专题1 题型3 主旨大意题(精讲册)-【实战高考】2026年高考英语总复习（山东专版）

O专题1阅读理解 解析：第一步分析题干，确定该题为目的意图题。 第二步定位细节：第二段“Thanks to their course,researchers had already established that. during the course for ages.”和第三段中的“It's like going to the gym-we can't expect to do one class and be fit forever.”。 第三步分析具体信息可知，Hood提到gy是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持 长期实践该课程所学的内容，就像去健身房一样，不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故 选C。 )答案C 典例8(2024浙江杭州一模) Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing,has been detained(). During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers'Stadium in the city's Chaoyang District on Thursday,the fan,whose surname is Di,ran onto the field,giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi.He was run after by security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A.To give a brief introduction of the event. B.To provide background information about the match. C.To explain what fans should do when attending a game. D.To warn the fans not to break the public rules. 解析：第一步分析题干，“the main purpose”表明该题是写作意图题。 第二步定位细节：第一段“Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing,has been detained(逮捕).”。 第三步分析文本可知，第一段的主要目的是对事件进行简要介绍。故选A。 )答案A 题型三主旨大意题 题型破解 知识点①题型特点 主旨大意题在高考中出现次数稳定，通常1~2题。题目具有一定难度，属于易错难题。解答此 类题目，考生可借助文中主题句概括文章的主旨大意。主题句具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章 或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或拓展。 说明文和议论文的主题句多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。记叙文多在文章 253 讲解册 实战高考·英语 末尾点题，但有时不能直接在文章中找到主题句，需要考生在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上 自己归纳总结。 设问方式：主旨大意题的题千含关键词best title、main idea/theme/subject、.mainly about等。 考查内容：常见主旨大意题有文章大意题、段落大意题和标题归纳题。 高频命题点 1.段首、段尾处常考 2.转折词处常考 3.因果关系处常考 4.问题处常考 知识点2选项特征 干扰项特征 释义 断章取义 原文内容有出现，但仅为文中某一细节，与主题无关 以偏概全 选项和文章主题有部分相关，但不能概括全部 主观臆断 选项涉及内容仅凭生活常识主观推断，不是文章或段落主题 知识点3高分技巧 在文章中找主题句的技巧： l.段落中出现表示转折的词语（如however、but、in fact、actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句。 2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。 3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore、thus、in short、conclude、conclusion等词语，这类句 子通常是主旨句。 5.段落首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：段首一主题句多为段首一两句（观点或对象）；段尾一主题句 也常为段尾句（结论或总结）。 命题热点 考点①文章大意题 概括文章大意有效的方法就是辨认主题句。若文章无主题句，考生需要依据文中的事实、细节、 观点去进行分析、推断和归纳。 解题技法 第一步：利用文体特征。新闻报道类文章的主旨句在第一句；说明文的主旨句在第一段或第二 段；议论文的主旨句在首段或尾段；记叙文的主旨句一般在尾段或首尾呼应。 第二步：概括法。读文章标题，略读各段首尾句，读首段和尾段，读逻辑关联词后的句子内容。 第三步：利用高频词。文章主题常多次出现在文中，寻找文中出现频率较高的关键词，结合各 段主题句进行归纳。 254 0专题1阅读理解 典例1(2023福建厦门一中模拟) For the first time,scientists have measured what actually happens with face-to-face interactions when employees start to work at an open-plan office,and their results show these modern workspaces are not as cooperative as you'd think. Two researchers from Harvard Business School and Harvard University wanted to test whether removing walls at a real-world workplace really increases interactions between co-workers."To our knowledge,no prior study has directly measured the effect on actual interaction that results from removing walls to create an open office environment,"Ethan S. Bernstein and Stephen Turban write in the paper.To that end,they approached two multina- tional companies that were re-organizing their office spaces at the global headquarters,and enlisted small groups of employees for two studies. For eight weeks before the office redesign and eight weeks afterward,the researchers tracked employees'social interactions and locations.This data was analyzed together with email and instant messaging information from the company's servers to measure differences in how people were communicating with each other. What they found was a pretty astonishing difference in face-to-face interactions-but not in the direction you might think.Across both experiments,employees'social interactions in person decreased by a crazy 70 percent,while emails saw an uptick by roughly 20 to 50 percent. So,instead of spending more time cooperating with co-workers in the new space where everyone could see them,people got their heads down and tried to preserve their privacy any way they could.According to these results,it appears that being forced into a more open-plan environment can make people switch from chatting to others in person to sending an email or using instant messaging instead. As the team notes,it's not automatically a bad thing,but it can certainly change work dynamics in an unexpected way."That can have important consequences for how-and how productively-work gets done,"the researchers conclude. What is the main idea of the text? A.Real-world workplaces increase employees'interaction. B.Work dynamics don't have much effect on work efficiency. C.Modern workspaces change workers'way of communication. D.Open-plan offices can't promote cooperation between co-workers. 解析：第一步阅读全文找线索：第一段“For the first time,scientists have measured what actually happens with face-to-face interactions when employees start to work at an open-plan office,and their results show these modern workspaces are not as cooperative as you'd think." 255 讲解册 实战高考·英语】 和第四段中的“Across both experiments,employees'social interactions in person decreased by a crazy70 percent..”。 第二步分析文本抓关键，确定大意。关键词语：an open-plan office、not as cooperative as you'd think,employees'social interactions in person decreased. 第三步分析选项定答案。根据全文和具体信息可知，本文说明了开放式办公室不能促进同事 之间的合作。故选D。 )答案D 考点2段落大意题 段落常见结构 释义 总分型 主题句在段首 分总型 主题句在段尾 总分总型 主题句在段首和段尾，前后呼应 分总分型 开头抛砖引玉，主题句在段中 特别提醒解答段落大意题时，除了关注段落结构外，还应当抓住段落中出现频率较高的关键词 语，对其进行概括和归纳，确定段落大意。 解题技法 第一步：观察段首处。主题句多为段首第一句（观点或对象）； 第二步：理清第二句及段中句子和段落首尾处的逻辑关系，判断是否油首句抛砖引玉引出主题句； 第三步：关注段尾逻辑意思是否对前面的话进行总结或升华，前文可能只为引出段尾主题而摆 出问题或现象。 解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。 特别提醒当段中没有出现明确的主题句时，不能生搬硬套随便选择文中原句，而应当根据文中 内容提炼主题句。 典例2(2024湖南长沙三模) The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose.They had hoped to raise about 20,000.Nevertheless,Ms.McIntyre's last post attracted a lot of attention.The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal.In less than a week,the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in.By November 22,2023,Ms. McIntyre's web page had raised over 627,000,or enough money to pay off about 60 million in medical debts. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A.The couple's anticipation. B.The public involvement. C.The operation of a website. D.The increase of medical debts. 256 0专题1阅读理解 解析：第一步定位段落：文章第四段。 第二步阅读文本找关键：“The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose...In less than a week,the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the dona- tions are still coming in.By November 22,2023,Ms.McIntyre's web page had raised over $627,000..”。 第三步分析文本，提炼大意：第四段主要介绍了公众参与筹集资金，即公众参与。故选B。 )答案B 典例3(2024陕西宝鸡三模) Approaching the unconscious victim,Lobb saw that it was a middle-aged man.When at last they reached Pier 15,they faced a new uncertainty.How to get out?On the pier,a crowd had gathered,From somewhere,the onlookers produced a rope and a lifepreserver(救生圈)， which they threw to Jafri and Lobb.With the two men pushing from below and the crowd pulling from above,the man's dangling body slowly rose until helping hands pulled him onto the pier. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about? A.The knowledge about first aid. B.The way to rescue the drowned. C.The process of saving a stranger. D.The value of people's pulling together. 解析：第一步定位段落：文章第四段。 第二步阅读文本找关键：第四段“Approaching the unconscious victim,Lobb saw that it was a middle-aged man.When at last they reached Pier 15,they faced a new uncertainty...With the two men pushing from below and the crowd pulling from above,the man's dangling body slowly rose until helping hands pulled him onto the pier." 第三步分析文本，提炼大意：第四段主要讲的是拯救一个陌生人的过程。故选C。 )答案C 考点3标题归纳题 此类题解题的关键是抓住每一段的首尾句，注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过对文章主题句的概 括和提炼并通过关键词确定文章的标题。 做此类题要避免以下三种错误： 1.概括不够（多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围）； 2.过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）； 3.以事实细节替代文章大意。 257 讲解册 实战高考·英语 解题技法 第一步：明确标题的三大特点。 1.概括性—准确而又简短； 2.针对性— 标题外延正好与文章内容相符； 3.醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。 第二步：确定文章标题。 1.利用正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨； 2.利用反面否定法：根据备选项设想写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文进行对照。 第三步：主题句总结概括确定文章标题。先研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性 等，然后回读原文。根据文章主旨大意、段落主旨大意及标题的特征，得出结论，再核对选项 典例4(2023一2024江西赣州高三期中) Imagine this situation:you live on a tiny island off the north coast of Australia,and you and most of your friends have never even been to Darwin.You all love dancing:any style,any time,but especially at the local disco,where hundreds of local kids gather every weekend. Then one day,on a dusty basketball court,your group is doing an up-beat version of the Sirtaki dance from the 1964 movie Zorba the Greek.Someone films it,and the film is up-loaded to the Internet.It's so funny that suddenly you are a sensation,with thousands of hits in the first few days.Before long,you are receiving invitations to perform all over Australia. This did happen in 2007 to the Chooky Dancers,an Indigenous dance group who live on Elcho Island,off the coast of Arnhem Land.Since then,the energetic and very amusing Chookies have performed at numerous comedy festivals and cultural events all around Australia.They have also appeared in a full-length feature film.These young Yolngu men absorb and then reinvent dance moves from everywhere:from traditional Indigenous dance styles and ideas,to techno and hip hop,kung fu and Bollywood. And now the Chookies have gone global.In early 2011,they travelled out of Australia for the first time.They went to Beijing,the capital of China,where they performed their particu- lar brand of dance to a Chinese TV audience of probably close to one billion. The Chookies'act was part of one of China's biggest annual shows-the Spring Festival Gala.Over the years the festival has hosted a huge variety of acts from all around the world and of every imaginable style and content.Even so,the audience had seen nothing like the Chooky Dancers,who began,as usual,with a traditional Yolngu dance,before breaking out into their signature Zorba.The Chinese were totally won over. It's a great international,multicultural,outback youth success story-an Indigenous Australian dance troupe performs a techno version of a Greek dance on Chinese TV! What could be the best title of this passage? A.Chooky Dancers Go Global 258 ○专题1阅读理解 B.The Chookies Appear in Beijing C.Dancing Perfectly Combines with Basketball D.Technology Makes Improvements in Dancing 解析：第一步阅读全文找关键：文章很多信息是关于the Chooky Dancers,an Indigenous dance group的。 第二步分析文本找线索：文章结尾“It's a great international,multicultural,outback youth success story-an Indigenous Australian dance troupe performs a techno version of a Greek dance on Chinese TV!”。 第三步根据线索凝练标题：文章主要讲述的是一个澳大利亚土著舞蹈团走向国际，最终成名的 故事。故选A。 )答案A 典例5(2024天津二模) How many times have you found yourself in conversations with friends,family members or loved ones and discovered that you had completely tuned out to what they were saying? How much of our attention are we truly giving to the people who are supposed to be important to us? According to research cited by Wright State University,while most people believe they are good listeners who don't need to improve their listening skills,the average person only listens at about 25 percent efficiency. So why aren't we better listeners?As a society,we may be growing more narcissistic( )A 2007 study found a rise in self-centeredness and narcissism among college students. If we,as a culture,are becoming more self-centered,how can we,as individuals,work to become more caring and compassionate communicators? We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations.As Stephen R.Covey wrote in The 7Habits of Highly Effective People:Powerful Lessons in Personal Change,"Most people do not listen with the intent to understand but to reply."A dialogue is an opportunity to learn, to see things from a new perspective,to open your eyes to new information and possibilities. Yet,too often we engage in conversation as if it's a debate.We speak to hear our own voices- our own pre-existing opinions.In doing so,we tend to space out when spoken to.We wait, perhaps even patiently or politely,for the other person to finish,so we can say something we feel is of value. Playwright Wilson Mizner said,"A good listener is not only popular everywhere,but after a while,he knows something.Listening doesn't just expand our knowledge on an intellectual level;it enables us to have a more personal,in-depth understanding of our closest friends. Relationships are truly enriched by an equal back-and-forth exchange in communication.When 259 讲解册 实战高考·英语 these dynamics become more one-sided,we tend to lose interest and create distance in our friendships,with less trust established,less honesty exchanged. Thankfully,we can all improve our listening skills.Maybe we aren't as good a listener as we believe.Do we tend to focus too much on ourselves-both in positive and negative ways? Do we get distracted by an inner coach,rather than living in the moment and really engaging in what's being said?As we learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds,we can start to open ourselves up to others,becoming better listeners,thinkers,lovers and friends. Which of the following titles best captures the main idea? A.The Decline of Listening in Modern Society B.Improving Listening Skills for Better Relationships C.The Impact of Narcissism on Social Communication D.Why We Should Listen More and Speak Less 析：第一步阅读全文找线索。第四段中的“We can begin by changing our attitudes toward conversations.”和最后一段中的“Thankfully,we can all improve our listening skills..”“Aswe learn to quiet that inner voice in our minds,we can start to open ourselves up to others,becom- ing better listeners..”。 第二步分析文本抓关键，确定大意。其中的关键词语是conversations、improve our listening skills和becoming better listeners。 第三步分析选项定答案。根据关键词和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了如何通过提高倾听技 巧来获得更好的人际关系。故选B。 )答案B 题型四 词义猜测题 题型破解 知识点1题型特点 词义猜测题要求考生对文中的某个生词、熟词（熟词生义）、短语或句子进行理解并选出其准确的 意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。在阅读过程中，考生可通过逻辑关系、上下文、生活 常识、文化背景、构词法等猜测其含义。 难度分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大，突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查，这 对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。 考查内容：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题和句意猜测题。 知识点2选项特征 干扰项特征 1.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义 2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的单词和短语的选项一般是错误选项 3.拘泥于字面意思，所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词词义背过而忽略上下文，从而产生主观臆断 260