专题1 题型2 推理判断题(精讲册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

0专题1阅读理解 解析：第一步锁定题千关键词：the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now。 第二步迅速在原文中定位相关数据或事实，读懂相关句子的真正含义：Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients()than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.. 第三步进行推算，得出结论，核对选项：三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料 种类比以前更多。 )答案D 典例6(2025广东广州二模) FEES Applicants are required to pay: Registration:420 yuan Insurance:400 yuan/semester 。Tuition: General courses Characteristic courses Three months￥7,500 One semester￥8,900 Three months￥13,800 One semester￥16,500 What is the total cost of a one-semester general course? A.￥8,900. B.￥9,720 C.￥14,620. D.￥17,320 解析：第一步锁定题千关键词：the total cost of a one-semester general course. 第二步迅速在原文中定位相关数据或事实，读懂相关句子的真正含义。在FEES部分中有关 数字计算的细节，“Registration:420yuan;Insurance:400yuan/semester(注册费：420元；保 险费：每学期400元)”和Tuition表格中“General courses One semester￥8,900（学费：普通课程 一学期8900元)”。 第三步进行计算，得出结论，核对选项。一学期普通课程的总费用为420十400十8900=9720 元。故选B。 )答案B 题型二 推理判断题 题型破解 知识点)题型特点 推理判断题难度较大，在高考中占比很重，经常达到4~6题及以上。推理时，我们务必要忠于原 文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推断出未 知部分和作者的言外之意。 设问方式： 1.What's the author's attitude toward...? 245 讲解 实战高考·英语 2.The writer probably feels that 3.What can we learn about...from the first two paragraphs? 4.The passage/story indicates/suggests/implies that... 5.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date? 难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要求考生对文章的深层信息进行挖 掘，将作者在文中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定推 理和判断。该题型旨在通过语句中的同义词、反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力。 考查内容：包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断题、文章出处推断题、写作对象推断题、目的意图 推断题和下文预测推断题。 高频命题点： 1.文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考 2.语言转折和强对比处常考 3.文章中心思想处常考 4.特殊标点符号后的内容常考 5.中间人物引用话语的情境，常考观点态度题 知识点2选项特征 干扰项特征 释义 以细节 将文章中出现的无关紧要或片面推出的结论当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复， 代替推断 并不是推断结论 过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观地陈述事实，考生进行了过度解读和推断 正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误 无中生有 解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向当成作者的观点 主观臆断 根据生活常识推断，虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据 正确选项特征 释义 同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换而成为正确选项 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案 信息归纳 用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括和归纳能力 改变词性或语态 改变原文中重点词的词性或语态，给考生制造某些障碍 知识点3高分技巧 1.理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。 2.对文字的信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章 取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。 3.忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意 揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 246 0专题1阅读理解 4.把握句与句之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，判断作 者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。 特别提醒推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时，我们务 必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常 识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。 命题热点 考点①逻辑推断题 解题技法 第一步：根据题干关键词infer(推断)、suggest(表明，暗示)、conclude(得出结论)、indicate(暗 示，象征)、imply(暗示)、assume(假定，设想)等确定题型。 第二步：抓住关键信息分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文 信息，揣摩细节，利用文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。 第三步：对文中特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理。在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整 合全文或段落信息进行推断。 典例1(2024湖南省长郡中学模拟) "With music,she added,"you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are patterns happening and that they're important.""The world is going to see more and more of these 'wicked problems',the ones that take multiple people with different types of training and background to solve. Now,a group of professors and students are working to bring together music and the envi- ronment in related projects,such as an augmented (reality experience based on this composition.The group wants to spread awareness about the algal blooms,data literacy( and environmental protection. What role did Heather think music plays? A.Providing solutions to the algae problem B.Exposing more wicked problems to the public. C.Showing the economic growth in coastal cities. D.Helping people experience the problems better. 解析：第一步根据题千What role did Heather think..确定推断内容。 第二步定位原文具体信息：“With music,.”she added,“you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are patterns happening and that they're important." 第三步分析leather的话语可知，Heather认为音乐帮助人们更好地体验问题。故选D。 )答案D 247 讲解册 实战高考·英语 典例2(2024江苏海安高级中学模拟) Another explanation for the spread of fake news is "motivated reasoning",writes Adam Wyatz,an American management professor,"we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions. So in a world where misleading information is common,training people to care about fact- checking is important,especially in online communities."We should check things and not just take them at face value,”Sloman says..“Verify before you believe.” Which of the following is an example of "motivated reasoning"? A.You post a message online that gives your personal opinion about a news story. B.You think a university professor dishonest when everybody around you says so. C.You search online for more information about a doubtful story on social media. D.You trust a damaging story about someone who you always judge negatively. 解析：第一步根据题千Which of the following is an example.,.确定推断内容。 第二步定位具体信息：..“we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.”。 第三步理解信息句，比对四个选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。 )答案D 考点2观点态度题 解答此类题目时，考生应透过文章的字面意义去分析和理解。作者的态度和观点通常有：支持、 赞同乐观：反对、批评、怀疑、悲观：中立、客观。考生需要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度 是一致的还是相反的。有些文章中，作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才 能作出正确的判断。常见的表达作者情感、态度的词语如下： positive积极的，肯定的optimistic乐观的supportive支持的 approval赞同的 支持、肯定 favorable有利的，赞同的 negative消极的，否定的pessimistic悲观的critical批判的，批评的 uncaring冷漠的 反对、否定 unconcerned漠不关心的doubtful怀疑的indifferent冷漠的disappointed失望的 中立、客观 neutral中立的objective客观的tolerant容忍的 解题技法 第一步：锁定题干中关键词。分析题干，抓牢关键词，如feel、attitude、view等； 第二步：文中定褒贬。从文章中找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬 性及态度变化的标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步作出判断； 第三步：核对细节词。牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背 景知识。 248 0专题1阅读理解 特别提醒重点关注文中表示转折意义的词语，如but、however、yet等，一般其后才是作者真正 的态度或意图。在说明文中，作者的态度通常是客观的或支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是 多种多样的。注意作者或文中人物的措辞，分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己的观点代替 作者或文中人物的观点。 典例3(2024河南、山西大联考) Leo Walsh participated in the design of the minivan,a kind of vehicle,which revolution- ized the way families traveled 40 years ago to generations of Americans. After graduating from Virginia Tech with a degree in engineering in 1956,Walsh was hired by Chrysler in Detroit."That was the best decision I ever made,because if I'd gone to GM,I could have been lost in a big hurry,"Walsh said.The engineer proved his ability while making 485 a month."I was the youngest chief engineer at Chrysler at that time," Walsh recalled. Walsh was approached by the manager in 1976 to design a vehicle unlike any other. Walsh's team didn't waste time."We designed a prototype()by cutting down the big vans,"Walsh explained.But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust."We kept proving that it was workable through the prototypes,"Walsh said.Then eight years later, Chrysler's new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project."He thought it was a product that needed to be on the market,"Walsh said."It was decided to produce it in 1984."With its extra cargo()space and roominess for passengers,the Chrysler minivan was an instant hit."It became the cash cow of Chrysler Corporation,Walsh said. After 32 years in Chrysler,Walsh retired in 1988 just four years after the first minivan was produced."The world's best minivans and that is true,Walsh said."It was a landmark vehi- cle."2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the minivan,proving good ideas get good gas mile- age.The 93-year-old doesn't take credit for the minivan.To this day Walsh sings high praise for his talented team. Admirably,the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving."I enjoyed every minute of those jobs.That is all I have got to say,Walsh said."I enjoyed every minute of my career.I am very fortunate to be there at the beginning. What was the attitude of the CEOs before Lee Iacocca to Walsh's prototype? A.Unclear. B.Approving. C.Tolerant. D.Dismissive 解析：第一步读题干，确定这是推理判断题中的观，点态度题。 第二步定位细节：第三段中的“But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust..” 以及“Then eight years later,Chrysler's new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the projeet..”。 第三步据此分析，在Lee lacocca之前的CEO们对Walsh团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选D。 )答案D 249 讲解册 实战高考·英语 典例4(2023一2024北京高三期中) In brief,NASA's success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praise- worthy,but much more needs to be done before we can say the world's security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed. What is the author's attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids'orbits? A.Neutral. B.Optimistic. C.Pessimistic. D.Not mentioned. 解析：第一步确定题干是推理判断题中的观，点态度题。 第二步定位细节：In brief,NASA's success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy,but much more needs to be done before we can say the world's security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed. 第三步分析这句话可知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道持赞赏的态度。故选B。 )答案B 考点3文章出处题 文章类型 特征 书刊、杂志 中心内容突出，类别特征明显。如：以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的科普杂志 报纸类 通常在文中出现日期、地点等名称 网站、网络 文中常有如www、web、online、click、mouse等用词 旅游手册 提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇，如souvenir等 说明书 文中会出现设备、器具使用说明，药品服用次数、数量等 解题技法 第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词语，如poster(海报)、travel brochure(旅游指南)、journal(杂 志)、instruction(说明书)、digest(文摘)、science journal(科学期刊)等。 第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注 小标题。牢记选项词。 第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。 典例5(2024湖北襄阳四中模拟) With such a strong artistic heritage,it's no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries.These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list. Royal Academy of Arts (RA),London Not your standard gallery,the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art,but its practice.It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking.Besides,what sets the RA apart is its engagement with the public through participatory experiences,allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in innova- tive ways. 2501 ○专题1阅读理解 Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts,Norwich Whitworth,Manchester After a sky-high f 15 million development,the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England.Making full use of its picturesque park setting,the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace ()all waiting to be explored.Inside the gallery,you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions. Where is the text probably taken from? A.An art textbook. B.An art student's paper. C.A personal travel blog. D.A travel guidebook. 解析：第一步读题干，确定该题为文章出处题，分析选项，明白不同文体的特点。 第二步通读全文，关注关键信息：第一段“.，it's no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries.These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.”。 第三步根据关键词add to your must--visit list可知，本文可能是一篇旅游指南。故选D。 )答案D 典例6(2023湖南邵东第一中学校考) The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally.At the heart of each university is the library,a space for students to access resources,absorb knowledge and gather thoughts.Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK. The British Library,London Located in London,the British Library is home to over 170 million items.The collections offer a glimpse into literary heritage over the ages,from books to maps to manuscripts.Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci's notebook.Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms. Bodleian Old Library,Oxford Dating back to 1488,the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms.It is cele- brated for its late Gothic architecture.You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter.Students at the university automatically get access to the library. John Rylands Library,Manchester In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found? A.Culture. B.Fashion. C.Science. D.Entertainment. 解析：第一步读题干，确定该题为文章出处题。分析选项，明白不同文体的特点。 第二步定位文章第一段“The UK is home to26 world-ranked..Here are some of our 251 讲解册 实战高考·英语 must-visit libraries across the UK.”。 第三步分析信息可知，文章介绍了在英国必须要去的图书馆，在报纸的文化专栏中可能找到这 篇文章。故选A。 )答案A 考点④目的意图题 此类题目可通过分析文章的文体特点，理解文中的词句意义、作者的语气来推断作者的写作意图。 记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该 哲理展开(to tell a story、to entertain readers、.to share an experience...)。 应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言(to sell、to attract、to persuade、to promote...)。 说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句(to introduce、to explain、toin- form、to make comparisons..)。 议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。 典例7(2024河南、山西大联考)》 Can happiness be obtained by learning about it in school?The University of Bristol's Science of Happiness course,which launched in 2018,is helping answer that question.Not your typical college class,the innovative course features absolutely no tests or work.Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy.Now,the research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it is really possible to learn how to be happy. Thanks to their course,researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific studies focusing on happiness results in a notable improvement in well- being.During this latest project,they took things a step further.Their work shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived-unless individuals practice what's been taught during the course for ages. "It's like going to the gym-we can't expect to do one class and be fit forever.Just as with physical health,we have to continuously work on our mental health,otherwise the improve- ments are temporary,"explains senior study author Professor Bruce Hood.Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent improvement in well-being.However,only those who continued practicing what they learned during the course reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again two years later.This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended. Why does Prof.Hood mention“the gym”in paragraph3？ A.To offer a solution. B.To make a prediction. C.To illustrate an idea. D.To raise a question. 252 O专题1阅读理解 解析：第一步分析题干，确定该题为目的意图题。 第二步定位细节：第二段“Thanks to their course,researchers had already established that. during the course for ages.”和第三段中的“It's like going to the gym-we can't expect to do one class and be fit forever.”。 第三步分析具体信息可知，Hood提到gy是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持 长期实践该课程所学的内容，就像去健身房一样，不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故 选C。 )答案C 典例8(2024浙江杭州一模) Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing,has been detained(). During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers'Stadium in the city's Chaoyang District on Thursday,the fan,whose surname is Di,ran onto the field,giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi.He was run after by security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A.To give a brief introduction of the event. B.To provide background information about the match. C.To explain what fans should do when attending a game. D.To warn the fans not to break the public rules. 解析：第一步分析题干，“the main purpose”表明该题是写作意图题。 第二步定位细节：第一段“Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing,has been detained(逮捕).”。 第三步分析文本可知，第一段的主要目的是对事件进行简要介绍。故选A。 )答案A 题型三主旨大意题 题型破解 知识点①题型特点 主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常1~2题。题目具有一定难度，属于易错难题。解答此 类题目，考生可借助文中主题句概括文章的主旨大意。主题句具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章 或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。 说明文和议论文的主题句多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。记叙文多在文章 253