专题01 名词（专项训练）（北京专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 以名词的数、词类转换、活用及所有格为核心，通过基础-重难-真题三级演练构建系统性训练，融合文化情境与学科交叉，提升语言运用与文化理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|4考向15题|所给词适当形式填空，聚焦名词数（单复数）、名-形/动转换、活用及所有格|从基础形式（数）到词性转换，再到功能活用，形成"形式-转换-功能"递进逻辑| |重难·创新演练|2题型7题|结合环保、中医药等新情境，语法填空融入学科融合（社会/自然科学）|在基础上拓展情境复杂度，强化名词在跨文化与跨学科语境中的应用| |真题·实战演练|10题|精选北京等多地近年真题，突出高频考点（数、转换）|通过真题验证知识迁移能力，回扣核心考点，提升应试准确性|

第01讲 名词 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 3 真题·实战演练 .5 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：名词的数，名词与其他词性之间的转换…… 考向01 名词的数 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2024·北京）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 2.（2023·北京）Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. 3.（2021·北京）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have diverse____11____ (idea)． 4. （2020·北京）Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 5. （2019·北京）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. 6. （2026·北京西城区期末）Of all my Sports Day ___11___ (memory), the most touching unfolded that evening. 7. （2026·北京海淀区一模）A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true ____17____ (belief), but will be blind to others. 8. （2019·北京丰台区一模）China’s world natural heritage sites are all in good condition, with their ecological value contributing economically to local ____11____ (community). 9. （2019·北京顺义区期末）We were both new to Middle School, each carrying the various ____18____ (anxiety) of facing a new environment. 10. （2026·北京房山区二模）A saying like “Harmony is most precious” highlights the importance of harmony in the ____15____ (life) of Chinese people. 11. （2026·北京昌平区二模）After years of struggles, I came to realize that 17 (difficult) are not something that blocks the path, but something that guides it. 12. （2026·北京房山区一模）Situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this project aims to enhance the country’s ____18____ (capability) in exploring the cold, hidden universe. 13. （2026·北京门头沟区一模）It also excels in social settings — for example, helping ____19____ (individual) practice public speaking or nonverbal communication. 14.（2026·四川自贡市三诊）For the (local), these images borrowed from traditional Chinese paintings are as familiar as the smell of kiln (窑) smoke that once hung over the town. 15.（2026·江苏多校联考5月适应性联考）The team has obtained a large quantity of (patent) covering the synthesis method and application scenarios of the new molecule, which cover the entire industrial chain from raw materials to finished products. 考向02 名词与其他词类之间的转换 类型一：名词与形容词之间的转换 1.（2024·北京）Taking the time 11. to rest (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 (self-aware). 2. （2026·北京西城区二模）Just like a muscle, when you exercise your 17 (thankful) more often, you’re more likely to see beneficial effects. 3. （2026·北京海淀区二模）As votes build up, so does ____20____ (evident) of your new identity. 4.（2026·河南开封高级中学冲刺预测卷（一））Now, they’re still on their way to Shanghai. They sum up their experience with two words: connection and (free) — connecting with the world, exploring independently and carving out their own paths in life. 5.（2026·广东广州市普通高中毕业班考前冲刺题（一））If more businesses can balance (open) with safety and design absorbing tours, “Industrial Disneyland” may evolve from a small-scale interest into a cultural tourism centerpiece. 类型二：名词和动词之间的转换 1. （2026·北京海淀区期末）Through immersive experiences, they uncovered the timeless stories of Qingzhuan Tea, ____16____ (learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people. 2. （2026·北京房山区一模）China launched the ____17____ (construct) of a new large astronomical observation project, the Xue-shan-mu-chang 15-meter SubMillimeter Telescope (XSMT), on September 20, 2025. by establishing a high-precision facility that ____19____ (address) a notable gap in its existing astronomical infrastructure. As scheduled, the project ____20____ (complete) in 2027. 3. （2026·北京通州区一模）These situations rarely threaten our ____15____ (survive), but they still bring about the same stress responses. 4. （2026·北京顺义区期末）If you’ve ever felt guilty about inactivity or struggled with time ____12____ (manage), “Snacktivity” may be the answer. 考向03 名词的活用（名词的功能） 1.（2019·北京高考）On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” 2.（2026·河北省张家口适应性测试（三））“I aim (bridge) China and Indonesia — or even Southeast Asia,” he said. 考向04 名词的所有格 1．Many science museums launch activities to make complex technology accessible, which is effective in arousing (teenager) scientific passion. 2．The entire class is immersed in the collective revision, getting ready for the (year) final exams in the coming week. . 3．Though some doubted the (experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 重难·创新演练 设题创新:环境保护（T1）；中医药(T4);AI与人文底蕴(T5);中国网络文学(T6)；AI与环保（T7）；中国文化遗产保护（P1）；中国文化宣传（邮票）（P2） 学科融合:社会科学(T2);自然科学(T5) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1. 【新情境·环境保护】（2026·北京房山·期末） Environmental conservation organizations, photojournalists, those involved in environmental policy, and even private ____20____ (citizen) are all able to affect change through conservation photography. 2.【学科融合:社会科学】（2026·北京顺义牛栏山一中·期末）With a bicycle, anything seemed possible, and ordinary people set off on many extraordinary ____13____ (journey). 3. 【新角度:自然科学】（2026·北京海淀区·二模）The colour “ultrablack” (超黑) is inspired by the feathers (羽毛) of the riflebird (风鸟). Originally used on ____18____ (instrument) such as telescopes and cameras, it has now become the centrepiece of a dress. 4．【新情境·中医药】（2026·河北·一模）Under the __________ (guide) of the Three-Year Action Plan for TCM Industry Development, the county has rolled out a series of policies to support the industry, from special funding to a full supply chain system. 5．【新情境·AI与人文底蕴】（2026·浙江·一模）While AI can boost translation __________ (efficient), “elegance” — the “ya” in the classic Chinese standard of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance — still requires a human touch.   6．【新情境·中国网络文学】（2026·湖南·二模）In Sept., the 2025 China International Online Literature Week opened in Hangzhou, bringing together hundreds of writers, critics, industry representatives and communication experts from around the world to look into __________ (plan) for the promotion of the global reach of Chinese online literature.    7．【新情境·AI与环保】（2026·广东·二模）The AI system allows the robot to copy animal behavior and fit in with the herds, thus enabling scientists to observe the antelopes’ natural __________ (activity) from a distance without disturbing or frightening them. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·中国文化遗产】（2026·山东日照·一模）Food has long been regarded as the soul of Chinese culture. And Chinese cuisine, which is renowned for its diversity and philosophical 36 (deep), holds the ancient art of fermentation (发酵) in particularly high regard. This transformative process serves not only as a practical method of preservation but also as a 37 (base) technique for unlocking complex flavor profiles. Over the past thousands of years, this traditional food-making method, carried forward like a living heritage, 38 (pass) down from generation to generation, shining brightly in the long river of Chinese food culture. Beyond everyday seasonings 39 soy sauce and vinegar (醋), which are themselves products of fermentation, more distinctive creations can be found. Southern cuisines, such as 40 of Guangdong, rely on fermented seafood or beans to form the essential flavorful foundation for numerous dishes. In Sichuan, paocai (pickled vegetables) provides a sharp counterpoint to the region’s fiery chilies, thus 41 (create) a thrilling yet balanced taste sensation. The most iconic example is perhaps fermented tofu (furu), 42 humble beancurd is transformed by microbes (微生物) into a product with a creamy texture and a cheese-like flavor. This tasty food, 43 enjoyed as a fragrant, flavor-packed seasoning or as a steaming, delicious street snack, 44 (reflect) a core cooking principle: transforming simple ingredients into lasting sources of taste. Indeed, fermentation represents where microbiology meets gastronomy. To explore them is to taste an essential pillar of China’s food heritage— one 45 (preserve) through time and folk wisdom. Passage 2 【新情境·中国文化宣传】（2026·北京延庆·一模） Unearthed from Wei & Jin Dynasties tomb No. 5 in Jiayuguan City, the painted brick with a messenger design is one of the most important ____11____(treasure) in Gansu Province Museum. 35cm long and 17cm wide, it has a messenger ____12____(ride) a horse with black headband on head and holding in left hand a writ and tally, which is an authenticating object (信物) when passing through customs passes and postal stations. It was designed as the symbol of China post and a commemorative stamp ____13____(release) on August 25, 1982 by China’s Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. 真题·实战演练 高频考点：名词的数，名词与形容词、动词之间的转换 1.（2024·北京·语法填空）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 2. （2026·北京十一学校期末·语法填空）After shining different kinds of light and lasers onto the fish in a laboratory, researchers made a____15____ (discover) that the small structures in its muscles are what turns light into rainbow colors. 3. （2026·北京东城期末·语法填空）Trees are a splendid ____18____ (represent) of growth. 4. （2026·北京丰台期末·语法填空）In a new study published in the science journal Chaos, researchers ___14.played____ (play) classical music for fetuses (胎儿) using headphones on the mothers’ ____15____ (stomach). 5. （2026·北京石景山期末·语法填空）Medical studies suggest that many people, especially _____13_____ (child), should be cautious or even avoid drinking coffee. 6. （2026·北京海淀期末·语法填空）A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true ____17____ (belief), but will be blind to others. 7. （2026·北京石景山区一模·语法填空）On its part, China will also welcome the world with greater ____13____ (open) to the international community. 8.（2026·河南濮阳市三考前预测·语法填空）Mum’s (enthusiastic) for documenting family outings used to annoy me as a child. But as I’ve gotten older, I’ve realized the error of my ways. Namely: if you don’t capture your best angles regularly, people will forget how attractive you were. 9.（2026·湖北鄂东南教学改革联盟学校5月模拟·语法填空）Remarkably, the number of national-level intangible cultural heritage inheritors had grown to nearly 4,000 by March 2025, reflecting the (effective) of these preservation efforts. 10.（2026·湖北武汉市五月模拟·语法填空）Here, service robots greet visitors in hotels, cafés, shopping malls and libraries. Self-driving taxis glide (滑行) smoothly through the streets, offering visitors an unusual glimpse of future transport, and drones clean high-rise buildings with (precise). 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 名词 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 6 真题·实战演练 11 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：名词的数，名词与其他词性之间的转换…… 考向01 名词的数 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.（2024·北京）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 【答案】boundaries 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表示不止一个界限，名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。 2.（2023·北京）Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. 【答案】cities 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。 3.（2021·北京）Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have diverse____11____ (idea)． 【答案】ideas 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。 4. （2020·北京）Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. 【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。 5. （2019·北京）No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. 【答案】activities 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。 6. （2026·北京西城区期末）Of all my Sports Day ___11___ (memory), the most touching unfolded that evening. 【答案】memories 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在我所有的运动会回忆中，最令人心动的那一幕发生在那天晚上。空前有all，空格处用复数。故填memories。 7. （2026·北京海淀区一模）A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true ____17____ (belief), but will be blind to others. 【答案】beliefs 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：一个思维敏锐但思想封闭的人可能会拥有许多正确的信念，但却对其他观点视而不见。belief为可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填beliefs。 8. （2019·北京丰台区一模）China’s world natural heritage sites are all in good condition, with their ecological value contributing economically to local ____11____ (community). 【答案】communities 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：中国的世界自然遗产状况良好，其生态价值为当地社区带来了经济贡献。根据空前local（当地的）可知，空处需填名词community（社区）；结合语境，当地社区不止一个，应用复数形式communities作宾语。故填communities。 9. （2019·北京顺义区期末）We were both new to Middle School, each carrying the various ____18____ (anxiety) of facing a new environment. 【答案】anxieties 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：我们俩都是刚进入中学的学生，每个人心中都怀着面对新环境时的各种焦虑情绪。various（各种各样的）后接可数名词复数，故填anxieties。 10. （2026·北京房山区二模）A saying like “Harmony is most precious” highlights the importance of harmony in the ____15____ (life) of Chinese people. 【答案】lives 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：像“和为贵”这样的俗语，凸显了和谐在中国人生活中的重要性。根据“Chinese people”可知，此处指众多人的生活，空处需填名词复数lives。 11. （2026·北京昌平区二模）After years of struggles, I came to realize that 17 (difficult) are not something that blocks the path, but something that guides it. 【答案】difficulties 【解析】考查名词的后缀和名词的数。句意：历经多年奋斗，我终于明白：困难并非阻碍前路的绊脚石，而是指引方向的路标。空格后是 are（复数谓语），说明主语必须是复数名词。多给为形容词，difficult：形容词，意为 “困难的”，形容词 difficult → 名词 difficulty（困难）→ 复数 difficulties。 12. （2026·北京房山区一模）Situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this project aims to enhance the country’s ____18____ (capability) in exploring the cold, hidden universe. 【答案】capabilities 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：该项目位于青藏高原，旨在提升国家探索寒冷隐秘宇宙的能力。此处表示“多种能力”，应用可数名词复数形式，所以用capabilities。故填capabilities。 13. （2026·北京门头沟区一模）It also excels in social settings — for example, helping ____19____ (individual) practice public speaking or nonverbal communication. 【答案】individuals 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：它在社交场景中也表现出色——例如，帮助人们练习公开演讲或非语言沟通。此处表示“人们、个体”，为可数名词复数概念，所以用individuals。故填individuals。 14.（2026·四川自贡市三诊）For the (local), these images borrowed from traditional Chinese paintings are as familiar as the smell of kiln (窑) smoke that once hung over the town. 【答案】locals 【解析】考查名词的复数。句意：对于当地人来说，这些借鉴中国传统绘画的图案，就像曾经笼罩小镇的窑烟气味一样熟悉。定冠词the后接名词，此处泛指当地民众，需用复数形式locals。 15.（2026·江苏多校联考5月适应性联考）The team has obtained a large quantity of (patent) covering the synthesis method and application scenarios of the new molecule, which cover the entire industrial chain from raw materials to finished products. 【答案】patents 【解析】考查名词的复数。句意：该团队已经获得了大量涵盖新分子合成方法和应用场景的专利，这些专利覆盖了从原材料到成品的整个产业链。a large quantity of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，此处patent为可数名词，且根据语境表示多项专利，应用复数形式patents。 考向02 名词与其他词类之间的转换 类型一：名词与形容词之间的转换 1.（2024·北京）Taking the time 11. to rest (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of 12 (self-aware). 【答案】self-awareness 【解析】考查名词的后缀。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。 2. （2026·北京西城区二模）Just like a muscle, when you exercise your 17 (thankful) more often, you’re more likely to see beneficial effects. 【答案】thankfulness 【解析】考查名词的后缀。句意：就像肌肉一样，当你更频繁地锻炼你的感恩之心时，你更有可能看到有益的效果。空格前有形容词性物主代词 your（你的），后面需要接名词作 exercise（锻炼）的宾语，形容词 thankful → 名词 thankfulness（感恩；感激之情） 3. （2026·北京海淀区二模）As votes build up, so does ____20____ (evident) of your new identity. 【答案】evidence 【解析】考查名词的后缀。句意：随着选票的不断累积，关于你新身份的证据也逐渐显现出来。作主语，用名词evidence，不可数。 4.（2026·河南开封高级中学冲刺预测卷（一））Now, they’re still on their way to Shanghai. They sum up their experience with two words: connection and (free) — connecting with the world, exploring independently and carving out their own paths in life. 【答案】freedom 【解析】考查名词。句意：他们用两个词总结这段经历：连接与自由——与世界连接，独立探索，走出自己的人生道路。本空与connection并列作with的宾语，需用名词形式freedom。 5.（2026·广东广州市普通高中毕业班考前冲刺题（一））If more businesses can balance (open) with safety and design absorbing tours, “Industrial Disneyland” may evolve from a small-scale interest into a cultural tourism centerpiece. 【答案】openness 【解析】考查与形容词的转换。句意：如果更多的企业能够在开放性与安全性之间取得平衡，并设计出吸引游客的游览线路，“工业迪士尼乐园”或许就能从一项小规模的爱好发展成为一项重要的文化旅游项目。作动词的宾语，用名词openness。 类型二：名词和动词之间的转换 1. （2026·北京海淀区期末）Through immersive experiences, they uncovered the timeless stories of Qingzhuan Tea, ____16____ (learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people. 【答案】learning 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意：通过沉浸式体验，他们发掘了青砖茶的永恒故事，了解到中式现代化如何促进人们之间的文化交流和相互理解。“(learn) how Chinese-style modernization encourages cultural exchange and mutual understanding among people”在句中作状语，learn(了解)用动名词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填learning。 2. （2026·北京房山区一模）China launched the ____17____ (construct) of a new large astronomical observation project, the Xue-shan-mu-chang 15-meter SubMillimeter Telescope (XSMT), on September 20, 2025. by establishing a high-precision facility that ____19____ (address) a notable gap in its existing astronomical infrastructure. As scheduled, the project ____20____ (complete) in 2027. 【答案】construction 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意： 2025年9月20日，中国启动新建大型天文观测项目雪山牧场15米亚毫米波望远镜的建设。此处作动词launched的宾语，用construct的名词形式construction，意为“建设”。故填construction。 3. （2026·北京通州区一模）These situations rarely threaten our ____15____ (survive), but they still bring about the same stress responses. 【答案】survival 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意：然而，如今同样的情绪似乎是由工作、社会压力或经济问题引起的。空处用于our之后，应用名词形式survival，表示“生存”，作动词threaten的宾语。 4. （2026·北京顺义区期末）If you’ve ever felt guilty about inactivity or struggled with time ____12____ (manage), “Snacktivity” may be the answer. 【答案】management 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意：如果你曾因不运动而感到内疚，或者在时间管理上遇到困难，“零食式运动”可能是答案。此处作介词with的宾语，应用名词形式；time management为固定搭配，意为“时间管理”。故填management。 考向03 名词的活用（名词的功能） 1.（2019·北京高考）On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I ___1___(voice) my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” 【答案】voiced 【解析】（名词动用） 考查时态。句意：我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友？”此处的voice是动词，“表达”的意思，作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情，用一般过去时。故填voiced。 2.（2026·河北省张家口适应性测试（三））“I aim (bridge) China and Indonesia — or even Southeast Asia,” he said. 【答案】to bridge 【解析】（名词动用）考查动词不定式。句意：“我的目标是将中国和印度尼西亚——甚至整个东南亚连接起来。”他说道。此处为固定搭配aim to do sth. 意为“旨在做某事、目标是做某事”。bridge 在此处作动词，意为“架起桥梁、连接”。 考向04 名词的所有格 1．Many science museums launch activities to make complex technology accessible, which is effective in arousing (teenager) scientific passion. 【答案】teenagers' 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：许多科技馆开展各类活动，让复杂的科技变得通俗易懂，有效激发了青少年的科学热情。此处修饰名词scientific passion，表“青少年的”，teenager为可数名词，用复数形式的所有格teenagers'。故填teenagers。 2．The entire class is immersed in the collective revision, getting ready for the (year) final exams in the coming week. . 【答案】year’s 【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：整个班级都沉浸在集体复习中，为下周的年度期末考试做准备。单数名词的所有格是在词尾加’s，year是单数名词，the year’s final exams 意为“学年的期末考试”。故填year’s。 3．Though some doubted the (experiment) safety, Franklin's work advanced the study of electricity. His contributions remain influential in science. 【答案】experiment’s 【解析】考查名词的所有格。句意：虽然有人怀疑实验的安全性，但富兰克林的工作推动了电学的研究。他的贡献在科学界仍有影响力。表示“实验的”安全性，用名词所有格，experiment的所有格是experiment’s。故填experiment’s。 重难·创新演练 设题创新:环境保护（T1）；中医药(T4);AI与人文底蕴(T5);中国网络文学(T6)；AI与环保（T7）；中国文化遗产（P1）；中国文化宣传（邮票）（P2） 学科融合:社会科学(T2);自然科学(T3) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1. 【新情境·环境保护】（2026·北京房山·期末） Environmental conservation organizations, photojournalists, those involved in environmental policy, and even private ____20____ (citizen) are all able to affect change through conservation photography. 【答案】citizens 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：环境保护组织、摄影记者、参与环境政策的人，甚至普通公民都能够通过保护摄影来影响变革。提示词和“Environmental conservation organizations, photojournalists, those involved in environmental policy”是并列关系，应用名词citizen“公民”的复数形式，和其它名词一起作句子主语。故填citizens。 2.【学科融合:社会科学】（2026·北京顺义牛栏山一中·期末）With a bicycle, anything seemed possible, and ordinary people set off on many extraordinary ____13____ (journey). 【答案】journeys 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：有了自行车，似乎一切都成为可能，普通人开启了许多非凡的旅程。空前many后接可数名词复数形式，journey的复数为journeys，符合语境。故填journeys。 3. 【新角度:自然科学】（2026·北京海淀区·二模）The colour “ultrablack” (超黑) is inspired by the feathers (羽毛) of the riflebird (风鸟). Originally used on ____18____ (instrument) such as telescopes and cameras, it has now become the centrepiece of a dress. 【答案】instruments 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：最初它被用于诸如望远镜和相机等仪器上，如今已成为一件连衣裙的核心元素。instrument是可数名词“仪器”，由such as telescopes and cameras可知，空格处用名词复数形式。 4．【新情境·中医药】（2026·河北·一模）Under the __________ (guide) of the Three-Year Action Plan for TCM Industry Development, the county has rolled out a series of policies to support the industry, from special funding to a full supply chain system. 【答案】guidance 【解析】句意：在中医药产业发展三年行动计划的引领下，该县出台了一系列扶持政策，涵盖专项资金到完整供应链体系等各方面。空前为定冠词the，此处为名词形式，guidance“指导”，构成固定搭配：under the guidance of“在……的指导下”，符合语境。 5．【新情境·AI与人文底蕴】（2026·浙江·一模）While AI can boost translation __________ (efficient), “elegance” — the “ya” in the classic Chinese standard of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance — still requires a human touch.   【答案】efficiency 【解析】句意：人工智能虽能提升翻译效率，但翻译标准“信达雅”中的“雅”，仍需靠人的人文底蕴来实现。动词 boost 后接名词作宾语；形容词efficient对应的名词是efficiency，意为“效率”；根据固定搭配：translation efficiency“翻译效率”，符合语境。 6．【新情境·中国网络文学】（2026·湖南·二模）In Sept., the 2025 China International Online Literature Week opened in Hangzhou, bringing together hundreds of writers, critics, industry representatives and communication experts from around the world to look into __________ (plan) for the promotion of the global reach of Chinese online literature.    【答案】plans 【解析】句意：9月，2025中国国际网络文学周在杭州开幕，汇聚全球各地数百名作家、评论家、行业代表与传播专家，共同探讨提升中国网络文学国际影响力的相关规划。look into后接名词作宾语，plan是可数名词；此处指推广中国网络文学全球影响力的多项规划、方案，表泛指，用复数plans。 7．【新情境·AI与环保】（2026·广东·二模）The AI system allows the robot to copy animal behavior and fit in with the herds, thus enabling scientists to observe the antelopes’ natural __________ (activity) from a distance without disturbing or frightening them. 【答案】activities 【解析】句意：这套人工智能系统能让机器人模仿动物行为、融入兽群，从而让科学家远距离观察羚羊的自然活动，且不会打扰或惊扰它们。分析句子可知，此处为名词作宾语，activity是可数名词，意为“活动”。此处指羚羊各类日常自然行为、活动，不止一种，表泛指多种活动，要用复数形式activities。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 1 【新情境·中国文化遗产】（2026·山东日照·一模）Food has long been regarded as the soul of Chinese culture. And Chinese cuisine, which is renowned for its diversity and philosophical 1 (deep), holds the ancient art of fermentation (发酵) in particularly high regard. This transformative process serves not only as a practical method of preservation but also as a 2 (base) technique for unlocking complex flavor profiles. Over the past thousands of years, this traditional food-making method, carried forward like a living heritage, 3 (pass) down from generation to generation, shining brightly in the long river of Chinese food culture. Beyond everyday seasonings 4 soy sauce and vinegar (醋), which are themselves products of fermentation, more distinctive creations can be found. Southern cuisines, such as 5 of Guangdong, rely on fermented seafood or beans to form the essential flavorful foundation for numerous dishes. In Sichuan, paocai (pickled vegetables) provides a sharp counterpoint to the region’s fiery chilies, thus 6 (create) a thrilling yet balanced taste sensation. The most iconic example is perhaps fermented tofu (furu), 7 humble beancurd is transformed by microbes (微生物) into a product with a creamy texture and a cheese-like flavor. This tasty food, 8 enjoyed as a fragrant, flavor-packed seasoning or as a steaming, delicious street snack, 9 (reflect) a core cooking principle: transforming simple ingredients into lasting sources of taste. Indeed, fermentation represents where microbiology meets gastronomy. To explore them is to taste an essential pillar of China’s food heritage— one 10 (preserve) through time and folk wisdom. 【答案】 1．depth 2．basic 3．has been passed 4．like 5．those 6．creating 7．where 8．whether 9．reflects 10．Preserved 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国烹饪中发酵这一古老技艺。 1．考查名词。句意：中国烹饪以其多样性和哲学深度而闻名，尤其重视古老的发酵艺术。此处与diversity并列，作介词for的宾语，应用名词depth，意为“深度”，表示抽象概念，不可数。故填depth。 2．考查形容词。句意：这种转化过程不仅是一种实用的保存方法，也是解锁复杂风味的基本技术。此处修饰名词technique，应用形容词basic，意为“基本的”。故填basic。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在过去的几千年里，这种传统的食物制作方法，像一种活的遗产一样传承下来，一代又一代地流传下来，在中国饮食文化的长河中闪耀着光芒。根据时间状语Over the past thousands of years可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分词”，主语this traditional food - making method与pass down之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以此处用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为单数，所以用has been passed。故填has been passed。 4．考查介词。句意：除了日常的调味料，如酱油和醋，它们本身就是发酵的产物，还可以发现更独特的创造。此处表示列举，意为“像，例如”，用介词like。故填like。 5．考查代词。句意：南方菜系，如广东的菜系，依靠发酵的海鲜或豆类为众多菜肴形成基本的风味基础。此处指代前文的cuisines，为复数，用those指代同类不同物。故填those。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在四川，泡菜与该地区的火辣辣椒形成鲜明对比，从而创造出一种刺激但平衡的味觉体验。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词provides，所以此处应用非谓语动词，paocai与create之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词creating作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填creating。 7．考查定语从句。句意：最具代表性的例子可能是腐乳，在这个过程中，普通的豆腐被微生物转化为一种质地如奶油、味道类似奶酪的产品。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为fermented tofu，在从句中作地点状语，相当于in fermented tofu，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．考查固定搭配。句意：这种美味的食物，无论是作为一种香气扑鼻、味道浓郁的调味料，还是作为一种热气腾腾、美味可口的街头小吃，都反映了一个核心烹饪原则：将简单的食材转化为持久的美味来源。此处为固定搭配whether...or...，意为“无论是……还是……”。故填whether。 9．考查动词时态。句意：这种美味的食物，无论是作为一种香气扑鼻、味道浓郁的调味料，还是作为一种热气腾腾、美味可口的街头小吃，都反映了一个核心烹饪原则：将简单的食材转化为持久的美味来源。此处为句子的谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语This tasty food是单数，所以用reflects。故填reflects。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：探索它们就是品尝中国饮食遗产的一个重要支柱——一个通过时间和民间智慧保存下来的支柱。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处应用非谓语动词，one（指代an essential pillar）与preserve之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词preserved作后置定语，修饰one。故填preserved。 Passage 2 【新情境·中国文化宣传】（2026·北京延庆·一模） Unearthed from Wei & Jin Dynasties tomb No. 5 in Jiayuguan City, the painted brick with a messenger design is one of the most important ____11____(treasure) in Gansu Province Museum. 35cm long and 17cm wide, it has a messenger ____12____(ride) a horse with black headband on head and holding in left hand a writ and tally, which is an authenticating object (信物) when passing through customs passes and postal stations. It was designed as the symbol of China post and a commemorative stamp ____13____(release) on August 25, 1982 by China’s Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. 【答案】11. treasures 12. riding 13. was released 【导语】这是一篇说明文。嘉峪关魏晋墓出土的驿使图画像砖，是甘肃省博物馆重要文物。砖上绘骑马驿使，曾作为中国邮政标志，1982 年被印成纪念邮票发行。 【解析】 11.考查名词的数。句意：这幅绘有信使图案的彩绘砖块是从嘉峪关市的五号魏晋时期墓葬中出土的，它是甘肃省博物馆最重要的藏品之一。此处为one of+最高级+复数名词。故填treasures。 12. 考查非谓语动词。句意：长35厘米、宽17厘米，它上面有一位骑马的信使，其头上戴着黑色头巾，左手拿着一份文书和信物，这是在通过海关和驿站时用于认证的物品。句中已有谓语动词has，空处应用非谓语动词，ride和逻辑主语messenger是主动关系，用现在分词，作后置定语。故填riding。 13. 考查时态语态。句意：它被设计为中国的邮政标志，并且中国邮电部于1982年8月25日发行了一枚相关的纪念邮票。主语a commemorative stamp与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文on August 25可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was released。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：名词的数，名词与形容词、动词之间的转换 1.（2024·北京·语法填空）To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life. 【答案】boundaries 【解析】考场名词的数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表示不止一个界限，名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。 2. （2026·北京十一学校期末·语法填空）After shining different kinds of light and lasers onto the fish in a laboratory, researchers made a____15____ (discover) that the small structures in its muscles are what turns light into rainbow colors. 【答案】discovery 【解析】考查名词与动词的转换。句意：在实验室里，研究人员将不同种类的光和激光照射到鱼身上后，发现它肌肉中的小结构是将光变成彩虹色的原因。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，根据语境和句意可知，此处意为“发现”，名词是discovery。故填discovery。 3. （2026·北京东城期末·语法填空）Trees are a splendid ____18____ (represent) of growth. 【答案】representation 【解析】考查名词与动词的切换。句意：树木是生长的杰出代表。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，represent的名词形式representation“代表”符合语境，根据a可知，用单数形式。故填representation。 4. （2026·北京丰台期末·语法填空）In a new study published in the science journal Chaos, researchers ___14.played____ (play) classical music for fetuses (胎儿) using headphones on the mothers’ ____15____ (stomach). 【答案】stomachs 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：在一项发表在科学期刊《Chaos》上的新研究中，研究人员通过放在孕妇肚子上的耳机给胎儿播放古典音乐。stomach为可数名词，根据“mothers’”可知，此处指母亲们的腹部，应用复数形式。故填stomachs。 5. （2026·北京石景山期末·语法填空）Medical studies suggest that many people, especially _____13_____ (child), should be cautious or even avoid drinking coffee. 【答案】children 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：医学研究表明，许多人群，尤其是儿童，应当谨慎饮用咖啡，甚至应当避免饮用。child是可数名词，结合语意，数量大于一用复数形式。故填children。 6. （2026·北京海淀期末·语法填空）A skilled critical thinker with a closed mind will likely have many true ____17____ (belief), but will be blind to others. 【答案】beliefs 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：一个思维敏锐但思想封闭的人可能会拥有许多正确的信念，但却对其他观点视而不见。belief为可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式。故填beliefs。 7. （2026·北京石景山区一模·语法填空）On its part, China will also welcome the world with greater ____13____ (open) to the international community. 【答案】openness 【解析】考查名词与形容词的转换。句意：中国也将以更大的开放姿态欢迎世界，面向国际社会。根据“greater”可知，空处应用名词，作介词“with”的宾语，open的名词形式是openness，意为“开放”，是不可数名词。故填openness。 8.（2026·河南濮阳市三考前预测·语法填空）Mum’s (enthusiastic) for documenting family outings used to annoy me as a child. But as I’ve gotten older, I’ve realized the error of my ways. Namely: if you don’t capture your best angles regularly, people will forget how attractive you were. 【答案】enthusiasm 【解析】考查与形容词的转换。句意：小时候，妈妈热衷于记录家庭出游的场景，这常常让我感到厌烦。根据空前的Mum’s可知，此处用名词enthusiasm作主语。 9.（2026·湖北鄂东南教学改革联盟学校5月模拟·语法填空）Remarkably, the number of national-level intangible cultural heritage inheritors had grown to nearly 4,000 by March 2025, reflecting the (effective) of these preservation efforts. 【答案】effectiveness 【解析】考查与形容词的转换。句意：截至2025年3月，国家级非遗传承人数量已增至近四千人，充分体现出各类保护工作取得的实效。定冠词the后接名词作宾语，effective对应的名词形式为effectiveness。 10.（2026·湖北武汉市五月模拟·语法填空）Here, service robots greet visitors in hotels, cafés, shopping malls and libraries. Self-driving taxis glide (滑行) smoothly through the streets, offering visitors an unusual glimpse of future transport, and drones clean high-rise buildings with (precise). 【答案】precision 【解析】考查与形容词的转换。句意：自动驾驶出租车在街道上平稳行驶，为游客展现了未来交通的独特景象，而无人机则精准地清洁着高层建筑。作介词的宾语，用名词precision。 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 名词 参考答案 模拟·基础演练 考向01 名词的数 1.boundaries 2.cities 3.ideas 4.countries 5. activities 6. memories 7.beliefs 8.communities 9. anxieties 10. lives 11. difficulties 12.capabilities 13.individuals 14.locals 15.patents 考向02 名词与其他词类之间的转换 类型一：名词与形容词之间的转换 1.self-awareness 2. thankfulness 3. evidence 4.freedom 5.openness 类型二：名词和动词之间的转换 1.learning 2.construction 3.survival 4.management 考向03 名词的活用（名词的功能） 1.voiced 2.to bridge 考向04 名词的所有格 1．teenagers' 2．year’s 3．experiment’s 重难·创新演练 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1. citizens 2.journeys 3. instruments 4. guidance 5. efficiency 6. plans 7. activities 二、语法填空 Passage 1 1．depth 2．basic 3．has been passed 4．like 5．those 6．creating 7．where 8．whether 9．reflects 10．Preserved Passage 2 11. treasures 12. riding 13. was released 真题·实战演练 1.boundaries 2. discovery 3. representation 4.stomachs 5.children 6.beliefs 7. openness 8.enthusiasm 9.effectiveness 10.precision 20 / 20网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $