专题1 2023新课标Ⅰ卷(实战册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

答案 实战高考·英语 多数生物多样性通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的 形式记录，这些都属于电子形式。故选B。 2C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“..since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable?”以及第三段“Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of...Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察 数据。故选C。 3C细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover,these data are biased and favor certain regions,time periods,and species.”和“These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.”可知，不合适的取样方式导致 数据偏差。故选C。 4D推理判断题。根据题干关键词suggestion for biodiversity apps可定位到最后一段。生物多样性应 用程序可以利用Daru团队的研究结果告知用户 (usrs)过度采样的区域，并引导他们去没有被充分采 样的地方，还可以鼓励用户让专家鉴定他们所上传的 图片。由此可推知，应用程序可以利用研究结果给予 用户(users,即citizen scientists)指导。故选D。 解题陷阱本题考生容易根据最后一句“..biodi- versity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image." 中的confirm the identification,误选C项“Confirm the identity of the users.”。选项中与原文中的鉴定对 象不同，做题时要仔细理解细节，避免落入陷阱。 长难句分析 These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens,and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change,I wanted to know:Are they usable? 【分析】本句主干为“These observations now outnumber the primary data,and...I wanted to know:Are they usable?”,and连接两个并列句；and前一分句中that comes from physical specimens是定语从句，修饰先行 386 词data;and后的since we are increasingly using obser- vational data to investigate how species are responding to global change是since(因为)引导的原因状语从句， 其中包含how引导的宾语从句(how species are responding to global change). 【译文】这些观察结果现在超过了来自实物标本的原始数 据，而且由于我们正在越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物 种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？ Passage 9 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯 特丹的自行车租赁服务和配有导游的城市旅行的相关 信息。 ①B推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)，bikes with child seats,.and children's bikes..”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的 自行车。故选B。 ②C数字计算题。根据定价表可知，一辆带手刹和三个 挡位的自行车，租一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数 每天8欧元。所以一辆带手刹和三个挡位的自行车租 两天需要14.75十8=22.75欧元。故选C。 ③D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:O0 pm every day..”可知，配有导游的城市 之旅从大坝广场开始。题干中的start与depart是同 义表达。故选D。 Passage 10 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。John Todd从小就对自 然生态感兴趣，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自 我修复的原理来净化污水。 ①C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“explore”和“started to wonder'”以及第二段中的“After studying..John went back to observing nature and asking questions." 可知，约翰聪颖好学，喜欢探索和质疑。inquiring'“爱 追根究底的”符合题意。故选C。 ②D细节理解题。文章第二段中的“With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco- machine.”提到，约翰认为动植物结合可能会清理废 物，于是建造了一个生态机器；第三段讲述具体操作过 程；第四段讲述观察结果。由此可知，约翰把污泥放进 罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。 解题陷阱本题信息跨度大，涉及三段。考生容易根 据题千put the sludge into the tanks,定位到第三段最 后一句“After a few weeks,John added the sludge.”, 然后在这句前后查找信息，误选B项“To build an ecosystem.”。考生做题时，应扩大对信息的搜索范围。 3B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility...He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou...”可推 知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故 选B。 4A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知，约翰工作的基础 是自然可以自我修复。故选A。 Passage 11 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极 简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。 1B细节理解题。根据第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philoso- py..”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方 式。故选B。 2A词义猜测题。画线词下文提到“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that..”,意思是“这个过程需 要你远离可选的在线活动30天。在30天结束时，你 会重新加人一些精心挑选的在线活动…”。由此可 知，这个过程需要人们远离一些在线活动，也就是清理 掉一些在线活动，所以declutter的意思是“清理”。故 选A。 3C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one..You'll hear these participants'stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.”可推知，第一部分的 Q实战册参考答案及解析 最后一章介绍了实验的实际例子。故选C。 ④A推理判断题。通过文章最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances..”可推知，作者建议读者 把第二部分提供的实践当作一个工具箱，根据需要来 使用它们。故选A。 长难句分析 In part one,I describe the philosophical founda- tions of digital minimalism,starting with an examina- tion of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy 【分析】starting with..increasingly intolerable是现在 分词短语作伴随状语，其中的that引导定语从句，修饰 先行词forces;before moving on...是介词短语作时间 状语。 【译文】在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学 基础，首先审视了导致许多人数字生活日益难以忍受 的各种因素，然后详细讨论了数字极简主义哲学。 Passage 12 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“群体 智慧”效应一多人对同一个对象的评估会有偏差，但把 人们分成更小的群体，获取的评估平均值会更准确。 ①B段落大意题。第二段主要阐述了“群体智慧”效应 的基本逻辑，即人们犯错时，这些错误并不总是相同 的，当足够多的错误被平均化时，它们会相互抵消，从 而产生更准确的估计。因此，B选项“这种效应的基本 逻辑”最符合段落主旨。故选B。 2D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discus- sion,the averages from these groups were more accu- rate than those from an equal number of independent individuals..”可知，当人群被进一步分成更小的小组， 并允许他们进行讨论时，这些小组的平均值比同等数 量的独立个体的平均值更准确。这表明即使估计不是 完全独立的（即在小组内进行讨论），平均准确性也可 能提高。故选D。 解题陷阱本题信息理解逻辑性强，考生容易根据第 387 答案 实战高考·英语 三段第二句误选A项the crowds were relatively small。因此考生在日常练习中要注意培养信息提炼 和加工能力，透彻理解文本，更好地辨析原文信息与选 项陈述之间的转换是否准确。 ③C推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知，在后续研究中， 研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了 什么。结合后面的两个问句可知后续研究重点关注了 讨论过程。故选C。 ④D推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many ques- tions remain,the potential implications for group discus- sion and decision-making are enormous..”可知，尽管 Navajas领导的研究存在局限性，仍有许多问题有待解 决，但群体讨论和决策方面的潜在影响是巨大的。这 表明作者对Navajas的研究持赞成态度，认为其具有 重要意义。故选D。 长难句分析 The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 【分析】本句中第一个that引导表语从句；when引导时 间状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词 smaller groups。 【译文】这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成 允许进行讨论的更小的组时，这些小组的平均值比同 等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 Passage 13 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“文学导论” 课程的评分政策，包括评分等级、各部分分数占比以及迟 交作业的处理方式。 ①C推理判断题。文章题目“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature'”意为“文学导论课程的评分 政策”，下文介绍了该课程的评分等级、作业占比、日常作 业和迟交作业的处理方式等内容，这些内容更像是关于 一门课程如何评定学生成绩的一个课程计划或教学方 案，而不是教科书的内容、试卷内容或学术论文。因此， 388 这段文字很可能来自一个课程计划。故选C。 2B细节理解题。文中提到“Essays(60%)”,其意思是 “论文占60%”，这是第一部分；“Group Assignments (30%)”,其意思是“小组作业占30%”，这是第二部分； "Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)”,其意思是“日常作业/课堂 写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业占10%”，这是第三部 分。由此可知，学生的最终成绩是由三部分组成的。 故选B。 解题陷阱文中涉及数字信息多，考生容易产生信 息定位偏差，误选C项。考生要准确理解题目关键词 a student's final grade,仔细分辨文章中多处数字描述 内容，避免落入陷阱。 3A细节理解题。文章最后一段提到“An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date,it will earn a zCro.”,其意思是“一篇未能在规定日期在课堂上提交的 论文，每迟交一个课时就会降低一个字母等级。如果它 在截止日期后的第四天还没有提交，它将得到零分”。由 此可知，如果迟交论文一周，那么已经超过了截止日期后 的第四天，所以会得到零分。故选A。 Passage 14 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于食 物浪费的看法，并通过介绍DC Central Kitchen这个组 织，鼓励人们减少食物浪费。 ①B推理判断题。文章第一段讲述作者因为工作晚归、 朋友邀请等原因，导致买的芝麻菜坏了，浪费了很多， 根据“Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much”可知，作者是“无意识”地买了太多，而不是故意 为之，所以作者讲述这个经历是为了说明“我们有时无 意中浪费了食物”。故选B。 ②B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,'if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.’”可知，食物浪费的一个后果是对环境的危害。 故选B。 3D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington,D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by○专题1阅读理解 2023新课标I卷（每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） Passage9(2023新课标I卷，A) 主题：社会服务词数：201答案：P386 Bike Rental Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam,welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike!Cycling is the most economical,sustainable and fun way to explore the city,with its beautiful canals,parks,squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,we make sure there is always a bike available for you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety,including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)， bikes with child seats,and children's bikes. Prices Hand Brake,Three Gears Foot Brake,No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill,the Skinny Bridge,the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 1.[推理判断题]What is an advantage of MacBike? A.It gives children a discount. B.It offers many types of bikes. C.It organizes free cycle tours. D.It has over 2,500 rental shops 2.[数字计算题]How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.€15.75. B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50. 3.[细节理解题]Where does the guided city tour start? A.The Gooyer Windmill. B.The Skinny Bridge. C.Heineken Brewery. D.Dam Square. 9■ 实战册 实战高考·英语 Passage10(2023新课标I卷，B) 主题：环境保护词数：328答案：P386 When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria()?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(). First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water. Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China. "Ecological design"is the name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,"he says."You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. l.[细节理解题]What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A.He was fond of traveling. B.He enjoyed being alone. C.He had an inquiring mind. D.He longed to be a doctor. 2.[细节理解题]Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?? A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem. C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine. 3.[推理判断题]What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A.To review John's research plans. B.To show an application of John's idea. C.To compare John's different jobs. D.To erase doubts about John's invention. 4.[推理判断题]What is the basis for John's work? A.Nature can repair itself. B.Organisms need water to survive. C.Life on Earth is diverse. D.Most tiny creatures live in groups. 10 0专题1阅读理解 Passage11(2023新课标I卷，C) 主题：健康生活词数：314答案：P387 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works,and then to teach you how to adopt this philoso- phy if you decide it's right for you. To do so,I divided the book into two parts.In part one,I describe the philosophical foun- dations of digital minimalism,starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one,I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so,I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants'stories and learn what strategies worked well for them,and what traps they encountered that you should avoid The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude()and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of prac- tices,which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances. 1.[细节理解题]What is the book aimed at? A.Teaching critical thinking skills. B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C.Solving philosophical problems. D.Promoting the use of a digital device. 2.[词义猜测题]What does the underlined word“declutter'”in paragraph3mean? A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over. 3.[推理判断题]What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A.Theoretical models. B.Statistical methods. C.Practical examples. D.Historical analyses. 4.[推理判断题]What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A.Use them as needed. B.Recommend them to friends. C.Evaluate their effects D.Identify the ideas behind them. 实战册 实战高考·英语 Passage12(2023新课标I卷，D) 主题：社会交往词数：335答案：P387 On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds"effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won't cancel each other out.In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.If,for whatever reasons,people's errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist()on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates?Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time,but it wasn't the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together".Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. l.[段落大意题]What is paragraph2 of the text mainly about? A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect. C.The causes of people's errors. D.The design of Galton's experiment. 2.[细节理解题]Navajas'study found that the average accuracy could increase even if A.the crowds were relatively small B.there were occasional underestimates C.individuals did not communicate D.estimates were not fully independent 3.[推理判断题]What did the follow-up study focus on'? A.The size of the groups. B.The dominant members. C.The discussion process. D.The individual estimates. 4.[推理判断题]What is the author's attitude toward Navajas'studies? A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving. 12