内容正文:
专题7
介词和介词短语
目
⊙
考什么
高效复习必备
at,in,on,to,off,beside/by,near
方位介词
across,through,over,above
between,among
at,in,on
before,after
时间介词
since,for,from
until/till,by,during,over
表示“用”的by、in和with/without
介词
表工具、手段
方式的介词
表示交通方式的by、in和on
表示“除…之外”的but、except、except for和besides
其他常用介词
表示支持和反对的介词:for和against
表示比较的介词:than和to
表示“作为”的介词:as
介词短语
高频介词用法思维导图
接时间,表示“在…之前”(常与完成时连用),如:by tomorrow/.last week/now
接数字,表示差值,如:increase by 10 percent
by
表示方式、手段,如:by car、by credit card、by means of
表示“在…旁边”如:sit by my parents
360
O专题7介词和介词短语
表示“有”,如:a girl with long hair
表示“与.一起”,如:play//livewith
with
表示“伴随:随着”(with复合结构,如:with the snow falling
表示“使用”,如:write with a pen
反义词是without“(如果)没有;不用”
表示活动或状态,如:on vacation/holiday/business/display
接日期、星期几、具体的某一天、某一天的上午下午晚上、有形容词修饰的上午下午晚上,如:
on a rainy morning,on the evening of Sept.4th
表示“在…上”,如:on the bus/ain
on
表示“通过;借助”,如:on the phone、on the Internet、.onTV
表示“关于;论及”,如:a book on geography
表示“带着;有”,如:have money on me
表示方向,如:on the left/right(注意:in the direction)
表示“由…支撑”,如:stand on one's feet、.lie on one's back
表示“在…时候或时期”,如:i+泛指的上午下午/晚上/月份年份年代/世纪/朝代
表示“再过…时间;在…时间内”,如:inl0 minutes
表示穿着、包装,如::in red、in a blue shirt
表示位置、场所,如:in England、inbed
in
表示处于某种状态,如:in order、in control
表示“关于;在…方面”,如:be similar/rich/lacking in
表示语言、材料、方式,如:in English//ink、in this way/manner
361
讲解册
实战高考·英语
表示在某个时间点,如:at2o'clock、at noon//night((注意:in the end)
表示年龄,如:at the age of
表示“处于…的数值”,如:at the speed/rate of
表示“在…地点”,如:at the airport、at home、at school
表示距离,如:at arm's length
表示方向,如:point at、.look at
表示“处于…状态/地位/时期”,如:at a disadvantage、at a loss
⊙
学什么
重难知识梳理
常考介词短语
1.“介词十名词”的常用搭配
(1)at+n.
at peace处于平静状态
at ease安心自在,不拘束
at drill在操练
at random随意地,胡乱地
at work在工作
at play在玩耍
(2)by+n.
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by chance/,accident偶然
by design故意地
by turns轮流,交替
by surprise出乎意料地
(3)in+n.
in shape在外形上
in cash用现金
in brief简言之
in detail详细地
in general通常;总的说来
in person亲自
in turn依次
in advance事先,提前
in vain白费,徒劳
in debt负债
in order整齐
in condition状况良好
in doubt怀疑
in danger处于危险中
in surprise惊奇地
in public公开地
in shame由于害羞
in comfort舒适地
(4)of+n.
of value有价值
of importance重要
of use有用
of help有帮助
of interest有兴趣
of ability有能力
(5)on+n.(表示状态)
on guard值班,警戒
on show/display展览
on business因公出差
on strike罢工
on duty值班
on leave/sick leave在休假/休病假
(6)out of +n.
out of sight看不到
out of mind发狂
out of danger脱离危险
362
O专题7.介词和介词短语
out of trouble摆脱困难
out of business失业
out of fashion不流行
out of order出故障
out of debt不欠债
out of control不受控制
out of question毫无疑问
out of breath气喘吁吁
(7)under+n.
under discussion/.treatment/,control/,consideration在讨论/治疗/控制/考虑中
under attack被攻击
(8)with+n.
with pleasure愉快地
with delight高兴地
with fear惊恐地
with satisfaction满意地
with difficulty困难地
with ease轻而易举地
2.“形容词十介词”的常用搭配
(1)adj.+about
be anxious about为…而忧虑
be certain/,sure about对…有把握
be doubtful about对…怀疑
be enthusiastic about对…热情
be hopeful about对…抱有希望
be incredulous about对…不相信
(2)adj.+at
be quick at对…很机敏
be slow at对…反应慢
be bad at不擅长
be shocked at对…震惊
(3)adj.+from
be absent from缺席
be free from不受…影响
be safe from安全
be different from与…不同
(4)adj.+for
be anxious/hungry/eager for渴望
be fit for适合
be unfit for不适合
be thankful for因…而感激
be famous for因…而著名
be ready for为…做好准备
(5)adj.+in
be weak in不擅长…
be strict in对…严格
be rich in含有丰富的…
be dressed in穿着…
be absorbed in专心于
be disappointed in对…失望
be experienced in对…有经验
(6)adj.+of
be ashamed of羞耻
be aware of知道
be guilty of有罪
be proud of骄傲
be short of缺乏
be sick of厌烦
be tired of厌倦
be worthy of值得
be free of免于
(7)adj.+to
be contrary to与…相反
be equal to等于
be familiar to对…熟悉
be favourable to对…有利
363
讲解册
实战高考·英语
be similar to与…相似
be rude to对…无礼
(8)adj.+with
be popular with受…欢迎
be patient with对…有耐心
be sick with患…病
be pleased with对…满意
be crowded with充满…
be content with对…满足
be familiar with精通,熟悉
(9)adj.+on
be dependant on依靠
be keen on热衷于.
be severe on对…严格/严厉
3.from..to..构成的短语
from beginning to end从头到尾
from head to foot从头到脚,浑身
from bad to worse越来越糟
from morning to night从早到晚
from time to time不时地
from place to place各处
from door to door挨门挨户地
from top to bottom整个地,彻底地
from cover to cover(书)从头到尾
from hand to mouth勉强糊口
from generation to generation一代一代地
4.n.+prep.+n.
(1)n.+by+n.
side by side肩并肩
step by step一步一步地
one by one一个接一个地
day by day一天一天地
little by little一点一点地;逐渐地
(2)n.after+n.
day after day日复一日地year after year年复一年地
(3)n.+in+n.
arm in arm臂挽臂地
hand in hand手牵手地
heart in one's mouth提心吊胆
(4)n.+to+n.
day to day日常,每天
heart to heart互相交心地
face to face面对面地
back to back背靠背地
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
5.in+n.+of
in fear of害怕
in charge of负责
in honor of为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of为纪念
in need,/want/demand of需要
in place of代替
in possession of拥有
in search of寻找
in case of以防,万一
in control of管理
in danger of处于…的危险中
in spite of尽管,虽然
in praise of表扬
364
○专题7.介词和介词短语
语法实战演练
l.(2025山东青岛一模)The conference will focus on solutions
environmental protec-
tion and sustainable development.
2.(2025淅江杭州三模)The new policy aims to bridge the gap
urban and rural areas
in terms of education resources.
3.(2o24全国甲卷)This area,with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well
preserved
all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.
4.(2o22全国甲卷)Now,Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt
and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers
Xi'an to Kashgar on seat 20,planning to
hike back to Xi'an in five months.
5.(2o20全国Ⅱ卷)Bamboo plants are associated
health,abundance and a happy
home.They are easy to care for and make great presents.
6.(2024山东淄博一模)Trying these unplugged Dos may help.First,.set a schedule to put
adults,teens and kids back together with family,friends and neighbors
person
7.(2o24九省联考卷)He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill,so he has his
students write not only by hand but also
old-fashioned fountain pens.
8.(2024)One day,I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books.I
thought
myself,“Why would he carry all his books?”
9.(2o23淅江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history
capital of China,almost every
hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic events.
l0.(2o22北京卷)Helen was walking down the street late
the evening,her arms filled
with grocery bags.
11.(2021淅江6月卷)In1844 they bought it
1,200 and some land from Charles
Dresser,who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
12.(2021浙江1月卷)The study found that between1985and20l7,average rural BMI
increased
2.1 in women and men.
l3.(2o2o淅江6月卷)Some time after 10o00BC,people made the first real attempt to control
the world they lived
through agriculture.
14.(2020)Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea crea-
tures,such as turtles and dolphins.Over time,the bags fall apart
countless tiny
pieces,and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
15.(2020)I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother kept an
eye
him.
365答案
实战高考·英语
⑤t固定句型“It is said that...”意为“据说…”。t
8 itself固定搭配prove oneself意为“证明自己”,设空处
为形式主语,that引导主语从句,设空处位于句首,首
用反身代词itself,作has proved的宾语。故填itself。
字母需大写。故填It。
⑨themselves主语与宾语为同一人(或物)时,宾语用反
⑥ts该空需要形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰名词
身代词。主语为people,反身代词用themselves。故填
size和visibility。故填its。
themselves.。
☑themselves固定搭配offer oneself表示“自告奋勇”。
0himself设空处作the Emperor的同位语,表示强调,
故填themselves。.
意为“他自己”。故填himself。
专题5。形容词和副词
①originally此处修饰动词built,需将形容词original
⑤beneficial此处应用形容词beneficial作定语,修饰名
转换为副词形式originally。故填originally。
词method。故填beneficial。
2 the most careful根据“Of all the students”可知用最
⑥increasingly空处用副词increasingly“越来越多地”,修
高级,形容词careful的最高级为the most careful。故
饰形容词popular,作状语。故填increasingly。
填the most careful。
⑦barely空处修饰动词changed,需用副词barely,.作状
③carefully修饰动词crafted,.作状语,应用副词carc
语。故填barely。
fully.。故填carefully.
8 easier根据“than”可知用比较级,形容词easy的比较
④greater空处修饰名词popularity,应用形容词作定
级为easier。故填easier。.
语,结合“After being listed as National Intangible
⑨Previously此处用副词作状语,修饰整个句子,置于
Cultural Heritage in2o06”可知,被列入国家非物质文
句首,首字母大写。故填Previously。
化遗产后,木刻年画的知名度越来越高,此处应用比较
0tasty此处应用形容词tasty“美味的”,修饰后面的名
级。故填greater。
词soup。故填tasty。
专题6。冠词
①The由普通名词构成的专有名词前需用定冠词,“the
认为是特指“甜味的触碰”,从而填the。要细心阅读,充分
United Nations'”为固定表达,句首首字母大写,故
理解此处意义“添加一点儿甜味”,就能跳出陷阱,从而正
填The。
确填a。
2an空处是“一个”的意思,应用不定冠词,iPhone以元
7A此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,用不定冠词。friend的读
音音素开头,故填an。
音以辅音音素开头,用a。空处位于句首,首字母大写。
3The从句“who painted this masterpiece”修饰artist,
故填A。
表示特指,用定冠词。句首首字母大写,故填The。
⑧thc根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots
④the空处特指the first International Tea Day,应用定
Beijingers可知,此处特指“草根北京人的文化”,应用
冠词。故填the。
定冠词the。故填the。
⑤the根据短语all the way可知,用定冠词the限定名
⑨the此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围。故填the。
词way。故填the。
OThe此处指“林肯一家”。“the+姓氏复数”表示“.…
⑥a短语a touch of意为“一点点;稍许”。故填a。
夫妇俩”或者“…一家人”。空处位于句首,首字母要
解题陷阱此题很容易根据touch后的of sweetness误
大写。故填The。
专题7。介词和介词短语
①to solutions to..表示“…的解决方案”,to为介词,
人都能享受”。故填for。
后接名词。故填to。
④from此处表示“从西安飞往喀什噶尔”,应用
2 between“gap between..and..”为固定搭配,表示
“from..to..”结构,表示“从…到…”。故填
“.…与…两者之间的差距”。故填between。
from。
3for此处用介词for表目的,意思是“为了国家的所有
⑤with be associated with表示“与…有联系”。故填
500
Q讲解册参考答案及解析
with。
要连接,不是连词;只能是介词,根据句意不难确定答
⑥in短语in person意为“当面,亲自,本人”,此处表示
案as。
“面对面地相聚”。故填in。
0in late in the evening意为“深夜”。故填in。
7with根据空前的“not only..but also..”结构可知,
们for buy sth.for some money表示“以…价钱买到
空处与前面的by hand并列,作方式状语,分别是“用
某物”。故填for。
手”和“用老式的钢笔”,而“用笔”是“用工具”。故填
2 by increase by表示“增加了…”,by表示数量的变
with。
化。故填by。
解题陷阱空处很容易受前面by误导而误填by,也
解题陷阱]空处很容易误填to,而increase to表示
有可能根据空后的名词pens而填冠词the,或者想当然
“增长到”,与句意不符。排除o之后,再推敲句意,只
地根据空后的old-fashioned直接填冠词an。只要细心
能填by。
分析句子结构和句意,一定能填对with。
3in“they lived
”是定语从句,关系代词在从
⑧to think to oneself表示“心想,暗想”。故填to。
句中作宾语,被省略。live in意为“居住(在某地)”,符
⑨as此处表示“作为中国首都”,介词as意为“作为”。
合句意。故填in。
故填as。
4to/into fall apart to/into表示“坍塌,破碎,四分五
解题陷阱空处很容易根据空后的of China误认为
裂”。故填to/into。
⑤on keep an eye on表示“关照,照料”,符合句意。故
是特指“中国的首都”,从而误填定冠词the。但是,这
填on。
样与句子前部不衔接。重新调整思路:不是冠词;不需
专题89
定语从句
①that/which从句“I borrowed from the library'”修饰
whose.
先行词the book(指物),关系代词在定语从句中作宾
⑧which/that空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先
语,可用that或which。故填that/which。
行词a company指物,应用which或that。故填
2 which/that从句“we visited last summer”修饰先行
which/that。
词the city(指物),关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,可
⑨where空处引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,先
用which或that。故填which/that,
行词是the place,应用关系副词where。.故填where。.
③when从句“we first met in the park"”修饰先行词the
0that/which空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先
day,关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。故填
行词为Hong Kong kung fu movies,指物,应用关系代
when.
词that或which。故填that/which。
④as空处引导非限定性定语从句,指代前面整句话的
们who空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词为
内容,且有“正如”之意,应用关系代词as。故填as。
Niwa,指人。故填who。
⑤that/which空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先
2that分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,在从句
行词为the way,应用关系代词that或which。故填
中作主语,先行词是不定代词everything,.空处需用关
that/which。
系代词that,不可用which。故填that。
⑥which/that空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先
3that/who空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行
行词为a place,应用关系代词which或that。故填
词是academics“学者”,指人。故填that/who。
which/that。
4that/which分析句意和句子结构可知,空处引导定
⑦whose空处引导定语从句,在从句中作hair的定语,
语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行词是tool,指物。故
先行词是a woman,应用关系代词whose。故填
填that/which。
专题9?名词性从句
①What“we need to do now”为主语从句,缺少宾语,应
2what“
they thought was the most difficult
用连接代词what引导,表示“.…的事情”。句首首字
part”为宾语从句,其中“
they thought'”为主
母大写。故填What。
语从句,空处为thought的宾语,应用连接代词what。
501