内容正文:
讲解册参考答案及解析
专题个。动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
①is required“each of..”作主语时谓语用单数;学生
0promotes本句描述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。
“被要求”提交报告,需用被动语态。故填is required。.
which引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语。
②was conducting“together with”不影响主语单复数,
先行词social media interaction是不可数名词短语。
谓语与主语scientist保持一致;根据语境,停电时实验
故填promotes。
“正在进行”,需用过去进行时。故填was conducting。
们have occurred本句描述《论语》问世产生的影响,结
3s本句陈述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。主语
合前文时态可知,此处也应使用现在完成时,主语
Picking tea leaves是动名词短语,视为单数。故填is。
huge changes为复数。故填have occurred.
解题陷阱个别粗心的考生会根据空前的tea leaves
2 is characterised本句描述客观事实,应使用一般现
在时,主语Anhui cuisine与characterise之间为被动
是复数,填are。但是剩下Picking怎么办?仔细观察
关系,应使用被动语态。主语Anhui cuisine为不可数
才会发现Picking tea leaves才是主语,从而正确填写
名词。故填is characterised。.
答案。
③were forbidden根据时间状语In the old days可知,
④has seen根据时间状语Over the years可知,本句应
此处描述过去的事情,本句应使用一般过去时。主语
使用现在完成时。主语acupuncture是不可数名词。
street dealers与forbid之间为被动关系.应使用被动
故填has seen。
语态,主语street dealers是复数。故填were
⑤had become根据时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可
forbidden。
知,本句应使用过去完成时。故填had become。
4has performed/has been performing根据时间状语
⑥are held本句陈述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。主
从句since she was 16可知,本句应使用现在完成时,
语Annual games(复数)与hold之间为被动关系,应使
也可使用现在完成进行时,表示过去发生的动作持续
用被动语态。故填are held。
到现在,并有可能继续下去,主语为She。故填has
7 houses本句描述一般情况,应使用一般现在时。主
performed/has been performing.
The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breed-
ing是专有名词,视为单数。故填houses。
解题陷阱很容易根据and判断空处与started是并
⑧were added根据时间状语in2022可知,事情发生在
列结构,从而填performed。但是,后面还有表示时间
过去,本句应使用一般过去时。主语Traditional tea
的since she was 16。重新推敲,不难填对答案。
processing techniques and associated social practices in
⑤have been taken根据时间状语in recent years可知,
China与add之间为被动关系,应使用被动语态。主语
本句应使用现在完成时。steps(复数)和take之间为
为复数。故填were added。
被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填have been taken。
is making根据时间状语at present和句意“目前草书
6 will be repaid根据时间状语later in life可知,本句
正卷土重来”可知,空处应使用现在进行时,主语
应用一般将来时。主语The hard work与repay之间
Cursive是不可数名词。故填is making。
为被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填will be repaid。.
专题2。动词的非谓语形式
①to deepen此处需用不定式作后置定语,修饰名词
④to taste ask sb..to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。
opportunity,表示“加深理解的机会”。故填to deepen。
故填to taste。
2 waving此处需用现在分词作宾补,表示“看到人们正
⑤investigating本句谓语动词为showed,所以空处填非
在挥动扇子”,强调动作正在进行。故填waving。
谓语动词,作study的定语,而动词investigate与study
3 affecting动名词作介词by的宾语,与causing并列,表
之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作后置定语。故
示“通过引起炎症和影响脑细胞连接”。故填affecting。
填investigating。
498专题1
动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
⊙
考什么
高效复习必备
一、动词的时态和语态
在英语中,时态表示一个动作在某一时间所处的状态。英语时态中的时间有4种(现在、过去、将
来和过去将来),状态也有4种(一般、进行、完成和完成进行)。把4种时间和4种状态进行排列
组合,就构成了16种不同的时态。
般现在时:do、docs
般过去时:did
般将来时:will do、am/is/are going to do、am/is/are about to do、am/is/are to do
过去将来时:woulddo、was/were going to do、was/were about to do、was/were to do
现在进行时:am/is/are doing
时态
过去进行时:was/were doing
将来进行时:will be doing
现在完成时:have/has done
过去完成时:had done
将来完成时:will have done
现在完成进行时:have/has been doing
主将从现
时态的呼应
含宾语从句的主从复合句的时态一致问题
含虚拟语气的句子的时态一致问题
滑语动词
一般现在时:am/is/are done
-般过去时:was/were done
一般将来时:will be done
过去将来时:would be done
现在进行时:am/is/are being done
被动语态
过去进行时:was/were being done
现在完成时:have/has been done
过去完成时:had been done
情态动词:can/may/must..be done
319
讲解册
实战高考·英语
二、主谓一致
主谓一致指的是主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常与谓语动词的时态和语态结
合起来进行考查。
谓语动词和主语单、复数形式上保持一致
指同一人或物(成套的物)或同一个概
念时,单数
当and连接两个词作主语时,复数
并列单数主语前如果有no、each、every
或more than a/an/one、many a(n),单数
语法
致原则
主语后跟有with、together with、except、but、like、&
as well as、no less
than、rather than、besides、along with、including、in addition to等,谓
语动词只跟主语的单复数形式保持一致
either/neither+-of+复数名词/代词,
单复数都可
either、neither、each、every或“no+单
数名词”和由some-、any-、no-、every
none of+.不可数名词,单数
构成的复合不定代词作主语,单数
none of+-复数名词,单复数都可
“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of等+名词”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”作
主语时,谓语动词的数要根据后面的名词而定
主谓一致
谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义保持一致
集体名词作主语时,表示整体概念,单数;表示集体中的成员,复数
表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,单数
what、who、which、any、more、most、a等代词作主语时,单复数皆
可,主要靠意思决定
逻辑意义
致原则
what、who、which、when等引导主语从句时,主句的谓语动词也要根
据句意来确定单复数形式
单复数同形,谓语动词视语境而定,如means'“方式”、works“工厂”、species
“种类”等
trousers,复数;a/the pair of trousers,单数
“定冠词the+形容词或过去分词”表示“某一类人”,用复数:表示“某一类
东西”,用单数
either..or..、neither...nor..、not only.but(also)、whether..or.
就近一致原则
there be句型
320
O专题1动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
⊙
学什么⊙
重难知识梳理
一、动词的时态和语态
考点清单一:一般现在时的四种典型用法
用法
标志
示例
1.表示经常发生的动作或存在的
usually,every day,
I leave home for school at 7:00 am every day.
状态
always...
我每天早上7点离开家去上学。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around
2.表示客观事实和普遍真理
the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
3.在含有时间、条件状语从句的
When the spring comes,the flowers will bloom.
主从复合句中,从句常用一般
when,as soon as,the
当春天来临时,花儿会绽放。
现在时代替将来时,即“主将
moment,once,unless...
If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.
从现”
如果明天下雨,我们就会待在家里。
4.表示飞机、火车、轮船(“飞火
The next plane arrives at 3:15 this afternoon.
plane,train,ship
轮”)时刻表且有明确时间状语
下一班飞机今天下午3:15到达。
考点清单二:现在进行时的三种典型用法
用法
标志
示例
His mom is cooking now.他妈妈现在正在做饭。
now,currently,at the
1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
Listen!She is singing an English song.
moment,look,listen...
听!她正在唱一首英文歌。
2.瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示
go,come,run,leave,
Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few
将来发生的动作
take..·
days.几天后简和贝蒂要去度假。
3.always、forever、continually、
He is constantly leaving his things about.
constantly等频度副词与现在
always,forever,con-
(表责怪)他总是把自己的东西到处乱放。
进行时连用,表示赞扬、抱怨、
tinually,constantly...
They are forever quarreling about something.
不满等感情色彩
(表不满)他们总是为某事争吵不休。
考点清单三:现在完成时的四种典型用法
1.表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现
Have you ever talked to him about it'?你跟他谈过这事吗?
在,并有可能继续下去,概括为:发生在过
It hasn't rained these days.这些天没下过雨。
去,影响在现在
321
讲解册
实战高考·英语
续表
2.副词标志:already、ever、never、recently、
I've written the email,but I haven't sent it yet
lately、yet等
我已经写好了电子邮件,但是我还没有发出。
短语标志:so far=up to now=to date(到So far there has been no bad news.
现在为止)、ever since(自从…以来;一
到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。
直)、for days(数天)、in/over the past two
We've planted thousands of trees in the past few years.
years(在过去两年)等
过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。
3.It/This is the first/second/third...time+
It's the first time she has driven a car.
that从句
这是她第一次开车。
4.It/This is the best/,worst..+名词+定语
That's the most interesting book I've ever read.
从句
这是我看过的最有趣的一本书。
考点清单四:现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较
现在完成进行时
现在完成时
示例
Have you been meeting him recently?
你最近常和他见面吗?
表示动作的重复
一般不表示重复性
Have you met him recently?
你最近见到过他吗?
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。(表示不满)
含有感情色彩
一般是平铺直叙
I have waited for you for two hours.
我等了你两个小时。(说明事实)
Who has been eating the oranges?
谁一直在吃这些橘子呀?(还剩余一些)
强调过程
强调结果
Who has eaten the oranges?
谁把橘子吃光了?(强调吃得一个不剩)
考点清单五:一般过去时和现在完成时的用法比较
一般过去时
现在完成时
示例
I lived in London for many years,but
侧重过去某个时间发生的动作或
从过去开始,持续到现在的动作
I've never regretted my final decision
存在的状态,只陈述过去的事实,
或过去发生的动作对现在产生的to move back to China.
与现在无关
影响或结果,侧重现在的情况
我在伦敦住了很多年,但我从未后悔我
最终决定搬回中国。
322
O专题1动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
考点清单六:过去完成时的四种典型用法
用法
标志
示例
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that
by,by the end of,by
work.
1.表示某一动作或状态在过去某
the time...
到昨天早上5点,我们已经完成了那项工作。
一时间之前或过去某一动作之
前已经完成
I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered
before,until,
when,
the university.
than...
在进入大学之前,我已经学会了5000个单词。
2.intend等动词用于过去完成
mean,hope,want,
I had intended to call on you,but I was prevented
时,可以用来表示本来打算做
plan,expect,think,
from doing so.我本来打算去拜访你,但被阻止了。
而未做的事
intend...
It was the fourth time that she had shopped
3.It was the first time that...
first,second...
online for hours.
型,that从句用过去完成时
这是她第四次连续几个小时在网上购物。
She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.
hardly...when...,
4.hardly...when...
和
no
她刚一上床铃声就响了。
no sooner...than...
sooner...than...
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb
exploded.他们刚离开大楼,一枚炸弹就爆炸了。
考点清单七:一般将来时的五种典型用法
用法
示例
My sister will be 18 next year.
我姐姐明年就十八岁了。
1.will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,是最
-George phoned while you were out.
常见的一般将来时的表达形式。注意will do还可以
OK.I will phone him back.
表示不以人的意志为转移的自然规律;表示临时性决
你不在的时候乔治给你打电话了。
定或打算;还可以用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”的句
好的,我会给他回电话的。
型中
Work hard,and you will succeed.
努力工作,你会成功的。
Are you going to play basketball after class?
2.am/is/are going to do是一般将来时的另一种表达方
下课后你要去打篮球吗?
式,表示推测时,强调有充分依据,尤指天气变化
Look at those black clouds.It is going to rain.
看那些乌云,要下雨了。
323
讲解册
实战高考·英语
续表
用法
示例
3.am/is/are about to do表示打算或根据安排即将发生
The English evening is about to start.
的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用
英语晚会就要开始了。
There is to be a slide show this afternoon.
4.am/is/are to do表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务
今天下午有一场幻灯片放映。
要求要发生的动作,这种动作通常是为人的意志所控
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
制的;也可用于征求意见
你们必须在十点钟之前交作业。
I am leaving for Shanghai on Sunday
5.现在进行时表将来,主要用于表示按计划或安排要发
我星期天动身去上海。
生的动作,所用动词多是表示位置转移的动词,如
When are you going back to your factory?
come、go、leave、start、move、arrive等
你什么时候回工厂?
考点清单八:主动形式表示被动意义的五种典型用法
要点精讲1:“系动词+表语”结构中,系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些系动词分为三类:
(I)感官类系动词:look、seem、appear、feel、sound、taste、smell
(2)变化类系动词:become、turn、come、go、fall、get
(3)保持、证明类系动词或短语:stay、keep、be、remain、prove、turn out
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口利于病。
His dream of being a dancer has come true.他当舞蹈家的梦想实现了。
What he said proved to be correct in the end.他说的话最后被证明是正确的。
要点精讲2:write、.read、sell、wear、wash、open、shut等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性,
多用于“动词+副词”结构,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很顺畅。
要点精讲3:某些不及物动词(短语),本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。如happen(发
生)、occur(发生,出现)、exist(存在)、come out(出版)、come into being(产生)、come about(发
生)、break out(爆发)、belong to(属于)、date from=date back to(追溯到)、arise from(由…引
起)、run out(用光)、pay off(努力得到回报)等。
When did the accident occur?事故是什么时候发生的?
The book lying on the top of the shelf belongs to me.放在书架顶层的那本书是我的。
This year's event will take place on June 19th,a week earlier than usual.
今年的活动将于6月19日举行,比往年提前了一周。
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O专题1动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
要点精讲4:measure“测量”、weigh“称重”后接短语主动表被动;be worth doing、want/need/
require doing中动名词为主动表被动;be to blame“该受到责备”也是主动表被动。
The pond measures about2 metres across..这个池塘宽约两米。
This novel is well worth reading.这本小说很值得一读。
The classroom badly requires cleaning.这个教室急需打扫。
Which driver was to blame for the accident?哪个司机该为这次事故负责?
要点精讲5:在“b+形容词+不定式短语”结构中,不定式为主动形式表被动意义。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。
The baby is not easy to look after.这个婴儿不容易照看。
二、主谓一致
考点清单一:语法一致的九种典型用法
要点精讲1:不定式、动名词和从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
Why he was absent from the meeting yesterday is being questioned.
他正在被询问昨天为什么没来开会。
要点精讲2:分数、百分数、some、all、most、the rest等修饰名词时,谓语动词与所修饰的名词的单
复数保持一致。
Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty.
那个国家70%的人口仍处于贫困状态。
The rest of the book is very interesting.这本书的其余部分非常有趣。
要点精讲3:and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果并列主语指同一个人、同一事
物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前面如果分别有each、
every、no、many a等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
A cart and horse was seen in the direction of the town.
看见一辆马车朝城镇的方向驶来。
Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mistake in the math exam.
许多男孩和女孩在数学考试中犯了同样的错误。
要点精讲4:主语后面跟有with、along with、together with、as well as、rather than、including、
like、but、except等引起的短语时,谓语动词在人称与数上应与前面的主语保持一致。
Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to my forty-ninth birthday party last Friday.
汤姆和他的两个朋友被邀请参加了我上星期五的49岁生日聚会。
要点精讲5:a large quantity/amount of..作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;large quantities/
amounts of..作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.每年在广告上花费大量的钱。
325
讲解
实战高考·英语
Large amounts of special fuel are needed to launch a rocket into space.
向太空发射火箭需要大量的特殊燃料。
要点精讲6:the number of..表示“.…的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;a number
o..表示“大量,许多”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The number of the students in Class 7 is 65.And a number of them are keen on reading.
7班的学生人数是65人。他们中的许多人热衷于阅读。
要点精讲7:one of..后接定语从句,从句谓语动词用复数形式;the only one of.,后接定语从
句,从句谓语动词用单数形式。
Johnson is one of the farmers who live in the valley.
约翰逊是住在山谷里的农民之一。
Johnson is the only one of the farmers who lives in the valley.
约翰逊是唯一一个住在山谷里的农民。
要点精讲8:all、both、each、every、either、.neither、none等代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数视意
思而定。
Each student in Class 29 has at least three dictionaries.
29班每个学生至少有三本词典。
The students each have at least three dictionaries.
学生每人至少有三本词典。
All of the money was given to the poor villagers last month
上个月所有的钱都给了贫穷的村民。
要点精讲9:在强调句型Itis..that..中也应考虑主谓一致。
It was Jim that was praised by the headmaster this morning.
今天早上被校长表扬的是吉姆。
考点清单二:意义一致的四种典型用法
用法
标志词
示例
The football team is made up of 23 members
1.集体名词作主语时,强调整体,
family,class,team,
足球队由23名队员组成。
谓语动词用单数形式;强调成
committee,
group,
The football team are training on the play-
员,谓语动词用复数形式
crew,audience
ground.足球队正在运动场训练。
Chinese people are hard-working and brave.
2.某些集体名词如people等作主
中国人勤劳勇敢。
语时,谓语动词必须用复数people,police,cattle
The police are searching the forest for the
形式
escaped prisoners.警方正在森林中搜查逃犯。
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O专题1动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
续表
用法
标志词
示例
Such a chemical works is to be closed next year.
3.单复数同形的名词如sheep等
Chinese,
Japanese,
这样一家化工厂将于明年关闭。
作主语时,谓语动词应根据其
sheep,deer,species,
This species has nearly died out because its
意义或限定词决定单、复数
works,means
habitat is being destroyed.
由于栖息地遭到破坏,这个物种几乎灭绝了。
4.“the+形容词(或分词)”作主
the rich,the poor,
The rich of the district are responsible.
语表示一类人时,谓语动词通
the beautiful,the
这个地区的富人有责任。
常用复数形式;表示抽象概念
injured,the living,
The beautiful is the true.美就是真。
时,谓语动词用单数形式
the wounded
考点清单三:就近一致的两种典型用法
要点精讲l:并列连词either..or..、neither..nor..·、not only..but(also).·、whether..·
or..等连接并列主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
Is neither he nor you telling the truth?他和你说的都不是真话吗?
Not only you but also she is to blame for the traffic accident.
不仅你而且她都应该为这次交通事故负责。
要点精讲2:there be句型及the following句型中的谓语动词应与最近的主语保持人称和数的
一致。
There is a pencil and two dictionaries on the desk.书桌上有一支铅笔和两本词典。
There are two dictionaries and a pencil on the desk.书桌上有两本词典和一支铅笔。
The following is the information about plays which will be on these days.
以下是这几天将要上演的戏剧的相关信息。
吃语法实战演练
n.⊙
1.(2025新高考八省三模)Each of the students
(require)to submit a project report by
Friday.
2.(2025新高考八省一模)The scientist,together with his assistants,.
conduct)
experiments in the lab when the power outage occurred
3.(2024湖南衡阳一模)Picking tea leaves
(be)an important spring activity in the
Yangtze River Basin in South China.
4.(2024河南高考适应性测试)Over the years,acupuncture(针灸)
(see)many
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讲解册
实战高考·英语
advancements in scientific research and modern medicine.
5.(2024湖南九校联盟第二次联考)By the Shang Dynasty,these symbols
(become)a
well-developed writing system.
6.(2024广东佛山一模)Annual games
(hold)during the region's Miao ethnic group's
harvest festival in the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar.
7.(2o24江西鹰潭一模)The Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding
(house)more than 200 pandas.
8.(2o24湖南衡阳一模)Traditional tea processing techniques and associated social practices in
China
(add)to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity in 2022.
9.(2024渐江宁波镇海中学首考模拟)Cursive(草书)
(make)a comeback at present as
states including New Hampshire,Utah and,most recently,California are embracing hand-
writing requirements in their educational standards.
l0.(2024山东淄博一模)Acceptance increases peace within us,unlike social media interaction,
which
(promote)self-judgment and other-judgment.
11.(2024安微一模)Society has developed greatly and huge changes
(occur)as well
after the birth of The Analects of Confucius.
12.(2024安徽“皖南八校”第二次联考)Anhui cuisine
(characterise)by its heavy use
of oil,deeply flavored sauces,and superior soups and stock
l3.(2024安徽黄山一模)In the old days,.street dealers
(forbid)from letting their
shoulder poles()touch the ground in order to protect the bluestone laid on all the
streets and alleys here.
14.(2024湖南长沙一中月考五)She started learning at10and
(perform)with the
Northern Kunqu Opera Theatre since she was 16.
15.(2024淅江宁波十校二模)Fortunately,steps
(take)to save the Siberian tiger in
recent years and as a consequence numbers are on the rise.
l6.(2024广东深圳期末考试)Don't worry.The hard work that you do now
(repay)
later in life.
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