内容正文:
专题2
动词的非谓语形式
考什么
高效复习必备
在英语中,一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语动词,再出现动词时,就要使用非谓语形式。动词的
非谓语形式包括不定式、-ing形式(动名词和现在分词)和-ed形式(过去分词)。
主动形式:todo、to be doing、to have done、to have been doing
不定式
被动形式:to be done、to have been done
肯定式
形式
主动形式:doing、having done
现在分词和动名词
被动形式:being done、having been done
否定式:以上肯定形式前加not,如not to do、not doing、not to be done
不定式:作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语、补足语
句法功能
分词:作表语、定语、状语、补足语
非
动名词作主语、表语、宾语、定语
语
只用不定式作宾语的动词:refuse、manage、.care、pretend.
作宾语
只用动名词作宾语的动词(短语):consider、.suggest、.advise、look forward to.。
既可用不定式,也可用动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别的动词:remember、forget.
不定式作定语:Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
作定语
分词作定语:I'd like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in2024.
功能辨析
动名词作定语:The reading room is empty except for a bookshelf in one corner.
作主语或表语:To play with fire is dangerous.
不定式作状语:Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.
作状语
分词作状语:The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.
独立主格作状语:Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow,
后接动词不定式作宾补的动词:advise、alow、ask、beg.
作补足语
非谓语动词作感官动词(词组)、使役动词的宾补
动词leave、keep、find、catch及介词with后作宾补的不定式、分词的区别
329
讲解册
实战高考·英语
⊙
学什么⊙》
重难知识梳理
一、动词不定式
句法
语法规则
示例
功能
不定式作主语时,可以直接放在句首。单个
To enter a good university for further study is my goal
的不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
now.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
It's rude to turn your back on your teacher and refuse
作主语
不定式作主语时,更多放在谓语之后,用t作
to answer.
形式主语,常用于“Itis/was+adj.(+for/of
对老师不予理睬,拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。
sb.)+to do sth.”或“It takes sb.some time
It's necessary for us to help those in need.
to do sth.”句型中
我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
The teacher decided to pretend to have known what
不定式可作intend、plan、expect、pretend、
the boys had done.He chose not to ask the boys but
would like/,love、prefer、wish、decide、agree、
expected to be told everything.
manage、refuse、promise、attempt、choose
老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选
作宾语
learn、fail、afford等动词(短语)的宾语
择不去问孩子们,但是期望被告知一切。
在某些动词,如find、think、consider、feel、He feels/thinks it important to learn English well,but
make、believe等后,常用it作形式宾语,而把
finds it difficult to remember the words.
真正的宾语(不定式)后置
他认为学好英语很重要,但是发现记单词很难。
l.不定式作定语修饰名词,多表示一个主动Is that the way to open the can?
的、将要发生的动作
这是开罐头的方法吗?
2.不定式与名词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve.
动宾关系
老师留给我们许多问题要解决。
3.若不定式是不及物动词,后边应加上适当
He can find no one to make friends with.
作
的介词
他找不到可以交朋友的人。
放在序数词、the only、the next、.“形容词最高
John is always the first one to come up with a good
级+名词”后作定语
idea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。
放在某些名词,如chance、opportunity、way、
I feel greatly honoured to have the chance to deliver a
ability、plan、decision、wish、promise、
speech here..有机会在这里发表演讲,我感到万分荣幸。
attempt、effort、right、patience等后作定语
330
O专题2动词的非谓语形式
续表
句法
语法规则
示例
功能
不定式作表语时,主语多是dream、goal、aim、
My dream is to become a doctor after my graduation
表
purpose、plan等表示“意向、打算、计划”的
from university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
名词
作目的状语时,可位于句首或句中,形式上可I got up early so as to/in order to/to catch the early
用in order to do、so as to do、todo等。注意
bus in the morning.
逻辑主语一致性,位于句末,前边不能有逗号
我早晨早起是为了赶早班公共汽车。
作
作结果状语时,常用于too..to..、enough I asked Mum to put up the tent excitedly,only to be
语
to、so/such as to结构中。only to do常表示
told the tent had been left behind.
出乎意料的结果
我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷,却被告知帐篷忘带了。
I am extremely glad to know that you are coming to
放在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised后
China for a visit during the summer holiday.
作原因状语
我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。
下列动词后常用不定式作宾语补足语:ask、
want、invite、get、force、expect、allow、per-
I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday party.
suade、order、warn、remind、prefer、cause、
我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。
permit、forbid、advise、teach、tell等
下列动词(短语)后接省略to的动词不定式作I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular
宾语补足语:feel、hear、listen to、let、have、recently.=The girl is often heard to sing the song
宾语补足语
make、see、notice、observe、watch、look at which is popular recently by me.
等。但用于被动语态时,不定式需加to
我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌曲。
Robert is said to have studied abroad,but I don't
be said/believed/,reported/known to do类结构
know which country he studied in.据说罗伯特在国外
可以转化为It is said/believed/reported/known
学习过,但我不知道他在哪个国家学习过。
that...
Police are searching for a woman who is reported to
不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或
have been missing since the flood hit the area..警方正
完成式
在寻找自洪水袭击该地区以来失踪的一名妇女。
331
讲解
实战高考·英语
二、动词-ing形式
句法
语法规则
示例
功能
动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语时,可以直接
Playing cellphone games is his favourite.
放在句首。单个的动词-ig形式作主语时,玩手机游戏是他的最爱。
谓语动词用单数形式,但表示多于一个的概Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.
念时,谓语动词则用复数形式
当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
作主语
有时用it作形式主语,常用于Itis/wasa
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.
waste (of...)/no use/no good/no pleasure
想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。
doing sth.句型中
用于There is no doing...固定句型,语气
There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone.
强硬
不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。
动词-ing形式作表语,表示笼统的、抽象的
My hobby is reading books.
概念
我的兴趣爱好是读书。
作
语
表示情绪的动词的-ing形式作表语时,相当
The news is surprising.
于形容词,意为“令人…的”。如amazing、
这则消息令人吃惊。
confusing、frightening、surprising等
spend...(in)doing sth.花费…做某事Don't waste your energy in arguing with him.It's
waste..(in)doing sth..浪费…做某事
useless.别浪费精力和他争论,没用。
be busy/occupied(in)doing sth.忙于做某事
They are busy preparing for the coming exam
prevent/,stop sb.(from)doing sth.阻止某人
他们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。
常考
做某事
The heavy rain prevented us from going out.
省略
have a hard time (in)doing sth.
大雨阻止了我们外出。
介词
做某事有困难
I have a hard time understanding this complex theory.
类动
have difficulty/trouble/problem (in)doing
我很难理解这个复杂的理论。
词短
sth.做某事有困难
There is no point arguing with him.He won't change
语及
have fun(in)doing sth.做某事开心
his mind.
句型
There is no point/sense (in)doing sth.
和他争论没有意义,他不会改变主意的。
做某事没有用。
There is no harm in trying again.Maybe you'll
There is no harm (in)doing sth.
succeed this time
不妨做某事。
再试一次也无妨,也许这次你会成功。
332
O专题2动词的非谓语形式
续表
句法
语法规则
示例
功能
动词-ing形式(动名词)常作介词的宾语。下I help Mum by doing the housework that I can do..
列短语中的to是介词:be used to习惯于、我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。
object to反对、devote oneself to致力于、Isn't it time you got down to marking the papers?
look forward to期盼、get down to着手、be你是不是该认真批改试卷了?
accustomed to习惯于、stick to坚持、pay Many people are opposed to building a large factory
attention tocommit/apply oneself to in this quiet neighborhood because it may cause
致力于、be opposed to反对、when it comes pollution.许多人反对在这个安静的社区建造一座大型
作宾语
to谈到…、attach importance to重视
工厂,因为这可能会造成污染。
动词-ing形式(动名词)可作下列动词的宾语:
mind、miss、mention、enjoy、escape、practise、Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing
postpone、suggest、.tolerate、consider、keep、the violin because his neighbour couldn't tolerate
avoid、admit、advise、allow/permit、.appreci-
listening to the noise every day..小汤姆正考虑放弃练
ate、risk、resist、.recommend、finish、forbid
习拉小提琴,因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪声。
imagine、.dislike、.delay、quit、deny等
置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的动a sleeping child睡着的孩子
作、特征、用途和性能
a swimming pool游泳池
动词-ing形式构成的短语作定语,要放在被
the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩
作
修饰的名词之后
the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥
The house belonging to her is under repair.
注意:having done不能作定语;measure、属于她的房子在维修。
weigh以及belong to、date from、consist of、The group consisting of ten members are in charge of
arise from等短语常用现在分词形式作定语
the pollution problems.
由十名成员组成的小组负责污染问题。
doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与
Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.
句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生
走在大街上,我碰到了一个老朋友。
作
having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓Having waited in line for two hours,.Tom became im-
语
关系,且先于谓语动作发生
patient.已经排了两个小时的队,汤姆变得不耐烦了。
Having been told many times,the boy still made the
having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的
same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次了,
动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发生
这个男孩还是一次又一次地犯相同的错误。
333
讲解册
实战高考·英语
续表
句法
语法规则
示例
功能
现在
分词状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且状态从句
While (I was)walking along the street,I heard my
与状中含有be动词时:
name called.
语从1.省略主语和be动词;
我沿着街道走时,听到有人喊我的名字。
句省
2.“连接词+现在分词”表主动;
He won't go there with us unless (he is)invited.
略的3.“连接词+过去分词”表被动
除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一起去那里。
用法
frankly speaking坦率地说
Judging from his look,he is very sick.
作插
judging from/by根据…来判断
从他的样子判断,他病得很重。
入语
talking of谈到
Considering his age,he did very well.
considering考虑到…
从年龄考虑,他做得挺不错。
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语I am sorry for keeping you waiting for me for such a
补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,结构为
long time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。
“vt.+sb./sth.+doing sth.”。可以用于此The headmaster was angry to catch some students
结构的动词有feel、catch、.find、hear、have/smoking again.
作
keep/get/leave,see/watch/observe/notice
又一次抓住一些学生吸烟,校长很生气。
语
语
with+名词/代词+doing sth.
With prices going up so fast,we can't afford luxuries.
现在分词作宾语补足语,表示主动的、正在进
由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。
行的动作;该结构中用动词不定式表示一个
I cycled off down the road with the dog running behind.
将要发生的动作;用过去分词表示一个被动
我骑着自行车顺着道路行驶,那只狗在后面跟着跑。
动作。省略wth该结构变为独立主格结构
三、动词-ed形式
句法功能
语法规则
示例
l.单个的动词-cd形式作定语,放在被修饰词fallen leaves落叶
之前;动词-ed形式构成的短语作定语,放the bridge completed last month
在被修饰词之后。及物动词的-ed形式作上个月竣工的大桥
作定语
定语,表示被动和完成;不及物动词的-ed Did you see that boy being questioned by the
形式作定语,只表示完成
police?你看见那个男孩受到警察的盘问了吗?
2.being done表示被动的、正在进行的动作
The meeting to be held next week is of great
3.to be done表示被动的、将要发生的动作
importance.下周要举行的会议很重要。
334
O专题2动词的非谓语形式
续表
句法功能
语法规则
示例
1.动词-ed形式作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就
Seen from the top of the mountain,our city
是句子的主语,且主语是动词-ed形式的承
looks beautiful.
受者,动词-ed形式与主语之间存在逻辑上
作状语
从山顶上望去,我们的城市很美。
的动宾关系
Lost in thought,he almost ran into a tree.
2.“be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语时,be
他陷入了沉思,差点儿撞到树。
动词可以省略
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补She had to raise her voice to make herself
作宾语
足语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,构成
heard.她不得不提高嗓门以使自己被听到。
补足语
“vt.+sb./sth.+done”结构
The old man wanted his old watch repaired.
这位老人想要找人修理他的旧手表。
表示情绪的动词的-ed形式作表语时,相当于I felt really surprised when she told me the
作表语
形容词,意为“感到…的”。如amazed、exciting news.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息
confused、frightened、.surprised等
时,我真的感到惊讶。
“连接词十过
If (you are)accepted for this post,you will be
去分词”构
“连接词+过去分词”表示与主语之间的被动
informed within a week.如果你被接受担任这
成状语从句关系
个职务,你将在一周内得到通知。
省略用法
Compared with traditional education,online
compared with/,to..用作插入语,表示
education has many advantages.
“与…相比”,这时介词用to或with均可
与传统教育相比,在线教育有许多优势。
作插入语
Given her interest in children,teaching seems
given(that)..意为“考虑到,鉴于”,后接
the right job for her..考虑到她对孩子的兴趣,
从句
教书似乎是适合她的工作。
练什么⊙
语法实战演练
l.(2025陕西宝鸡高三联考)The day provides us with an opportunity
(deepen)our
understanding of the values of cultural diversity.
2.(2o25淅江嵊州高三适应性考试)If you've ever spent time in China during the summer,you
probably recall seeing people on the streets
(wave)their handheld fans in an
attempt to beat the heat.
335
讲解册
实战高考·英语」
3.(2o25江苏常州五校联考)Poor sleep can damage the brain over time by causing inflamma-
tion and
(affect)the connections between brain cells.
4.(2024山东德州一模)To connect these individuals with the agricultural industry,the50-episode
variety show tackles the topic by asking 10 young men from various fields
(taste)
farm life.
5.(2024山东临沂一模)The results of a recent study
(investigate)this question
showed that musical people had better memory and the ability to stay focused on tasks than
those with less or no musicality.
6.(2o24山东青岛一模)Chinese Loong is the fifth animal of the 12-year Chinese zodiac cycle,
(consider)to be mythical and symbolic of fortune.
7.(2o24山东青岛一模)“Brands should capitalize on traditional Chinese culture to launch more
innovative products,"a research fellow said,
(stress)that the Spring Festival is the
traditional festival Chinese people attach the most importance to,and it's also a peak season
for consumption.
8.(2o24山东日照一模)A group of dancers performed the traditional Chinese Puning Yingge
folk dance in London last Saturday
(celebrate)Chinese New Year and offer people
a cultural feast.
9.(2024山东日照一模)
(hold)a pair of short sticks,the performers,with their faces
painted,jumped and swung the sticks skillfully while walking and dancing,all to the sound of
drums,gongs,and shouts.
10.(2o24山东潍坊一模)This style also calls for practitioners to stay relaxed while
(fight),allowing them to achieve a kind of softness or flexibility.
l1.(2024山东潍坊一模)There she met a young woman
(name)Yim Wing-chun,who
finally became one of her top students
12.(2024山东枣庄一模)In short,Hehe(和合)culture involves
(seek)common
ground while reserving differences,and it means harmonious coexistence and coordinated
development.
l3.(2o24山东枣庄一模)Enlightened by his reply,the Zhang family decided
(bring)
their walls back by approximately one meter.
14.(2o24山东临淄一模)Overusing may lead to many serious problems,such as mental health
problems,
(reduce)learning time and poor interpersonal quality
15.(2024山东临淄一模)
(build)our relationship with nature increases our peace,
positivity and well-being,which brings much benefit.
336讲解册参考答案及解析
专题个。动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
①is required“each of..”作主语时谓语用单数;学生
0promotes本句描述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。
“被要求”提交报告,需用被动语态。故填is required。.
which引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语。
②was conducting“together with”不影响主语单复数,
先行词social media interaction是不可数名词短语。
谓语与主语scientist保持一致;根据语境,停电时实验
故填promotes。
“正在进行”,需用过去进行时。故填was conducting。
们have occurred本句描述《论语》问世产生的影响,结
3s本句陈述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。主语
合前文时态可知,此处也应使用现在完成时,主语
Picking tea leaves是动名词短语,视为单数。故填is。
huge changes为复数。故填have occurred.
解题陷阱个别粗心的考生会根据空前的tea leaves
2 is characterised本句描述客观事实,应使用一般现
在时,主语Anhui cuisine与characterise之间为被动
是复数,填are。但是剩下Picking怎么办?仔细观察
关系,应使用被动语态。主语Anhui cuisine为不可数
才会发现Picking tea leaves才是主语,从而正确填写
名词。故填is characterised。.
答案。
③were forbidden根据时间状语In the old days可知,
④has seen根据时间状语Over the years可知,本句应
此处描述过去的事情,本句应使用一般过去时。主语
使用现在完成时。主语acupuncture是不可数名词。
street dealers与forbid之间为被动关系.应使用被动
故填has seen。
语态,主语street dealers是复数。故填were
⑤had become根据时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可
forbidden。
知,本句应使用过去完成时。故填had become。
4has performed/has been performing根据时间状语
⑥are held本句陈述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。主
从句since she was 16可知,本句应使用现在完成时,
语Annual games(复数)与hold之间为被动关系,应使
也可使用现在完成进行时,表示过去发生的动作持续
用被动语态。故填are held。
到现在,并有可能继续下去,主语为She。故填has
7 houses本句描述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。主
performed/has been performing.
The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breed-
ing是专有名词,视为单数。故填houses。
解题陷阱很容易根据and判断空处与started是并
⑧were added根据时间状语in2022可知,事情发生在
列结构,从而填performed。但是,后面还有表示时间
过去,本句应使用一般过去时。主语Traditional tea
的since she was 16。重新推敲,不难填对答案。
processing techniques and associated social practices in
⑤have been taken根据时间状语in recent years可知,
China与add之间为被动关系,应使用被动语态。主语
本句应使用现在完成时。steps(复数)和take之间为
为复数。故填were added。
被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填have been taken。
is making根据时间状语at present和句意“目前草书
6 will be repaid根据时间状语later in life可知,本句
正卷土重来”可知,空处应使用现在进行时,主语
应用一般将来时。主语The hard work与repay之间
Cursive是不可数名词。故填is making。
为被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填will be repaid。.
专题2。动词的非谓语形式
①to deepen此处需用不定式作后置定语,修饰名词
④to taste ask sb..to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。
opportunity,表示“加深理解的机会”。故填to deepen。
故填to taste。
2 waving此处需用现在分词作宾补,表示“看到人们正
⑤investigating本句谓语动词为showed,所以空处填非
在挥动扇子”,强调动作正在进行。故填waving。
谓语动词,作study的定语,而动词investigate与study
3 affecting动名词作介词by的宾语,与causing并列,表
之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。故
示“通过引起炎症和影响脑细胞连接”。故填affecting。
填investigating。
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Q讲解册参考答案及解析
⑥considered句子已有谓语动词is,空处需填非谓语动
they are fighting'”,省略“主语+be动词”,用现在分词
词,consider和Chinese Loong之间为逻辑上的动宾关
表示动作同时发生。故填fighting。
系。故填considered。
们named此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。a young
7 stressing句子已有谓语动词said,空处需填非谓语动
woman和动词name之间为被动关系。故填named。
词,作伴随状语,a research fellow和stress之间为逻辑
2 seeking involve意为“涉及”,为及物动词,后跟动名
上的主谓关系。故填stressing。
词作宾语。故填seeking。
8 to celebrate句中已有谓语动词performed,故空处需
3 to bring decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。故填
填非谓语动词,结合句意可知,该表演是为了庆祝中国
to bring。
新年,故用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to celebrate。
4 reduced本句谓语为may lead to,所以此处为非谓语
⑨Holding句中已有谓语动词jumped and swung,故空
动词,且learning time与reduce“减少”之间为被动关
处需填非谓语动词。the performers和hold之间为主
系,应用过去分词作定语。故填reduced。
动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。句首首字母大写,
⑤Building本句谓语动词为increases,所以此处为动名
故填Holding。
词短语作主语。空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填
0fighting这里为状语从句的省略,完全形式为“while
Building。
专题3。名词
①necessities此处表示“带上基本的必需品”,necessity
品安全”。故填security。
为可数名词,结合后面列举的“sunscreen,ahat,and
popularity空处作boosting的宾语,被the
drinking water'”可知,应用其复数形式,故填necessities。.
instrument's修饰,应用popular的名词形式
2 efficiency根据并列结构“volume and..”可知,空处
popularity。popularity意为“流行”,是不可数名词。
需填名词与volume(运量)并列。efficient(形容词)转
故填popularity。
化为不可数名词efficiency(效率)。故填efficiency。.
0secrets此处为“one of+可数名词复数”结构,表示
3 treasures句中treasure表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结
“.…之一”。故填secrets。.
合前文“they are”可知,应用其复数形式,故填
们stimulator根据句意并结合空前的“a cognitive”可
treasures.。
知,空处应用名词单数。stimulator意为“刺激物”。故
④completion冠词修饰名词,本空应填名词作介词at
填stimulator。
的宾语,complete的名词形式为completion。comple-
2 products空处需填名词作宾语,product为可数名
tion为不可数名词。故填completion。
词,结合“more”可知,此处应用复数形式。故
⑤criticism根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应
填products。
用名词criticism,表示“批评”,作介词of的宾语。故填
3 wishes根据“spread”可知,空处需填名词作宾语,结
criticism
合句意可知,传递的祝愿不止一个,故用名词复数。故
⑥warning形容词weighty后接名词。根据句中不定冠词
填wishes。.
a可知,此处用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。.
14 emphasis分析句子成分可知,空处应用名词形式,构
7 events根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需
成短语place emphasis on,意为“强调…”。故填
要填名词,且event为可数名词,此处应用复数形式。
emphasis
故填events。
⑤attraction空格处位于不定冠词a之后,因此需要填
8 security空处作介词of的宾语,所以用名词。security
入名词单数,attract的名词形式为attraction。故填
表示抽象概念,为不可数名词。food security意为“食
attraction
专题4。代词
①them此处需用宾格代词them指代前文的keys,作
③themselves设空处指主语the cast members本身,所
look for的宾语。故填them
以用反身代词themselves。.故填themselves。
2ones此处表示泛指,在some of后应用复数形式。故
④their设空处修饰efforts,应用形容词性物主代词
填ones。
their。故填their.。
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