专题1 模拟精练-题组3 主旨大意(实战册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

实战册 实战高考·英语 题组目主旨大意 Passage15(2025浙江温州二模，D) 主题：科技创新答案：P419 In the risky world of nuclear arms control,Princeton student Lepowsky is exploring how robots can make inspections more accurate and acceptable to host nations worried about inva- sive()traditional methods.His latest research has led to a robot performing inspections without saving sensitive information. "The host nation likely won't want a human inspector poking their nose around,said Lepowsky."But even a robot has memory and sensors acquiring data."The goal is to have high-confidence inspections without the robot saving information.For example,the robot would not save radiation measurements or create floor plans of sensitive areas. The new prototype()is built on an iRobot Create 3 platform,an educational robot. Robots offer advantages over human inspectors:they can tolerate higher radiation levels,are more consistent,and can be cheaper.They also can be programmed to generate trust,such as not using cameras to avoid seeing unwanted details.The idea for the robot started with Lepowsky's adviser,Glaser,who was curious about creating a "forgetful robot"that could perform highly accurate nuclear arms inspections but forget everything afterward.This led to an even more interesting idea:"Rather than forgetting,we're not even remembering in the first place,"Lepowsky said.He believes this feature can reassure hosts concerned about privacy. Lepowsky likes the interdisciplinary nature of his work-drawing on both his robotics and policy expertise-and he likes that it requires a breadth of knowledge,not just depth.He values that his research is grounded in real-life applications for global security and nuclear nonproliferation(防扩散). Predicting when the robot might be used in the field is difficult."It's easy to say,today,it's not very realistic,but you have to be ready for if and when it becomes possible,said Lepowsky.Research into this problem is very active.Because arms control is changing,the specific objectives of future agreements are hard to predict."But we can hope they will be positive,and we need to be ready,technically. 1.In which aspect is Lepowsky's robot different from human inspectors? A.Data security. B.Memory capacity. C.Social acceptance D.User friendliness. 2.What is said about the robot in paragraph 3? A.Its accurate system. B.Its privacy risks. C.Its design mechanism. D.Its operational problems. 3.What does Lepowsky like about his work? A.Scientific research data. B.Real-time technical cooperation. C.In-depth theoretical studies. D.Integrated knowledge across fields. 4.Which would be the best title for this passage? A.Princeton's "Forgetful"Robots in Global Security B.No-Memory Robots:The Future of Nuclear Checks? C.Nuclear Arms Control:Robots or Human Inspectors? D.Lepowsky's "Curious"Robots for Radiation Detection 90 0专题1阅读理解 Passage16(2025河南名校联盟一模，D) 主题：太空探索答案：P419 The sun likes to remind us that Earth is merely one part of a joint system.Despite our connection with the sun,there are still numerous scientific mysteries to uncover about this critical star,particularly its magnetic field().Now,for the first time,scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun's coronal()magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region. The solar magnetic field is the primary driver of solar storms and flares.As society grows increasingly reliant on technology,this space weather generates threats to power networks, communication systems,and in-space technologies like GPS and satellites."Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,"said Zihao Yang,a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China."This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields,which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth. Scientists have been able to routinely measure the magnetic field on the sun's surface. Large telescopes like the Daniel K.Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST),which is the world's largest solar telescope,can measure the three-dimensional coronal magnetic fields in depth.It recently demonstrated its ability to make detailed observations of the coronal magnetic field. However,DKIST can't map the sun all at once. To try to get more overall mapping,the team turned to the Upgraded Coronal Multi- channel Polarimeter (UCoMP).UCoMP can block out parts of the sun.It uses a device called a coronagraph to enable scientists to measure the sun's atmosphere.UCoMP has a much smaller aperture()compared to DKIST,but it can take a wider view,which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days. "We are entering a new age of solar physics research when we can routinely measure the coronal magnetic field,"said Yang.Using DKIST's and UCoMP's measurements together offers a more all-sided view of the coronal magnetic field. 1.What is the significance of the new observation of the sun's coronal magnetic field? A.It reveals the source of the sun's energy. B.It helps us fully understand the solar system. C.It enables us to predict solar storms accurately D.It allows further insight into a certain solar region. 2.What does Zihao Yang think of the research? A.It's well-received. B.It's risk-free. C.It's pioneering. D.It's misleading. 3.What is the main advantage of UCoMP compared to DKIST? A.It provides a wider view of the sun. B.It has a larger aperture for higher-quality images C.It can measure the sun's magnetic field in greater depth. D.It can block out the sun's light for better measurements. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.The importance of solar physics research. B.The comparison between DKIST and UCoMP. C.The sun's magnetic field and its impact on Earth. D.The new progress in measuring the sun's coronal magnetic field. 91m 实战册 实战高考·英语 Passage17(2025湖南常德一模，C) 主题：个人成长答案：P420 The mental pain of failure can stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack proficiency-if you can consider the unpleasant experience as an indicator of personal growth.This is what researchers found when they conducted a field experiment at an improvi- sation(即头表演)club.One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness.The scholars found that,compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction,the first group was more engaged in the exercise.Instead of seeing the discomfort as something to avoid,they saw it as central to the process and leaned into it. This has effects on how to improve ordinary life.You can put failure to good use in many other areas of life.If you're a student,take a class far outside your area of skills and interests, knowing that the struggle to cope with a very novel challenge may improve studying what you do like.Enjoy the difficulty of it and analyze the mistakes you make-and you will almost certainly find that you're doing even better at your preferred subject. Employers can apply these principles as well.I like the "75/25 rule",according to which employees spend three-quarters of their time on their assigned task and one quarter helping others outside their area.The short-term cost of this is friction as people struggle with novelty and difficulty-and bosses should take care not to make this worse by being punitive or overly critical.But I have seen the long-term benefit of better motivation in the core assignment,as well as a better flow of information and distribution of new skills across different activities within an enterprise. The embrace-failure principle can even be applied to happiness itself.None of us wants to be unhappy.But inviting sources of unhappiness into life can be extremely beneficial.Resolve not to be afraid of fear,anger,or sadness.They are normal and natural parts of life,after all. And if you let them,they will help you savor()the joys of life all the more. 1.What did the experiment at the improvisation club find? A.Avoiding awkwardness improved improvisers'creativity. B.Actively embracing awkwardness increased engagement. C.Professional improvisers performed better than amateurs. D.Discomfort negatively impacted participants'motivation. 2.Why does the author advise students to take unfamiliar classes? A.To reduce their academic pressure. B.To increase their studying interests C.To avoid errors in their preferred field. D.To indirectly strengthen their major subjects. 3.What is the long-term effect of the "75/25 rule"? A.Employees are more motivated and multi-skilled. B.Competitions among colleagues get more intense. C.New and difficult assignments become effortless. D.Conflicts in workplace disappear completely. 4.Which is the best title of the text? A.The Different Ways to Avoid Failure B.The Advice on How to Seek Happiness C.The Benefits of Doing Things You're Bad at D.The Reasons Why You're in Negative Moods 92particular molecular geometries found in invading bacteria.If these shapes were reflected-as they would be uniquely in mirror bacteria-recognition would be impaired(受损的)and many basic immune defenses could fail,potentially leaving organisms vulnerable to infection.”可知，人体、动物和植物的免疫防御依赖于 识别入侵细菌中特定的分子几何形状，而镜像细菌的 分子形状是反向的，会导致免疫防御无法识别它们的 分子形状。故选C。 ④B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了镜像 细菌可能会给人类、动植物和环境健康带来重大危险， 科学家们呼吁进一步研究其风险，并计划采取措施防 止风险，包括全球科学界、政策制订者等共同参与讨论 应对。B选项“镜像细菌：风险与全球应对”能全面概 括文章内容。故选B。 Passage 14 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了历史上 技术突破利弊共存。如今AI使人类认知面临过时风险， 引发对人类地位和未来的担忧。 ①D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes,each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (causing risks.Fire could warm us or destroy us;airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war.”可知，从火 的发现到飞机的首次飞行，每一项技术突破都承诺会 增强人类的能力，与此同时也带来了风险。火可以温 暖我们，也可以毁灭我们；飞机可以让我们彼此相连， 也可以变成战争工具。这体现了事物都有两面性。故 选D。 2A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But today, something is different.For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date." 可知，今天情况有所不同。历史上第一次，人类认知本 身面临着过时的风险。故选A。 3C推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中通过列举 "From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes""The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information,and computers increased our ability to compute.”等例子来 阐述不同技术的特点以及人工智能与以往技术的不 O实战册参考答案及解析 同。故选C。 ④A推理判断题。作者在文中表达了对人工智能崛起 的担忧。第二段提到AI可能超越人类认知，第四段提 出“当机器的思考能力优于人类时会发生什么？”并指 出人类必须面对自身局限性的脆弱处境。这些内容表 明作者对AI的发展持关切态度。故选A。 Passage 15 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普林斯 顿大学学生Lepowsky研发的一种无记忆机器人。 ①A推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The goal is to have high-confidence inspections without the robot saving information.For example,the robot would not save radiation measurements or create floor plans of sensitive areas.”可知，目标是进行高可信度的检查，同 时机器人不保存信息。例如，机器人不会保存辐射测 量数据或创建敏感区域的平面图。这表明Lepowsky 的机器人与人类检查员在数据安全方面不同，人类检 查员可能会保存这些敏感信息，而机器人不会。故 选A。 ②C段落大意题。第三段详细描述了机器人的设计原 理，例如基于Robot Create3平台、可编程生成信任 (如不使用摄像头)以及“最初就不记忆”(not even remembering in the first place)的理念。这些内容均 围绕设计机制展开。故选C。 3D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Lepowsky likes the interdisciplinary nature of his work-drawing on both his robotics and policy expertise-and he likes that it requires a breadth of knowledge,not just depth.”可知，Lepowsky喜欢自己工作的跨学科性 质—既利用了他在机器人技术方面的专业知识，又 运用了他在政策方面的专长—而且他喜欢这份工作 需要综合多领域的知识，而不仅仅是深度。故选D。 ④B标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了普林斯顿大学学生 Lepowsky研发的一种无记忆机器人，这种机器人可用 于核检查，能在不保存敏感信息的情况下进行高精度 检查，同时提到了其设计理念、优势以及研发者对这项 工作的看法等。B选项“No-Memory Robots:The Future of Nuclear Checks?”能够概括文章主要内容。 故选B。 Passage 16 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家首次 419 答案册 实战高考·英语 对太阳日冕磁场进行近乎每日的测量，还介绍了相关仪 器及此次测量取得的新进展。 ①D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Now,for the first time,scientists have taken nearly daily measure- ments of the sun's coronal(日冕的)magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region.”可知，科学家首次几乎每天都对日冕磁 场进行测量，这种观察为这个太阳区域提供了更动态 的视角，即让我们能进一步深入了解太阳的某个区域。 故选D。 ②C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,'said Zihao Yang,a post- doctoral fellow from Peking University in China. 'This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields,which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.’”可知，Zihao Yang认为日冕磁场的全球测绘 一直是太阳研究中缺失的重要部分，这项研究正在帮 助我们填补对日冕磁场理解的关键空白，是具有开创 性的。故选C。 3A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“UCoMP has a much smaller aperture()compared to DKIST,but it can take a wider view,which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days.”可知， 与DKIST相比，UCoMP的光圈小得多，但它可以提 供更广阔的视野，这使得科学家在大多数日子里能够 研究整个太阳，A选项“它提供了对太阳更广阔的视 野”符合原文。故选A。 ④D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科学家首次几乎每 天都对日冕磁场进行测量，还介绍了测量日冕磁场的 DKIST和UCoMP两种工具的特点和作用，总体来 说，文章是在阐述测量太阳日冕磁场方面的新进展，D 选项“测量太阳日冕磁场的新进展”符合文章主旨。故 选D。 Passage 17 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了失败的 心理痛苦如何能够激励个人做得更好。 ①B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness.The scholars found that, 420 compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction,the first group was more engaged in the exercise.”可知，在即兴表演俱乐部的实验中，被指示 积极寻求尴尬感的一组即兴表演者比没有接受该指示 的表演者更投入，即积极接受尴尬会增加投入度。故 选B。 2D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you're a student,take a class far outside your area of skills and interests,knowing that the struggle to cope with a very novel challenge may improve studying what you do like.Enjoy the difficulty of it and analyze the mistakes you make-and you will almost certainly find that you're doing even better at your preferred subject." 知，作者建议学生上不熟悉的课程，是因为应对新挑战 的努力可能会促进对自己喜欢的科目的学习，即间接 加强他们的专业科目。故选D。 ③A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But I have seen the long-term benefit of better motivation in the core assignment,as well as a better flow of information and distribution of new skills across different activities within an enterprise.”可知，“75/25规则”的长期效果 是员工在核心任务上有更好的动力，并且在企业内不 同活动中信息流动更好，新技能得到更好的传播，即员 工更有动力且具备多种技能。故选A。 ④C标题归纳题。全文围绕“接受失败和不适感如何促 进个人成长”展开，内容包括即兴表演实验、学生选修 陌生课程、企业“75/25规则”以及接纳负面情绪等，核 心思想是做不擅长的事情可以带来积极影响。所以C 项“做你不擅长的事情的好处”符合文章主旨。故 选C。 Passage 18 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了游隼数 量曾经在第二次世界大战后开始下降，于1970年被列入 濒危物种名单。后来人们采取保护措施，游隼数量得到 了恢复。 ①B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“.·peregrine falcon()numbers began to decline after World War II due to substances to kill harmful insects,which weakened the birds'eggshells(蛋壳).”可知，第二次世 界大战后游隼数量开始下降是因为用于杀死害虫的物 质，即化学药品的使用，这些物质使游隼的蛋壳变薄，