专题1 题型4 词义猜测题(精讲册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

讲解册 实战高考·英语 these dynamics become more one-sided,we tend to lose interest and create distance in our friendships,with less trust established,less honesty exchanged. Thankfully,we can all improve our listening skills.Maybe we aren't as good a listener as we believe.Do we tend to focus too much on ourselves-both in positive and negative ways? Do we get distracted by an inner coach,rather than living in the moment and really engaging in what's being said?As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds,we can start to open ourselves up to others,becoming better listeners,thinkers,lovers and friends. Which of the following titles best captures the main idea? A.The Decline of Listening in Modern Society B.Improving Listening Skills for Better Relationships C.The Impact of Narcissism on Social Communication D.Why We Should Listen More and Speak Less 析：第一步阅读全文找线索。第四段中的“We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations.”和最后一段中的“Thankfully,we can all improve our listening skills..”“Aswe learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds,we can start to open ourselves up to others,becom- ing better listeners..”。 第二步分析文本抓关键，确定大意。其中的关键词语是conversations、improve our listening skills和becoming better listeners。 第三步分析选项定答案。根据关键词和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了如何通过提高倾听技 巧来获得更好的人际关系。故选B。 )答案B 题型四 词义猜测题 题型破解 知识点1题型特点 词义猜测题要求考生对文中的某个生词、熟词（熟词生义）、短语或句子进行理解并选出其准确的 意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。在阅读过程中，考生可通过逻辑关系、上下文、生活 常识、文化背景、构词法等猜测其含义。 难度分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大，突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查，这 对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。 考查内容：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题和句意猜测题。 知识点2选项特征 干扰项特征 1.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义 2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的单词和短语的选项一般是错误选项 3.拘泥于字面意思，所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词词义背过而忽略上下文，从而产生主观臆断 260 0专题1阅读理解 正确选项特征 释义 逻辑通顺 内容上与单词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑 代词查询 代词指代有时与上文距离较远，需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论 本意延伸 真实的含义与其字面意思无关，在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展 知识点3高分技巧 1.根据构词法进行猜测。构词法是猜测生词含义的重要依据，根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比 较接近单词的真实意思，准确度较高。近几年高考阅读文本中出现了派生词、合成词，且没有 给出注解，考生需要利用构词法理解其含义。 2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读文本中出现的生词下文有时紧跟一个同位语，对生词进行解释， 这时可利用同位关系对上文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。 3.根据定义或下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的单词或短语，下面接 着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 4.根据逻辑关系进行猜测。 表示因果关系的词语，如because、since、for、as、thus、therefore、consequently、hence、so、 accordingly、due to、owing to、so..that..等。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出 原因。 表转折或对比关系的词语，如but、however、otherwise、in contrast等，前后句之间存在转折关 系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 5.根据举例推测词义。有时，画线部分后会有一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考生理解该词 的词义。关键词语有such as、such..as..、for example、for instance、including、like、 especially等。 6.根据标点符号猜测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 7.根据同义词、近义词或反义词等猜测词义。同义词、近义词或反义词附近往往有and、or、but、 however等关键词作暗示。 命题热点 考点代词指代题 分析近几年高考题可知，代词指代题都需要借助上下文语境以及逻辑关系来进行猜测，常出现在 人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中。 解题技法 第一步：审读题干，判断代词it、one、they、this、that、these、those、which等具体指代的含义，可 先辨明指代单数还是复数，指人、物，还是一件事等。 第二步：返回原文，找到指代词：向上（有时向下）搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子。 第三步：将找到的词、词组或句子代人代词部分，看意思和逻辑关系是否合理，从而确定最佳选项。 261 讲解册 实战高考·英语 典例1(2024浙江1月B篇) When was the last time you used a telephone box?I mean to make an actual phone call- not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago,right?The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions()for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing,I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more "young professional". What does the underlined word "it"in the first paragraph refer to? A.The play.B.The shared house. C.The sofa. D.The telephone box. 解析：第一步审读题干找代词。本题考查代词t。 第二步定位代词。第一段最后一句话。 第三步上下求索，明确指代。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions(试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专 业”一点儿，所以t代指“合租房”。故选B。 )答案B 典例2(2024全国高三专题训练) To improve road safety and raise awareness among Russia's notoriously(臭名昭著地) careless drivers,Russian police have tried to get drivers to slow down at zebra()crossings by having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest streets in some of the big cities. The light grey horses,painted with black stripes ()carried signs on their backs reading:"Careful,children are on their way to school.The police sent the "zebras"to several different locations in the Russian capital,where officials in orange vests walked them over zebra crossings and handed out leaflets()to passing drivers. What does the underlined word "them"in paragraph 2 refer to? A.The zebras.B.The policemen. C.The horses.D.The drivers. 解析：第一步审读题千找代词。本题考查代词them。 第二步定位代词。第二段最后一句话。 第三步上下求索，明确指代。根据该段内容可知，them指的是上文提到的被画上斑马条纹的 马。故选C。 )答案C 考点2单词或短语猜测题 解题技法 第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息； 第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换； 第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。 解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。 262 0专题1阅读理解 典例3(2023全国甲卷) Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself).Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. Which is closest in meaning to "a dab hand"in paragraph 1? A.An artist. B.A winner. C.A specialist D.A pioneer. 解析：第一步审读题千找词汇。本题考查a dab hand的含义。 第二步定位短语。第一段第一句话。 第三步上下求索，断明词义。根据画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself..”可推知，此处指 Terri Bolton是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist.(一位专业人员。)”最接近画线短语“adab hand”的意思。故选C。 )答案C 典例4(2024淅江二模) ·… I think that we shouldn't forget that we shouldn't train our students for today or tomorrow;we should train them for 10 to 20 years from now.Because then they will be the innovators in our society,and they will be the persons that make a difference.Training our students for future means that they have to be able to surpass the border of our current knowledge.This is what I mean by the playground.I mean that you have sufficient space to think,to discover and to be free to make mistakes,but in particular to make the next steps,be creative and not limited by what should be done.A lot of things happen by accident and suddenly you get a major breakthrough or new insight.Schools should encourage students to ask questions and be creative. What does "playground"mean to Bernard Feringa? A.An area for physical activities. B.An area for extra-curricular experiments. C.An area for bold exploration. D.An area for academic improvements. 解析：第一步审读题千找词汇。本题考查熟词playground的生义。 第二步定位词汇：This is what I mean by the playground.。 第三步上下求索，断明词义。根据“Training our students for future means that..the next steps,be creative and not limited by what should be done.”可知，在playground,学生们有足够 的空间去思考，能够创造性地超越当前知识的边界，所以对伯纳德·费林加教授来说，ply ground是一个可以大胆探索的区域。故选C。 )答案C 263 讲解册 实战高考·英语 考点3句意猜测题 解题技法 第一步：返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。 第二步：理解句子的前后语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据地推理，一般来 说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。 第三步：备选项代入原文，与上下文进行整体嵌入，遵循逻辑，得出答案。 典例5(2023一2024广东佛山模拟) For the first two days after he broke his arm,he had little freedom from pain. A.he was almost in a state of pain B.he lost his freedom due to severe pain C.he had freedom of movement despite pain D.he nearly lost his sense because of sharp pain 解析：第一步找到相应的句子。 第二步前后语境断句意。句意：在他摔断胳膊后的头两天里，他总是疼痛难忍。 第三步带入原文定选项。分析句意可知，此处是指他总是疼痛难忍。故选A。 )答案A 典例6(2024全国高三专题训练)》 We both started looking for jobs right away,but there weren't any to be found.With each passing day we were getting increasingly worried and we continued to work together in order to pull our family through.The more we pulled together,the closer we got.I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn't felt in years. The underlined sentence in the paragraph means that" A.they became closer as they struggled together B.they hoped to find jobs in the same company C.both of them had the courage to face difficulty D.they were trying to make their relationship closer 解析：第一步找到相应的句子。 第二步前后语境断句意。句意：我们越团结一致，我们的关系就越紧密。 第三步带入原文定选项。画线句前一句提到“we continued to work together in order to pull our family through”;画线句后一句提到“I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn't felt in years.”;此处表示在和丈夫共同渡过难关的过程中，作者产生了对丈夫从未有过的 钦佩之情。故选A。 )答案A 264