁场的 DKIST和UCoMP两种工具的特点和作用，总体来 说，文章是在阐述测量太阳日冕磁场方面的新进展，D 选项“测量太阳日冕磁场的新进展”符合文章主旨。故 选D。 Passage 17 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了失败的 心理痛苦如何能够激励个人做得更好。 ①B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness.The scholars found that, 420 compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction,the first group was more engaged in the exercise.”可知，在即兴表演俱乐部的实验中，被指示 积极寻求尴尬感的一组即兴表演者比没有接受该指示 的表演者更投入，即积极接受尴尬会增加投入度。故 选B。 2D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you're a student,take a class far outside your area of skills and interests,knowing that the struggle to cope with a very novel challenge may improve studying what you do like.Enjoy the difficulty of it and analyze the mistakes you make-and you will almost certainly find that you're doing even better at your preferred subject." 知，作者建议学生上不熟悉的课程，是因为应对新挑战 的努力可能会促进对自己喜欢的科目的学习，即间接 加强他们的专业科目。故选D。 ③A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But I have seen the long-term benefit of better motivation in the core assignment,as well as a better flow of information and distribution of new skills across different activities within an enterprise.”可知，“75/25规则”的长期效果 是员工在核心任务上有更好的动力，并且在企业内不 同活动中信息流动更好，新技能得到更好的传播，即员 工更有动力且具备多种技能。故选A。 ④C标题归纳题。全文围绕“接受失败和不适感如何促 进个人成长”展开，内容包括即兴表演实验、学生选修 陌生课程、企业“75/25规则”以及接纳负面情绪等，核 心思想是做不擅长的事情可以带来积极影响。所以C 项“做你不擅长的事情的好处”符合文章主旨。故 选C。 Passage 18 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了游隼数 量曾经在第二次世界大战后开始下降，于1970年被列入 濒危物种名单。后来人们采取保护措施，游隼数量得到 了恢复。 ①B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“.·peregrine falcon()numbers began to decline after World War II due to substances to kill harmful insects,which weakened the birds'eggshells(蛋壳).”可知，第二次世 界大战后游隼数量开始下降是因为用于杀死害虫的物 质，即化学药品的使用，这些物质使游隼的蛋壳变薄， 从而导致其数量减少。故选B 2A词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“As the climbers carefully removed eggs or replaced chicks,the falcons dive-bombed them-one bird even attacked a climber and struck his backpack.”可知，当登山者小心地取出 蛋或更换幼鸟时，游隼会俯冲攻击他们，由此可推断出 游隼父母对于登山者的行为是不高兴的。chagrin在 此处译为“懊恼，不高兴”，与displeasure意思相近。故 选A。 ③C推理判断题。从文章内容可知，保护游隼的工作是 有风险的，比如登山者在收集蛋壳样本和转移幼鸟时 会遭到游隼的攻击。同时保护工作也是富有成效的。 根据文章第五段中的“Peregrine falcons were removed from the endangered species list in 1999.As many as 40,000 individuals may now be flying freely in North America,and their numbers are on the rise.”可知，游 隼在1999年从濒危物种名单中被移除，如今在北美有 多达4万只游隼自由飞翔，数量还在上升。故选C。 ④C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But instead,they have formed an unlikely partnership without which peregrine falcons might still be struggling to gain a foothold in Yosemite.The birds'recovery is a rare success story of humans prioritizing the needs of other species above their own.”可知，攀岩者和游隼形成了 一种不太可能的伙伴关系，如果没有这种关系，游隼可 能仍在约塞米蒂苦苦挣扎。这些鸟类的复苏是人类将 其他物种的需求置于自身需求之上的一个罕见的成功 案例。这体现了这种独特的团队合作丰富了生态系 统。故选C。 Passage 19 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两项突 破性研究，指出蚯蚓不仅有助于提高作物产量，还能保护 植物免受有害微塑料的影响。 ①D段落大意题。第二段主要讲述了科罗拉多州立大 学的研究团队发现，蚯蚓每年对全球粮食产量的贡献 达到6.5%，即1.4亿吨，相当于俄罗斯（全球第四大粮 食生产国)的年产量。这一段的核心内容是蚯蚓对全 球粮食产量的贡献。故选D。 2B细节理解题。根据第五段“‘Earthworms are contributing a lot to these areas where we have fewer O实战册参考答案及解析 chemical inputs,'Fonte said.'If we manage our soils in a more sustainable way,we can make better use of this biodiversity and produce more sustainable agroec- osystems.’”可知，如果我们以更可持续的方式管理土 壤，我们就能更好地利用这种生物多样性，产生更可持 续的农业生态系统。因此，用蚯蚓管理土壤的一个好 处是能实现更可持续的农业。故选B。 3D词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“creates channels that loosen the soil and let in fresh air'”可知，蚯蚓能开 辟通道，使土壤松动，让新鲜空气进入。故画线词的意 思应是“挖掘”。故选D。 ④C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The scientists believe that earthworms help boost the tomato plants' immune systems.This makes them better withstand environmental changes..”可知，南开大学的研究者发现 蚯蚓能增强蕃茄植株的免疫系统，让它们更好地抵御 环境变化，因此蚯蚓保护植物免受环境压力。故选C。 Passage 20 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空旅 行中冬眠的理论及其研究进展。 ①B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However,.some- thing goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early.But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora?”可推知，作 者提到电影《太空旅客》是为了引出下文关于太空旅行 中冬眠这一话题，介绍一种长途太空飞行的新方法。 故选B。 ②D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thus,hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally,hibernating astronauts wouldn't get bored,stressed,or lonely,and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or enter- tained.”可知，冬眠可以显著减少宇航员的基本需求， 而且冬眠中的宇航员不会感到无聊、有压力或孤独，用 更少的时间和空间来保持健康或娱乐，即他们的生理 和心理需求被降到最低。故选D。 3A词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“The question is: how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that?And this is why the research on rats,not naturally hibernating animals,is interesting." 421 答案 实战高考·英语 可知，此处为我们如何让那些通常不冬眠的物种进入 may consider it as a mad scientist's dream.However, 冬眠状态？这就是为什么对老鼠的研究很有趣，而不 without such dreamers,humanity would still be in the 是自然冬眠的动物。故画线单词evoke的意思应为 Middle Ages..”可知，作者认为人类冬眠在伦理上有争 “唤起，引起”。故选A。 议，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想，但如果没 4C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Hibernation for 有这样的梦想家，人类可能还处于中世纪，说明作者认 humans is an ethically controversial concept,and critics 为人类冬眠可以推动社会进步。故选C。 专题2。七选五阅读 山东新高考全练 Passage 1 Joanna Wright对Murphy服务态度的评价，衔接紧密， 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了大学咖啡厅 故选F。 员工Catherine Murphy的日常工作、敬业态度以及她对 ⑤G设空处上文提及Murphy对工作的热爱，下文提及 学生的积极影响，展现了一位平凡岗位上不平凡的奉献 她想继续留在这里，做她爱做的事情，表达她打算继续 者形象。 工作的意愿。G选项中的“can't imagine working any- ①E设空处位于段尾，上文“The College Cafe has just where else'”呼应下文的“She has every intention of hat,and more.”引出对咖啡厅的介绍，下一段开始具 staying..”,既印证了她对工作的热爱，又为下文的继 体描述员工Murphy的微笑服务。E选项“Not only 续工作意愿提供了依据，承上启下，故选G。 does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up Passage 2 smiles.”既呼应上文，解释说明咖啡厅的服务特色，又 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者使用英语 引出下文，故选E。 词典的经验、心得以及从中获得的乐趣，说明了使用纸质 ②D本段主要描写Murphy的工作场景，设空处位于段 版词典的必要性，并描述了使用纸质版词典的好处。 中，上文描述了她制作饮品的过程，下文提到她与顾客 ①F上文提到“a perfect,.professionally presented 之间的互动。D选项中的“finishing an order”呼应上 manuscript'”,F选项“That means good grammar and 文的“make the drinks'”,“calls out the name'”引l出下文 no spelling mistakes.”是对原稿要求的进一步解释说 的“the customer grabs the drink”,与上下文的工作流 明，也正好引出下文“No editor is likely to tolerate a 程描述自然衔接，展现了Murphy专业的服务，故选D。 writer who does not take the trouble to spell words 3C设空处上文描述Murphy早起通勤的日常，下文引 correctly..”。同时F选项中的“no spelling mistakes'” 用她的原话说明早起通勤去服务学生的理由。C选项 与后句中的“spell words correctly?'相呼应，故选F。 "Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students 2B上文提到“Idon't trust my laptop's spellchecker.”,下 early.”既承接了上文关于上班时间的描述，又为下文 文提到“Of course,these days there are plenty of 的服务动机做了铺垫，逻辑连贯，故选C。 online dictionaries and thesauruses,but I'm old- 解题陷阱]本题部分考生会误选A项，认为A选项 fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and 中的“The cafe closes...”和上文的“gets up”呼应，但 pages..”,因此，设空处应填人一个承上启下的句子， 是和下文的引语无法衔接，属于瞻前不顾后的片面 解释上文的原因。B选项“It takes no account of the 思维。 context.”恰好说明了电脑拼写检查器的局限性，故 ④F设空处上文介绍学生Joanna Wright经常光顾咖 选B。 啡厅的情况，下文引用她的话说明Murphy的微笑服 3E设空处位于段落开头，下文“It should give you a 务令她心情愉悦。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her precise definition of each word...It will also usually day off good and gets her ready for class..”既解释了 show how the word is pronounced.”提到了词典的功 Joanna Wright频繁光顾咖啡厅的原因，又引出下文 能，E选项“Of course,a dictionary is not only for 422