专题1 模拟精练-题组2 推理判断(实战册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

0专题1阅读理解 题组推理判断 Passage12(2025广东深圳一模，B) 主题：对社会有贡献的人物答案：P418 Jules Verne is widely regarded as one of the fathers of science fiction.His"Extraordinary Voyages()"series transport readers on grand adventures to the far reaches of Earth and beyond.But Verne did more than just tell entertaining stories-he also predicted over 100 modern-day inventions and technologies in his writings. For example,in the 1889 short story In the Year 2889,Verne painted a picture of a highly networked world with global multimedia communications.He described the "phonotelephone" which sent sound and images over great distances.The main character,Fritz Napoleon Smith,is able to easily communicate via this technology with his wife on another continent: "Mr.Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her...Mrs.Smith immediately appeared on the telephotic screen,with her features smiling and her eyes moist(潮湿的)with tears..” Verne's technically-grounded adventure tales represented a new approach to imagining the future through fiction.Unlike other writers of his day who penned more fanciful or supernatural stories,Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic visions,always basing them on cutting-edge science and his own extensive research.This laid the foundation for the "hard science fiction" of the 20th century and beyond. Verne is often thought of as a technological optimist,a champion of scientific progress and innovation.But his writings also reveal another perspective.Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good.Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine()to violently attack ships.For Verne,human nature determined whether technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction. The spirit of adventure in Verne's timeless stories will live on,continuing to inspire gener- ations to push the boundaries of the possible and create the world of tomorrow.That is perhaps the greatest achievement of the extraordinary voyages of Jules Verne. 1.How does Mr.Smith contact his wife inIn the Year 2889? A.By holding an in-person talk. B.By making a long-distance call. C.By sending a letter back home. D.By having an instant video chat. 2.What is the“hard science fiction”based on? A.The unrealistic fantasies. B.The fictional technologies. C.The latest research findings. D.The imagined future worlds. 3.What can we infer about Verne from Captain Nemo's story? A.He is disappointed with human nature. B.He is aware of the danger of technology. C.He is in favour of scientific development. D.He is different from the writers of his time. 4.Which of the following best describes Jules Verne according to the text? A.Strong-willed. B.Fantasy-seeking. C.Positive-minded. D.Forward-thinking. 87 实战册 实战高考·英语 Passage13(2025湖南衡阳二模，D) 主题：生物科学研究答案：P418 A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria-synthetic organisms in which all molecules()have reversed chirality(i.e.are“mirrored'”)(反向手性). Scientists had begun early work toward creating mirror bacteria,and while the capability is at least a decade away,recent years have seen significant progress.The new paper finds that, if created,these organisms may pose significant dangers to humans,animals,plants,and environmental health. The 38 authors working in nine countries include leading experts in immunology,plant pathology and so on.The publication in Science is accompanied by a detailed 300-page technical report. While any threat is not approaching,the Science paper finds that mirror bacteria may pose serious risks.Immune defenses in humans,animals,and plants rely on identifying particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria.If these shapes were reflected-as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria-recognition would be impaired (and many basic immune defenses could fail,potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection. The analysis also suggests that mirror bacteria in the environment may be able to evade( natural predators like phages,which rely heavily on chirally-mediated interactions to kill bacteria and limit their populations.Transport via animals and humans could enable spread between diverse ecosystems.Persistent and widespread environmental populations of mirror bacteria would expose humans,animals and plants to an ongoing risk of infection-a serious threat to humans and to global ecosystems. The authors call for further inspection of their findings and conclude that,unless compel- ling evidence emerges that these organisms would not pose extraordinary dangers,mirror bacteria should not be created. This paper marks a starting point for a broader discussion about the risks from mirror bacteria,including participation from the global scientific community,policymakers,research funders,and other stakeholders.Several of the authors on the paper are involved in planning a series of events throughout 2025 to inspect the findings of the paper and discuss steps that can be taken to prevent risks from mirror bacteria. 1.What is the characteristic of mirror bacteria? A.They are made up of mirror molecules.B.Their molecules have opposite chirality. C.They are active in a mirrored environment.D.They can change their molecular structure 2.What can we learn about mirror bacteria from paragraph 2? A.They will come out very soon. B.They will barely harm creatures C.They will be made no less than a decade.D.They will have an effect in ten years. 3.What consequence might mirror bacteria bring according to the new findings? A.Natural predators can't kill them. B.Their molecules are the same as normal bacteria's. C.Immune defenses can't tell their molecular shapes. D.Immune protection can be impaired directly by them 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.The Creation of Mirror Bacteria B.Mirror Bacteria:Risks and Global Responses C.Scientists'New Findings on Bacterial Infection D.The Effect of Mirror Bacteria on Immune Systems 88■ 0专题1阅读理解 Passage14(2025湖北名校联合一模，D) 主题：人类文明答案：P419 Since the dawn of human history,innovation has been a balancing act of wonder and fear. From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes,each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously(causing risks.Fire could warm us or destroy us;airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war.Yet through all these advancements,one constant has remained:human cognition(),the unique spark of thought and creativity that has shaped our progress. But today,something is different.For the first time in history,human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date.With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI),we are no longer just building tools to enhance our abilities;we are building systems that may be superior to our very capacity to think,create,and innovate.This shift doesn't just completely change industries,but it also challenges the core of what makes us human. In past innovations,technologies functioned as extensions of human abilities.The airplanes enlarged our physical reach,the Internet expanded our access to information,and computers increased our ability to compute.These tools were clearly under human control,operating within the boundaries we set. However,AI is fundamentally different.It operates in the range of cognition,not merely conducting tasks,but also learning,reasoning,and even generating creative content.From writing news articles to diagnosing diseases,AI systems are performing tasks once thought to require uniquely human judgment.What happens when machines can think better than we can? And,more importantly,what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed? Historically,we've accepted obsolescence()as part of the cycle of innovation and,in most situations,embraced it.Outdated tools should be abandoned,and new ones take their place.But when the "tool"at risk of obsolescence is human cognition itself,we enter unknown area.AI's capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak posi- tion,one where we must confront our own limitations. 1.What can we infer from the first paragraph? A.One good turn deserves another. B.Take things as they come C.Don't put the cart before the horse. D.Every coin has two sides. 2.What does the author mean by saying "But today,something is different.in paragraph 2? A.Human cognition starts to be outdated. B.Wonder and fear have lost balance. C.Human cognition has reached a ceiling. D.Creativity has shaped our progress. 3.How is the main idea presented in the text? A.By telling stories. B.By analyzing causes. C.By giving examples. D.By applying inferences. 4.What is the author's attitude towards the rise of artificial intelligence? A.Concerned. B.Skeptical. C.Positive. D.Unclear. 89答案册 实战高考·英语 these don't effectively account for how quickly our brains can process entire sentences seen at a glance,as opposed to word by word like in speech.”可知，科学家 们认为现有的逐词句子处理模式不能有效地解释大脑 如何快速处理一眼看到的整个句子，所以新研究聚焦 于人类大脑对句子的瞬时理解能力。故选D。 2A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The participants were asked to assess whether the second sentence was the same as the first or had been changed.”可知，参与 者被要求评估第二句与第一句是否相同还是已被修 改，即判断句子是否匹配。故选A。 ③B细节理解题。根据第四段“The scans revealed that the left temporal cortex of the brain,which is an important part of the brain's ability to understand language,showed higher levels of activity for three- word sentences than random word lists.The activity appeared in just 125 milliseconds.The fastest brain activity was observed when phrases like'nurses clean wounds'were presented,in comparison to noun lists such as‘hearts lungs livers'.”可知，与随机单词列表 和名词列表相比，三个单词的句子能让大脑产生最快 的反应。故选B。 ④A段落大意题。根据最后一段可知，这项研究提供 了新的见解，“瞬时理解”的早期阶段更依赖结构而非 意义，这是研究的意义所在，也就是研究的启示 (implication)。故选A。 Passage 12 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科幻小说之 父之一Jules Verne及其作品。 ①D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“He described the 'phonotelephone'which sent sound and images over great distances.”和第三段“Mr.Smith was able distinctly to see his wife despite the distance that separated him from her...Mrs.Smith immediately appeared on the telephotic screen.,.”可知，在《2889 年》中，史密斯先生是通过能远距离传输声音和图像的 “电话”与妻子联系的，妻子会出现在屏幕上，所以他通 过即时视频聊天和妻子联系。故选D。 2C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Unlike other writers of his day who penned more fanciful or super- natural stories,Verne aimed for realism in his futuristic 418 visions,always basing them on cutting-edge science and his own extensive research.This laid the founda- tion for the 'hard science fiction'of the 20th century and beyond.”可知，凡尔纳的未来愿景以现实主义为 目标，基于前沿科学和他自己的广泛研究，这为“硬科 幻小说”奠定了基础，所以“硬科幻小说”基于最新的研 究发现。故选C。 3B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Many of his stories feature a brilliant but mad scientist whose inventions ultimately bring more harm than good. Captain Nemo in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea uses his submarine (to violently attack ships.For Verne,human nature determined whether technology would be a force for good or a source of destruction." 可知，通过描写尼莫船长使用他的潜艇猛烈攻击船只， Verne认为人性决定了技术是有益的力量还是毁灭的 源头。这说明他意识到了技术的危险性。故选B。 ④D推理判断题。第一段中提到，凡尔纳在作品中预 测了100多项现代发明和技术，且下文提到他以现实 主义的方式想象未来，基于前沿科学进行创作，这些都 说明他是有前瞻性的。故选D。 Passage 13 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发 现，镜像细菌可能会给人类、动植物和环境健康带来重大 危险。 ①B细节理解题。根据第一段“A group of researchers has published new findings in Science on potential risks from the development of mirror bacteria- synthetic organisms in which all molecules()have reversed chirality(i.e.are‘mirrored')(反向手性).” 可知，镜像细菌是一种合成生物，其中所有分子都具有 反向手性。故选B。 2C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists had begun early work toward creating mirror bacteria,and while the capability is at least a decade away,recent years have seen significant progress.”可知，科学家们 已经开始了创造镜像细菌的早期工作，虽然这种能力 至少还需要十年的时间，但近年来已经取得了重大进 展。故选C。 3C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Immune defenses in humans,animals,and plants rely on identifying particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria.If these shapes were reflected-as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria-recognition would be impaired(受损的)and many basic immune defenses could fail,potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection.”可知，人体、动物和植物的免疫防御依赖于 识别入侵细菌中特定的分子几何形状，而镜像细菌的 分子形状是反向的，会导致免疫防御无法识别它们的 分子形状。故选C。 ④B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了镜像 细菌可能会给人类、动植物和环境健康带来重大危险， 科学家们呼吁进一步研究其风险，并计划采取措施防 止风险，包括全球科学界、政策制订者等共同参与讨论 应对。B选项“镜像细菌：风险与全球应对”能全面概 括文章内容。故选B。 Passage 14 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了历史上 技术突破利弊共存。如今AI使人类认知面临过时风险， 引发对人类地位和未来的担忧。 ①D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes,each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (causing risks.Fire could warm us or destroy us;airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war.”可知，从火 的发现到飞机的首次飞行，每一项技术突破都承诺会 增强人类的能力，与此同时也带来了风险。火可以温 暖我们，也可以毁灭我们；飞机可以让我们彼此相连， 也可以变成战争工具。这体现了事物都有两面性。故 选D。 2A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But today, something is different.For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date." 可知，今天情况有所不同。历史上第一次，人类认知本 身面临着过时的风险。故选A。 3C推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中通过列举 "From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes""The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information,and computers increased our ability to compute.”等例子来 阐述不同技术的特点以及人工智能与以往技术的不 O实战册参考答案及解析 同。故选C。 ④A推理判断题。作者在文中表达了对人工智能崛起 的担忧。第二段提到AI可能超越人类认知，第四段提 出“当机器的思考能力优于人类时会发生什么？”并指 出人类必须面对自身局限性的脆弱处境。这些内容表 明作者对AI的发展持关切态度。故选A。 Passage 15 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普林斯 顿大学学生Lepowsky研发的一种无记忆机器人。 ①A推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The goal is to have high-confidence inspections without the robot saving information.For example,the robot would not save radiation measurements or create floor plans of sensitive areas.”可知，目标是进行高可信度的检查，同 时机器人不保存信息。例如，机器人不会保存辐射测 量数据或创建敏感区域的平面图。这表明Lepowsky 的机器人与人类检查员在数据安全方面不同，人类检 查员可能会保存这些敏感信息，而机器人不会。故 选A。 ②C段落大意题。第三段详细描述了机器人的设计原 理，例如基于Robot Create3平台、可编程生成信任 (如不使用摄像头)以及“最初就不记忆”(not even remembering in the first place)的理念。这些内容均 围绕设计机制展开。故选C。 3D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Lepowsky likes the interdisciplinary nature of his work-drawing on both his robotics and policy expertise-and he likes that it requires a breadth of knowledge,not just depth.”可知，Lepowsky喜欢自己工作的跨学科性 质—既利用了他在机器人技术方面的专业知识，又 运用了他在政策方面的专长—而且他喜欢这份工作 需要综合多领域的知识，而不仅仅是深度。故选D。 ④B标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了普林斯顿大学学生 Lepowsky研发的一种无记忆机器人，这种机器人可用 于核检查，能在不保存敏感信息的情况下进行高精度 检查，同时提到了其设计理念、优势以及研发者对这项 工作的看法等。B选项“No-Memory Robots:The Future of Nuclear Checks?”能够概括文章主要内容。 故选B。 Passage 16 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家首次 419