专题1 真题精练-题组4 词义猜测(实战册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

实战 实战高考·英语 题组四词义猜测 Passage7(2025新课标Ⅱ卷，B) 主题：教育与医疗词数：312答案：P416 Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH)."Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher,says Ho."People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do,but that's not really what it is here. "Here"is room 386,where each year,about 500 LPCH patients also become students.The hospital school is free of parents,doctors,and medical procedures.It's a place of learning. About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less;others are there for more than a year.Most of Ho's students will recover,which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still,in room 386,academics don't come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority."If you're scared about something and thinking only about that,there's no way you're going to be able to learn,"Ho says."I'm a coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher. There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead."I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,"Ho says."They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork. Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers(A) outside the hospital."I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems," says Julie Good,director of pain management services at LPCH."It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. 1.Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A.Sick children. B.Young nurses. C.Medical students. D.Patients'parents. 2.What is a characteristic of Ho's job? A.Prioritizing academics. B.Encouraging innovation. C.Treating various diseases. D.Playing multiple roles. 3.What does the underlined word "it"refer to in paragraph 4? A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork D.Showing no sympathy. 4.How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A.It eases peer pressure. B.It helps them live in hope. C.It frees them from aches. D.It entertains them with stories. 82 0专题1阅读理解 Passage8(2025浙江1月卷，C) 主题：新型园艺词数：303答案：P416 A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers()and power tools,it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly().In a matrix garden,plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style,adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form,including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year-round,they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail,from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural.While matrix gardens appear wild,they are carefully planned,with cultural needs the first consideration.Led by the concept of "right plant,right place",they match plants that enjoy the same soil,sun and weather conditions,and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet.With human inputs dramatically reduced,the garden's ecology can develop well.Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens:fertilizer,dividing,regular watering.Compared to traditional garden plots,they increase carbon absorption,reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 1.What does the underlined word "Eschewing"in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. 2.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low-maintenance parkland. 3.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd-looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well-protected. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is WILD B.Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C.Matrix gardens need more CARE D.Old garden plots work WONDERS 83答案册 实战高考·英语 stereotyping(形成刻板印象)their gendered objects in very traditional ways,'...Removing gender from the picture altogether seems like a simple way to fix ths.”可知，人们以非常传统的方式对有性别的物品形 成刻板印象，完全去除物品的性别似乎是解决这个问 题的方法。故选A。 2B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male,female,and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as 'Miuu'... participants said they would be less likely to buy..." 可知，Martin让参与者对不同性别版本的数字语音助 手和自动驾驶汽车Muu进行评分，并询问购买意愿。 这显然是一项调查，而非设计产品、担任助手或参加语 言测试。故选B。 3D推理判断题。根据第四段“Martin's study also found that creating a genderless object was difficult. For instance,if an object's name was meant to sound genderless,like Miuu,participants would still assign a gender to it-they would assume Miuu was a he'or ‘she'.”可知，即使物品名称（如Miuu)被设计为无性别 化，人们仍会主动为其赋予性别，这说明性别认知是根 深蒂固的思维习惯。故选D。 ④B段落大意题。最后一段提到，拟人化产品可以打破 刻板印象，并举了男性机器人辅助护理或女性机器人 帮助计算的例子，说明性别化产品也有积极意义。故 选B。 Passage 7 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了医院教师 Kathy Ho在斯坦福Lucile Packard儿童医院(LPCH)为 生病的孩子们开展教学工作，帮助孩子们保持学习和心 理健康。 ①A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“preparing them to return to school'”可知，Ho教的是患病的孩子。故 选A。 ②D细节理解题。根据第三段中Ho的话“I'ma coach,an adviser,and a comforter,and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher..”可知，她同时扮演教 练、顾问和安慰者的角色，体现了工作中需要承担多种 职能。故选D。 3C代词指代题。第四段中提到“Some teachers don't 416 give the kids any assignments;they express sympathy instead.”,随后Ho评价“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids'”。由此可推知，这里的“it”指代上文中“不布 置作业”的行为。故选C。 ④B推理判断题。根据最后一段Good提到的“School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”可知，学校通过给孩子们提供一个继 续学习和成长的机会，帮助他们保持梦想，即让他们心 怀希望。故选B。 Passage 8 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型园 艺设计方法—矩阵种植。 ①B词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Referred to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden,and even some of the designing.”可知，矩阵种植是让大自然自 身承接更多的工作。从画线词所在句中的“like nature does”可知，矩阵种植模仿自然，而自然环境中通常不 会使用化肥和电动工具。所以，画线词Eschewing的 意思是“避开，远离”。故选B。 ②D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩 阵种植法的诞生是为了“以可复制的方式种植大片公 园绿地，且只需极少的维护”。故选D。 解题陷阱本题考生容易误选C。保护水土是矩阵 种植的优点，但题目问的是“Why was the idea.. introduced?”,需定位到第二段首句的直接原因（低维 护)。提醒考生仔细理解题干，避免混淆因果关系。 ③C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style,adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form,including four- season interest and serving the needs of wildlife." 知，Piet Oudolf的花园在矩阵种植中融入了“艺术风格 (artistic flavors)”,注重色彩、形态和四季观赏性，同时 兼顾野生动植物需求，这种设计既自然又富有审美。 故选C。 ④A标题归纳题。全文围绕“矩阵种植法模仿自然生 态”的核心展开，强调其低维护、可持续和生态友好的 特点，暗示这是园艺的未来趋势。“WILD”呼应其看 似野性实则精心设计的本质。故选A。 Passage 9 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发 现，人的期望会影响对快乐和痛苦的体验。 ①B细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在品尝辣酱之前， 对快乐或痛苦的预期似乎会影响大脑对辛辣味道的反 应。人们品尝辣酱时的脑部扫描揭示了积极和消极的 期望如何影响大脑对快乐和痛苦的活动模式。因此， 该研究主要是关于期望如何影响人的感受的。故 选B。 2C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Yi Luo at East China Normal University and her colleagues employed 47 volunteers-roughly half liked spicy foods and half didn't-to receive drops of both mild and strong hot sauce in their mouths while lying inside a brain imaging scanner.”可知，研究者雇用了47名志愿者一大约一半 喜欢吃辣，一半不喜欢—让他们躺在脑成像扫描仪 里，嘴里滴上淡辣酱和浓辣酱。这表明在试验过程中 监测了参与者的大脑活动。故选C。 3B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The brain scans showed that,for hot haters,the negative expectation of receiving a spicy sample enlarged activity in brain regions that process pain...By comparison,the posi- tive expectation of receiving a spicy treat boosted a pleasure signature in the brain of hot sauce lovers,but only for the mild version.”可知，对于讨厌辣的人，消 极的预期会增加处理疼痛的大脑区域的活动；对于喜 欢辣的人，积极的预期会提升大脑中的快乐信号。这 说明参与者的预期会影响他们的体验。故选B。 4A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Understanding how positive and negative expectations influence understanding can inform approaches in medicine. 知，了解积极和消极期望如何影响理解，可以为医学领 域提供有益的指导方法。因此，该研究可能会应用于 临床研究。故选A。 Passage 10 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发 现，季节变化会对人类的道德价值观产生影响，并分析了 可能的原因，同时指出了研究的意义和局限性。 O实战册参考答案及解析 ①A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“For the study, researchers analyzed more than 230,000 online survey responses-a decade's worth-from people in the U.S.”可知，研究人员分析了来自美国的超过23万份 在线调查回复，这些回复涵盖了十年的数据。也就是 说，研究人员调查了人们的数字反馈。故选A。 2B细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“..the researchers found that anxiety levels also peak in spring and fall.'There is a close relationship between anxiety and threat,'...Other studies have shown that people who are at higher risk of seasonal illnesses tend to be more distrustful and more likely to follow major- ity opinion.When you're threatened,'O'Shea explains,'you then want to get protection from your group.”可知，研究人员发现焦虑水平在春季和秋季 达到峰值，且焦虑与威胁密切相关，受季节性疾病影响 风险较高的人更倾向于寻求群体保护。所以寻求群体 保护的行为与季节性焦虑峰值关系最密切。故选B。 ③B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Howard University psychologist Ivory A.Toldson notes that the study relies on data from Western,educated, industrialized,rich and democratic (WEIRD)'popu- lations and cautions that generalizing from such results runs the risk of 'overlooking the unique moral experi- ences of marginalized(边缘化的)groups'.”可知， Ivory A.Toldson指出，该研究依赖于来自“西方、受过 教育、工业化、富裕且民主”的人群的数据，并警告说， 从这样的结果中进行概括存在“忽视边缘化群体独特 道德体验”的风险。这意味着，当前研究的调查对象范 围较窄，可能会忽略边缘化群体的独特道德体验，所以 调查应该涵盖更广泛的对象。故选B。 ④C主旨大意题。文章指出人类心理现象（包括道德价 值观)随季节变化（第一段），研究显示“约束性价值观” 在夏冬季认可度降低（第三段），且焦虑水平变化进一 步解释季节性影响（第四段）。因此本文的核心观点是 “价值观可能随季节变化”。故选C。 Passage 11 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关 于人类大脑如何对句子瞬时理解的研究，并介绍了研究 开展的经过以及研究的意义。 ①D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They concluded 417