专题01 名词（培优专练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以“真题感知-强化演练-模拟预测”为进阶路径，系统提炼名词转换、数的判断等解题方法，通过口诀化技巧与新情境典例融合，构建“方法-知识-应用”三维逻辑体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |真题·命题感知|3道高考真题|语境标志词判断、词缀转换口诀（如“ful加ness”“ent变ence”）、成分分析法|从名词基本判断（冠词/介词提示）到词类转换（形容词→名词、动词→名词），形成概念生成链条| |进阶·强化演练|21道分考点题（含名词的数、转换、活用）|名词数的语境判断、词类转换变式规则、名词活用为动词的语法功能分析|从单一转换到多维度应用（新情境+新考法），体现原理推导与拓展| |拔高·模拟预测|5篇语法填空（涵盖预制菜、文化交流等新情境）|综合运用名词考点解决语篇问题，强调语境适配性|整合前两模块方法，实现知识迁移与应试应用，契合高考命题趋势|

专题01 名词 参考答案 真题·命题感知 1. boundaries 2. self-awareness 3.construction 进阶·强化演练 考点02 名词的数 1. memories 2. beliefs 3. communities 4. anxieties 5.lives 6.difficulties 7.capabilities 8.individuals 9.locals 10.patents 考点02 名词与形容词之间的转换 11. thankfulness 12.evidence 13.freedom 14. freedom 考点03名词与动词之间的转换 15.learning 16.construction 17. survival 18. management 考向04 名词的活用（名词的功能） 19. voiced 20. to bridge 21. Partnering 拔高·模拟预测 Passage 1 11．is being reshaped 12．dismissed 13．what 14．excellence 15．start 16．to engage 17．have travelled/have traveled 18．Receiving 19．highest 20．which Passage 2 11．were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting 14．competition 15．have identified 16．prevents 17．what 18．leading 19．which/that 20．from Passage 3 11．to discover 12．had placed 13．has been resolved 14．excitement 15．called 16．where 17．against 18．trying 19．why 20．calmer Passage 4 36. indicates 37. length 38. gradually 39. it 40. attractive 41. was used 42. surrounding 43. With 44. to take 45. which Passage 5 36. involving 37. faced 38. where 39. to address 40. and 41. to 42. are adapted 43. withdrawal 44. competitive 45. a 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 5 拔高·模拟预测 9 真题·命题感知 1.（2024·北京·高考真题）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 【答案】boundaries 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表示不止一个界限，名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。 解题方法 （1）根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词 ①看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时，要想到名词； ②遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词； ③当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。 2. 根据空处词的位置，确定本词在句中的成分，作主语、宾语成分，可能填名词，表语也可能是名词。 3. 熟记常见名词后缀：-age表示“状态；场所；费用”；-ory表示“工作场所；住处”；-ology表示“……学；……论”；-ure表示“状态”；-cy表示“性质；状态”；-ery表示“境遇；状况；性质；行为”；-ism表示“主义”；-ty表示“性质；状态；程度”。 2. （2024·北京·高考真题）Taking the time 11. to rest (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 (self-aware). 【答案】self-awareness 【解析】考查名词的后缀。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 self-aware（形容词，不能放 of 后） self-awares（无复数形式，抽象名词） self-awarement（拼写错误，正确后缀是 -ness） 形容词变名词的常见方法： 一、最常考：-ful → -fulness（感恩 / 细心类） 口诀：ful 结尾变名词，直接加 ness 准没错 thankful（感恩的）→ thankfulness careful（细心的）→ carefulness hopeful（有希望的）→ hopefulness helpful（有帮助的）→ helpfulness 二、-ous → -ousness（危险 / 好奇类） 口诀：ous 变名词，ness 跟上走 dangerous → dangerousness curious → curiousness famous → famousness（少见，但规律如此） 三、-ent /-ant → -ence /-ance（高频！重要！） 口诀：ent 变 ence，ant 变 ance，词性一转就变难（名词） different → difference important → importance confident → confidence patient → patience distant → distance 四、-t → -ce（形容词→名词） 口诀：t 结尾变 ce，名词立刻变出来 absent → absence present → presence silent → silence evident → evidence 五、-e 结尾形容词 → +ness 口诀：e 结尾不犹豫，直接 ness 变名词 aware → awareness self-aware → self-awareness dark → darkness kind → kindness sick → sickness 六、-y → -y 变 i+ness 口诀：y 结尾变 i，ness 加上就可以 busy → business easy → easiness happy → happiness 七、高考最容易混的三个（必背） 口诀： 困难 difficulty，心里记； 可能 possibility，别忘记； 责任 responsibility，要牢记！ difficult（难的）→ difficulty（困难） possible（可能的）→ possibility（可能性） responsible（负责的）→ responsibility（责任） 3.（2026·北京房山区·一模）China launched the ____17____ (construct) of a new large astronomical observation project, the Xue-shan-mu-chang 15-meter SubMillimeter Telescope (XSMT), on September 20, 2025. 【答案】construction 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意： 2025年9月20日，中国启动新建大型天文观测项目雪山牧场15米亚毫米波望远镜的建设。此处作动词launched的宾语，用construct的名词形式construction，意为“建设”。故填construction。 动词变名词的常见方法 一、动词 + ion（最常考） 口诀：动词加 ion，名词就成型 act → action（行动） decide → decision（决定） develop → development（发展） suggest → suggestion（建议） collect → collection（收集） 二、动词 + ment（高频） 口诀：ment 结尾表行为，动变名词不用费 agree → agreement（同意） improve → improvement（提升） achieve → achievement（成就） manage → management（管理） 三、动词 + er/or（人 / 物） 口诀：er/or 表人 / 物，动词后面直接补 work → worker（工人） teach → teacher（老师） invent → inventor（发明家） visit → visitor（游客） 四、动词 + ing（抽象名词） 口诀：ing 可动也可名，抽象含义最常用 begin → beginning（开始） feel → feeling（感觉） mean → meaning（意思） 五、动词 + ance/ence（高频） 口诀：ance/ence 变名词，动名转换常考次 appear → appearance（外貌） perform → performance（表演） exist → existence（存在） differ → difference（差异） 六、不规则（必背 3 个，押韵） 口诀：选 choice，败 failure，信 belief 别乱拼！ choose → choice（选择） fail → failure（失败） believe → belief（相信） 进阶·强化演练 考点02 名词的数 1. 【新情境·社会生活】（2026·北京西城区期末）Of all my Sports Day ___11___ (memory), the most touching unfolded that evening. 【答案】memories 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在我所有的运动会回忆中，最令人心动的那一幕发生在那天晚上。空前有all，空格处用复数。故填memories。 2. 【新情境·心理哲学】（2026·北京海淀区一模）A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true ____17____ (belief), but will be blind to others. 【答案】beliefs 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：一个思维敏锐但思想封闭的人可能会拥有许多正确的信念，但却对其他观点视而不见。belief为可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填beliefs。 3. 【新情境· 物质文化遗产】（2019·北京丰台区一模）China’s world natural heritage sites are all in good condition, with their ecological value contributing economically to local ____11____ (community). 【答案】communities 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：中国的世界自然遗产状况良好，其生态价值为当地社区带来了经济贡献。根据空前local（当地的）可知，空处需填名词community（社区）；结合语境，当地社区不止一个，应用复数形式communities作宾语。故填communities。 4. 【新情境·学校生活】（2019·北京顺义区期末）We were both new to Middle School, each carrying the various ____18____ (anxiety) of facing a new environment. 【答案】anxieties 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：我们俩都是刚进入中学的学生，每个人心中都怀着面对新环境时的各种焦虑情绪。various（各种各样的）后接可数名词复数，故填anxieties。 5. 【新情境·文化传承】（2026·北京房山区二模）A saying like “Harmony is most precious” highlights the importance of harmony in the ____15____ (life) of Chinese people. 【答案】lives 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：像“和为贵”这样的俗语，凸显了和谐在中国人生活中的重要性。根据“Chinese people”可知，此处指众多人的生活，空处需填名词复数lives。 6. 【新情境·生活哲学】（2026·北京昌平区二模）After years of struggles, I came to realize that 17 (difficult) are not something that blocks the path, but something that guides it. 【答案】difficulties 【解析】考查名词的后缀和名词的数。句意：历经多年奋斗，我终于明白：困难并非阻碍前路的绊脚石，而是指引方向的路标。空格后是 are（复数谓语），说明主语必须是复数名词。多给为形容词，difficult：形容词，意为 “困难的”，形容词 difficult → 名词 difficulty（困难）→ 复数 difficulties。 7. 【新情境·人与自然】（2026·北京房山区一模）Situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this project aims to enhance the country’s ____18____ (capability) in exploring the cold, hidden universe. 【答案】capabilities 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：该项目位于青藏高原，旨在提升国家探索寒冷隐秘宇宙的能力。此处表示“多种能力”，应用可数名词复数形式，所以用capabilities。故填capabilities。 8.【新情境·社会文化】（2026·北京门头沟区一模）It also excels in social settings — for example, helping ____19____ (individual) practice public speaking or nonverbal communication. 【答案】individuals 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：它在社交场景中也表现出色——例如，帮助人们练习公开演讲或非语言沟通。此处表示“人们、个体”，为可数名词复数概念，所以用individuals。故填individuals。 9. 【新情境·中国绘画】（2026·四川自贡市三诊）For the (local), these images borrowed from traditional Chinese paintings are as familiar as the smell of kiln (窑) smoke that once hung over the town. 【答案】locals 【解析】考查名词的复数。句意：对于当地人来说，这些借鉴中国传统绘画的图案，就像曾经笼罩小镇的窑烟气味一样熟悉。定冠词the后接名词，此处泛指当地民众，需用复数形式locals。 10. 【新情境·科技发明】（2026·江苏多校联考5月适应性联考）The team has obtained a large quantity of (patent) covering the synthesis method and application scenarios of the new molecule, which cover the entire industrial chain from raw materials to finished products. 【答案】patents 【解析】考查名词的复数。句意：该团队已经获得了大量涵盖新分子合成方法和应用场景的专利，这些专利覆盖了从原材料到成品的整个产业链。a large quantity of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，此处patent为可数名词，且根据语境表示多项专利，应用复数形式patents。 考点02 名词与形容词之间的转换 11. 【新考法·有后缀的形容词再加后缀】（2026·北京西城区二模）Just like a muscle, when you exercise your 17 (thankful) more often, you’re more likely to see beneficial effects. 【答案】thankfulness 【解析】考查名词的后缀。句意：就像肌肉一样，当你更频繁地锻炼你的感恩之心时，你更有可能看到有益的效果。空格前有形容词性物主代词 your（你的），后面需要接名词作 exercise（锻炼）的宾语，形容词 thankful → 名词 thankfulness（感恩；感激之情） 12. 【新情境·社会科学】（2026·北京海淀区二模）As votes build up, so does ____20____ (evident) of your new identity. 【答案】evidence 【解析】考查名词的后缀。句意：随着选票的不断累积，关于你新身份的证据也逐渐显现出来。作主语，用名词evidence，不可数。 13. 【新情境·社会生活】（2026·河南开封高级中学冲刺预测卷（一））Now, they’re still on their way to Shanghai. They sum up their experience with two words: connection and (free) — connecting with the world, exploring independently and carving out their own paths in life. 【答案】freedom 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们用两个词总结这段经历：连接与自由——与世界连接，独立探索，走出自己的人生道路。本空与connection并列作with的宾语，需用名词形式freedom。 14. 【新情境· 航天科技】（2026·北京东城区一模）Spacesuits should allow excellent 5 (free) of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs 【答案】freedom 【解析】考查名词。句意：宇航服应当让穿戴者拥有极佳的活动自由度，他们经常需要在飞船外进行太空行走，独自完成精密的设备维修。形容词excellent后需要接名词，free的名词形式是freedom，表示抽象概念是不可数名词。作宾语。故填freedom。 考点03名词与动词之间的转换 15. 【新情境·中国茶文化】（2026·北京海淀区期末）Through immersive experiences, they uncovered the timeless stories of Qingzhuan Tea, ____16____ (learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people. 【答案】learning 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意：通过沉浸式体验，他们发掘了青砖茶的永恒故事，了解到中式现代化如何促进人们之间的文化交流和相互理解。“(learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people”在句中作状语，learn(了解)用动名词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填learning。 16. 【新情境·中国科技发展】（2026·北京房山区一模）China launched the ____17____ (construct) of a new large astronomical observation project, the Xue-shan-mu-chang 15-meter SubMillimeter Telescope (XSMT), on September 20, 2025. 【答案】construction 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意： 2025年9月20日，中国启动新建大型天文观测项目雪山牧场15米亚毫米波望远镜的建设。此处作动词launched的宾语，用construct的名词形式construction，意为“建设”。故填construction。 17. 【新情境·哲学】（2026·北京通州区一模）These situations rarely threaten our ____15____ (survive), but they still bring about the same stress responses. 【答案】survival 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意：然而，如今同样的情绪似乎是由工作、社会压力或经济问题引起的。空处用于our之后，应用名词形式survival，表示“生存”，作动词threaten的宾语。 18. 【新情境·运动与健康】（2026·北京顺义区期末）If you’ve ever felt guilty about inactivity or struggled with time ____12____ (manage), “Snacktivity” may be the answer. 【答案】management 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意：如果你曾因不运动而感到内疚，或者在时间管理上遇到困难，“零食式运动”可能是答案。此处作介词with的宾语，应用名词形式；time management为固定搭配，意为“时间管理”。故填management。 考向04 名词的活用（名词的功能） 19. 【新考法·名词活用为动词】（2019·北京高考）On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” 【答案】voiced 【解析】（名词动用）考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。 20. 【新考法·名词活用为动词】（2026·河北省张家口适应性测试（三））“I aim (bridge) China and Indonesia — or even Southeast Asia,” he said. 【答案】to bridge 【解析】（名词动用）考查动词不定式。句意：“我的目标是将中国和印度尼西亚——甚至整个东南亚连接起来。”他说道。此处为固定搭配aim to do sth. 意为“旨在做某事、目标是做某事”。bridge 在此处作动词，意为“架起桥梁、连接”。 21. 【新考法·名词活用为动词】（2026·北京西城区·一模）Her team has defined six core categories of cultural genes, which is essential for revealing patterns of evolution through time and space. __20__ (partner) with various museums, they have interconnected millions of digital artifacts. “Our mission is connection, not just collection,” Zhao says. 【答案】Partnering 【解析】（名词动用）考查非谓语动词。句意：“她的团队界定了文化基因的六大核心类别，这对于揭示时空演化规律至关重要。与各大博物馆合作，他们将数百万件数字文物互联互通。赵（女士 / 先生）说：“我们的使命是建立联结，而非单纯收藏。”空格后是逗号，后面是完整主句 they have interconnected...，说明前面是非谓语动词作状语，表伴随 / 方式。partner：名词做动词用，意为 “合作、协作”。逻辑主语：they（Her team），与 partner 是主动关系（团队主动和博物馆合作），故用现在分词 doing →Partnering。 ❌ Partner：原形动词，不能直接放句首作状语。 ❌ To partner：不定式表目的，此处表 “伴随合作”，不用 to do。 ❌ Partnered：过去分词表被动，团队是主动合作，不用 ed。 ❌ Partnership：名词，无法作状语连接主句。 拔高·模拟预测 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·预制菜】（2026·北京通州·三模）Nowadays China’s food market 11 (reshape) by the rise of “pre-prepared dishes”. Once 12 (dismiss) as a niche (小众的) convenience, they now range from semi-finished stir-fries to fully cooked meals that only need reheating. In the past few years, the category has ballooned into a multibillion-yuan industry, fueled by busier lifestyles, advances in processing and official support that has turned 13 began as a consumer trend into a strategic priority. 【答案】11．is being reshaped 12．dismissed 13．what 【导语】本文介绍预制菜兴起正在重塑中国食品市场，从小众便利食品成长为价值数十亿元的产业。 【详解】 11．考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：如今，预制菜的兴起正在重塑中国食品市场。主语 market 与 reshape(重塑)为被动关系；时间词 Nowadays 强调“当前正在发生”，用现在进行时被动：am/is/are + being + done。主语为单数，be动词为is。 12．考查过去分词作状语。句意：预制菜一度被视为小众便利食品，如今涵盖从半成品炒菜到只需加热的即食菜肴等多种品类。句子主语they与 dismiss(不予理会、视为)为被动关系，用过去分词表被动和完成。 13．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：在过去几年里，受生活节奏加快、加工技术进步以及政策支持的推动，这一品类已发展为价值数十亿元的产业；政策支持也把最初只是一种消费趋势的事物转变成了一项战略重点。turn后接宾语从句，从句缺主语，指事物，用what引导。 B 【新情境·社会科学】（2026·北京通州·三模）What does it take to become the best at something? The answer may not lie in early childhood 14 (excellent) or in lifelong, laser-focused dedication. A recent research published in Science says that compared with their national-class counterparts, those who are very good but not the best, world-class performers often 15 (start) their discipline later. These people tend 16 (engage) in multiple activities early on and don’t shine in one thing at a particularly young age. They accumulate less practice in their discipline and more practice in other disciplines and then rise to the top relatively late. 【答案】14．excellence 15．start 16．to engage 【导语】本文介绍了一项新研究观点：顶尖高手未必靠幼年天赋或长期专注，反而常起步较晚、早期涉猎广泛、后期脱颖而出。 【详解】 14．考查名词。句意：答案或许不在于童年时期的优异表现，也不在于一生极度专注的投入。空格与childhood构成名词短语，需用名词作宾语；excellent的名词形式为 excellence，意为“卓越、优异”。 15．考查动词时态。句意：一项发表在《科学》杂志上的最新研究表明，与他们的国家级同行——这些选手虽然水平很高但仍算不上最顶尖相比，世界级选手往往起步更晚。句子描述研究结论，即客观事实，用一般现在时；主语performers为复数，谓语用原形。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：这类人早年倾向于参与多种活动，不会在很小的年纪就在某一领域崭露头角。固定搭配 tend to do sth.，意为“倾向于做某事”，engage in意为“参与”。 C 【新情境·文化交流】（2026·北京通州·三模）I came to China to tell stories through videos but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I 17 (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. 18 (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the 19 (high) literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor, 20 has opened new access to my cultural exchange. 【答案】17．have travelled/have traveled 18．Receiving 19．highest 20．which 【导语】本文讲述作者来华 20 年，通过视频记录中国、收获经历与荣誉，促进文化交流。 【详解】 17．考查动词时态。句意：自我来到这里的二十年间，我走遍了各个省份，收获了诸多别样经历：踏遍山川林海，走访偏远村落与冻土荒原，更有骑马驯鹰狩猎的独特体验。时间状语Over the past 20 years提示用现在完成时；主语 I，助动词用have，travel的过去分词为travelled/traveled。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：荣获中国政府出版奖 —— 外籍人士所能获得的最高文学荣誉，我既意外又倍感荣幸，这份荣誉也为我开展文化交流开辟了新渠道。句子缺主语，用receive的动名词形式，首字母大写。 19．考查形容词最高级。句意：同上。“最高文学荣誉”，定冠词the后用high 的最高级highest。 20．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话，用which引导。 Passage 2 A 【新情境·家庭生活】（2026·北京清华附中·三模）Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. 【答案】11．were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。 【详解】 11．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。 13．考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。 B 【新情境·人与动物】（2026·北京清华附中·三模）The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 14 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay. 【答案】14．competition 15．have identified 16．prevents 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了非洲企鹅数量的下降的原因。 【详解】 14．考查名词。句意：主要原因是全球变暖对海洋环境的干扰和商业捕鱼业的竞争造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示词与名词disturbance是并列关系，作介词宾语，用名词competition，意为“竞争”。故填competition。 15．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(发现)是句中谓语动词，与主语scientists之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语recently，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时主动语态，复数形式。故填have identified。 16．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定语从句中谓语动词，与关系代词that(即先行词one)之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动语态，单数形式。故填prevents。 C 【新情境·社会科学】（2026·北京清华附中·三模）Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 17 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 18 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 19 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 20 negativity. 【答案】17．what 18．leading 19．which/that 20．from 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哭泣的好处。 【详解】 17．考查宾语从句。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。介词短语Regardless of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。“with +名词/代词（宾语）+非谓语动词（宾补）”with复合结构 ，该空非谓语动词作宾补，宾语puffy cheeks and tight eyes和lead to是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填leading。 19．考查定语从句。句意：尽管哭泣是一种耻辱，但它可以是一种缓解紧张、清除消极和悲伤情绪的行为。句中先行词为act，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 20．考查介词。句意：最终，哭泣是一种强大的工具，我们应该用它来摆脱消极情绪。free from免于；摆脱。故填from。 Passage 3 A 【新情境·动物保护】（2026·北京师范大学附属中学·三模）One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only 11 (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she 12 (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem 13 (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased. 【答案】11．to discover 12．had placed 13．has been resolved 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位澳大利亚女士下班后回家发现家中有一只考拉，最终联系保护公园将其安全放生的故事。 【详解】 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，一位澳大利亚女士下班后回到家，却发现家里有个陌生人。此处为固定结构only to do sth.，意为“结果却……”，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to discover。 12．考查动词时态。句意：陌生人挥舞着她之前放在家里的杆子，就像在表演钢管舞。此处为谓语动词，根据语境和时间状语before可知，place的动作发生在谓语动词was之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had +过去分词”。故填had placed。 13．考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管这个问题现在已经解决了，但它确实凸显了一个事实：随着人类住宅建设的增加，野生动物的自然栖息地正在减少。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语by now可知，此处应用现在完成时；problem与resolve为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数。故填has been resolved。 B 【新情境·运动与健康】（2026·北京师范大学附属中学·三模）Imagine the 14 (excite) of riding a wave, your body just centimeters above the rushing water as it carries you toward the shore. This thrilling experience can be yours through bodyboarding, sometimes 15 (call) boogie boarding, which uses a short, soft board to catch the waves. Unlike surfing, 16 you stand on the board, bodyboarding has you lying flat. This allows you to be closer to the water and feel more connected to the power of the ocean. 【答案】14．excitement 15．called 16．where 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了趴板冲浪可让人身处浪上，与冲浪站立不同，更贴近海水。 【详解】 14．考查名词。句意：想象一下驾驭海浪时的那种兴奋感吧，你的身体仅仅高出汹涌的海水几厘米，而海水则将你推向岸边。作动词的宾语，用名词excitement，不可数。故填excitement。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种刺激的体验您可以通过冲浪板运动来实现，这种运动有时也被称为“波比冲浪”，它使用一块短而柔软的板来捕捉海浪。此处动词call与bodyboarding构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填called。 16．考查定语从句。句意：与冲浪不同（在冲浪时你需站在冲浪板上）相比，趴板冲浪则要求你平躺在板上。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词surfing，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 C 【新情境·对抗愤怒】（2026·北京师范大学附属中学·三模）Here are some ways for you to fight 17 anger. Firstly, accept that people will frustrate you. Realizing that no-one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Secondly, stop 18 (try) to manage your anger. A better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know 19 you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. Lastly, don’t take the easy way. A reaction like throwing something, hitting someone, or screaming is the easy way. By learning to control, you can become 20 (calm) and less violent. 【答案】17．against 18．trying 19．why 20．calmer 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些对抗愤怒的方法。 【详解】 17．考查介词。句意：以下是一些帮助你对抗愤怒的方法。短语fight against表示“对抗”。故填against。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，别再试图压抑自己的愤怒了。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，此处指停止试图压抑愤怒，，填动名词作宾语。故填trying。 19．考查宾语从句。句意：一旦你明白了自己为何会生气，就有可能找到解决问题的办法。引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故填why。 20．考查比较级。句意：通过学会控制情绪，你就能变得更为冷静，也更少表现出暴力行为。根据后文less violent可知为比较级作表语。故填calmer。 Passage 4 【新情境·中国节气“春分”】（2026·湖南常德·一模）Beginning on March 21 and ending on April 4, Chunfen, or Spring Equinox, as the name ____36____ (indicate), begins when the day and the night are of equal ____37____ (long). During this period, the sun’s position in the sky moves northwards, marking a ____38____ (gradual) longer day in the Northern Hemisphere and a longer night in the Southern Hemisphere. In the two weeks, Chinese traditionally like to head out to fly kites or play a game in which they try to balance an egg to make ____39____ stand up. There are many ____40____ (attract) customs that have been passed down in different places across China over the centuries to celebrate this unique day. At first, it ____41____ (use)by ancient farmers to mark the beginning of the sowing season and farm work, at the same time welcoming the season of spring. As time passed, customs ____42____ (surround) Chunfen produced various activities such as dragon dances and waist drum performances. ____43____ the Spring Equinox right around the corner, crowds of people from around the country have been heading to Anren, a small county in Hunan Province, ____44____ (take) part in ceremonies to memorialize China’s “Divine Farmer” Shennong and pray for a good harvest. There are also some celebrations that are seen in most places around China, some of _____45_____ have even made their way overseas. 【答案】 36. indicates 37. length 38. gradually 39. it 40. attractive 41. was used 42. surrounding 43. With 44. to take 45. which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国二十四节气中“春分”的意义以及相关的民间习俗。 【解析】 36.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从3月21日开始到4月4日结束，春分，或Spring Equinox，顾名思义，开始于白天和黑夜长度相等的时候。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语name是单数名词，和动词indicate之间是主动关系，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填indicates。 37. 考查名词。句意：从3月21日开始到4月4日结束，春分，或Spring Equinox，顾名思义，开始于白天和黑夜长度相等的时候。 形容词equal后应该用名词形式作介词of的宾语，表抽象意义，不可数，故填length。 38. 考查副词。句意：在此期间，太阳在天空中的位置向北移动，标志着北半球的白天逐渐变长，南半球的夜晚逐渐变长。修饰形容词longer应该用副词gradually。故填gradually。 39. 考查代词。句意：在这两个星期里，中国人传统上喜欢出去放风筝，或者玩一个游戏，他们试图平衡一个鸡蛋，让它站起来。此处指代an egg，应用代词it。故填it。 40. 考查形容词。句意：几个世纪以来，中国各地流传着许多吸引人的习俗来庆祝这个独特的日子。修饰名词customs应该用形容词attractive，作定语，表示“吸引人的”。故填attractive。 41. 考查时态语态。句意：起初，它被古代农民用来标志播种季节和农活的开始，同时欢迎春天的到来。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文by ancient farmers此处是介绍在过去人们如何看待春分，也就是它的用途，故为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为it，谓语用单数。故填was used。 42. 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，围绕春分的习俗产生了各种活动，如舞龙和腰鼓表演。分析句子结构可知surround与逻辑主语customs和动词之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填surrounding。 43. 考查介词。句意：随着春分即将来临，来自全国各地的人们纷纷涌向湖南省安仁县，参加纪念中国“农民中的圣人”神农的仪式，并祈求丰收。根据句子结构和句意可知，此处表示“随着”，属于“with+宾语+介词短语”的复合结构。首字母大写。故填With。 44. 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着春分即将来临，来自全国各地的人们纷纷涌向湖南省安仁县，参加纪念中国“农民中的圣人”神农的仪式，并祈求丰收。分析句子结构可知，用不定式表示人们去湖南安仁县的目的。故填to take。 45. 考查定语从句。句意：也有一些庆祝活动在中国大多数地方都能看到，其中一些甚至传到了海外。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，句子缺少主语，判断用关系代词，先行词是celebrations，又因在介词后，指物，故填which。 Passage 5 【新情境·中国古代兵法策略“围魏救赵”】（2026·湖南常德·一模）“Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 【答案】 36. involving 37. faced 38. where 39. to address 40. and 41. to 42. are adapted 43. withdrawal 44. competitive 45. a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代兵法策略“围魏救赵”的起源、核心含义以及在现代非军事领域的应用。 【解析】 36. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个名字来源于中国古代战国时期涉及魏国和赵国的一个历史事件。“(involve) the states of Wei and Zhao”作后置定语修饰名词incident，involve (涉及)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语incident之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填involving。 37. 考查时态。句意：当赵国面临魏国的攻击时，齐国采用这一策略，对魏国发动攻击，迫使他们从赵国撤军，以保卫自己的领土。face(面临)是从句谓语动词，根据句意和上下文可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填faced。 38. 考查定语从句。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“_____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision”是定语从句，修饰先行词situation，关系词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 39. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一策略的核心是创造一种局面，使对手被迫做出艰难的决定，常常是放弃进攻位置以应对更紧迫的威胁。“(address) a more pressing threat”是“abandoning their offensive position”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to address。 40. 考查连词。句意：它利用了出其不意的因素以及攻击意外目标带来的心理影响。“the element of surprise”和“the psychological impact”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 41. 考查介词。句意：通过将战场转移到一个较弱的地区，这一策略不仅打乱了敌人的计划，而且在不进行直接战斗的情况下获得了战术优势。shift...to...是固定搭配，意为“把……转移到……”。故填to。 42. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在当代环境中，“围魏救赵”的原则已被应用于各种非军事领域。adapt(使适应)是谓语动词，与主语principles之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are adapted。 43. 考查名词。句意：在商业领域，公司通过攻击竞争对手的薄弱市场或产品来应用这一策略，迫使其进行战略撤退。提示词作宾语，用名词withdrawal，意为“撤退”，是不可数名词。故填withdrawal。 44. 考查形容词。句意：同样，在体育比赛中，球队充分利用对手的防守失误来获得竞争优势。提示词作定语修饰名词advantage，用形容词competitive，意为“竞争的”。故填competitive。 45. 考查冠词。句意：这一策略为在不同背景下应对挑战提供了一个有价值的框架。framework(框架)是可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词限定，且valuable发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 名词 目 录 真题·命题感知 1 进阶·强化演练 4 拔高·模拟预测 6 真题·命题感知 1.（2024·北京·高考真题）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 解题方法 （1）根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词 ①看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时，要想到名词； ②遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词； ③当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。 2. 根据空处词的位置，确定本词在句中的成分，作主语、宾语成分，可能填名词，表语也可能是名词。 3. 熟记常见名词后缀：-age表示“状态；场所；费用”；-ory表示“工作场所；住处”；-ology表示“……学；……论”；-ure表示“状态”；-cy表示“性质；状态”；-ery表示“境遇；状况；性质；行为”；-ism表示“主义”；-ty表示“性质；状态；程度”。 2. （2024·北京·高考真题）Taking the time 11. to rest (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 (self-aware). self-aware（形容词，不能放 of 后） self-awares（无复数形式，抽象名词） self-awarement（拼写错误，正确后缀是 -ness） 形容词变名词的常见方法： 一、最常考：-ful → -fulness（感恩 / 细心类） 口诀：ful 结尾变名词，直接加 ness 准没错 thankful（感恩的）→ thankfulness careful（细心的）→ carefulness hopeful（有希望的）→ hopefulness helpful（有帮助的）→ helpfulness 二、-ous → -ousness（危险 / 好奇类） 口诀：ous 变名词，ness 跟上走 dangerous → dangerousness curious → curiousness famous → famousness（少见，但规律如此） 三、-ent /-ant → -ence /-ance（高频！重要！） 口诀：ent 变 ence，ant 变 ance，词性一转就变难（名词） different → difference important → importance confident → confidence patient → patience distant → distance 四、-t → -ce（形容词→名词） 口诀：t 结尾变 ce，名词立刻变出来 absent → absence present → presence silent → silence evident → evidence 五、-e 结尾形容词 → +ness 口诀：e 结尾不犹豫，直接 ness 变名词 aware → awareness self-aware → self-awareness dark → darkness kind → kindness sick → sickness 六、-y → -y 变 i+ness 口诀：y 结尾变 i，ness 加上就可以 busy → business easy → easiness happy → happiness 七、高考最容易混的三个（必背） 口诀： 困难 difficulty，心里记； 可能 possibility，别忘记； 责任 responsibility，要牢记！ difficult（难的）→ difficulty（困难） possible（可能的）→ possibility（可能性） responsible（负责的）→ responsibility（责任） 3.（2026·北京房山区·一模）China launched the ____17____ (construct) of a new large astronomical observation project, the Xue-shan-mu-chang 15-meter SubMillimeter Telescope (XSMT), on September 20, 2025. 动词变名词的常见方法 一、动词 + ion（最常考） 口诀：动词加 ion，名词就成型 act → action（行动） decide → decision（决定） develop → development（发展） suggest → suggestion（建议） collect → collection（收集） 二、动词 + ment（高频） 口诀：ment 结尾表行为，动变名词不用费 agree → agreement（同意） improve → improvement（提升） achieve → achievement（成就） manage → management（管理） 三、动词 + er/or（人 / 物） 口诀：er/or 表人 / 物，动词后面直接补 work → worker（工人） teach → teacher（老师） invent → inventor（发明家） visit → visitor（游客） 四、动词 + ing（抽象名词） 口诀：ing 可动也可名，抽象含义最常用 begin → beginning（开始） feel → feeling（感觉） mean → meaning（意思） 五、动词 + ance/ence（高频） 口诀：ance/ence 变名词，动名转换常考次 appear → appearance（外貌） perform → performance（表演） exist → existence（存在） differ → difference（差异） 六、不规则（必背 3 个，押韵） 口诀：选 choice，败 failure，信 belief 别乱拼！ choose → choice（选择） fail → failure（失败） believe → belief（相信） 进阶·强化演练 考点02 名词的数 1. 【新情境·社会生活】（2026·北京西城区期末）Of all my Sports Day ___11___ (memory), the most touching unfolded that evening. 2. 【新情境·心理哲学】（2026·北京海淀区一模）A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true ____17____ (belief), but will be blind to others. 3. 【新情境· 物质文化遗产】（2019·北京丰台区一模）China’s world natural heritage sites are all in good condition, with their ecological value contributing economically to local ____11____ (community). 4. 【新情境·学校生活】（2019·北京顺义区期末）We were both new to Middle School, each carrying the various ____18____ (anxiety) of facing a new environment. 5. 【新情境·文化传承】（2026·北京房山区二模）A saying like “Harmony is most precious” highlights the importance of harmony in the ____15____ (life) of Chinese people. 6. 【新情境·生活哲学】（2026·北京昌平区二模）After years of struggles, I came to realize that 17 (difficult) are not something that blocks the path, but something that guides it. 7. 【新情境·人与自然】（2026·北京房山区一模）Situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this project aims to enhance the country’s ____18____ (capability) in exploring the cold, hidden universe. 8.【新情境·社会文化】（2026·北京门头沟区一模）It also excels in social settings — for example, helping ____19____ (individual) practice public speaking or nonverbal communication. 9. 【新情境·中国绘画】（2026·四川自贡市三诊）For the (local), these images borrowed from traditional Chinese paintings are as familiar as the smell of kiln (窑) smoke that once hung over the town. 10. 【新情境·科技发明】（2026·江苏多校联考5月适应性联考）The team has obtained a large quantity of (patent) covering the synthesis method and application scenarios of the new molecule, which cover the entire industrial chain from raw materials to finished products. 考点02 名词与形容词之间的转换 11. 【新考法·有后缀的形容词再加后缀】（2026·北京西城区二模）Just like a muscle, when you exercise your 17 (thankful) more often, you’re more likely to see beneficial effects. 12. 【新情境·社会科学】（2026·北京海淀区二模）As votes build up, so does ____20____ (evident) of your new identity. 13. 【新情境·社会生活】（2026·河南开封高级中学冲刺预测卷（一））Now, they’re still on their way to Shanghai. They sum up their experience with two words: connection and (free) — connecting with the world, exploring independently and carving out their own paths in life. 14. 【新情境· 航天科技】（2026·北京东城区一模）Spacesuits should allow excellent 5 (free) of movement for the wearers, who may often go on spacewalks outside their ship to perform delicate equipment repairs 考点03名词与动词之间的转换 15. 【新情境·中国茶文化】（2026·北京海淀区期末）Through immersive experiences, they uncovered the timeless stories of Qingzhuan Tea, ____16____ (learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people. 16. 【新情境·中国科技发展】（2026·北京房山区一模）China launched the ____17____ (construct) of a new large astronomical observation project, the Xue-shan-mu-chang 15-meter SubMillimeter Telescope (XSMT), on September 20, 2025. 17. 【新情境·哲学】（2026·北京通州区一模）These situations rarely threaten our ____15____ (survive), but they still bring about the same stress responses. 18. 【新情境·运动与健康】（2026·北京顺义区期末）If you’ve ever felt guilty about inactivity or struggled with time ____12____ (manage), “Snacktivity” may be the answer. 考向04 名词的活用（名词的功能） 19. 【新考法·名词活用为动词】（2019·北京高考）On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” 20. 【新考法·名词活用为动词】（2026·河北省张家口适应性测试（三））“I aim (bridge) China and Indonesia — or even Southeast Asia,” he said. 21. 【新考法·名词活用为动词】（2026·北京西城区·一模）Her team has defined six core categories of cultural genes, which is essential for revealing patterns of evolution through time and space. __20__ (partner) with various museums, they have interconnected millions of digital artifacts. “Our mission is connection, not just collection,” Zhao says. ❌ Partner：原形动词，不能直接放句首作状语。 ❌ To partner：不定式表目的，此处表 “伴随合作”，不用 to do。 ❌ Partnered：过去分词表被动，团队是主动合作，不用 ed。 ❌ Partnership：名词，无法作状语连接主句。 拔高·模拟预测 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·预制菜】（2026·北京通州·三模）Nowadays China’s food market 11 (reshape) by the rise of “pre-prepared dishes”. Once 12 (dismiss) as a niche (小众的) convenience, they now range from semi-finished stir-fries to fully cooked meals that only need reheating. In the past few years, the category has ballooned into a multibillion-yuan industry, fueled by busier lifestyles, advances in processing and official support that has turned 13 began as a consumer trend into a strategic priority. B 【新情境·社会科学】（2026·北京通州·三模）What does it take to become the best at something? The answer may not lie in early childhood 14 (excellent) or in lifelong, laser-focused dedication. A recent research published in Science says that compared with their national-class counterparts, those who are very good but not the best, world-class performers often 15 (start) their discipline later. These people tend 16 (engage) in multiple activities early on and don’t shine in one thing at a particularly young age. They accumulate less practice in their discipline and more practice in other disciplines and then rise to the top relatively late. C 【新情境·文化交流】（2026·北京通州·三模）I came to China to tell stories through videos but ended up living them. Over the past 20 years since my arrival, I 17 (travel) to every province, collecting extraordinary experiences, from mountains and forests to remote villages and tundras (冻土), not to mention hunting with eagles on horseback. These stories didn’t just become popular videos. They rewrote my life. 18 (receive) China’s Special Book Award, the 19 (high) literary honor for foreigners, was both a surprise and an honor, 20 has opened new access to my cultural exchange. Passage 2 A 【新情境·家庭生活】（2026·北京清华附中·三模）Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. B 【新情境·人与动物】（2026·北京清华附中·三模）The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 14 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay. C 【新情境·社会科学】（2026·北京清华附中·三模）Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 17 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 18 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 19 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 20 negativity. Passage 3 A 【新情境·动物保护】（2026·北京师范大学附属中学·三模）One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only 11 (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she 12 (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem 13 (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased. B 【新情境·运动与健康】（2026·北京师范大学附属中学·三模）Imagine the 14 (excite) of riding a wave, your body just centimeters above the rushing water as it carries you toward the shore. This thrilling experience can be yours through bodyboarding, sometimes 15 (call) boogie boarding, which uses a short, soft board to catch the waves. Unlike surfing, 16 you stand on the board, bodyboarding has you lying flat. This allows you to be closer to the water and feel more connected to the power of the ocean. C 【新情境·对抗愤怒】（2026·北京师范大学附属中学·三模）Here are some ways for you to fight 17 anger. Firstly, accept that people will frustrate you. Realizing that no-one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Secondly, stop 18 (try) to manage your anger. A better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know 19 you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. Lastly, don’t take the easy way. A reaction like throwing something, hitting someone, or screaming is the easy way. By learning to control, you can become 20 (calm) and less violent. Passage 4 【新情境·中国节气“春分”】（2026·湖南常德·一模）Beginning on March 21 and ending on April 4, Chunfen, or Spring Equinox, as the name ____36____ (indicate), begins when the day and the night are of equal ____37____ (long). During this period, the sun’s position in the sky moves northwards, marking a ____38____ (gradual) longer day in the Northern Hemisphere and a longer night in the Southern Hemisphere. In the two weeks, Chinese traditionally like to head out to fly kites or play a game in which they try to balance an egg to make ____39____ stand up. There are many ____40____ (attract) customs that have been passed down in different places across China over the centuries to celebrate this unique day. At first, it ____41____ (use)by ancient farmers to mark the beginning of the sowing season and farm work, at the same time welcoming the season of spring. As time passed, customs ____42____ (surround) Chunfen produced various activities such as dragon dances and waist drum performances. ____43____ the Spring Equinox right around the corner, crowds of people from around the country have been heading to Anren, a small county in Hunan Province, ____44____ (take) part in ceremonies to memorialize China’s “Divine Farmer” Shennong and pray for a good harvest. There are also some celebrations that are seen in most places around China, some of _____45_____ have even made their way overseas. Passage 5 【新情境·中国古代兵法策略“围魏救赵”】（2026·湖南常德·一模）“Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” is one of the ancient Chinese military strategies known as the Thirty-Six Strategies. The name comes from a historical incident during the Warring States period of ancient China, ____36____ (involve) the states of Wei and Zhao. When Zhao ____37____ (face) an attack by Wei, the state of Qi employed this strategy by launching an attack on Wei, thus forcing them to withdraw from Zhao to defend their own territory. The core of this strategy means creating a situation ____38____ the opponent is forced to make a difficult decision, often abandoning their offensive position ____39____ (address) a more pressing threat. It draws on the element of surprise ____40____ the psychological impact of attacking an unexpected target. By shifting the battleground ____41____ a weaker area, the strategy not only interrupts the enemy’s plans but also gains a tactical (战略的) advantage without engaging in direct combat. In contemporary settings, the principles of “Besiege Wei to Rescue Zhao” ____42____ (adapt) for use in various non-military fields. In business, companies apply this strategy by launching attacks on a rival’s weaker markets or products to force a strategic ____43____ (withdraw). Similarly, in sports, teams make full use of an opponent’s defensive mistakes to gain a ____44____ (compete) advantage. This strategy provides _____45_____ valuable framework for addressing challenges in diverse contexts. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 17 / 32 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $