专题03 阅读理解（议论文）（期末真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 该汇编聚焦高一下英语期末阅读理解，精选“人与社会”“人与自我”主题议论文，涵盖AI影响、太空探索、身体意象等时代话题，素材兼具思想性与真实性，适配期末复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解（选择题）|约32题（每篇4题）|细节理解（如AI失业数据）、词义猜测（如“eliminate”）、推理判断（如太空互联网影响）、主旨大意（如自我接纳主题）|情境贴近科技前沿（AI与机器人）、社会热点（数字鸿沟）；问题设计梯度分明，从基础信息提取到深层态度分析，契合高考阅读命题趋势|

专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·黑龙江鸡西·期末） For most people, AI is still seen as just chatbots like ChatGPT—a helpful, if imperfect, tool for answering questions. But that view may undersell the scale（规模）of change that AI is about to bring. Adam Dorr, a researcher at the think tank RethinkX, warns that AI will reshape industries faster than we expect. He explains, “What we’re seeing with AI today follows the same historical pattern（模式）we’ve seen with every major technological change. It doesn’t take 50 or 100 years for industries to change. It takes 15 to 20years, sometimes even less. AI is already changing how work is done. It is not only used for boring, routine tasks; it is growing rapidly and may soon take over entire jobs.” One major change is the marriage of advanced AI with robotics. For example, self-driving cars are already seen in a handful of American cities. Dorr believes that these cars will take over the country’s roads within the next two years. “And once AI is in vehicles, it won’t stop there. It will quickly move into other robotic forms, including robots that look and act like people,” Dorr says. Most jobs aren’t single activities; they are a collection of tasks, Dorr argues, and AI will gradually chip away at them. At first, AI will help workers, improving efficiency（效率）and productivity. But as it improves, it will eliminate the need for humans and perform those tasks by itself, slowly replacing human work. A recent interview found that 37 percent of companies using AI have already replaced human workers, with 44 percent planning layoffs in 2025, and that about two-thirds of people expect significant job losses in the next ten years because of AI. However, some experts say that AI will not replace people but will work with them. Dr. Cain Elliott, Chief Legal Futurist at Filevine, has high hopes for AI—particularly in the legal industry, where AI has begun reshaping workflows. “AI is used as a tool to support lawyers, while humans still make the final decisions,” Elliott says. 1．How will AI affect us according to Dorr? A．It is set to create countless well-paid jobs. B．It will lead to a sharp rise in traffic accidents. C．It is coming for our jobs sooner than expected. D．It will reshape our understanding of human history. 2．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Remove. B．Support. C．Remind. D．Follow. 3．Which is the percentage of the interviewees expecting AI-driven job losses in the next ten years? A．37%. B．44%. C．About 67%. D．About 80%. 4．What is Elliott’s attitude towards the role of AI? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过分析AI（人工智能）从辅助工具到潜在颠覆性技术的转变，探讨其对重塑行业、替代就业及人机协作模式的多重影响，呈现技术变革的复杂性与社会适应的紧迫性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Adam Dorr, a researcher at the think tank RethinkX, warns that AI will reshape industries faster than we expect. He explains, ‘... It is not only used for boring, routine tasks; it is growing rapidly and may soon take over entire jobs.(智库RethinkX的研究员亚当·多尔警告称，人工智能将以超乎我们预期的速度重塑各行各业。他解释道：“……它不仅用于枯燥乏味的日常工作；它正在快速发展，可能很快就会取代所有工作岗位。”)”可推断，Dorr认为AI会比预期更早地威胁到我们的工作。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线词后“slowly replacing human work.(慢慢替代人类工作)”可推断，AI将替代人类工作，这说明AI将不需要人类，即消除对人类的需求，由此可知，画线词与Remove的意思最接近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“A recent interview found that 37 percent of companies using AI have already replaced human workers, with 44 percent planning layoffs in 2025, and that about two-thirds of people expect significant job losses in the next ten years because of AI.(最近的一次采访发现，37% 使用人工智能的公司已经取代了人类工人，44% 的公司计划在 2025 年裁员，约三分之二的人预计未来十年由于人工智能将出现大量失业。)”可知，约有67%的受访者认为未来十年会发生因AI引发的失业潮。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. Cain Elliott, Chief Legal Futurist at Filevine, has high hopes for AI—particularly in the legal industry, where AI has begun reshaping workflows.(Filevine 首席法律未来学家 Cain Elliott 博士对人工智能寄予厚望，尤其是在法律行业，人工智能已经开始重塑工作流程。)”可推断，Elliott对AI的作用持肯定态度。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末） For those of us who grew up watching Star Trek, exploring space has been about discovering strange new worlds. And there are plenty of worlds to explore in time, but we still need major technological advancements to reach planets that are light years away. What we are doing in space today is providing unbelievable benefits right now, right here on Earth. From space, we can monitor, manage and care for our planet. Satellite-based sensors show us the short- and long-term effects of human activity on our environment. Many companies are using their interest in space to help solve problems here, from using hyperspectral imaging(高光谱成像), which enable us to map vegetation(植被) and rain forests, to microsatellites that provide global connectivity for the network of things. My company, OneWeb, is focusing on what I believe is one of the world’s most important issues: the need for equal access to the Internet. The Internet has become our economic lifeblood. And yet, nearly half of the world’s population doesn’t have Internet access. Space is playing a key role in bridging this digital divide. OneWeb is launching 1,980 satellites to help bring Internet access to people everywhere, and our first production satellites are already flying in space and have shown very high download speeds. Fiber and cable Internet access technologies already cover most financially viable(可行的) major cities. Similarly, these regions will also be the first to be served with 5G. Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty. OneWeb’s satellites will reach every community in the world and enable equal access to the Internet for the world’s less developed places. Fifty years from the day when man first walked on the moon, we are still only approaching the possible. There will be tens of thousands of new satellites, space stations and factories in the coming years to bring advancements in communications, scientific research, monitoring the earth, exploring space and more. This is exciting, but we must take action carefully. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Benefits space exploration can bring to us. B．Problems space exploration leads to. C．Steps of space exploration requires. D．Equipment space exploration needs. 2．What is OneWeb aiming to do? A．Increase download speeds. B．Narrow the gap in Internet learning. C．Help people set up and maintain a website. D．Enable people to make use of the Internet equally. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．More than six decades ago, man first walked on the moon. B．More than half of the world’s people have no access to the Internet. C．OneWeb’s satellites will make it possible for most people to be served with 5G. D．Without the Internet, poor communities can hardly help themselves out of poverty. 4．What will the writer probably continue to write about in the following paragraph? A．The risks of furthering space exploration. B．The value of setting up space stations. C．The way we could monitor our earth. D．The features of microsatellites. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了我们在太空中取得的进步给地球带来了难以置信的好处，但我们仍然需要谨慎。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“What we are doing in space today is providing unbelievable benefits right now, right here on Earth.(我们今天在太空中所做的一切，在地球上此时此地正在提供令人难以置信的好处。)”并结合下文内容可知，本段主要讲述了太空探索带来的好处。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My company, OneWeb, is focusing on what I believe is one of the world’s most important issues: the need for equal access to the Internet. (我的公司OneWeb正专注于我认为是世界上最重要的问题之一：平等访问互联网的需要。)”可知，OneWeb致力于让人们能够拥有平等使用互联网的机会。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty.(贫困社区是最后一个建立连接的社区，如果没有连接，这些社区就没有机会摆脱贫困。)”可推出，如果没有网络，贫困社区很难摆脱贫困。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There will be tens of thousands of new satellites, space stations and factories in the coming years to bring advancements in communications, scientific research, monitoring the earth, exploring space and more. This is exciting, but we must take action carefully.(未来几年，将有数以万计的新卫星、空间站和工厂，为通信、科学研究、地球监测、太空探索等领域带来进步。这是令人兴奋的，但我们必须谨慎地采取行动。)”可知，作者在文章最后提到，虽然未来我们将继续在太空中取得进度，但我们需要谨慎采取行动，由此可推测，接下来可能会讲述进一步探索太空有可能遇到的风险，这属于导致要谨慎行动的潜在因素。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn’t attractive. A ‌“friendly” neighborhood aunt advised that if I wanted to find a good husband in the future — I must put on some weight. After all, no one wants a bag of bones. As the years rolled by, mean comments about my skeletal frame continued to pour in. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn’t last long. I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around. I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t ‌“enough” — an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that ‌“skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight — self-improvement, discipline — all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn’t notice the other ways my body needed attention. Actually, I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries. I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self-reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self-hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance. I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck’s back. 1．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She suffered verbal abuse from people around her. B．She became a people-pleaser to restore confidence. C．She always had low self-esteem caused by obesity. D．She was overwhelmed by contradictory beauty standards. 2．Why did the author think she wasn’t ‌“enough”? A．She lacked self-discipline. B．She failed to celebrate ‌“skinny”. C．She didn’t give enough attention to health. D．She was labelled negatively for her weight. 3．What impact did seeking professional help have on the author? A．It reduced her weight. B．It led to a new mindset. C．It ended her self-hatred. D．It caused more confusion. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Beauty Matters B．Growing Pain C．Worth Your Weight D．Battle Societal Values 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者从小到大因身材问题遭受他人负面评价，失去自信，后来通过反思和专业帮助，她开始接受自己的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A ‘friendly’ neighborhood aunt advised that if I wanted to find a good husband in the future — I must put on some weight. After all, no one wants a bag of bones. As the years rolled by, mean comments about my skeletal frame continued to pour in.(一位“友好”的邻居阿姨建议，如果我将来想找个好丈夫，就必须增点肥。毕竟，没人想要一个瘦骨嶙峋的人。随着岁月的流逝，关于我骨架的刻薄评论不断涌入)”和第二段中“I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size.(我13岁时第一次被人叫胖。朋友和邻居会拿我的大块头开玩笑)”可知，作者从小到大，一直因为身材问题遭受了周围人的言语攻击。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t ‌‘enough’ — an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that ‌‘skinny’ is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight — self-improvement, discipline — all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined.(进入成年期时，我觉得自己“不够好”——这种想法不仅是受到“瘦”被推崇的影响，还受到与减肥相关的语言的影响，如自我提升、自律，所有这些都是美德。而肥胖很快就会给你贴上懒惰和散漫的标签)”可知，“瘦”得到推崇，人们把它与自我提升和自律等美德关联起来，而作者因为太胖被贴上懒惰和散漫负面标签，所以她觉得自己“不够好”。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“After a lot of self reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance.(经过大量的自我反思和一些专业帮助，我意识到我从未学会喜欢自己。虽然二十年的自我厌恶无法在一夜之间消除，但我已经迈出了接受自己的第一步)”可知，寻求专业帮助让作者从自我厌恶开始慢慢转变为自我接受，带来了新的思维模式。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段“I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck’s back.(我现在的身心都比以前轻松多了。有时候，我在社交媒体上发现有人说我太胖了，不应得到爱，也不值得被爱，但我正在学着不要把注意力放在这种想法上太久。只要我喜欢我自己，喜欢我自己的样子，那些意见到最后就像鸭背上的水一样)”可知，文章讲述了作者在成长历程中，不再关注别人对自己体重的看法，学会了接纳自己，接受真实的自己，让自己体重就保持原样。C项“Worth Your Weight(你的体重有价值)”能概括文章主旨，最适合做文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期末） Pindar Van Arman is a painter, but he’s also a software designer. He has built some machines and worked on a DARPA challenge team in California to build a self-driving car. His latest project? A robot painter, BitPaintr. BitPaintr is Van Arman’s fifth robot in 10 years. Earlier versions included devices that produced simpler paintings with algorithms (算法). But the idea for BitPaintr is simple: A user just uploads a picture, and it can paint totally on its own and develop its own style. Although his friends joke that he has invented a really expensive, slow, bad painter, Van Arman says teaching a machine how to be creative has helped him get to the bottom of what creativity is — and appreciate it. “When you’re trying to teach a machine to do something that’s easy for humans, it really makes you sit back and see what humans are doing,” he says. So what is creativity, then, if a robot with a paintbrush can be — or appear to be — just as creative as a human with a paintbrush? Mark Riedl, a professor at the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing, says it depends on how you define creativity. “There is creativity and Creativity,” Riedl says. “Being ‘creative’ usually has something to do with the little things that we do hundreds of times in our daily lives. They could be creative, but usually aren’t. To be ‘Creative’ is to have an imagination that will have a huge impact on a social level — the Picassos and the Mozarts of the world; the people who have produced something that’s taken on this additional level of meaning.” Riedl admits what robots create is far from human-level quality art, but he sees robots entering the creative process as a positive thing. “We want the computers to keep up with us,” he says. “And thanks to researchers like Van Arman, it seems like they will, although they will not replace us, but to help us to be more creative.” 1．Which is a new quality of BitPaintr? A．Simplicity. B．Creativity. C．Speed. D．Profitability. 2．What is Van Arman’s friends’ attitude to BitPaintr? A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Hopeful. 3．What does Mark Riedl suggest about computers? A．They will defeat the greatest artists soon. B．They can produce “Creative” things by themselves. C．They will learn more from the Picassos and the Mozarts. D．They can help us to do daily things in more “creative” ways. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Can BitPaintr-like Robots Replace Artists in the Future? B．Why Do People Have Sharply Different Views on AI Robots? C．What Is the Difference Between the Two Kinds of Creativity? D．Can BitPaintr Be Considered a “Creative” Painting Software? 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了Pindar Van Arman创造了一个机器人画家BitPaintr，并讨论了像BitPaintr这样的机器人会不会取代艺术家这个议题。。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the idea for BitPaintr is simple: A user just uploads a picture, and it can paint totally on its own and develop its own style.(但对BitPainter来说，想法很简单：用户只需上传一张图片，它就可以完全自己画画，并发展自己的风格。)”可知，这个机器人的新特征之一是它的创造性。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“his friends joke that he has invented a really expensive, slow, bad painter(他的朋友们开玩笑说他发明了一个非常昂贵、缓慢、糟糕的画家)”可推断，Van Arman的朋友对这个机器人的作用持怀疑态度。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Being ‘creative’ usually has something to do with the little things that we do hundreds of times in our daily lives. They could be creative, but usually aren’t.(‘有创造力’通常与我们日常生活中做了数百次的小事有关。它们可能有创造力，但通常不是。)”及最后一段中的“And thanks to researchers like Van Arman, it seems like they will, although they will not replace us, but to help us to be more creative.(多亏了像Van Arman这样的研究人员，它们似乎会，尽管它们不会取代我们，但会帮助我们更有创造力。)”可知，Mark Riedl认为这种机器人可能会帮助人类更有创造性地完成日常工作。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“ Pindar Van Arman is a painter, but he’s also a software designer. He has built some machines and worked on a DARPA challenge team in California to build a self-driving car. His latest project? A robot painter, BitPaintr.(Pindar Van Arman是一名画家，但他也是一名软件设计师。他已经制造了一些机器，并在加州的DARPA挑战团队中工作，以制造一辆自动驾驶汽车。他的最新计划？一个机器人画家，BitPaintr。)”和最后一段中的“And thanks to researchers like Van Arman, it seems like they will, although they will not replace us, but to help us to be more creative.(多亏了像Van Arman这样的研究人员，它们似乎会，尽管它们不会取代我们，但会帮助我们更有创造力。)”可知，本文讨论的是像BitPaintr这样的机器人有朝一日会不会取代艺术家，所以A项“未来类似BitPainter的机器人能取代艺术家吗？”最适合作本文标题。故选A。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） “Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. ” As Robert Frost reminded us, choices are often difficult and will bring both a gain and a loss. Should I spend my Sunday playing golf or taking a day trip to the North Fork with my wife? If you are a golfer as I am, you will say “Certainly, go playing golf. ” Golf is perhaps the greatest challenge to self-improvement. In golf, every swing is counted and can easily be recalled and reviewed by the golfers as they lie in bed that evening, and therefore, self-improvement is pursued. Now let us return to the question at hand. You will not be surprised to hear that I did in fact go to the North Fork. But, how has that improved me? Can this be quantified (量化)? In golf, whose goal is to complete the game with as few shots as possible, if I average 80 and I shoot a 76, I know that for that day at least I have improved upon my former self and thus feel satisfied. You may argue that travel is not about self-improvement at all but just about having grand experiences. I beg to differ. It does matter how these things change and improve me. Seeing the folks dancing in the streets should change you. And talking to the manager of the biscuit shop, ought to change you. I think travel does change us, but it’s very hard to say just how. How does one quantify buying a peach at a farm? Or how do you quantify the tasty taste of the scones (司康饼) at a stand? Reviewers have had a hard time analyzing the meaning of Robert Frost’s poem. To be honest, I would say all of us have a hard time analyzing our wish to travel to faraway places. I am not sure what the answer is to this tricky question. I may not have made any hole-in-ones on the North Fork but I did enjoy those scones. 1．Why does the author quote the poem? A．To express the meaning of life. B．To explain the challenges the poet met. C．To show the impact of choices. D．To introduce the general views to choices. 2．What does the author think of playing golf? A．Its result is measurable. B．It is the most challenging sports. C．It leads to self-satisfaction. D．It shows the potential for both gain and loss. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards his decision of going to the North Fork? A．Regretful. B．Unclear. C．Content. D．Doubtful. 4．Which of the following proverb will the author agree with? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Every path has its own scenery. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．You can’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过作者在打高尔夫与陪伴妻子旅行之间的选择困境，探讨了自我提升量化标准与人生体验不可量化价值之间的辩证关系‌。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开篇引用诗歌“Two roads diverged in a wood, and I — I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.(树林里分出两条路，我选择了人迹罕至的那条，于是一切都不一样了)”以及第一段“As Robert Frost reminded us, choices are often difficult and will bring both a gain and a loss. Should I spend my Sunday playing golf or taking a day trip to the North Fork with my wife?(正如罗伯特·弗罗斯特提醒我们的那样，选择往往是困难的，既会带来收获，也会带来损失。星期天我是该打高尔夫球呢，还是和妻子去北福克一日游？)”可推知，作者通过引用这首诗，引出了文章的主题，即选择的重要性以及选择对个人的影响。他在文章中探讨了两种选择（打高尔夫和去北福克旅行）对个人的不同影响，这与诗中选择带来的不同结果相呼应。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“In golf, every swing is counted and can easily be recalled and reviewed by the golfers as they lie in bed that evening, and therefore, self-improvement is pursued.(在高尔夫运动中，每一杆都有计数，晚上躺在床上时很容易回忆和回顾，因此追求自我提高)”以及第三段“In golf, whose goal is to complete the game with as few shots as possible, if I average 80 and I shoot a 76, I know that for that day at least I have improved upon my former self and thus feel satisfied.(在高尔夫运动中，目标是尽可能少地击球完成比赛，如果我平均打出80杆，而我打出76杆，我知道至少在那一天我比以前的自己进步了，因此感到满足)”可知，作者认为打高尔夫的结果是可量化的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I may not have made any hole-in-ones on the North Fork but I did enjoy those scones.(我可能在北福克没进过一杆进洞，但我确实很喜欢那些司康饼)”可知，作者虽然没有在打高尔夫时取得特别好的成绩，但享受了在 North Fork的时光。由此推知，作者对自己去 North Fork的决定是满意的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“As Robert Frost reminded us, choices are often difficult and will bring both a gain and a loss. Should I spend my Sunday playing golf or taking a day trip to the North Fork with my wife?(正如罗伯特·弗罗斯特提醒我们的那样，选择往往是困难的，既会带来收获，也会带来损失。星期天我是该打高尔夫球呢，还是和妻子去北福克一日游？)”及下文内容可知，作者以自己周末的选择为例，纠结于打高尔夫还是和妻子去北福克旅行，作者最终选择了旅行，虽然旅行的收获难以量化，比如与当地人交流、品尝司康饼，这些体验带来的内在变化可能更重要。由此推知，作者会同意B选项“每条路都有自己的风景”。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末） Almost everyone agrees that art is important, but they disagree on whether governments, using taxpayers’ public money, should be funding it. Also, if governments do spend money on art, what artworks should they buy and for what purpose? Most governments purchase well-known artworks for public galleries, such as the Metropolitan in New York, the National Gallery in London, the Louvre in Paris and the Uffizi in Florence, which are all free to the public. Most people do not object to public money being spent on keeping great artworks available to the public eye. However, there are some types the public are often not so happy about supporting. In the 1980s when most people seemed to have lost interest in art, the Turner Prize was started in order to regain public’s attention again. This is a contemporary art award supported by taxpayers. In 1999, the Turner Prize came under great public criticism when Tracey Emin was shortlisted for the prize for her work called “My Bed”. “My Bed” was her actual bed which she had lain in for days following a relationship breakup. To some, this was a breakthrough and some visitors even jumped into the bed and rolled around. To others, it was simply a dive into the depths of human depravity (堕落). But is the kind of “work” done by Emin “art”? And should the public pay for it, especially when it is so controversial (有争议的)? Western art is certainly at a crossroads. Does it keep exploring the dark side or does it seek an ideal beauty? Perhaps the answer depends on the public at large and the values they hold. Many people were pleased when Richard Wright won the Turner Prize in 2009 with his fresco (壁画). Its artistic beauty, poetic nature and use of historic tradition might shows that society is looking for something more positive and “rooted” in its history again. If public money is spent on art, it is essential that the public play a key role in debating both art, and what art they are willing to pay for. 1．Why are some galleries mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．They are well known worldwide. B．They appeal to the public. C．They offer free admission. D．They are publicly funded. 2．What do we know about “My bed”? A．It’s a controversial painting. B．It caused opposing reactions. C．It seeks ideal beauty and truth. D．It goes against contemporary art. 3．Which word can best describe the public’s attitude to Wright’s fresco? A．Appreciative. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Unhappy. 4．Who should have the final say on public investment in art according to the passage? A．Artists. B．The government. C．Taxpayers. D．Turner Prize winners. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论政府是否应该使用纳税人的钱来资助艺术，以及如果资助，应该购买什么样的艺术品以及购买的目的。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Most governments purchase well-known artworks for public galleries, such as the Metropolitan in New York, the National Gallery in London, the Louvre in Paris and the Uffizi in Florence, which are all free to the public.”（大多数政府为公共画廊购买知名艺术品，如纽约的大都会博物馆、伦敦的国家美术馆、巴黎的卢浮宫和佛罗伦萨的乌菲兹美术馆，这些都是免费向公众开放的。）可推知，段中提及这些画廊的目的是为了说明它们都是政府出资的公共画廊，向公众免费开放。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1999, the Turner Prize came under great public criticism when Tracey Emin was shortlisted for the prize for her work called “My Bed”.”（1999年，当特雷西·艾敏因作品《我的床》入围特纳奖时，特纳奖受到了公众的强烈批评。）可知，《我的床》这件作品引发了人们对特纳奖的反对。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Many people were pleased when Richard Wright won the Turner Prize in 2009 with his fresco (壁画). Its artistic beauty, poetic nature and use of historic tradition might shows that society is looking for something more positive and “rooted” in its history again.”（当理查德·赖特凭借他的壁画获得2009年特纳奖时，许多人都很高兴。它的艺术美、诗性和对历史传统的利用可能表明，社会正在重新寻找更积极、更“扎根”于历史的东西。）可知，人们对查德·赖特的壁画持欣赏的态度，故用形容词appreciative(欣赏的，赞赏的)。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If public money is spent on art, it is essential that the public play a key role in debating both art, and what art they are willing to pay for.”（如果公共资金被用于艺术，那么公众必须在辩论艺术和他们愿意为之付费的艺术方面发挥关键作用。）可知，公众，即纳税人，应该对公共投资艺术有最终发言权。故选C项。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末） Over the past few months, I’ve been invited to speak with well-known writers, musicians and film producers regarding my recent book, Extraterrestrial. Prior to these conversations, I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work, but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist. The reverse led me to recognize the similarities between innovation in the arts and the sciences. In sciences and arts alike, creativity appears magically as an unpredictable fountain of inspiration from the subconscious (潜意识). Its unexpected content breaks routines within traditional thinking. It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices, often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time. As a result, many innovators are laughed at and denied the recognition they deserve when they need it the most. There are many examples of such circumstances. In 1933 Fritz Zwicky inferred the existence of “dark matter”, but it took four decades for this concept to gain recognition within the astronomy community. Vincent van Gogh was considered a madman and a failure throughout his life. Today, his paintings are among the most expensive ever sold, though. Typically, life offers two ways of acquiring objects. One is by collecting available items, and the other is by creating things that never existed before. Whereas most items on the shelves of supermarkets are mass-produced, products that are newly created by artists or scientists are originally unique. Just like aging wine, a product of creative work acquires quality over time. It is colored by the response of the audience as well as by imitations. The initial circumstances are a reminder of an admirable baby. It is fascinating for a scientist or an artist to watch the interaction of their creation with the world, just as it is for parents to watch their children. Creativity in arts and sciences establishes a backdrop for human existence, as the content it invents gives pleasure and meaning to our lives. The human act of creation is an infinite-sum game, from which all of us benefit. And we can all participate in the creative process. 1．Which can best replace the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 1? A．Priority. B．Assumption. C．Shift. D．Preference. 2．What can best describe creativity in sciences and arts? A．It tends to be forecastable. B．It mirrors common beliefs. C．It usually leads the times. D．It enjoys instant acceptance. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Creative works withstand the test of time. B．Mass-produced items are preferable. C．Old wine can’t be put into new bottles. D．Inventiveness starts from childhood. 4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To clarify a concept. B．To launch an appeal. C．To offer an entertainment. D．To advocate a lifestyle. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了艺术和科学中的创新与创造性，指出这两者常常领先于时代，并能随时间积累价值，倡导大家参与创造性活动。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Prior to these conversations, I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work, but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist. (在这些对话之前，我是他们艺术作品的接受者(和欣赏者)，但现在他们对我作为科学家的研究感到好奇。)”可知，作者和这些艺术家之间的身份发生了转变，因此画线词指这种“转变”，与shift意思相近。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Its unexpected content breaks routines within traditional thinking. It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices, often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time. (它意想不到的内容打破了传统思维的常规。它提供了一些不同于常规做法的新东西，经常把人们带出他们的舒适区，因为它超前于时代。)”可知，科学和艺术的创新常常超前于时代，是引领时代的。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Just like aging wine, a product of creative work acquires quality over time. It is colored by the response of the audience as well as by imitations. (就像陈年的葡萄酒一样，创造性工作的产物会随着时间的推移而获得品质。观众的反应和模仿都为它增添了色彩。)”可知，创造性的作品能够随时间提升其价值。由此可知，它们能经受时间的考验。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Creativity in arts and sciences establishes a backdrop for human existence, as the content it invents gives pleasure and meaning to our lives. The human act of creation is an infinite-sum game, from which all of us benefit. And we can all participate in the creative process. (艺术和科学的创造力为人类的生存奠定了基础，因为它创造的内容给我们的生活带来了乐趣和意义。人类的创造行为是一个无限求和的游戏，我们所有人都从中受益。我们都可以参与到创造过程中来。)”可知，这一段旨在倡导一种生活方式，即鼓励大家参与到创造性工作中，享受创造带来的乐趣和意义。因此，其目的是发起一项呼吁。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林·期末） Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the nature of our humanity? To put it in a simple way, people consider two completely different views of humanity. The first view is about dominance (统治) and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ key nature is more aggressive (好斗的) than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are giving up their well-being as they offer kindness to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view focuses on the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical view, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capbility to forgive, but instead with the potential (潜能) to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual behavior in unfriendly situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer kindness to others. B．People who forgive can have their own well-being affected. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 display? A．To forgive is to love. B．To fight is to grow. C．To give is to receive. D．To dominate is to harm. 3．Which of the following might the writer NOT agree with? A．Forgiveness can help us stay calm and find inner peace. B．Improved relationship can be one of results from forgiveness. C．Forgiveness is vital to the biological and physical integrity of humans. D．The people accepting your forgiveness may likely make possible changes. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．It takes practice to forgive. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了宽恕是否与人性的本质相悖。一种观点认为人性倾向于攻击和支配，宽恕者可能因此受伤。另一种观点则强调人性中的合作、爱和尊重，认为宽恕对于个人和社区的健康和谐至关重要。文章还指出，宽恕能力可以通过学习和实践来培养。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are giving up their well-being as they offer kindness to others, who might then take advantage of them. (那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者放弃了自己的幸福，因为他们对别人友善，而别人可能会利用他们)”可知，Droll认为宽恕他人的人会影响到自己的幸福。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony? (甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用呢)”可知，奴隶制无益于促进社会和谐，由此可知，这个例子是为了表明控制意味着伤害。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，重建和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，那些被你拒之门外的人接受了你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系)”可知，作者认为宽恕可以帮助我们保持冷静，找到内心的平静，可以改善关系，而且接受宽恕的人可能会做出可能的改变。但作者认可的是宽恕对人类的生理和生理完整性很关键，而非至关重要。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical view, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capbility to forgive, but instead with the potential (潜能) to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual behavior in unfriendly situations, develops with practice. (值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的观点，即亚里士多德的观点出发时，我们看到了潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，即在不友好的情况下的实际行为，是随着实践而发展的)”可知，本段指出宽恕的潜在性和现实性之间存在区别，宽恕是需要练习的，其能力在实践中发展。故选D项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林·期末） A friend sent me an email, asking if I’d consider writing about educational apps for children to watch while on road trips. The email said, “Many are turning to road trips. And often with long car rides comes the use of on-screen entertainment. These educational apps should also develop their art, math and design skills.” While I realize the intention is well-meaning, and doubtless would lead to a quieter car ride for the parents, the thought of sticking kids in front of screens on a road trip makes me queasy. You see, if they’re glued to a screen for hours on end, they will miss everything that’s going by outside the window. And that means they’ll miss out a major part of the trip and the opportunity to engage in conversation with family members, but to be alone with their own thoughts, or simply to be bored. There is so much to see on a road trip! Cars, trees, faces, building, markets, airplanes landing — the entire world is out there, and staring at it from the backseat of a car familiarizes a child with what is going on. I have a theory that paying attention to one’s surroundings while traveling by car helps children develop an internal compass. If they don’t pay attention during all those years when they’re being driven, they’ll struggle to know where to go and how to locate themselves once they’re independent. This doesn’t mean they have to be alert (警惕的) for the entire journey, but not being on a screen naturally allows for a higher level of engagement with one’s surroundings. When you listen to music, you’ll look up occasionally; you’ll pay attention to landmarks. What can children do on the trip? Actually, there are plenty of off-screen activities. 1．What was the author’s friend’s intention to develop apps? A．To play games. B．To make some extra money. C．To entertain and educate children. D．To improve the relationship in the family. 2．Which can best replace the underlined word “queasy” in paragraph 2? A．uncomfortable. B．tired. C．unsafe. D．lonely. 3．What is the author’ s opinion on focusing on the surroundings when traveling? A．It can raise children’s environmental awareness. B．It can help children develop a sense of direction. C．It can give children the courage to learn to drive. D．It can enable children to become more independent. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Take the Chance of Traveling to Relax Yourself. B．Say Goodbye to Educational Apps on Your Holiday. C．Learn to Look up from Your Screens from Time to Time. D．Leave the Screens Alone on Your Next Family Road Trip. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的朋友想要开发一些给孩子提供娱乐和教育的应用程序，但作者认为这是很不好的想法。作者认为事实上，在家庭公路旅行中有很多屏幕外的活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中朋友邮件的内容“Many are turning to road trips. And often with long car rides comes the use of on-screen entertainment. These educational apps should also develop their art, math and design skills.”（许多人开始自驾游。而且经常伴随着长时间的汽车旅行而来的是屏幕娱乐的使用。这些教育应用还应该培养他们的艺术、数学和设计技能。）可知，作者的朋友开发应用程序的目的是给孩子提供娱乐和教育。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句“the thought of sticking kids in front of screens on a road trip makes me queasy.”（在公路旅行中让孩子们坐在屏幕前的想法让我queasy。）可知，queasy是作者对“公路旅行中让孩子们坐在屏幕前”这一行为的感受，结合下文“You see, if they’re glued to a screen for hours on end, they will miss everything that’s going by outside the window. And that means they’ll miss out a major part of the trip and the opportunity to engage in conversation with family members, but to be alone with their own thoughts, or simply to be bored.”（你看，如果他们连续几个小时盯着屏幕，他们就会错过窗外发生的一切。这意味着他们将错过旅行的主要部分和与家人交谈的机会，而是独自思考自己的想法，或者只是感到无聊。）可知，“公路旅行中让孩子们坐在屏幕前”是一种不好的做法，所以一想到这种做法作者会感到“不舒服”；queasy与uncomfortable同义。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I have a theory that paying attention to one’s surroundings while traveling by car helps children develop an internal compass. If they don’t pay attention during all those years when they’re being driven, they’ll struggle to know where to go and how to locate themselves once they’re independent.”（我有一个理论，在开车旅行时注意周围的环境有助于孩子形成一个内在的指南针。如果他们在坐车的这些年里没有注意周围的环境，一旦他们独立了，他们就会很难知道要去哪里，如何给自己定位。）可知，作者认为旅游时关注周围环境可以帮助孩子培养方向感。 故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“There is so much to see on a road trip! Cars, trees, faces, building, markets, airplanes landing — the entire world is out there, and staring at it from the backseat of a car familiarizes a child with what is going on.”（自驾游有很多值得看的东西!汽车、树木、面孔、建筑、市场、飞机降落——整个世界都在那里，坐在汽车后座上盯着它，让孩子熟悉正在发生的事情。）和最后一段“What can children do on the trip? Actually, there are plenty of off-screen activities.”（孩子们在旅行中可以做什么? 事实上，有很多屏幕外的活动）可知，作者否定了朋友想要开发一些在旅途中给孩子们提供娱乐和教育的应用程序的想法，认为在旅行中有很多屏幕外的更有意义的活动。所以“Leave the Screens Alone on Your Next Family Road Trip.”（下次家庭自驾游时，不要碰屏幕。）是文章最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·黑龙江大兴安岭·期末） Co-authored by researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Texas A&M, the paper looked at nearly50 years of data testing whether facial expressions can lead people to feel the emotions related to those expressions. “Traditional wisdom tells us that we can feel a little happier if we simply smile, or that we can get ourselves in a more serious mood if we glare, and frowning makes us feel sadder.” said Nicholas Coles, UT Ph.D．student in social psychology and leads researcher on the paper. “But psychologists have actually disagreed about this idea for over 100 years.” These disagreements became more pronounced in 2016, which are more evident especially when 17 teams of researchers failed to replicate(复制) a well-known experiment demonstrating that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier. “Some studies have not found evidence that facial expressions can influence emotional feelings,” Coles said. “But we can’t focus on the results of any one study. Psychologists have been testing this idea since the early 1970s so we wanted to look at all the evidence.” Using a statistical technique called meta-analysis, Coles and his team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants from all around the world. According to the results of the meta-analysis, facial expressions have a small impact on feelings. “We don’t think that people can smile their way to happiness,” Coles said. “But these findings are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and the body interact to shape our conscious experience of emotion.” “We still have a lot to learn about these facial feedback effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.” Coles added. 1．Which of the following best explains “pronounced” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Obvious. B．Professional. C．Extreme. D．Heated. 2．What do words in paragraph 5 and 6 suggest? A．All the evidence has already been found by researchers. B．We need to use a statistical technique called meta-analysis. C．Facial expressions have a huge influence on feelings. D．Research should be comprehensive and in-depth. 3．Why do the results arouse excitement in researchers? A．They encourage people to keep a positive attitude. B．They show people can smile their way to happiness. C．They offer a slight indication to help with the research. D．They support the general conventional accepted belief. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Coles’ research about facial feedback effects will still continue. B．Studies exactly proved facial expressions influence our feelings. C．The interaction of the body and the mind leads to real happiness. D．The meta-analysis lets us fully understand how emotions work. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文研究讨论了表情与调节心情之间的关系。 1．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“which are more evident especially when 17 teams of researchers failed to replicate a well-known experiment demonstrating that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier. (尤其是当17个研究团队未能复制一个著名的实验时更加明显了，该实验证明微笑的身体行为可以让人们感到更快乐。)”可知，该句为一个非限制性定语从句，which指代前文的These disagreements，从句中作表语的形容词为evident表示“明显的”，划线单词同样也是作表语，故两个词应为同义词或近义词。A项obvious表示“明显的”，属同义词。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But we can’t focus on the results of any one study.(但我们不能只关注任何一项研究的结果。)”和第六段“Using a statistical technique called meta-analysis, Coles and his team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants from all around the world.(科尔斯和他的团队使用一种名为元分析的统计技术，综合了138项研究的数据，这些研究对来自世界各地的1.1万多名参与者进行了测试。)”可知，不能只关注一项研究结果，而应该综合考虑和深入了解多个研究数据。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But these findings are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and the body interact to shape our conscious experience of emotion.(但这些发现令人兴奋，因为它们提供了一个线索，说明大脑和身体是如何相互作用来塑造我们对情感的有意识体验的。)”可知这些发现为研究提供了一个线索。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据““We still have a lot to learn about these facial feedback effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.” Coles added.(“关于这些面部反馈效应，我们还有很多需要了解的地方，但这项荟萃分析让我们更接近于理解情绪是如何工作的。”科尔斯补充道。)”可知，还有很多有待探索和研究，由此推测Coles的研究可能会继续。故选A项。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（议论文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1：1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 2：1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1：1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C Passage 2：1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1：1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 2：1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C Passage 3：1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1：1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D Passage 2：1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D Passage 3：1．A 2．D 3．C 4． / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解 议论文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·黑龙江鸡西·期末） For most people, AI is still seen as just chatbots like ChatGPT—a helpful, if imperfect, tool for answering questions. But that view may undersell the scale（规模）of change that AI is about to bring. Adam Dorr, a researcher at the think tank RethinkX, warns that AI will reshape industries faster than we expect. He explains, “What we’re seeing with AI today follows the same historical pattern（模式）we’ve seen with every major technological change. It doesn’t take 50 or 100 years for industries to change. It takes 15 to 20years, sometimes even less. AI is already changing how work is done. It is not only used for boring, routine tasks; it is growing rapidly and may soon take over entire jobs.” One major change is the marriage of advanced AI with robotics. For example, self-driving cars are already seen in a handful of American cities. Dorr believes that these cars will take over the country’s roads within the next two years. “And once AI is in vehicles, it won’t stop there. It will quickly move into other robotic forms, including robots that look and act like people,” Dorr says. Most jobs aren’t single activities; they are a collection of tasks, Dorr argues, and AI will gradually chip away at them. At first, AI will help workers, improving efficiency（效率）and productivity. But as it improves, it will eliminate the need for humans and perform those tasks by itself, slowly replacing human work. A recent interview found that 37 percent of companies using AI have already replaced human workers, with 44 percent planning layoffs in 2025, and that about two-thirds of people expect significant job losses in the next ten years because of AI. However, some experts say that AI will not replace people but will work with them. Dr. Cain Elliott, Chief Legal Futurist at Filevine, has high hopes for AI—particularly in the legal industry, where AI has begun reshaping workflows. “AI is used as a tool to support lawyers, while humans still make the final decisions,” Elliott says. 1．How will AI affect us according to Dorr? A．It is set to create countless well-paid jobs. B．It will lead to a sharp rise in traffic accidents. C．It is coming for our jobs sooner than expected. D．It will reshape our understanding of human history. 2．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Remove. B．Support. C．Remind. D．Follow. 3．Which is the percentage of the interviewees expecting AI-driven job losses in the next ten years? A．37%. B．44%. C．About 67%. D．About 80%. 4．What is Elliott’s attitude towards the role of AI? A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Concerned. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末） For those of us who grew up watching Star Trek, exploring space has been about discovering strange new worlds. And there are plenty of worlds to explore in time, but we still need major technological advancements to reach planets that are light years away. What we are doing in space today is providing unbelievable benefits right now, right here on Earth. From space, we can monitor, manage and care for our planet. Satellite-based sensors show us the short- and long-term effects of human activity on our environment. Many companies are using their interest in space to help solve problems here, from using hyperspectral imaging(高光谱成像), which enable us to map vegetation(植被) and rain forests, to microsatellites that provide global connectivity for the network of things. My company, OneWeb, is focusing on what I believe is one of the world’s most important issues: the need for equal access to the Internet. The Internet has become our economic lifeblood. And yet, nearly half of the world’s population doesn’t have Internet access. Space is playing a key role in bridging this digital divide. OneWeb is launching 1,980 satellites to help bring Internet access to people everywhere, and our first production satellites are already flying in space and have shown very high download speeds. Fiber and cable Internet access technologies already cover most financially viable(可行的) major cities. Similarly, these regions will also be the first to be served with 5G. Poor communities are the last to get connected, and without connectivity, those communities have no chance to lift themselves from poverty. OneWeb’s satellites will reach every community in the world and enable equal access to the Internet for the world’s less developed places. Fifty years from the day when man first walked on the moon, we are still only approaching the possible. There will be tens of thousands of new satellites, space stations and factories in the coming years to bring advancements in communications, scientific research, monitoring the earth, exploring space and more. This is exciting, but we must take action carefully. 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．Benefits space exploration can bring to us. B．Problems space exploration leads to. C．Steps of space exploration requires. D．Equipment space exploration needs. 2．What is OneWeb aiming to do? A．Increase download speeds. B．Narrow the gap in Internet learning. C．Help people set up and maintain a website. D．Enable people to make use of the Internet equally. 3．What can be inferred from the text? A．More than six decades ago, man first walked on the moon. B．More than half of the world’s people have no access to the Internet. C．OneWeb’s satellites will make it possible for most people to be served with 5G. D．Without the Internet, poor communities can hardly help themselves out of poverty. 4．What will the writer probably continue to write about in the following paragraph? A．The risks of furthering space exploration. B．The value of setting up space stations. C．The way we could monitor our earth. D．The features of microsatellites. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） For as long as I can remember, my body and I have shared a relationship of discontent. Growing up, I was skinnier than the other kids and at five I was told I wasn’t attractive. A ‌“friendly” neighborhood aunt advised that if I wanted to find a good husband in the future — I must put on some weight. After all, no one wants a bag of bones. As the years rolled by, mean comments about my skeletal frame continued to pour in. But no matter how much I ate, I stayed thin for years until adolescence. Then I started putting on weight almost immediately. I remember feeling happy as I began to fill out. However, my joy didn’t last long. I was thirteen when I was first called fat. Friends and neighbours would make jokes on my big size. As I entered my late teens, I had completely lost confidence in my body and, subsequently, in myself. Having failed to live up to conventional beauty standards, I was convinced that if I wanted to be loved, I needed to offer more, doing anything to please everyone around. I entered adulthood thinking I wasn’t ‌“enough” — an idea that was seeded not only by the fact that ‌“skinny” is celebrated, but also by the language associated with accounts of losing weight — self-improvement, discipline — all virtues. Being fat quickly categorizes you as lazy and undisciplined. Consumed by thoughts of the way my body looked, I didn’t notice the other ways my body needed attention. Actually, I developed a rare disease and later I had two surgeries. I was always made to feel that my weight was the root of a lot of problems in my life; I have learnt this is not true. After a lot of self-reflection and some professional help, I realized I never learnt to like myself. While two decades of self-hatred cannot be undone overnight, I have taken first steps to acceptance. I am now much lighter than before, in body and mind. There are days I find voices on social media saying I am too fat to be loved or to be worthy, but I am learning not to focus on that thought for long. As long as I like myself, just the way I am, opinions at the end of the day are just water off a duck’s back. 1．What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs? A．She suffered verbal abuse from people around her. B．She became a people-pleaser to restore confidence. C．She always had low self-esteem caused by obesity. D．She was overwhelmed by contradictory beauty standards. 2．Why did the author think she wasn’t ‌“enough”? A．She lacked self-discipline. B．She failed to celebrate ‌“skinny”. C．She didn’t give enough attention to health. D．She was labelled negatively for her weight. 3．What impact did seeking professional help have on the author? A．It reduced her weight. B．It led to a new mindset. C．It ended her self-hatred. D．It caused more confusion. 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Beauty Matters B．Growing Pain C．Worth Your Weight D．Battle Societal Values Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期末） Pindar Van Arman is a painter, but he’s also a software designer. He has built some machines and worked on a DARPA challenge team in California to build a self-driving car. His latest project? A robot painter, BitPaintr. BitPaintr is Van Arman’s fifth robot in 10 years. Earlier versions included devices that produced simpler paintings with algorithms (算法). But the idea for BitPaintr is simple: A user just uploads a picture, and it can paint totally on its own and develop its own style. Although his friends joke that he has invented a really expensive, slow, bad painter, Van Arman says teaching a machine how to be creative has helped him get to the bottom of what creativity is — and appreciate it. “When you’re trying to teach a machine to do something that’s easy for humans, it really makes you sit back and see what humans are doing,” he says. So what is creativity, then, if a robot with a paintbrush can be — or appear to be — just as creative as a human with a paintbrush? Mark Riedl, a professor at the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing, says it depends on how you define creativity. “There is creativity and Creativity,” Riedl says. “Being ‘creative’ usually has something to do with the little things that we do hundreds of times in our daily lives. They could be creative, but usually aren’t. To be ‘Creative’ is to have an imagination that will have a huge impact on a social level — the Picassos and the Mozarts of the world; the people who have produced something that’s taken on this additional level of meaning.” Riedl admits what robots create is far from human-level quality art, but he sees robots entering the creative process as a positive thing. “We want the computers to keep up with us,” he says. “And thanks to researchers like Van Arman, it seems like they will, although they will not replace us, but to help us to be more creative.” 1．Which is a new quality of BitPaintr? A．Simplicity. B．Creativity. C．Speed. D．Profitability. 2．What is Van Arman’s friends’ attitude to BitPaintr? A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Hopeful. 3．What does Mark Riedl suggest about computers? A．They will defeat the greatest artists soon. B．They can produce “Creative” things by themselves. C．They will learn more from the Picassos and the Mozarts. D．They can help us to do daily things in more “creative” ways. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Can BitPaintr-like Robots Replace Artists in the Future? B．Why Do People Have Sharply Different Views on AI Robots? C．What Is the Difference Between the Two Kinds of Creativity? D．Can BitPaintr Be Considered a “Creative” Painting Software? 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） “Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. ” As Robert Frost reminded us, choices are often difficult and will bring both a gain and a loss. Should I spend my Sunday playing golf or taking a day trip to the North Fork with my wife? If you are a golfer as I am, you will say “Certainly, go playing golf. ” Golf is perhaps the greatest challenge to self-improvement. In golf, every swing is counted and can easily be recalled and reviewed by the golfers as they lie in bed that evening, and therefore, self-improvement is pursued. Now let us return to the question at hand. You will not be surprised to hear that I did in fact go to the North Fork. But, how has that improved me? Can this be quantified (量化)? In golf, whose goal is to complete the game with as few shots as possible, if I average 80 and I shoot a 76, I know that for that day at least I have improved upon my former self and thus feel satisfied. You may argue that travel is not about self-improvement at all but just about having grand experiences. I beg to differ. It does matter how these things change and improve me. Seeing the folks dancing in the streets should change you. And talking to the manager of the biscuit shop, ought to change you. I think travel does change us, but it’s very hard to say just how. How does one quantify buying a peach at a farm? Or how do you quantify the tasty taste of the scones (司康饼) at a stand? Reviewers have had a hard time analyzing the meaning of Robert Frost’s poem. To be honest, I would say all of us have a hard time analyzing our wish to travel to faraway places. I am not sure what the answer is to this tricky question. I may not have made any hole-in-ones on the North Fork but I did enjoy those scones. 1．Why does the author quote the poem? A．To express the meaning of life. B．To explain the challenges the poet met. C．To show the impact of choices. D．To introduce the general views to choices. 2．What does the author think of playing golf? A．Its result is measurable. B．It is the most challenging sports. C．It leads to self-satisfaction. D．It shows the potential for both gain and loss. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards his decision of going to the North Fork? A．Regretful. B．Unclear. C．Content. D．Doubtful. 4．Which of the following proverb will the author agree with? A．Rome wasn’t built in a day. B．Every path has its own scenery. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．You can’t judge a book by its cover. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末） Almost everyone agrees that art is important, but they disagree on whether governments, using taxpayers’ public money, should be funding it. Also, if governments do spend money on art, what artworks should they buy and for what purpose? Most governments purchase well-known artworks for public galleries, such as the Metropolitan in New York, the National Gallery in London, the Louvre in Paris and the Uffizi in Florence, which are all free to the public. Most people do not object to public money being spent on keeping great artworks available to the public eye. However, there are some types the public are often not so happy about supporting. In the 1980s when most people seemed to have lost interest in art, the Turner Prize was started in order to regain public’s attention again. This is a contemporary art award supported by taxpayers. In 1999, the Turner Prize came under great public criticism when Tracey Emin was shortlisted for the prize for her work called “My Bed”. “My Bed” was her actual bed which she had lain in for days following a relationship breakup. To some, this was a breakthrough and some visitors even jumped into the bed and rolled around. To others, it was simply a dive into the depths of human depravity (堕落). But is the kind of “work” done by Emin “art”? And should the public pay for it, especially when it is so controversial (有争议的)? Western art is certainly at a crossroads. Does it keep exploring the dark side or does it seek an ideal beauty? Perhaps the answer depends on the public at large and the values they hold. Many people were pleased when Richard Wright won the Turner Prize in 2009 with his fresco (壁画). Its artistic beauty, poetic nature and use of historic tradition might shows that society is looking for something more positive and “rooted” in its history again. If public money is spent on art, it is essential that the public play a key role in debating both art, and what art they are willing to pay for. 1．Why are some galleries mentioned in Paragraph 2? A．They are well known worldwide. B．They appeal to the public. C．They offer free admission. D．They are publicly funded. 2．What do we know about “My bed”? A．It’s a controversial painting. B．It caused opposing reactions. C．It seeks ideal beauty and truth. D．It goes against contemporary art. 3．Which word can best describe the public’s attitude to Wright’s fresco? A．Appreciative. B．Opposed. C．Doubtful. D．Unhappy. 4．Who should have the final say on public investment in art according to the passage? A．Artists. B．The government. C．Taxpayers. D．Turner Prize winners. Passage 3 （23-24高一下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末） Over the past few months, I’ve been invited to speak with well-known writers, musicians and film producers regarding my recent book, Extraterrestrial. Prior to these conversations, I was on the receiving (and admiring) end of their artistic work, but now they were curious about my own research as a scientist. The reverse led me to recognize the similarities between innovation in the arts and the sciences. In sciences and arts alike, creativity appears magically as an unpredictable fountain of inspiration from the subconscious (潜意识). Its unexpected content breaks routines within traditional thinking. It delivers something new that is distinct from common practices, often taking people out of their comfort zone because it is ahead of its time. As a result, many innovators are laughed at and denied the recognition they deserve when they need it the most. There are many examples of such circumstances. In 1933 Fritz Zwicky inferred the existence of “dark matter”, but it took four decades for this concept to gain recognition within the astronomy community. Vincent van Gogh was considered a madman and a failure throughout his life. Today, his paintings are among the most expensive ever sold, though. Typically, life offers two ways of acquiring objects. One is by collecting available items, and the other is by creating things that never existed before. Whereas most items on the shelves of supermarkets are mass-produced, products that are newly created by artists or scientists are originally unique. Just like aging wine, a product of creative work acquires quality over time. It is colored by the response of the audience as well as by imitations. The initial circumstances are a reminder of an admirable baby. It is fascinating for a scientist or an artist to watch the interaction of their creation with the world, just as it is for parents to watch their children. Creativity in arts and sciences establishes a backdrop for human existence, as the content it invents gives pleasure and meaning to our lives. The human act of creation is an infinite-sum game, from which all of us benefit. And we can all participate in the creative process. 1．Which can best replace the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 1? A．Priority. B．Assumption. C．Shift. D．Preference. 2．What can best describe creativity in sciences and arts? A．It tends to be forecastable. B．It mirrors common beliefs. C．It usually leads the times. D．It enjoys instant acceptance. 3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Creative works withstand the test of time. B．Mass-produced items are preferable. C．Old wine can’t be put into new bottles. D．Inventiveness starts from childhood. 4．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To clarify a concept. B．To launch an appeal. C．To offer an entertainment. D．To advocate a lifestyle. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林·期末） Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the nature of our humanity? To put it in a simple way, people consider two completely different views of humanity. The first view is about dominance (统治) and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ key nature is more aggressive (好斗的) than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are giving up their well-being as they offer kindness to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view focuses on the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery (奴隶制) worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the rebuilding of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are keeping away accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical view, that of Aristotle, we see the difference between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capbility to forgive, but instead with the potential (潜能) to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual behavior in unfriendly situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer kindness to others. B．People who forgive can have their own well-being affected. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 display? A．To forgive is to love. B．To fight is to grow. C．To give is to receive. D．To dominate is to harm. 3．Which of the following might the writer NOT agree with? A．Forgiveness can help us stay calm and find inner peace. B．Improved relationship can be one of results from forgiveness. C．Forgiveness is vital to the biological and physical integrity of humans. D．The people accepting your forgiveness may likely make possible changes. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．It takes practice to forgive. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林·期末） A friend sent me an email, asking if I’d consider writing about educational apps for children to watch while on road trips. The email said, “Many are turning to road trips. And often with long car rides comes the use of on-screen entertainment. These educational apps should also develop their art, math and design skills.” While I realize the intention is well-meaning, and doubtless would lead to a quieter car ride for the parents, the thought of sticking kids in front of screens on a road trip makes me queasy. You see, if they’re glued to a screen for hours on end, they will miss everything that’s going by outside the window. And that means they’ll miss out a major part of the trip and the opportunity to engage in conversation with family members, but to be alone with their own thoughts, or simply to be bored. There is so much to see on a road trip! Cars, trees, faces, building, markets, airplanes landing — the entire world is out there, and staring at it from the backseat of a car familiarizes a child with what is going on. I have a theory that paying attention to one’s surroundings while traveling by car helps children develop an internal compass. If they don’t pay attention during all those years when they’re being driven, they’ll struggle to know where to go and how to locate themselves once they’re independent. This doesn’t mean they have to be alert (警惕的) for the entire journey, but not being on a screen naturally allows for a higher level of engagement with one’s surroundings. When you listen to music, you’ll look up occasionally; you’ll pay attention to landmarks. What can children do on the trip? Actually, there are plenty of off-screen activities. 1．What was the author’s friend’s intention to develop apps? A．To play games. B．To make some extra money. C．To entertain and educate children. D．To improve the relationship in the family. 2．Which can best replace the underlined word “queasy” in paragraph 2? A．uncomfortable. B．tired. C．unsafe. D．lonely. 3．What is the author’ s opinion on focusing on the surroundings when traveling? A．It can raise children’s environmental awareness. B．It can help children develop a sense of direction. C．It can give children the courage to learn to drive. D．It can enable children to become more independent. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Take the Chance of Traveling to Relax Yourself. B．Say Goodbye to Educational Apps on Your Holiday. C．Learn to Look up from Your Screens from Time to Time. D．Leave the Screens Alone on Your Next Family Road Trip. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·黑龙江大兴安岭·期末） Co-authored by researchers at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Texas A&M, the paper looked at nearly50 years of data testing whether facial expressions can lead people to feel the emotions related to those expressions. “Traditional wisdom tells us that we can feel a little happier if we simply smile, or that we can get ourselves in a more serious mood if we glare, and frowning makes us feel sadder.” said Nicholas Coles, UT Ph.D．student in social psychology and leads researcher on the paper. “But psychologists have actually disagreed about this idea for over 100 years.” These disagreements became more pronounced in 2016, which are more evident especially when 17 teams of researchers failed to replicate(复制) a well-known experiment demonstrating that the physical act of smiling can make people feel happier. “Some studies have not found evidence that facial expressions can influence emotional feelings,” Coles said. “But we can’t focus on the results of any one study. Psychologists have been testing this idea since the early 1970s so we wanted to look at all the evidence.” Using a statistical technique called meta-analysis, Coles and his team combined data from 138 studies testing more than 11,000 participants from all around the world. According to the results of the meta-analysis, facial expressions have a small impact on feelings. “We don’t think that people can smile their way to happiness,” Coles said. “But these findings are exciting because they provide a clue about how the mind and the body interact to shape our conscious experience of emotion.” “We still have a lot to learn about these facial feedback effects, but this meta-analysis put us a little closer to understanding how emotions work.” Coles added. 1．Which of the following best explains “pronounced” underlined in paragraph 3? A．Obvious. B．Professional. C．Extreme. D．Heated. 2．What do words in paragraph 5 and 6 suggest? A．All the evidence has already been found by researchers. B．We need to use a statistical technique called meta-analysis. C．Facial expressions have a huge influence on feelings. D．Research should be comprehensive and in-depth. 3．Why do the results arouse excitement in researchers? A．They encourage people to keep a positive attitude. B．They show people can smile their way to happiness. C．They offer a slight indication to help with the research. D．They support the general conventional accepted belief. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Coles’ research about facial feedback effects will still continue. B．Studies exactly proved facial expressions influence our feelings. C．The interaction of the body and the mind leads to real happiness. D．The meta-analysis lets us fully understand how emotions work. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $