专题1 2022新高考Ⅰ卷(实战册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

○专题1阅读理解 2022新高考I卷（每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） Passage13(2022新高考I卷，A) 主题：学校生活词数：228答案：P388 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale 90-100,A;80—89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Blow60,E. Essays (60%) Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4 =20%. Group Assignments (30%0) Students will work in groups to complete four assignments()during the course.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system. Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%) Class activities will vary from day to day,but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion,so it is important to take careful notes during class.Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home,both of which will be graded. Late Work An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zero.Daily assign- ments not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted. l.[推理判断题]Where is this text probably taken from? A.A textbook. B.An exam paper. C.A course plan. D.An academic article. 2.[细节理解题]How many parts is a student's final grade made up of? A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five. 3.[细节理解题]What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? A.You will receive a zero. B.You will lose a letter grade. C.You will be given a test. D.You will have to rewrite it. 13 实战册 实战高考·英语 Passage14(2022新高考I卷，B) 主题：环境保护词数：339答案：P388 Like most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula(was to make a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,"food waste goes against the moral grain,"as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story.It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from "ugly"(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,"if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world. If that's hard to understand,let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time-but for him,it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted (in fields.And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just don't think."Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,"Curtin says. l.[推理判断题]What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A.We pay little attention to food waste.B.We waste food unintentionally at times. C.We waste more vegetables than meat.D.We have good reasons for wasting food. 2.[细节理解题]What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm. C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation. 3.[细节理解题]What does Curtin's company do? A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food. 4.[细节理解题]What does Curtin suggest people do? A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption. C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often. 14■ 0专题1阅读理解 Passage15(2022新高考I卷，C) 主题：社会服务词数：288答案：P389 The elderly residents()in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's well-being.It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia,a serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said,"I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. "I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed. "It's good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.I'm enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful." There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on the project,said,"Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said,"We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” l.[细节理解题]What is the purpose of the project? A.To ensure harmony in care homes.B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C.To raise money for medical research.D.To promote the elderly people's welfare. 2.[推理判断题]How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A.She has learned new life skills. B.She has gained a sense of achievement. C.She has recovered her memory. D.She has developed a strong personality. 3.[词义猜测题]What do the underlined words“embark on”mean in paragraph7? A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate. 4.[推理判断题]What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A.It is well received. B.It needs to be more creative C.It is highly profitable. D.It takes ages to see the results 15 实战册 实战高考·英语 Passage16(2022新高考I卷，D) 主题：人类文明词数：334答案：P389 Human speech contains more than2,Oo0 different sounds,from the common“m”and“a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as“f”and“v”,were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(),making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip(嘴唇)to the upper teeth.Later,our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构)， making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of“f”and“v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved()around 300,000 years ago."The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,"said Steven Moran,a member of the research team. l.[推理判断题]Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi's research focus on? A.Its variety. B.Its distribution.C.Its quantity. D.Its development. 2.[细节理解题]Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B.They could not open and close their lips easily. C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 3.[段落大意题]What is paragraph5 mainly about? A.Supporting evidence for the research results. B.Potential application of the research findings. C.A further explanation of the research methods. D.A reasonable doubt about the research process. 4.[推理判断题]What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?? A.It is key to effective communication.B.It contributes much to cultural diversity. C.It is a complex and dynamic system.D.It drives the evolution of human beings. 16答案 实战高考·英语 三段第二句误选A项the crowds were relatively small。因此考生在日常练习中要注意培养信息提炼 和加工能力，透彻理解文本，更好地辨析原文信息与选 项陈述之间的转换是否准确。 ③C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知，在后续研究中， 研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了 什么。结合后面的两个问句可知后续研究重点关注了 讨论过程。故选C。 ④D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many ques- tions remain,the potential implications for group discus- sion and decision-making are enormous..”可知，尽管 Navajas领导的研究存在局限性，仍有许多问题有待解 决，但群体讨论和决策方面的潜在影响是巨大的。这 表明作者对Navajas的研究持赞成态度，认为其具有 重要意义。故选D。 长难句分析 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 【分析】本句中第一个that引导表语从句；when引导时 间状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 smaller groups。 【译文】这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成 允许进行讨论的更小的组时，这些小组的平均值比同 等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 Passage 13 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“文学导论” 课程的评分政策，包括评分等级、各部分分数占比以及迟 交作业的处理方式。 ①C推理判断题。文章题目“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature'”意为“文学导论课程的评分 政策”，下文介绍了该课程的评分等级、作业占比、日常作 业和迟交作业的处理方式等内容，这些内容更像是关于 一门课程如何评定学生成绩的一个课程计划或教学方 案，而不是教科书的内容、试卷内容或学术论文。因此， 388 这段文字很可能来自一个课程计划。故选C。 2B细节理解题。文中提到“Essays(60%)”,其意思是 “论文占60%”，这是第一部分；“Group Assignments (30%)”,其意思是“小组作业占30%”，这是第二部分； "Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)”,其意思是“日常作业/课堂 写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业占10%”，这是第三部 分。由此可知，学生的最终成绩是由三部分组成的。 故选B。 解题陷阱文中涉及数字信息多，考生容易产生信 息定位偏差，误选C项。考生要准确理解题目关键词 a student's final grade,仔细分辨文章中多处数字描述 内容，避免落入陷阱。 3A细节理解题。文章最后一段提到“An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zCro.”,其意思是“一篇未能在规定日期在课堂上提交的 论文，每迟交一个课时就会降低一个字母等级。如果它 在截止日期后的第四天还没有提交，它将得到零分”。由 此可知，如果迟交论文一周，那么已经超过了截止日期后 的第四天，所以会得到零分。故选A。 Passage 14 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于食 物浪费的看法，并通过介绍DC Central Kitchen这个组 织，鼓励人们减少食物浪费。 ①B推理判断题。文章第一段讲述作者因为工作晚归、 朋友邀请等原因，导致买的芝麻菜坏了，浪费了很多， 根据“Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much”可知，作者是“无意识”地买了太多，而不是故意 为之，所以作者讲述这个经历是为了说明“我们有时无 意中浪费了食物”。故选B。 ②B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,'if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’”可知，食物浪费的一个后果是对环境的危害。 故选B。 3D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted (in fields.”可知，Curtin的公司用人们不需要的食物重新 制作餐食。故选D。 4A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won'teat"可知， Curtin建议人们不要购买超过所需的食物，也就是只买需 要的东西。故选A。 长难句分析 "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,"Curtin says. 【分析】引号中主句是Everyone can play a part in reducing waste;in reducing waste是介词短语作状语； not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping是动名词短语；in your weekly shopping是介 词短语作状语；asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won'teat是动名词短语；to not include the side dish you won'teat是不定式短语作宾语补足 语；you won'teat是定语从句，修饰side dish。 【译文】Curtin说：“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作 用，无论是通过在你的每周购物中不购买超过所需的食 物，还是通过要求餐馆不要提供你不会吃的配菜。” Passage 15 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦的 养老院通过让老人养鸡的方式减少老人的孤独感，改善 老年人的健康状况。 ①D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织)to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's well-being. 知，这个项目是由当地一家慈善组织提出的，旨在减少 孤独感，改善老年人的福祉。由此可知，该项目的目的 是促进老年人的福利。故选D。 2B推理判断题。根据第五段内容“It's good to have a different focus...I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful." 知，Ruth Xavier很享受做这些事，这能够给她带来良 好的感觉。由此可推知，她获得了一种成就感。故 Q实战册参考答案及解析 选B。 3C词义猜测题。根据第七段内容可知，Wendy Wilsonz是第一批开始这个项目的人之一，期待这个项 目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣，所以embark on 意为“开始”，与C项“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故 选C。 ④A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.”以及最后一段中的“We are happy to be taking part in the project.”可知，该项目得到了居民们 的认可，养老机构的管理人员也愿意参加这个项目。 由此可推知，这个项目很受欢迎。故选A。 Passage 16 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新 的研究，指出与人类饮食相关的咬合变化导致了新的语 音的出现，这些发音现在存在于世界上一半的语言中。 D推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段内容可推 测出，Damian Blasi的研究主要是关注人类语音的发 展。故选D。 ②C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip(嘴唇)to the upper teeth.”可知，古代成年人的下 颌骨结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。 解题陷阱本题考生容易根据信息句前一部分the upper and lower front teeth误选D项“Their lower front teeth were not large enough.”。提醒考生注意， 选项常常是对原文信息的转换表达，要全面理解上下 文相关信息，仔细比对选项。 3A段落大意题。第五段的意思是“对语言数据库的 分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了 全球性的变化，在过去的几千年里，f和ⅴ的使用显著 增加。这些发音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然 找不到”。由此可知，本段主要是通过语言数据库的分 析，为研究结果提供了支持证据。故选A。 ④C推理判断题。文章最后一段的意思是“这项研究推 翻了人们普遍认为的人类大约在30万年前进化时就 已经拥有所有语音的观点。研究小组成员Steven Moran说：‘我们使用的语音系统自从人类出现以来并 不一定保持稳定，相反，我们今天发现的语音的巨大多 样性是生物变化和文化进化等复杂因素相互作用的结 389 答案册 实战高考·英语 果。，”，由此可知，Steven Moran认为人类语音系统是 一个复杂且动态的系统。故选C。 Passage 17 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了罗马的 四家旅社。 1C细节理解题。文章第一段第一句“Rome can be pricey for travelers,which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社).”表明旅行者选择住在旅社的原因 是罗马对旅行者来说可能很贵，也就是说旅行者选择 住在旅社最关心的是价格。故选C。 2B细节理解题。根据题千关键词social life可定位到 第二个小标题Hostel Alessandro Palace下方的内容。 "If you love social hostels,this is the best hostel for you in Rome.Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun.”意为 “如果你喜欢社交旅社，这是你在罗马最好的旅社。 Hostel Alessandro Palace很有趣”。这句话表明ostel Alessandro Palace适合喜欢社交的人。故选B。 3C细节理解题。由Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分 中的“However,you need to pay2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.”可知，这家旅社的缺点是使用Wi-Fi需要每天 支付2欧元。故选C。 Passage 18 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Robert Titterton作为钢琴翻页者的经历。 ①A细节理解题。第一段最后一句“I'm not a trained musician,but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”表明Titterton为了成为 翻页者应该能够阅读乐谱。故选A。 ②C推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job.You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music..,”可推断，Titterton在舞台上的工作是需 要很多技能的，即要求高的。故选C。 ③B细节理解题。第四段最后一句“Silent onstage communication is key,and each pianist has their own style of 'nodding'to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.”表明Titterton 需要练习识别钢琴家的“点头”。故选B。 4D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He's interested in the music,feeling every note,and I have to say, ‘Turn,turn!’”可知，Raspopova的丈夫经常忘记翻页。 故选D。 390 Passage 19 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为保护 迁徙的水禽及其湿地栖息地，美国实施了《迁徙鸟类狩猎 邮票法》，要求猎人购买并携带联邦鸭邮票，以筹集资金 用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地。 ①A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).”可知，湿地的丧失造成了水禽数量 的减少。故选A。 ②C词义猜测题。根据前文“美洲原住民已经明智地照 顾这些宝贵的自然资源”可知，美洲原住民已经很好地 保护了这些资源，但后文却表示探险者和定居者只用 了几十年就做了某事，且这件事与美洲原住民的行为 是相反的，所以这件事应该是负面的；再根据“Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).”可知，数百万的 水禽被市场猎人和一小撮野心勃勃的运动员杀死，数 百万英亩的湿地被抽干以养活和容纳不断增长的人 口，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，由此可知，探险者和 定居者所做的这件事就是破坏资源，所以decimate的 意思是“破坏”。故选C。 3D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp." 及第三段第一句“About98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conserva- tion Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habi- tat..”可知，猎人必须购买并携带联邦鸭邮票，所以政 府可以从猎人那里筹集到资金。故选D。 4A标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了为保护迁徙的水禽 及其湿地栖息地，美国实施了《迁徙鸟类狩猎邮票法》， 要求猎人购买并携带联邦鸭邮票，以筹集资金用于购 买湿地和野生动物栖息地，文章重点介绍了联邦鸭邮 票的作用和意义，所以选项A“联邦鸭邮票的故事”适 合作为文章标题。故选A。 Passage 20 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了情商的 普及化现象及其影响，并希望未来科学发展能提供新的