专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（期末真题汇编，黑吉辽蒙专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦高一下期末英语阅读理解，涵盖人与社会（如气候变化、大运河）、人与自我（如梦境记忆、季节与道德）、人与自然（如AI回收、无传感器机器人）三大主题，精选吉林、辽宁等多地区期末真题，素材兼具科技前沿与文化传承。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|每篇4题|细节理解（如Europa Clipper任务目标）、词义猜测（如“subsurface”）、主旨大意（如AI重塑废物管理）、态度推断（如对科研的积极态度）|科技类文本（如无传感器机器人）考查逻辑分析，文化类文本（如大运河）注重跨文化理解，社会热点（如野火重叠）关联现实问题|

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延吉·期末） 2024 marks an exciting year for space exploration, with NASA’s Europa Clipper mission leading the way. This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system. Europa, covered in a thick layer of ice, is believed to hide a vast subsurface ocean (a liquid water layer beneath its icy surface) larger than Earth’s oceans combined. Scientists think this ocean could have the right conditions for life: water, energy (from tidal forces), and maybe even organic molecules (the building blocks of life). The Europa Clipper carries advanced tools to study Europa’s ice and ocean. One key instrument is a radar that can “see” through the ice, mapping the thickness of the frozen layer and detecting cracks where water might erupt onto the surface. Another tool will analyze gases and particles released during these “cryovolcanic” eruptions (eruptions of water, not lava) to check for organic compounds. Early data from the mission already suggests that Europa’s ice may have “chaos regions” — areas where the ice is cracked and mixed with liquid water — making it easier for organic materials to rise to the surface. While no direct evidence of life has been found yet, the Europa Clipper is laying the groundwork for future missions. If organic molecules are confirmed, it could mean Europa’s ocean is a habitable world — even if we don’t find actual life there, it would be a major step toward answering the question: “Are we alone in the universe?” 1．What is the main goal of NASA’s Europa Clipper mission? A．To land humans on Jupiter. B．To collect samples of Jupiter’s atmosphere. C．To study Europa’s icy surface and search for signs of habitability. D．To map the orbits of all Jupiter’s moons. 2．What does the underlined word “subsurface” in para.2 probably mean? A．Above ground. B．Under the ice. C．In the atmosphere. D．Between planets. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of Jupiter exploration. B．New discoveries about Europa’s surface from the Europa Clipper. C．How to build a spacecraft for deep space missions. D．Why Mars is no longer a focus of space research. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Europa Clipper mission? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了NASA的欧罗巴快船任务及其对木卫二（欧罗巴）的探索意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system.(这艘于2024年10月发射的航天器将彻底改变我们对木星卫星欧罗巴的理解——欧罗巴是太阳系中最有希望寻找外星生命的地方之一)”以及第二段中“Scientists think this ocean could have the right conditions for life: water, energy (from tidal forces), and maybe even organic molecules (the building blocks of life).(科学家认为这个海洋可能具备适合生命存在的条件：水、能量（来自潮汐力），甚至可能还有有机分子（生命的构建模块）)”可知，欧罗巴快船任务的主要目标是研究欧罗巴的冰层表面并寻找适合生命存在的迹象。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Europa, covered in a thick layer of ice, is believed to hide a vast subsurface ocean (a liquid water layer beneath its icy surface) larger than Earth’s oceans combined.(欧罗巴被一层厚厚的冰覆盖着，据信其下方隐藏着一个巨大的subsurface海洋（冰层下的液态水层），比地球上的所有海洋加起来还要大)”可知，欧罗巴被厚厚的冰层覆盖，其下方隐藏着一个巨大的海洋，因此“subsurface”在此处意为“冰层下的”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system.(这艘于2024年10月发射的航天器将彻底改变我们对木星卫星欧罗巴的理解——欧罗巴是太阳系中最有希望寻找外星生命的地方之一)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了欧罗巴快船任务及其对欧罗巴表面的新发现。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While no direct evidence of life has been found yet, the Europa Clipper is laying the groundwork for future missions. If organic molecules are confirmed, it could mean Europa’s ocean is a habitable world — even if we don’t find actual life there, it would be a major step toward answering the question: “Are we alone in the universe?”(虽然目前还没有发现生命存在的直接证据，但欧罗巴快船正在为未来的任务奠定基础。如果有机分子得到确认，这意味着欧罗巴的海洋是一个宜居的世界——即使我们在那里没有发现实际的生命，这也将是回答‘宇宙中只有我们吗？’这个问题的重要一步)”可知，作者对欧罗巴快船任务持积极态度。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末） The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence. Local climate can also be affected by other human factors and natural variability. Carbon dioxide has been building up in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial era in the mid-1700s, primarily due to burning coal, oil, and gas, and secondarily due to clearing of forests. Atmospheric levels have increased by about 40% relative to pre-industrial levels. Methane levels in the atmosphere have increased due to human activities including agriculture, mining coal, extraction (抽取) and transport of natural gas, and other fossil fuel-related activities. Since pre-industrial times, methane levels have increased by 250%. The conclusion that human influences are the primary driver of recent climate change is based on multiple lines of independent evidence. The first line of evidence is our fundamental understanding of how certain gases trap heat, how the climate system responds to increases in these gases, and how other human and natural factors influence climate. The second line of evidence is from reconstructions of past climates using evidence such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals. These show that global surface temperatures over the last several decades are clearly unusual, with the last decade warmer than any time in at least the last 1,300 years and perhaps much longer. The third line of evidence comes from using climate models to simulate (模拟) the climate of the past century, separating the human and natural factors that influence climate. When the human factors are removed, these models show that solar and volcanic activities would have tended to slightly cool the earth, and other natural variations are too small to explain the amount of warming. Only when the human influences are included do the models reproduce the warming observed over the past 50 years. 1．What do carbon dioxide and methane have in common according to this text? A．They smell bad. B．They can trap heat. C．They belong to fuels. D．They are from the same source. 2．How does the author illustrate the evidence of human influences on climate change? A．By listing. B．By showing data. C．By comparing. D．By giving examples. 3．What can be inferred about climate change from the last paragraph? A．Natural factors have a greater impact on climate change. B．Solar and volcanic activities tend to make the earth warm. C．Human influences have played an important part in it. D．The climate models can work well with human factors removed. 4．What does this text mainly talk about? A．The restoration of a cool climate. B．Human impact on climate and its evidence. C．The climate in the pre-industrial times. D．Measures to control carbon emissions. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活动是影响气候变暖的主要因素以及这一理论的依据。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence.(人类影响气候的排放包括二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮等吸热气体，以及黑碳等具有变暖影响的颗粒。)”可知，这两种气体都是温室气体, 都能吸收热量。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The first line of evidence is our fundamental understanding of how certain gases trap heat, how the climate system responds to increases in these gases, and how other human and natural factors influence climate.(第一个证据是我们对某些气体如何捕获热量，气候系统如何对这些气体的增加作出反应，以及其他人为和自然因素如何影响气候的基本理解。)”、第五段中“The second line of evidence is from reconstructions of past climates using evidence such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals.(第二种证据是利用树木年轮、冰芯和珊瑚等证据重建过去的气候。)”至第六段中“The third line of evidence comes from using climate models to simulate (模拟) the climate of the past century, separating the human and natural factors that influence climate. (第三条证据来自使用气候模型来模拟过去一个世纪的气候，将影响气候的人为因素和自然因素分开。)”可知，文章通过列举法来证明了人类影响气候变化这个结论的。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Only when the human influences are included do the models reproduce the warming observed over the past 50 years.(只有将人类的影响考虑在内，这些模式才能重现过去50年观测到的变暖。)”可知，在过去的50年当中由于人类的原因，气候急剧变暖。由此推知，人类影响在气候变化中起到重要的作用。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence. Local climate can also be affected by other human factors and natural variability.(人类影响气候的排放包括二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮等吸热气体，以及黑碳等具有变暖影响的颗粒。当地气候也会受到其他人为因素和自然变率的影响。)”及全文可知，文章主要论述了人类活动是影响气候变暖的主要因素以及这一理论的依据。而人类活动主要是工业化以来，人类对化石燃料的使用产生了大量的排放。故选B。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today. Yosemite attracts climbers and BASE jumpers, but there are plenty of fun activities on the ground. Sentinel Dome, a short yet steep climb, offers a breath taking 2,500-meter-high view. At the peak, you’ll be greeted by a 360-degree view of Yosemite’s famous spots. Half Dome’s sheer rock face stands grandly, while El Capitan, a hotspot for rock climbers, towers in the distance. Yosemite Falls rushes down the cliffs, creating a misty rainbow on sunny days. For an extended adventure, head to Taft Point. The cliffside views here are breathtaking, but remember to stay on marked paths for safety. Before setting out, it’s quite necessary to check the National Park Service’s official website for trail (线路) conditions, as weather can quickly change the landscape. Biking is an enjoyable way to explore the park. With about 20km of paved trails along the Merced River under sugar pines and a flat valley floor, it’s easy to ride. Just be prepared to stop often to photograph the beautiful waterfalls. As you bicycle, the sound of rushing water and the smell of pine trees will accompany you. For those who want a more absorbing experience, consider renting an e-bike to cover more ground with less effort. Since Yosemite’s water flows into San Francisco Bay, kayaking is a perfect addition to your trip. City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront or guided half-day tours to landmarks like Alcatraz or the Golden Gate Bridge. Sail through the bay’s calm waters, spotting seals and seabirds along the way. 1．Why are John Muir’s words quoted? A．To stress Yosemite’s long-standing appeal. B．To prove his status as a famous naturalist. C．To show the origin of the National Park Service. D．To introduce his exploration of California. 2．What should visitors do before climbing Sentinel Dome? A．Rent climbing equipment. B．Take a local guide. C．Check trail conditions. D．Wear warm clothes. 3．What is “kayaking”, mentioned in the last paragraph? A．A tourist attraction. B．A water sport. C．A rental service. D．A guided tour. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Yosemite: Journey with Trails, Waterfalls, and Beyond B．Yosemite National Park: Discovering Hidden Beauties C．Yosemite: Where Nature’s Call Invites Adventure D．Yosemite National Park: Harmony of Scenery and Thrills 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了优胜美地国家公园的吸引力、园内的活动项目如登山、骑行、皮划艇等，强调其能带来冒险体验。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today.(约翰·缪尔1873年写给他妹妹的信中，描述优胜美地山谷时给出了经典台词‘群山在召唤，我必须前往’。这句话此后成为了冒险家的座右铭，而优胜美地本身在一个世纪前激发了国家公园管理局的创立，并且至今仍吸引着游客)”可知，引用约翰·缪尔对优胜美地山谷的描述是为强调优胜美地长久以来对人们的吸引力。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Before setting out, it’s quite necessary to check the National Park Service’s official website for trail (线路) conditions, as weather can quickly change the landscape.(出发前，很有必要查看国家公园管理局的官方网站了解线路状况，因为天气会迅速改变地貌)”可知，在攀登哨兵穹顶之前，游客应该查看线路状况。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Since Yosemite’s water flows into San Francisco Bay, kayaking is a perfect addition to your trip. City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront or guided half-day tours to landmarks like Alcatraz or the Golden Gate Bridge.(由于优胜美地的水流入旧金山湾，kayaking是你旅行的完美补充。城市皮划艇公司提供按小时租赁服务，可在海滨快速划行，也有前往恶魔岛或金门大桥等地标景点的半天导游之旅)”中“City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront”可推知，kayaking是一种在水上进行的活动，是一种水上运动。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today.(约翰·缪尔1873年写给他妹妹的信中，描述优胜美地山谷时给出了经典台词‘群山在召唤，我必须前往’。这句话此后成为了冒险家的座右铭，而优胜美地本身在一个世纪前激发了国家公园管理局的创立，并且至今仍吸引着游客)”以及后文对在优胜美地进行登山、骑行、皮划艇等冒险活动的介绍，可知文章围绕优胜美地国家公园展开，强调其能让人们响应大自然召唤去开展冒险活动。C选项“优胜美地：大自然的召唤引领冒险之地”能准确概括文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古·期末） Philadelphia, often referred to as Philly, is a major city located along the Delaware River in Pennsylvania, a state in the northeastern United States. Founded in the 1680s by an Englishman William Penn, who also planned its layout (布局), the city was named Philadelphia—a word Penn understood to mean “city of brotherly love” in Greek. Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” who created the United States government. The buildings where they worked can be seen today in an area called the Old City, or Independence National Historical Park. The main building is Independence Hall. That was where colonial leaders declared independence and later debated the creation of a government. Near the park stands National Liberty (自由) Museum, housing over ninety paintings and sculptures, which represent the idea that liberty is a freedom that is easily broken. Several blocks away lies National Constitution (美国宪法) Center, a privately operated nonprofit museum that opened its doors in Philadelphia on July 4, 2003. The museum was created to elevate public recognition of the Constitution, its history and its importance today. Visitors here are presented with the idea that the most important part of American constitutional democracy (立宪民主) is the individual citizen. Philadelphia also offers plenty for visitors who are less concerned about history and more concerned about their stomachs. There are many food choices for foodies, including a typical sandwich—the Philly cheesesteak, usually made of thin pieces of meat covered with cheese, offered with onions and other toppings and served on a long roll. And where can the best Philly cheesesteak be found? That question is the subject of much debate—one way to settle it: try them all and decide for yourself! 1．What did William Penn do with Philadelphia? A．He brought in Greek traditions. B．He named it with his language. C．He ruined it and rebuilt it. D．He designed it in person. 2．What does paragraph 2 focus on about Philadelphia? A．Its historical place. B．Its main attractions. C．Its historical unrest. D．Its architecture style. 3．What does the underlined word “elevate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Debate. B．Protest. C．Increase. D．Puzzle. 4．What does the author want to do through the debate in the last paragraph? A．Doubt the local food. B．Make an invitation to visitors. C．Introduce a food recipe. D．Remind visitors to watch out for danger. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了费城的历史地位、主要景点以及美食特色。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Founded in the 1680s by an Englishman William Penn, who also planned its layout (布局), the city was named Philadelphia—a word Penn understood to mean “city of brotherly love” in Greek. (这座城市由英国人威廉·佩恩于17世纪80年代创建，他还规划了城市的布局，并将其命名为费城 —— 佩恩认为这个词在希腊语中是“博爱的城市”的意思)”可知，威廉·佩恩亲自设计了费城的布局。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” who created the United States government.(费城在1785年至1790年期间曾是美国首都。早些时候，在反对英国的大多数独立战争期间，它是美国殖民地的首都。费城成为创建美国政府的“开国元勋”的中央集会地)”以及下文对费城历史地位的进一步阐述可知，第二段主要介绍了费城的历史地位。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The museum was created to elevate public recognition of the Constitution, its history and its importance today. Visitors here are presented with the idea that the most important part of American constitutional democracy (立宪民主) is the individual citizen. (该博物馆的创建是为了elevate公众对宪法、宪法历史及其重要性的认识。这里的参观者会看到，美国宪政民主最重要的部分是公民个人)”可知，参观者意识到美国宪政民主最重要的部分是公民个人，说明该博物馆会增加公民对宪法的认识，所以猜测elevate表“增加”的意思。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“And where can the best Philly cheesesteak be found? That question is the subject of much debate—one way to settle it: try them all and decide for yourself!(哪里能找到最好的费城奶酪牛排三明治呢？这个问题一直是人们争论的焦点——解决这个问题的一个方法是：把所有的都尝一遍，然后自己决定！)”可知，作者通过最后一段的辩论想邀请游客来费城品尝美食。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·辽宁沈阳·期末） Traditionally, older people struggle with new tech, but this doesn’t have to be the case. With proper design, even the most hesitant user can unlock its significant benefits. A primary barrier is a lack of understanding of technology and its advantages, coupled with difficulty many seniors face in using devices like smart phones or computers. This often causes them to hesitate to adopt new technology. This is a mistake. Older people themselves must decide whether they want to embrace new technology or miss out on its advantages. Indeed, technology-particularly through platforms like social media-offers seniors invaluable opportunities: connecting with new friends, staying in touch with old ones and acquiring new skills. When seniors do adopt technology, the reasons are typically twofold: they’re forced to do so and they want to make their lives easier. Understanding these motivations is crucial for anyone aiming to encourage tech adoption among older adults. Despite the increasing necessity of technology in modern life, some seniors resist, arguing, “I managed before without technology. Why do I need it now?” Furthermore, frustration is common. “It’s not working.” is a complaint co-author Lucia heard many times from her late father, especially when it came to his cell phone, and he used technology well for the most part. Specific issues, such as struggling with tiny keypads or reading small text message fonts (字体), were constant sources of difficulty. Addressing these issues requires better technology design tailored to seniors. Older users prefer simple, clear web pages with easy navigation. A previous study showed that many seniors like a website to be user-friendly with a simple interface (界面). As the study emphasized, “A simpler and more uniformly designed Internet would help to break down the psychological barriers faced by older users.” Although the study was conducted years ago, the problem with web design for senior users remains unresolved today, highlighting the ongoing need for age-friendly technological solutions. 1．Why do older people hesitate to embrace new techs? A．They have limited access to digital devices. B．They find hi-tech products challenging to operate C．They have a negative attitude towards all new technology. D．They lack the basic knowledge to maintain digital devices. 2．What can we learn from the example of Lucia’s father? A．Seniors usually struggle to read text messages clearly. B．Seniors refuse to use the small keypad on their phone C．Seniors often feel frustrated when using new technologies. D．Seniors always encounter hardware failures of smart phones. 3．What might be discussed in the next paragraph? A．Psychological barriers of seniors to adopt new technology. B．User-friendly solutions for fixing various computer problems. C．Further studies related to seniors’ dissatisfaction with hi-techs. D．Effective strategies for web designers to simplify website interfaces. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Unlocking Benefits: Why Seniors Need Technology? B．Breaking Barriers: Seniors Struggle with Tech Adoption. C．Embracing smart phones: A Reasonable choice for seniors D．Bridging the Tech gap: Designing Senior-friendly Technology 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍老年人在使用新技术时面临的困难及为其量身设计友好技术的必要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A primary barrier is a lack of understanding of technology and its advantages, coupled with difficulty many seniors face in using devices like smart phones or computers. This often causes them to hesitate to adopt new technology.(一个主要障碍是对技术及其优势缺乏了解，再加上许多老年人在使用智能手机或电脑等设备时面临困难。这往往导致他们在采用新技术时犹豫不决。)”可知，老年人不愿接受新技术是因为他们发现高科技产品操作起来有难度。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Furthermore, frustration is common. “It’s not working.” is a complaint co-author Lucia heard many times from her late father, especially when it came to his cell phone, and he used technology well for the most part. Specific issues, such as struggling with tiny keypads or reading small text message fonts (字体), were constant sources of difficulty. (此外，挫折感也很常见。合著者露西娅从她已故的父亲那里多次听到“它坏了”的抱怨，尤其是在使用手机的时候，尽管他在很大程度上能很好地使用技术。一些具体问题，比如在小型键盘上操作不便，或是阅读短信里的小字体，一直是让人头疼的难题。)”可知，从露西娅父亲的例子中我们可以了解到，老年人在使用新技术时经常感到沮丧。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Addressing these issues requires better technology design tailored to seniors. Older users prefer simple, clear web pages with easy navigation. A previous study showed that many seniors like a website to be user-friendly with a simple interface (界面). (解决这些问题需要更贴合老年人的技术设计。老年用户更喜欢简洁清晰、易于浏览的网页。此前有研究表明，许多老年人希望网站能做到用户友好、界面简洁。)”以及“Although the study was conducted years ago, the problem with web design for senior users remains unresolved today, highlighting the ongoing need for age-friendly technological solutions.(尽管这项研究是多年前开展的，但针对老年用户的网页设计问题至今仍未得到解决，这凸显了我们对适合老年人的技术解决方案的持续需求。)”可知，接下来的段落可能会讨论网页设计师简化网站界面的有效策略。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是首段“Traditionally, older people struggle with new tech, but this doesn’t have to be the case. With proper design, even the most hesitant user can unlock its significant benefits.(传统上，老年人在使用新技术时会遇到困难，但情况并非必然如此。通过恰当的设计，即便是最犹豫的用户也能享受到新技术带来的显著益处。)”可知，文章主要围绕老年人使用新技术面临的困难展开，强调需要为老年人设计友好的技术，以缩小技术差距。因此，“弥合技术差距：设计适合老年人的技术” 既点明“老年人与技术之间的鸿沟”，又突出“技术优化设计”的解决方案，精准概括文章“问题—方案”的逻辑框架，最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） Ever wondered what happens to the recyclables you carefully sort and place in your bin? For years, recycling has been an important part of our efforts to reduce waste and protect the environment. However, the recycling industry has faced significant challenges, from rising costs to labor (劳动力)shortages. But what if technology could transform (改变) this process, making recycling faster, more efficient and actually effective? That’s exactly what AMP Robotics, a Colorado-based company, is working toward. At the heart of AMP’s advancement is its artificial intelligence platform, which uses deep learning to analyze millions of images of waste. This technology enables robots to identify recyclable materials by recognizing patterns in colors, textures, shapes and logos, spotting a single plastic bottle in a sea of trash faster than any human. AMP Robotics is not alone in applying the power of artificial intelligence to transforming waste management. Across Europe and the U. K. companies like Greyparrot and Recycleye are using AI technologies to improve sorting efficiency. Greyparrot uses cameras and machine learning to monitor waste streams in real time, providing detailed insights into material composition. This helps centers maximize resource recovery. Similarly, Recycleye uses robotic arms equipped with AI to automate sorting processes, increasing the purity of recovered materials and promoting productivity. AI applications go far beyond sorting lines. For instance, WestRock is using AI to design sustainable (可持续的) packaging that replaces plastics with fiber-based materials. Their advancements include creating packaging resistant (防……的) to water and oil while maintaining recyclability, helping brands make the turn to more eco-friendly solutions. Governments are also using AI-driven recycling systems, such as Tasmania’s $ 24 million materials recovery site, which processes recyclables from thousands of households using advanced AI systems. In metal recycling, AI is being used to predict market trends by analyzing large amounts of data on prices, supply, demand and trade patterns. This allows recyclers to regulate production based on anticipated (预期的) demand for specific metals. Together, these efforts illustrate how AI is transforming waste management globally, making recycling more efficient, sustainable and impactful. 1．How do robots in AMP Robotics recognize recyclables? A．By identifying patterns using deep learning. B．By measuring the size with digital cameras. C．By weighing the waste using an AI platform. D．By analyzing materials through metal sensors. 2．Why does the author mention Tasmania’s materials recovery site in Paragraph 5? A．To stress the huge cost of recycling. B．To praise the government’s great efforts in recycling. C．To illustrate how AI-driven recycling systems work. D．To show the wide application of AI in recycling. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about AI in metal recycling? A．AI makes metal recyclers ignore market changes completely. B．Analyzing data on prices and supply is unnecessary for predicting market trends. C．Recyclers can adjust their production according to the expected demand for certain metals. D．AI’s prediction of market trends has no influence on the production of metal recyclers. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of AI-Powered Robots B．AI: A Key to Reshaping Waste Management C．Labor Shortages and Cost Issues in Recycling D．Sustainable Packaging: A New AI-Driven Solution 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了人工智能（AI）如何通过深度学习、机器人分拣、实时监控、可持续包装设计及市场趋势预测等技术，解决回收行业面临的成本上升、劳动力短缺等挑战，重塑全球废物管理，提升回收效率与可持续性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“At the heart of AMP’s advancement is its artificial intelligence platform, which uses deep learning to analyze millions of images of waste. This technology enables robots to identify recyclable materials by recognizing patterns in colors, textures, shapes and logos, spotting a single plastic bottle in a sea of trash faster than any human.(AMP进步的核心是其人工智能平台，该平台使用深度学习来分析数百万张垃圾图像。这项技术使机器人能够通过识别颜色、纹理、形状和徽标中的图案来识别可回收材料，在垃圾海中发现一个塑料瓶的速度比任何人都快)“”可知，AMP Robotics的机器人通过深度学习识别模式来辨认可回收物。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第五段“AI applications go far beyond sorting lines. For instance, WestRock is using AI to design sustainable (可持续的) packaging that replaces plastics with fiber-based materials. Their advancements include creating packaging resistant (防……的) to water and oil while maintaining recyclability, helping brands make the turn to more eco-friendly solutions. Governments are also using AI-driven recycling systems, such as Tasmania’s $ 24 million materials recovery site, which processes recyclables from thousands of households using advanced AI systems.(人工智能应用程序远远超出了分拣线。例如，WestRock正在使用人工智能设计可持续包装，用纤维基材料代替塑料。他们的进步包括创造防水和防油的包装，同时保持可回收性，帮助品牌转向更环保的解决方案。政府也在使用人工智能驱动的回收系统，例如塔斯马尼亚州耗资2400万美元的材料回收网站，该网站使用先进的人工智能系统处理数千户家庭的可回收物。)”可知，作者提到塔斯马尼亚的材料回收站点是为了展示人工智能在回收领域的广泛应用。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In metal recycling, AI is being used to predict market trends by analyzing large amounts of data on prices, supply, demand and trade patterns. This allows recyclers to regulate production based on anticipated (预期的) demand for specific metals.(在金属回收领域，人工智能正被用于通过分析大量关于价格、供应、需求和贸易模式的数据来预测市场趋势。这使得回收商能够根据对特定金属的预期需求来调节生产)”可知，回收商可以根据某些金属的预期需求调整生产。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“But what if technology could transform (改变) this process, making recycling faster, more efficient and actually effective? That’s exactly what AMP Robotics, a Colorado-based company, is working toward. (但是，如果技术能够改变这一过程，使回收更快、更高效、更有效呢？这正是总部位于科罗拉多州的AMP Robotics公司正在努力的方向)”及最后一段“Together, these efforts illustrate how AI is transforming waste management globally, making recycling more efficient, sustainable and impactful.(这些努力共同说明了人工智能如何在全球范围内改变废物管理，使回收更加高效、可持续和有影响力)”可知，文章主要讲述人工智能正在重塑废物管理，是改变废物管理的关键。因此，B项AI: A Key to Reshaping Waste Management(人工智能：重塑废物管理的关键)适合作为标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） When you think of a robot, you might picture something with a lot of sensors (传感器), and inflexible metal arms controlled by a computer. But scientists at the AMOLF Institute have created a robot that has no brain and no sensors. It carries its own battery-powered pump (泵). And yet this robot can “walk” by itself. How is this possible? The team behind the robot says the secret is in the science of how air moves. If you’ve ever seen a “tube (管子) dancer” walking around, then you’ve seen the science that makes this robot work. Tube dancers are tall thin tubes of cloth, through which air is pumped. High pressure from the pumped air fills the tube, making it stand up. Similarly, the pressure caused by the flow of air is exactly what drives the robot. When the air starts to flow in the tubes, the tubes move in different ways. But very quickly, all of these “legs” start to move in exactly the same way, making the robot walk. The robot’s speed is controlled by the air pressure. There are several notable things about the robot. The first is its speed. The robot can cover a distance equal to thirty times the length of its body in a second. That would be like the world’s fastest man, Usain Bolt, running the 100-meter race in 9.58 seconds. The robot also adjusts smoothly to its conditions. It can go over uneven ground. If it runs into a wall, it naturally turns. Perhaps the most surprising is the fact that if the robot is dropped into water, it begins moving in a new way that allows it to swim. As there’s no brain, the scientists say their new invention is really just a machine. But it’s a machine that can do several complicated (复杂的) tasks that would normally require lots of very difficult programming for a robot. So far, the robot can conduct most of the tasks with ease. The researchers say that in the future they hope to develop new ways to control the robot and perhaps give it more skills. 1．Why is the tube dancer mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To stress the robot’s uniqueness. B．To present the inspiration for the robot. C．To introduce another impressive invention. D．To make the robot’s way of working easy to understand. 2．What enables the robot to move forward? A．The air pressure. B．The computer-controlled system. C．The human operator. D．The combination of batteries and sensors. 3．What can we learn about the robot from the text? A．It can beat Bolt in a running race. B．It requires complicated programming. C．It may have more functions added in the future. D．It features a higher intelligence level than other robots. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．The Sensor-Free Robot. B．The Energy-Saving Robot. C．The Science of Air Pressure. D．The Development of Robots. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种无需传感器、仅靠气压驱动的创新型机器人，重点阐述了其工作原理、运动能力及未来开发潜力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“If you’ve ever seen a “tube (管子) dancer” walking around, then you’ve seen the science that makes this robot work. Tube dancers are tall thin tubes of cloth, through which air is pumped. High pressure from the pumped air fills the tube, making it stand up. (如果你见过“充气舞者”摇摆晃动的样子，那你已经见识过让这个机器人运作的科学原理了。充气舞者是一种细高的布制管状物，通过向内部充气来驱动。泵入的高压空气充满管体，使其直立起来)”可知，作者提到tube dancer“充气舞者”是为了通过常见现象类比说明机器人工作原理，使这一复杂概念易于读者理解。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Similarly, the pressure caused by the flow of air is exactly what drives the robot. (同样地，正是气流产生的压力驱动着这个机器人)”可知，气流压力使机器人能够向前移动。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The researchers say that in the future they hope to develop new ways to control the robot and perhaps give it more skills. (研究人员表示，未来他们希望开发新的控制方式，或许还能赋予这款机器人更多技能)”可知，这款机器人未来可能增加更多功能。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“When you think of a robot, you might picture something with a lot of sensors (传感器), and inflexible metal arms controlled by a computer. But scientists at the AMOLF Institute have created a robot that has no brain and no sensors. It carries its own battery-powered pump (泵). (当你想到机器人的时候，你可能会想到一些有很多传感器的东西，以及由计算机控制的不灵活的金属手臂。但是AMOLF研究所的科学家们创造了一种没有大脑和传感器的机器人。它有自己的电池驱动泵)”可知，文章围绕一款无需传感器、仅靠气压驱动的创新型机器人展开，介绍了其工作原理、运动能力及未来开发潜力。因此，A项“无传感器机器人”概括了该机器人的核心特点，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Dilly Dally, a female loggerhead turtle who survived a run-in with a predator (捕食者) that cost her a front flipper (鳍肢), has been released from a Florida animal hospital back into the Atlantic Ocean. Dilly Dally, an adolescent loggerhead, first arrived at the Loggerhead Marinelife Center (LMC) in January after being attacked. Three weeks later, she went under the knife to remove the damaged flipper. Despite a few wound complications during her five-month stay at the hospital, Dilly Dally now joins fellow recovered loggerheads, Falafel and Scout, in their return to the wild. Dilly Dally, like other turtles treated and re-released by the LMC, will be tracked via satellite attached to her shell to chart her movements and monitor her adaptation to living in the wild. Organizations like the LMC help protect sea turtles like loggerheads, in the face of ongoing threats to the shrinking population — about 6.5 million. Worldwide, the animals and their eggs face the threat of illegal hunting, accidental catching and habitat damage. The World Wildlife Fund reports three of seven sea turtle species are endangered, including two that are listed as critically endangered. A 2023 study found “flipper amputation (截肢) is a well-known phenomenon in sea turtles,” and the creatures are able to recover well and relearn to swim. The paper concluded that among sea turtles who had suffered amputations, adult females were able to swim ashore in order to nest, but the damaged flippers put them at greater risk from land-based threats during the process. Dilly Dally is now swimming in the calm waves near the western coast of Florida, exploring the lively ocean world. Fans who want to learn about Dilly Dally and other sea turtles’ movements, can virtually follow her journey www.marinelife.mapotic.com. 1．Why is the satellite attached to Dilly Dally’ s shell? A．To measure ocean temperature and water quality. B．To prevent the turtle from being caught accidentally. C．To record her locations and observe her adaptation to the wild. D．To ensure she receives necessary medical treatment after release. 2．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Sea turtles face several threats. B．LMC mainly treats injured turtles. C．6.5 million sea turtles live in the wild. D．Loggerheads are the most endangered. 3．Why are adult female sea turtles mentioned in the 2023 study? A．To prove they recover faster from amputations. B．To show they are more likely to lose flippers. C．To suggest they need more medical attention. D．To stress they face higher risks when nesting. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．LMC’ s Sea Turtle Rescue Work B．Survival of a Loggerhead Turtle C．Dilly Dally’ s Journey back to the Ocean D．Sea Turtles Under Threat and Recovery 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了雌性红海龟Dilly Dally遭捕食者袭击失去前鳍肢，经救治五个月后，与另外两只康复的红海龟一同被放归大西洋。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dilly Dally, like other turtles treated and re-released by the LMC, will be tracked via satellite attached to her shell to chart her movements and monitor her adaptation to living in the wild.(迪利·达利和其他由莱克蒙野生动物保护中心救治并放归自然的海龟一样，其活动情况将通过固定在她壳上的卫星进行监测，以记录其活动轨迹并观察其适应野外生存的能力)”可知，卫星被安装在迪莉·达利的壳体上是为了记录她的活动位置，并观察她适应野外环境的情况。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Worldwide, the animals and their eggs face the threat of illegal hunting, accidental catching and habitat damage.(在全球范围内，这些海龟及其卵面临着非法捕猎、意外捕获以及栖息地破坏等威胁)”可知，海龟面临着多种威胁。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The paper concluded that among sea turtles who had suffered amputations, adult females were able to swim ashore in order to nest, but the damaged flippers put them at greater risk from land-based threats during the process.(该论文得出结论：在遭受鳍肢截断的海龟中，成年雌性海龟能够游到岸边进行筑巢，但受损的鳍肢使它们在这一过程中面临更大的来自陆地威胁的风险)”可知，2023年的研究中会提及成年断鳍雌性海龟是为了强调它们在筑巢时面临更高的风险。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“Dilly Dally, a female loggerhead turtle who survived a run-in with a predator ( 捕食者) that cost her a front flipper (鳍肢), has been released from a Florida animal hospital back into the Atlantic Ocean.(迪莉・达莉是一只雌性红海龟，它曾与捕食者遭遇并幸存下来，但这次遭遇让它失去了一只前鳍肢。如今，它已从佛罗里达州的一家动物医院康复，并被放归大西洋)”可知，文章主要说明了雌性红海龟Dilly Dally遭捕食者袭击失去前鳍肢，经救治五个月后，与另外两只康复的红海龟一同被放归大西洋。可知，C选项“迪利·达利的重返海洋之旅”最符合文章标题。故选C。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁丹东·期末） Climate change is increasing the risk of wildfires in many regions of the world. This is partly due to specific weather conditions-known as fire weather-that facilitate the spread of wildfires. Researchers from the Helmholtz Centre have found that fire weather seasons are increasingly overlapping (重合) between eastern Australia and western North America. The west coast of North America and the east coast of Australia have been repeatedly hit hard by wildfires. For example, the January 2025 wildfire disaster in Los Angeles destroyed over 10,000 buildings and claimed 29 lives. The east coast of Australia was hit by one of the country’s most disastrous bush-fires between September 2019 and March 2020: more than 12 million hectares of forest burned. Firefighters from Canada, the US, and Australia have supported each other during these disasters. The greatest likelihood of overlap — around 75% — occurs between July and December. Overall, the number of overlapping fire days in eastern Australia and western North America has been increasing by one day per year for the past 40 years. “This is because the fire season in eastern Australia is starting earlier in spring and overlapping with the fire season on the west coast of North America,” explains Dr Andreia Ribeiro. This poses a challenge for cooperation between US, Canadian, and Australian fire services, which have long supported one another during wildfire emergencies. In the past, the fire seasons occurred at different times of the year: on the west coast of North America between June and October and in eastern Australia between October and March. These gaps provided enough time for teams to assist one another when needed. But these increasingly overlapping fire weather seasons in the US and Australia are narrowing the window for international cooperation and making it harder to respond quickly to large-scale wildfires. The research will contribute to the improvement of international firefighting cooperation and national firefighting capacities. Both Australia and the US will need to strengthen their firefighting capacities in order to reduce reliance on international cooperation. 1．What’s the function of the figures mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To prove the significance of forests. B．To explain the cause of the wildfires. C．To show the severity of the wildfires. D．To encourage the protection of forests. 2．What has led to the increasing overlap of fire weather days in the regions mentioned? A．The warming temperature around the globe. B．The extended fire season in western America. C．The high frequency of disasters in North America. D．The early arrival of the fire season in eastern Australia. 3．What is the consequence of the increasing overlap of fire seasons according to the passage? A．It will reduce the damage caused by wildfires. B．It will make international cooperation challenging. C．It will pave the way for quick response to wildfires. D．It will strengthen the support between US and Australia. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the research? A．Opposed. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化导致野火季节在澳大利亚东部和北美西部重叠增加，给国际合作带来挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For example, the January 2025 wildfire disaster in Los Angeles destroyed over 10,000 buildings and claimed 29 lives. The east coast of Australia was hit by one of the country’s most disastrous bush-fires between September 2019 and March 2020: more than 12 million hectares of forest burned.(例如，2025年1月，洛杉矶的野火灾害摧毁了1万多栋建筑，造成29人死亡。2019年9月至2020年3月，澳大利亚东海岸遭受了该国最严重的森林大火之一：超过1200万公顷的森林被烧毁)”可知，第二段中提到的数字是为了展示野火的严重性。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This is because the fire season in eastern Australia is starting earlier in spring and overlapping with the fire season on the west coast of North America(这是因为澳大利亚东部的火灾季节在春季开始得更早，与北美西海岸的火灾季节重叠)”可知，澳大利亚东部火灾季提前到来导致了上述地区火灾季重叠现象加剧。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This poses a challenge for cooperation between US, Canadian, and Australian fire services(这给美国、加拿大和澳大利亚消防部门之间的合作带来了挑战)”及“But these increasingly overlapping fire weather seasons in the US and Australia are narrowing the window for international cooperation and making it harder to respond quickly to large-scale wildfires.(但美国和澳大利亚日益重叠的火灾天气季节正在缩小国际合作的窗口，使快速应对大规模野火变得更加困难)”可知，火灾季节重叠增加的后果是它将使国际合作具有挑战性。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The research will contribute to the improvement of international firefighting cooperation and national firefighting capacities.(这项研究将有助于改善国际消防合作和国家消防能力)”可推知，作者对这项研究持支持态度。故选B Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古·期末） You spend a third of your life asleep, a certain part of which involves dreaming. But most often, you don’t remember any of your dreams. While the exact reason of why we can hardly recall our dreams is not fully known, scientists have gotten some insight into memory processes during sleep, leading to several ideas that may explain our forgetfulness. You are awake, but is your hippocampus (海马体) awake? When we fall asleep, not all the brain’s regions go offline at the same time. Researchers have found one of the last regions to go to sleep is the hippocampus, a structure in the brain that is important for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory. “If the hippocampus is the last to go to sleep, it could very well be the last to wake up,” said Thomas Andrillon, a neuroscientist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is not able to keep that memory,” Andrillon told Live Science. While this might explain why dream memories are so fleeting, it doesn’t mean that your hippocampus has been inactive throughout the night. In fact, this region is quite active during sleep, and appears to be storing and caring for existing memories to strengthen them, instead of listening for incoming new experiences. Sometimes your dreams are just not memorable? Do you remember what you were thinking about this morning when brushing your teeth? Our minds wander all the time, but we get rid of most of those thoughts as unimportant information. Dreams, especially ordinary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember. But dreams that are more vivid, emotional and coherent (连贯的) seem to be better remembered-perhaps because they cause more awakening, and their organized story makes them easier to store. If you are interested in improving your dream recall, there are a few tricks to try. One is drinking water before bed, because it will make you wake up at night to use the bathroom. These middle-of-the-night awakenings are frequently accompanied by dream recall. Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile (脆弱的) dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memory, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory. 1．You can’t remember your dreams when you wake up probably because ______. A．you are forgetful and poor in remembering things. B．your dreams are vivid, emotional and coherent. C．your brain needs to start up to move dreams into long-term memory D．your hippocampus is active in receiving new information 2．What can we learn about dreams from the passage? A．Dreaming means processing memory during sleeping. B．Dreams come from your hippocampus. C．We need special trainings to recall our dreams. D．Dreams are sometimes useless for us to remember. 3．Which of the following CANNOT help you to recall a dream? A．Improve the ability of your hippocampus to catch up information. B．Keep reminding yourself of the need to remember your dreams. C．Record what you can remember in your dreams upon awakening. D．Think back on the things in your dreams directly after you wake up. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Train Your Brain to Remember Dreams. B．The Mystery of Dreaming: Why We Forget Our Dreams. C．The Role of the Hippocampus in Sleep and Memory. D．Dreams and Daydreams: Useless or Meaningful?. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨人们大多记不起梦境的原因，介绍了与梦境遗忘相关的科学见解，如海马体在睡眠与记忆过程中的作用、梦境本身的特点对记忆的影响等，同时还给出了一些提高梦境回忆能力的方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchers have found one of the last regions to go to sleep is the hippocampus, a structure in brain that is important for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory.(研究人员发现，最后进入睡眠状态的区域之一是海马体，这是大脑中的一个结构，对于将信息从短期记忆转移到长期记忆至关重要)” 以及第四段““If the hippocampus is the last to go to sleep, it could very well be the last to wake up, ” said Thomas Andrillon, a neuroscientist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is not able to keep that memory,” Andrillon told Live Science.(“如果海马体是最后进入睡眠的，那它很可能也是最后醒来的，” 澳大利亚墨尔本莫纳什大学的神经科学家托马斯・安德里隆说。“所以，你可能会有这样一个阶段，醒来时梦还在你的短期记忆中，但由于海马体还没有完全清醒，你的大脑无法保留这段记忆。” 安德里隆告诉《生活科学》杂志)” 可知，当我们醒来时，梦处于短期记忆中，但因为海马体未完全苏醒，大脑无法将梦的记忆从短期转为长期，即大脑需要启动海马体来将梦转化为长期记忆，否则就记不住梦。所以，你醒来时记不住梦可能是因为大脑需要启动来将梦转化为长期记忆，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第六段“Dreams, especially ordinary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember.(梦，尤其是普通的梦，可能就像白日梦的想法一样，大脑认为它们太无用而无需记住)” 可知，有些梦对我们来说可能没有记住的价值。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile (脆弱的) dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memory, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory.(一些研究表明，反复提醒自己想要记住梦可能会增加记住梦的机会，写梦的日记也是如此。醒来后，抓住那脆弱的梦的记忆：闭上眼睛，保持静止，重放梦的记忆，直到你的海马体跟上并正确存储记忆)” 可知，选项B（不断提醒自己需要记住梦）、选项C（醒来后记录你能记住的梦中内容）和选项D（醒来后直接回想梦中的事情）都有助于回忆梦，而选项A（提高海马体捕捉信息的能力），文中未提及提高海马体捕捉信息的能力能帮助回忆梦，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要探讨人们大多记不起梦境的原因，介绍了与梦境遗忘相关的科学见解，如海马体在睡眠与记忆过程中的作用、梦境本身的特点对记忆的影响等，同时还给出了一些提高梦境回忆能力的方法。所以B选项“The Mystery of Dreaming: Why We Forget Our Dreams (做梦的奥秘：我们为什么会忘记梦)”为最佳标题。故选B。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末） The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is the longest man-made river in the world. Starting in the capital Beijing, it passes through several provinces, linking China’s five main river basins (流域). The oldest parts of the canal date back to the 5th century BC, when it offered an important means of transportation and supply of food to the population. From ancient to modern times, the Grand Canal has been contributing to the country’s development. It represents the wisdom and determination of the Chinese people. In 2014, the Grand Canal was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. China has taken many measures to protect and develop the Grand Canal and the areas around it. The construction of cultural and ecological (生态的) parks along the canal is one of the most important elements of protective measures. The Beijing section of the Grand Canal, located in Tongzhou, is one of the city’s popular tourist spots. The Grand Canal Forest Park was built along its shores, featuring deep forests and beds of flowers. Visitors enjoy camping, cycling and boat trips there, taking a vacation away from the fast pace of city life. Dezhou City is also taking advantage of the canal. Over the past 20 years, the city has insisted on non-commercial development on both sides of this section of the Grand Canal. The city has turned unused areas into gardens, and wastelands into wetlands along the riverbank—a series of measures aimed at restoring the original appearance of the canal. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has continued to serve as a link between northern and southern China. It also further promotes the economic, agricultural and ecological development of the cities and towns along its banks. 1．What can we learn about the Grand Canal? A．It connects five large provinces. B．It was completed in the 5th century. C．It used to be an tourist route. D．It shows great qualities of Chinese. 2．What do the protection measures for the Grand Canal mainly focus on? A．Transportation and environment. B．Culture and ecology. C．Commercialization and innovation. D．Tourism and economy. 3．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us about the Grand Canal? A．Its development. B．Its bright future. C．Its significant role. D．Its historical value. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Grand Canal: the Longest Man-made Project B．The Grand Canal: Bridge Linking Northern, Southern China C．The Grand Canal: Non-commercial Development Needed D．The Grand Canal: Transportation Function to Be Restored 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了京杭大运河的概况和重要性，以及现代社会为保护和进一步利用运河所采取的措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It represents the wisdom and determination of the Chinese people.(它代表了中国人民的智慧和决心)”可知，京杭大运河代表了中国人民的智慧和决心。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The construction of cultural and ecological (生态的) parks along the canal is one of the most important elements of protective measures.(运河沿线文化生态公园的建设是运河保护措施的重要内容之一)”和第四段中“The city has turned unused areas into gardens, and wastelands into wetlands along the riverbank—a series of measures aimed at restoring the original appearance of the canal.(城市将未使用的区域变成了花园，将河边的荒地变成了湿地——一系列旨在恢复运河原貌的措施)”等可知，大运河保护措施主要是文化和生态方面。故选B项。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has continued to serve as a link between northern and southern China. It also further promotes the economic, agricultural and ecological development of the cities and towns along its banks.(京杭大运河继续作为连接中国南北的桥梁。它还进一步促进了两岸城镇的经济、农业和生态发展)”等可知，本段主要介绍了京杭大运河的重要作用。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is the longest man-made river in the world. Starting in the capital Beijing, it passes through several provinces, linking China’s five main river basins (流域).(京杭大运河，也被称为京杭大运河，是世界上最长的人工河流。它从首都北京开始，经过几个省份，连接了中国的五大河流流域)”可知，本文概括性地介绍大运河的地位和作用，同时也介绍了大运河的保护措施以及运河自古至今的历史贡献。B项“大运河：连接中国南北的桥梁”可以作为一个合适的标题。故选B项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁丹东·期末） According to a new international study, “women consistently exhibit higher sensitivity to loud clicking noises.” Though it is believed that growing older can take a toll on your hearing, but more than your age, the study has revealed another biological factor that may influence how your ears respond to sound: your sex. When the ear is stimulated, researchers found the hairs inside the cochlea (耳蜗) of women were two decibels more sensitive than the cochlear hairs of men. The findings provide convincing evidence that the inner ears of women are more sensitive to sounds than the inner ears of men. “Age is a well-established factor in the decline of cochlear sensitivity,” write the authors, led by biologist Patricia Balaresque. “However, in our study, the effect of age is overshadowed by sex and environmental factors.” Using a click test called Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE), researchers analyzed the cochlear sensitivity of 448 healthy participants from five countries. In all the analytical models, sex was the main biological factor explaining inter-individual differences in TEOAE results. Age came second. When the authors turned to non-biological factors, they found where a person lived had a greater impact on their cochlear sensitivity than their age. Those who live in forest environments, for instance, tend to outperform those in urban environments. “Our findings highlight the need to consider both biological and environmental factors when studying hearing,” says Balaresque. Initial research indicates that as ages age, they lose their hearing twice as fast as females. Scientists still don’t understand why that is. Some have proposed that men are exposed to more damaging noises in their lives, but these new results suggest sex differences in sensitivity cannot simply be explained by age or by environmental exposure. This field of research remains relatively unexplored. The study is one of the first detailed investigations of what influences the sensitivity of the human inner ear. The sex-based differences the authors identified now need to be explored further. Identifying what drives hearing loss will be essential when it comes to offering hearing aids to diverse populations. 1．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean? A．Be of benefit to. B．Improve the function of. C．Have a negative effect on. D．Limit the development of. 2．What can be learned from the result of the TEOAE test? A．Only biological factors need to be considered. B．Age is the main reason for individual differences. C．environments have no influence on cochlear sensitivity. D．Sex is the key biological factor in inter- individual differences. 3．According to Balaresque, who is likely to have the best hearing? A．A teenage girl living in a remote village. B．A retired male professor living in London. C．An old lady working in a furniture factory. D．A mid- aged man living downtown in New York. 4．What can be concluded about the research from the last paragraph? A．It has achieved perfect results. B．It still needs to be studied further. C．It fails to find out the influencing factors. D．It offers hearing aids to diverse populations. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现女性对声音更敏感及影响耳蜗敏感度的因素。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词后“more than your age, the study has revealed another biological factor that may influence how your ears respond to sound: your sex.(但研究显示，除了年龄，另一个可能影响耳朵对声音反应的生物因素是性别)”及常识可知，年龄增长对听力有负面影响，故take a toll on的意思与C项“Have a negative effect on(对……有消极影响)”意思相近。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In all the analytical models, sex was the main biological factor explaining inter-individual differences in TEOAE results.(在所有的分析模型中，性别是解释TEOAE结果个体间差异的主要生物学因素)”可知，性别是个体差异的关键生物因素。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The findings provide convincing evidence that the inner ears of women are more sensitive to sounds than the inner ears of men.(这些发现提供了令人信服的证据，表明女性的内耳对声音比男性的内耳更敏感)”以及第四段“When the authors turned to non-biological factors, they found where a person lived had a greater impact on their cochlear sensitivity than their age. Those who live in forest environments, for instance, tend to outperform those in urban environments.(当作者转向非生物因素时，他们发现一个人住在哪里对他们的耳蜗敏感度的影响比他们的年龄更大。例如，那些生活在森林环境中的人往往比生活在城市环境中的人表现更好)”可知，一个住在偏远乡村的少女可能拥有最好的听力。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This field of research remains relatively unexplored. The study is one of the first detailed investigations of what influences the sensitivity of the human inner ear. The sex - based differences the authors identified now need to be explored further.(这一研究领域相对来说仍未得到充分探索。这项研究是首批针对影响人类内耳敏感度因素的详细调查之一。研究人员发现的基于性别的差异目前仍需进一步探究)”可知，这项研究还需要进一步研究。故选B。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末） Most people can point to an experience in their lives where personal relationships have caused them emotional harm. However, does building better relationships with others have to involve the risk of getting hurt? One popular theory is the hedgehog’s dilemma, also called the porcupine’s dilemma. It has its roots in the thinking of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who proposed that, even with the best of intentions, humans harm each other when they attempt to have intimate and friendly relationships. It goes like this. One cold winter night, a group of porcupines gathered to keep warm, but they hurt each other with their quills, forcing them to move apart. When feeling cold, they moved closer, only to be hurt again. Repeatedly, they eventually found the ideal distance. So the theory ends with the advice: Keep your distance. However, keeping distance is not enough. If you’ve been hurt before, it might be that your quills are up, and you’ve fallen into defence(防御) mode. Hilary, a psychologist, points to some examples of common defence mode such as going blank and regarding the present reaction as criticism. Most of these defensive reactions originate from early experiences of hurt. “In treatments, if people can be helped to recognize the defences by tracking back through the personal experiences, they can be encouraged to be understanding. Then they, have a chance to change and not just repeat old behaviors,” Hilary suggests. “Defences need to be respected and not knocked down in one step. Removing one brick at a time from the wall is very important.” Unlike hedgehogs, humans don’t come with the quills built in. So, when we learn to lower our defences for safe, loving people, there’s a chance we actually can have it all. 1．Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph? A．To give examples. B．To lead to a story. C．To inspire reflection. D．To express concern. 2．What does the underlined word “intimate” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Permanent. B．Detailed. C．Independent. D．Close. 3．What does Hilary advise people to do when bringing down defences? A．Address problems with patience. B．Avoid discussing past experiences. C．Immediately remove self-protection. D．Accept the behaviour without changing 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．Psychology Today. B．Wildlife Focus. C．Technology Review. D．Runner’s World. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍刺猬困境理论及人类在人际关系中如何放下防御。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Most people can point to an experience in their lives where personal relationships have caused them emotional harm. However, does building better relationships with others have to involve the risk of getting hurt?(大多数人都能举出生活中人际关系给他们带来情感伤害的经历。然而，建立更好的人际关系就一定要冒受伤的风险吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引发读者思考。故选C项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“One popular theory is the hedgehog’s dilemma, also called the porcupine’s dilemma. It has its roots in the thinking of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who proposed that, even with the best of intentions, humans harm each other when they attempt to have intimate and friendly relationships.(一个流行的理论是刺猬困境，也被称为豪猪困境。它源于德国哲学家亚瑟·叔本华的思想，他提出，即使出于最好的意图，当人类试图建立intimate友好的关系时，也会彼此伤害。)”可知，“intimate”与“friendly”并列，结合语境，应表示“亲密的”，与“Close”意思相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Defences need to be respected and not knocked down in one step. Removing one brick at a time from the wall is very important.(防御需要被尊重，不能一步就被打破。一次从墙上拆下一块砖是非常重要的。)”可知，希拉里建议人们在放下防御时要有耐心，循序渐进地解决问题。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hilary, a psychologist, points to some examples of common defence mode such as going blank and regarding the present reaction as criticism.(心理学家希拉里指出了一些常见的防御模式，比如大脑一片空白，把当前的反应视为批评。)”以及全文围绕人际关系中的情感伤害、防御机制等内容可知，本文最可能来自《今日心理学》。故选A项。 Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. As leaves fall, snow sweeps in or flowers blossom, humans change in measurable ways, too. Research suggests that emotions, eating habits, and even favorite colors vary across the year. And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA shows how moral values can also change. For the study, researchers examined over 230,000 online surveys collected over ten years, mainly from Americans, with smaller groups in Canada, Australia, and the U.K.. The surveys used a social science model called “moral foundations theory (道德基础理论)” which identifies five core values guiding human behavior. These include loyalty (staying true to one’s own group), authority (respecting leaders and rules), and purity (avoiding wrongdoing), classified as “group-focused values” as they help communities stay connected. The remaining two—care (protecting others from harm) and fairness (treating people equally)—are termed “self-focused values” concerning personal rights. One explanation for seasonal changes could be anxiety. Data from 90,000 surveys and internet searches indicate that anxiety peaks in spring and autumn. Psychologist Brian O’ Shea explains, “Anxiety makes people feel threatened, leading them to distrust outsiders and seek safety within their own groups.” These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. Lead researcher Ian Hohm agrees the pattern doesn’t affect everyone equally, but notes that the study shows how seasons influence human psychology. “Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions.” This research reminds us that nature’s rhythms quietly guide our moral judgement. 1．What is the possible impact of anxiety during stressful seasons? A．Threatening safety of outsiders. B．Promoting respect for moral rules. C．Increasing focus on personal rights. D．Influencing social decision-making. 2．What does the underlined word “marginalized” in  Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Respected. B．Disadvantaged. C．Educated. D．Disabled. 3．What is Norman’s attitude toward seasonal impact on human behavior? A．Curious. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Reserved. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Seasons and Morality: How Nature’s Rhythms Shape Moral Values B．Seasonal Changes: How They Affect People’s Anxiety Levels C．Humans as Seasonal Beings: The Impact of Mood on Actions D．Moral Foundation Theory: Five Core Values in Human Behavior 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了季节变化对人类道德价值观的影响，介绍了相关研究的内容、发现以及专家的观点等。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. (这些情绪变化不仅会影响日常决策，还会影响更广泛的社会事件，如法庭判决、选举或公共卫生政策)”可知，在压力较大的季节，即春秋季，焦虑带来的情绪变化会影响社会决策。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. (然而，专家表示，这些数据主要来自西方富裕国家。心理学家Ivory Toldson警告说，虽然这些发现适用于富裕群体，但对于面临不同问题的marginalized来说，可能并不适用)”可知，marginalized  ones与wealthy groups形成对比，marginalized与Disadvantaged意思相近，指的是处于不利地位的群体，符合语境。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions. ” (以研究季节性情绪变化而闻名的精神病学家Norman Rosenthal说：“人类是季节性的生物。我们的内心感受直接影响我们的行为。”)”可知，Norman认为人类的行为会受到季节相关的内心感受影响，这与文章中季节影响道德价值观的观点一致，因此他对季节对人类行为的影响持支持态度。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. (某些价值观在春秋两季比在夏冬两季更受重视)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇指出某些价值观在春秋季比夏冬季更有分量，人类的情绪、饮食习惯等会随季节变化，接着介绍了一项研究表明道德价值观也会随季节变化，随后详细说明了研究内容、发现以及专家观点，核心围绕季节变化如何塑造道德价值观展开，A选项“季节与道德：自然节律如何塑造道德价值观”能够概括文章主旨。故选A项 Passage 4 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末） Novelists have different ways of describing laughter. Characters can wear a big smile, be all smiles, crack a smile, grin from ear to ear, break into a smile and so on. The richness of language may suggest that laughter has limitless diversity (多样性). However, it may be wrong. A new study led by Dr Roza Kamiloglu, provides evidence that there are just two main types of laughter: one generated when people find something funny and one that can be caused only through the physical act of tickling (挠痒痒). Dr Kamiloglu instructed assistants to collect 887 videos that were then classified (分类), ranging from tickle attacks to laughing for other factors. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to classify laughter by reasons. The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30% and correctly identified laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. All other forms of laughter, whether they came from viewing stand-up comedy or practical jokes, were difficult to tell apart. This suggested there was something unique about the tickling laughter. When Dr Kamiloglu ran the experiment again, asking human observers to classify the laughter, a similar result showed: Human observers correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2% of the time. The findings made scientists reflect on the roots of laughter. After all, humans are not the only animals that can laugh and tickle. This points to the fact that laughter from tickling evolved (演变) over 10 million years ago. This early sort of laughter probably evolved to help primates (灵长目动物) build friendly relations. As for other forms of laughter, they probably evolved millions of years after tickling, when human brain became complex enough to understand deeper meanings. 1．What does the underline word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The richness of human language. B．The approach to describing laughter. C．The idea of countless kinds of laughter. D．The complexity of classifying laughter. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The contents of the videos. B．The process of the research. C．The methods of generating laughter. D．The working principle of the algorithm. 3．What can we learn from the research findings? A．Tickling laughter evolved much later than others. B．All the forms of laughter are difficult to tell apart. C．Primates use tickling to build pleasant relationships. D．Humans’ laughter is far more complex than primates’. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Origin of Laughter: All Starts from Tickling. B．Laughter in Animals: How do Primates Build Relations? C．The Language of Laughter: How do Writers Describe Joy? D．Types of Laughter: Humans Laugh in Two Different Ways. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究发现笑声主要有两种类型，以及相关研究过程和起源等内容。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“The richness of language may suggest that laughter has limitless diversity (多样性). However, it may be wrong. (语言的丰富性可能表明笑声有无限的多样性。然而，这可能是错误的。)”可知，“it”指代前文提到的“笑声有无限多样性”这一观点。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Dr Kamiloglu instructed assistants to collect 887 videos that were then classified (分类), ranging from tickle attacks to laughing for other factors. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to classify laughter by reasons. The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30% and correctly identified laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. (卡米洛格鲁博士指示助手收集了887个视频，然后对这些视频进行了分类，范围从挠痒痒引发的笑到因其他因素引发的笑。这些视频中约70%被用来训练一种机器学习算法，根据原因对笑声进行分类。然后，该算法被要求对剩下的30%进行分类，在62.5%的情况下正确识别出了挠痒痒产生的笑声。)”以及“When Dr Kamiloglu ran the experiment again, asking human observers to classify the laughter, a similar result showed: Human observers correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2% of the time. (当卡米洛格鲁博士再次进行实验，让人类观察者对笑声进行分类时，出现了相似的结果：人类观察者对挠痒痒引发的笑声的正确识别率为 61.2%。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了研究的过程。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This early sort of laughter probably evolved to help primates (灵长目动物) build friendly relations. (这种早期的笑声可能是为了帮助灵长目动物建立友好的关系而进化来的。)”可知，灵长目动物用挠痒痒产生的笑声来建立愉快的关系。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“A new study led by Dr Roza Kamiloglu, provides evidence that there are just two main types of laughter: one generated when people find something funny and one that can be caused only through the physical act of tickling (挠痒痒). (罗扎·卡米洛格鲁博士领导的一项新研究提供了证据，表明笑声主要有两种类型：一种是人们觉得某事有趣时产生的，另一种是只能通过挠痒痒这一身体行为引起的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了笑声主要有两种类型，因此“笑声的类型：人类以两种不同方式笑”概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Dr. Llyr is a computer scientist but draws his inspiration from the natural sciences. His latest app is called Ocean Rift and it is the latest in a long line of animations (动画) influenced by science. Disney animators were encouraged to visit zoos or even bring animals into the studio to help make their animations more lifelike. But Llyr believes his app takes realism to a new level. “It’s about making virtual life,” he explains. “For example, in Ocean Rift the animals are not animated like in a Disney movie — it actually swims, it waves its tail, opens its mouth and closes its eyes.” Modelling animal was no easy task. Small animals like fish swim past you, but larger ones such as dolphins look at you and you can see their eyes move around. For Llyr, the dolphin is the most challenging animal to recreate because when you enter their habitat, they swim right up to you. He says, “you feel like they are breaking in your personal space as they are more than your arm’s width close to you. What happens then? Do they stay back? How often do they come up to you? It depends on how friendly it is.” The mobile edition also presented a challenge. “I am used to working with £2,000 — £3,000 machines,” he explains. “Smartphones are tiny computers, and of course you can’t put a fan on one.” Without the processing power and cooling systems of powerful desktop computers, the app needed improvement to make a mobile edition possible. Nowadays, Llyr is already working on the next edition. “It is divided into habitats, the dolphin habitat, whale one and so on and I will be adding more habitats.” And because he has done the hard work of making it work on a smartphone, when he transfers (传输) it back for bigger devices (设备) it can be more detailed. “It means I can have tens of thousands of fish all swimming around on the computer or on a PlayStation or whatever.” 1．How is the animation in Ocean Rift influenced by science? A．By visiting zoos for lifelike effects. B．By bringing animals into the studio. C．By using advanced methods to model real animals. D．By copying the animal behaviors from Disney films. 2．Why is it difficult to model dolphin according to Llyr? A．They are unfriendly with people. B．They move unpredictably. C．They like breaking into your place. D．They are too big to observe. 3．What does Llyr try to explain by mentioning “you can’t put a fan”? A．The limitation of the app for smartphones. B．The danger of overheating problems. C．The need for fans in smartphone. D．The power of cooling system. 4．What can we learn about Llyr’s next edition? A．It will apply new techniques. B．It will show more details. C．It will include more dolphins. D．It will work in rail station. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了计算机科学家Llyr受自然科学启发开发应用Ocean Rift，其动画极具真实感，制作有挑战，他正研发下一版本，将增加栖息地且细节更丰富。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“ His latest app is called Ocean Rift and it is the latest in a long line of animations ( 动画 ) influenced by science.(他最新开发的应用程序名为《海洋裂痕》，这是一系列受科学启发的动画作品中最新的一款)”和第二段“For example, in Ocean Rift the animals are not animated like in a Disney movie — it actually swims, it waves its tail, opens its mouth and closes its eyes.(例如，在Ocean Rift中，这些动物的动画效果并非像迪士尼电影那样夸张——它们真的会游动、摆动尾巴、张开嘴巴并闭上眼睛)”可知，Ocean Rift中的动画效果是通过运用先进的方法来模拟真实的动物而实现的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“For Llyr, the dolphin is the most challenging animal to recreate because when you enter their habitat, they swim right up to you. He says, “you feel like they are breaking in your personal space as they are more than your arm’s width close to you. What happens then? Do they stay back? How often do they come up to you? It depends on how friendly it is.”(对利尔来说，海豚是最难重现的动物，因为当你进入它们的栖息地时，它们会直接游向你。他说：“你会感觉它们正在侵犯你的私人空间，因为它们距离你不到你的手臂长度。接下来会发生什么呢？它们会退后吗？它们多久会靠近你一次？这取决于它们的友好程度。”)”可知，模拟海豚很困难是因为它们的行动方式难以预测。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The mobile edition also presented a challenge. “I am used to working with £2,000 — £3,000 machines,” he explains. “Smartphones are tiny computers, and of course you can’t put a fan on one.” Without the processing power and cooling systems of powerful desktop computers, the app needed improvement to make a mobile edition possible.(移动版也带来了新的挑战。“我习惯使用价值 2000 至 3000 英镑的电脑，”他解释道，“智能手机就是微型电脑，当然你没法在上面安装风扇。”由于没有强大台式电脑那样的处理能力和散热系统，这款应用程序需要改进才能实现移动版的推出)”可知，利尔提到“你不能安装一个风扇”时，意在说明智能手机应用程序的局限性。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nowadays, Llyr is already working on the next edition. “It is divided into habitats, the dolphin habitat, whale one and so on and I will be adding more habitats.” And because he has done the hard work of making it work on a smartphone, when he transfers (传输) it back for bigger devices (设备) it can be more detailed. “It means I can have tens of thousands of fish all swimming around on the computer or on a PlayStation or whatever.”(如今，利尔已经在着手制作下一版了。“它被划分为不同的栖息地，比如海豚栖息地、鲸鱼栖息地等等，而且我还会增加更多的栖息地。”由于他已经完成了让其在智能手机上运行的艰巨任务，所以当他将其传输到更大的设备上时（比如平板电脑或游戏机），画面会更加清晰。“这意味着我可以在电脑上、或者在PlayStation上，或者任何其他设备上看到成千上万条鱼在周围游动。”)”可知，利尔的下一部作品将会包含更多细节。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A Passage 2：1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C Passage 2：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B Passage 3：1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 2：1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A Passage 3：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B Passage 2：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 3：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 2：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A Passage 3：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 4：1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1：1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林延吉·期末） 2024 marks an exciting year for space exploration, with NASA’s Europa Clipper mission leading the way. This spacecraft, launched in October 2024, is set to completely change our understanding of Jupiter’s moon Europa — one of the most promising places to search for alien life in our solar system. Europa, covered in a thick layer of ice, is believed to hide a vast subsurface ocean (a liquid water layer beneath its icy surface) larger than Earth’s oceans combined. Scientists think this ocean could have the right conditions for life: water, energy (from tidal forces), and maybe even organic molecules (the building blocks of life). The Europa Clipper carries advanced tools to study Europa’s ice and ocean. One key instrument is a radar that can “see” through the ice, mapping the thickness of the frozen layer and detecting cracks where water might erupt onto the surface. Another tool will analyze gases and particles released during these “cryovolcanic” eruptions (eruptions of water, not lava) to check for organic compounds. Early data from the mission already suggests that Europa’s ice may have “chaos regions” — areas where the ice is cracked and mixed with liquid water — making it easier for organic materials to rise to the surface. While no direct evidence of life has been found yet, the Europa Clipper is laying the groundwork for future missions. If organic molecules are confirmed, it could mean Europa’s ocean is a habitable world — even if we don’t find actual life there, it would be a major step toward answering the question: “Are we alone in the universe?” 1．What is the main goal of NASA’s Europa Clipper mission? A．To land humans on Jupiter. B．To collect samples of Jupiter’s atmosphere. C．To study Europa’s icy surface and search for signs of habitability. D．To map the orbits of all Jupiter’s moons. 2．What does the underlined word “subsurface” in para.2 probably mean? A．Above ground. B．Under the ice. C．In the atmosphere. D．Between planets. 3．What is the passage mainly about? A．The history of Jupiter exploration. B．New discoveries about Europa’s surface from the Europa Clipper. C．How to build a spacecraft for deep space missions. D．Why Mars is no longer a focus of space research. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Europa Clipper mission? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末） The emissions (排放) from human influences affecting climate include heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane (甲烷), and nitrous oxide, and particles such as black carbon, which has a warming influence. Local climate can also be affected by other human factors and natural variability. Carbon dioxide has been building up in the atmosphere since the beginning of the industrial era in the mid-1700s, primarily due to burning coal, oil, and gas, and secondarily due to clearing of forests. Atmospheric levels have increased by about 40% relative to pre-industrial levels. Methane levels in the atmosphere have increased due to human activities including agriculture, mining coal, extraction (抽取) and transport of natural gas, and other fossil fuel-related activities. Since pre-industrial times, methane levels have increased by 250%. The conclusion that human influences are the primary driver of recent climate change is based on multiple lines of independent evidence. The first line of evidence is our fundamental understanding of how certain gases trap heat, how the climate system responds to increases in these gases, and how other human and natural factors influence climate. The second line of evidence is from reconstructions of past climates using evidence such as tree rings, ice cores, and corals. These show that global surface temperatures over the last several decades are clearly unusual, with the last decade warmer than any time in at least the last 1,300 years and perhaps much longer. The third line of evidence comes from using climate models to simulate (模拟) the climate of the past century, separating the human and natural factors that influence climate. When the human factors are removed, these models show that solar and volcanic activities would have tended to slightly cool the earth, and other natural variations are too small to explain the amount of warming. Only when the human influences are included do the models reproduce the warming observed over the past 50 years. 1．What do carbon dioxide and methane have in common according to this text? A．They smell bad. B．They can trap heat. C．They belong to fuels. D．They are from the same source. 2．How does the author illustrate the evidence of human influences on climate change? A．By listing. B．By showing data. C．By comparing. D．By giving examples. 3．What can be inferred about climate change from the last paragraph? A．Natural factors have a greater impact on climate change. B．Solar and volcanic activities tend to make the earth warm. C．Human influences have played an important part in it. D．The climate models can work well with human factors removed. 4．What does this text mainly talk about? A．The restoration of a cool climate. B．Human impact on climate and its evidence. C．The climate in the pre-industrial times. D．Measures to control carbon emissions. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） John Muir’s 1873 letter to his sister, describing Yosemite Valley, gave us the classic line “The mountains are calling and I must go.” This phrase has since become a motto (座右铭) for adventurers, while Yosemite itself inspired the creation of the National Park Service a century ago and still attracts visitors today. Yosemite attracts climbers and BASE jumpers, but there are plenty of fun activities on the ground. Sentinel Dome, a short yet steep climb, offers a breath taking 2,500-meter-high view. At the peak, you’ll be greeted by a 360-degree view of Yosemite’s famous spots. Half Dome’s sheer rock face stands grandly, while El Capitan, a hotspot for rock climbers, towers in the distance. Yosemite Falls rushes down the cliffs, creating a misty rainbow on sunny days. For an extended adventure, head to Taft Point. The cliffside views here are breathtaking, but remember to stay on marked paths for safety. Before setting out, it’s quite necessary to check the National Park Service’s official website for trail (线路) conditions, as weather can quickly change the landscape. Biking is an enjoyable way to explore the park. With about 20km of paved trails along the Merced River under sugar pines and a flat valley floor, it’s easy to ride. Just be prepared to stop often to photograph the beautiful waterfalls. As you bicycle, the sound of rushing water and the smell of pine trees will accompany you. For those who want a more absorbing experience, consider renting an e-bike to cover more ground with less effort. Since Yosemite’s water flows into San Francisco Bay, kayaking is a perfect addition to your trip. City Kayak offers hourly rentals for a quick paddle along the waterfront or guided half-day tours to landmarks like Alcatraz or the Golden Gate Bridge. Sail through the bay’s calm waters, spotting seals and seabirds along the way. 1．Why are John Muir’s words quoted? A．To stress Yosemite’s long-standing appeal. B．To prove his status as a famous naturalist. C．To show the origin of the National Park Service. D．To introduce his exploration of California. 2．What should visitors do before climbing Sentinel Dome? A．Rent climbing equipment. B．Take a local guide. C．Check trail conditions. D．Wear warm clothes. 3．What is “kayaking”, mentioned in the last paragraph? A．A tourist attraction. B．A water sport. C．A rental service. D．A guided tour. 4．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．Yosemite: Journey with Trails, Waterfalls, and Beyond B．Yosemite National Park: Discovering Hidden Beauties C．Yosemite: Where Nature’s Call Invites Adventure D．Yosemite National Park: Harmony of Scenery and Thrills Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古·期末） Philadelphia, often referred to as Philly, is a major city located along the Delaware River in Pennsylvania, a state in the northeastern United States. Founded in the 1680s by an Englishman William Penn, who also planned its layout (布局), the city was named Philadelphia—a word Penn understood to mean “city of brotherly love” in Greek. Philadelphia served as the nation’s capital from 1785 to 1790. Earlier, it was the capital of the American colonies (殖民地) during most of the Revolutionary War against Britain. Philadelphia became the central meeting place for the “Founding Fathers” who created the United States government. The buildings where they worked can be seen today in an area called the Old City, or Independence National Historical Park. The main building is Independence Hall. That was where colonial leaders declared independence and later debated the creation of a government. Near the park stands National Liberty (自由) Museum, housing over ninety paintings and sculptures, which represent the idea that liberty is a freedom that is easily broken. Several blocks away lies National Constitution (美国宪法) Center, a privately operated nonprofit museum that opened its doors in Philadelphia on July 4, 2003. The museum was created to elevate public recognition of the Constitution, its history and its importance today. Visitors here are presented with the idea that the most important part of American constitutional democracy (立宪民主) is the individual citizen. Philadelphia also offers plenty for visitors who are less concerned about history and more concerned about their stomachs. There are many food choices for foodies, including a typical sandwich—the Philly cheesesteak, usually made of thin pieces of meat covered with cheese, offered with onions and other toppings and served on a long roll. And where can the best Philly cheesesteak be found? That question is the subject of much debate—one way to settle it: try them all and decide for yourself! 1．What did William Penn do with Philadelphia? A．He brought in Greek traditions. B．He named it with his language. C．He ruined it and rebuilt it. D．He designed it in person. 2．What does paragraph 2 focus on about Philadelphia? A．Its historical place. B．Its main attractions. C．Its historical unrest. D．Its architecture style. 3．What does the underlined word “elevate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Debate. B．Protest. C．Increase. D．Puzzle. 4．What does the author want to do through the debate in the last paragraph? A．Doubt the local food. B．Make an invitation to visitors. C．Introduce a food recipe. D．Remind visitors to watch out for danger. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·辽宁沈阳·期末） Traditionally, older people struggle with new tech, but this doesn’t have to be the case. With proper design, even the most hesitant user can unlock its significant benefits. A primary barrier is a lack of understanding of technology and its advantages, coupled with difficulty many seniors face in using devices like smart phones or computers. This often causes them to hesitate to adopt new technology. This is a mistake. Older people themselves must decide whether they want to embrace new technology or miss out on its advantages. Indeed, technology-particularly through platforms like social media-offers seniors invaluable opportunities: connecting with new friends, staying in touch with old ones and acquiring new skills. When seniors do adopt technology, the reasons are typically twofold: they’re forced to do so and they want to make their lives easier. Understanding these motivations is crucial for anyone aiming to encourage tech adoption among older adults. Despite the increasing necessity of technology in modern life, some seniors resist, arguing, “I managed before without technology. Why do I need it now?” Furthermore, frustration is common. “It’s not working.” is a complaint co-author Lucia heard many times from her late father, especially when it came to his cell phone, and he used technology well for the most part. Specific issues, such as struggling with tiny keypads or reading small text message fonts (字体), were constant sources of difficulty. Addressing these issues requires better technology design tailored to seniors. Older users prefer simple, clear web pages with easy navigation. A previous study showed that many seniors like a website to be user-friendly with a simple interface (界面). As the study emphasized, “A simpler and more uniformly designed Internet would help to break down the psychological barriers faced by older users.” Although the study was conducted years ago, the problem with web design for senior users remains unresolved today, highlighting the ongoing need for age-friendly technological solutions. 1．Why do older people hesitate to embrace new techs? A．They have limited access to digital devices. B．They find hi-tech products challenging to operate C．They have a negative attitude towards all new technology. D．They lack the basic knowledge to maintain digital devices. 2．What can we learn from the example of Lucia’s father? A．Seniors usually struggle to read text messages clearly. B．Seniors refuse to use the small keypad on their phone C．Seniors often feel frustrated when using new technologies. D．Seniors always encounter hardware failures of smart phones. 3．What might be discussed in the next paragraph? A．Psychological barriers of seniors to adopt new technology. B．User-friendly solutions for fixing various computer problems. C．Further studies related to seniors’ dissatisfaction with hi-techs. D．Effective strategies for web designers to simplify website interfaces. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Unlocking Benefits: Why Seniors Need Technology? B．Breaking Barriers: Seniors Struggle with Tech Adoption. C．Embracing smart phones: A Reasonable choice for seniors D．Bridging the Tech gap: Designing Senior-friendly Technology 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） Ever wondered what happens to the recyclables you carefully sort and place in your bin? For years, recycling has been an important part of our efforts to reduce waste and protect the environment. However, the recycling industry has faced significant challenges, from rising costs to labor (劳动力)shortages. But what if technology could transform (改变) this process, making recycling faster, more efficient and actually effective? That’s exactly what AMP Robotics, a Colorado-based company, is working toward. At the heart of AMP’s advancement is its artificial intelligence platform, which uses deep learning to analyze millions of images of waste. This technology enables robots to identify recyclable materials by recognizing patterns in colors, textures, shapes and logos, spotting a single plastic bottle in a sea of trash faster than any human. AMP Robotics is not alone in applying the power of artificial intelligence to transforming waste management. Across Europe and the U. K. companies like Greyparrot and Recycleye are using AI technologies to improve sorting efficiency. Greyparrot uses cameras and machine learning to monitor waste streams in real time, providing detailed insights into material composition. This helps centers maximize resource recovery. Similarly, Recycleye uses robotic arms equipped with AI to automate sorting processes, increasing the purity of recovered materials and promoting productivity. AI applications go far beyond sorting lines. For instance, WestRock is using AI to design sustainable (可持续的) packaging that replaces plastics with fiber-based materials. Their advancements include creating packaging resistant (防……的) to water and oil while maintaining recyclability, helping brands make the turn to more eco-friendly solutions. Governments are also using AI-driven recycling systems, such as Tasmania’s $ 24 million materials recovery site, which processes recyclables from thousands of households using advanced AI systems. In metal recycling, AI is being used to predict market trends by analyzing large amounts of data on prices, supply, demand and trade patterns. This allows recyclers to regulate production based on anticipated (预期的) demand for specific metals. Together, these efforts illustrate how AI is transforming waste management globally, making recycling more efficient, sustainable and impactful. 1．How do robots in AMP Robotics recognize recyclables? A．By identifying patterns using deep learning. B．By measuring the size with digital cameras. C．By weighing the waste using an AI platform. D．By analyzing materials through metal sensors. 2．Why does the author mention Tasmania’s materials recovery site in Paragraph 5? A．To stress the huge cost of recycling. B．To praise the government’s great efforts in recycling. C．To illustrate how AI-driven recycling systems work. D．To show the wide application of AI in recycling. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph about AI in metal recycling? A．AI makes metal recyclers ignore market changes completely. B．Analyzing data on prices and supply is unnecessary for predicting market trends. C．Recyclers can adjust their production according to the expected demand for certain metals. D．AI’s prediction of market trends has no influence on the production of metal recyclers. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Rise of AI-Powered Robots B．AI: A Key to Reshaping Waste Management C．Labor Shortages and Cost Issues in Recycling D．Sustainable Packaging: A New AI-Driven Solution Passage 2 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） When you think of a robot, you might picture something with a lot of sensors (传感器), and inflexible metal arms controlled by a computer. But scientists at the AMOLF Institute have created a robot that has no brain and no sensors. It carries its own battery-powered pump (泵). And yet this robot can “walk” by itself. How is this possible? The team behind the robot says the secret is in the science of how air moves. If you’ve ever seen a “tube (管子) dancer” walking around, then you’ve seen the science that makes this robot work. Tube dancers are tall thin tubes of cloth, through which air is pumped. High pressure from the pumped air fills the tube, making it stand up. Similarly, the pressure caused by the flow of air is exactly what drives the robot. When the air starts to flow in the tubes, the tubes move in different ways. But very quickly, all of these “legs” start to move in exactly the same way, making the robot walk. The robot’s speed is controlled by the air pressure. There are several notable things about the robot. The first is its speed. The robot can cover a distance equal to thirty times the length of its body in a second. That would be like the world’s fastest man, Usain Bolt, running the 100-meter race in 9.58 seconds. The robot also adjusts smoothly to its conditions. It can go over uneven ground. If it runs into a wall, it naturally turns. Perhaps the most surprising is the fact that if the robot is dropped into water, it begins moving in a new way that allows it to swim. As there’s no brain, the scientists say their new invention is really just a machine. But it’s a machine that can do several complicated (复杂的) tasks that would normally require lots of very difficult programming for a robot. So far, the robot can conduct most of the tasks with ease. The researchers say that in the future they hope to develop new ways to control the robot and perhaps give it more skills. 1．Why is the tube dancer mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To stress the robot’s uniqueness. B．To present the inspiration for the robot. C．To introduce another impressive invention. D．To make the robot’s way of working easy to understand. 2．What enables the robot to move forward? A．The air pressure. B．The computer-controlled system. C．The human operator. D．The combination of batteries and sensors. 3．What can we learn about the robot from the text? A．It can beat Bolt in a running race. B．It requires complicated programming. C．It may have more functions added in the future. D．It features a higher intelligence level than other robots. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．The Sensor-Free Robot. B．The Energy-Saving Robot. C．The Science of Air Pressure. D．The Development of Robots. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Dilly Dally, a female loggerhead turtle who survived a run-in with a predator (捕食者) that cost her a front flipper (鳍肢), has been released from a Florida animal hospital back into the Atlantic Ocean. Dilly Dally, an adolescent loggerhead, first arrived at the Loggerhead Marinelife Center (LMC) in January after being attacked. Three weeks later, she went under the knife to remove the damaged flipper. Despite a few wound complications during her five-month stay at the hospital, Dilly Dally now joins fellow recovered loggerheads, Falafel and Scout, in their return to the wild. Dilly Dally, like other turtles treated and re-released by the LMC, will be tracked via satellite attached to her shell to chart her movements and monitor her adaptation to living in the wild. Organizations like the LMC help protect sea turtles like loggerheads, in the face of ongoing threats to the shrinking population — about 6.5 million. Worldwide, the animals and their eggs face the threat of illegal hunting, accidental catching and habitat damage. The World Wildlife Fund reports three of seven sea turtle species are endangered, including two that are listed as critically endangered. A 2023 study found “flipper amputation (截肢) is a well-known phenomenon in sea turtles,” and the creatures are able to recover well and relearn to swim. The paper concluded that among sea turtles who had suffered amputations, adult females were able to swim ashore in order to nest, but the damaged flippers put them at greater risk from land-based threats during the process. Dilly Dally is now swimming in the calm waves near the western coast of Florida, exploring the lively ocean world. Fans who want to learn about Dilly Dally and other sea turtles’ movements, can virtually follow her journey www.marinelife.mapotic.com. 1．Why is the satellite attached to Dilly Dally’ s shell? A．To measure ocean temperature and water quality. B．To prevent the turtle from being caught accidentally. C．To record her locations and observe her adaptation to the wild. D．To ensure she receives necessary medical treatment after release. 2．What can we learn from the third paragraph? A．Sea turtles face several threats. B．LMC mainly treats injured turtles. C．6.5 million sea turtles live in the wild. D．Loggerheads are the most endangered. 3．Why are adult female sea turtles mentioned in the 2023 study? A．To prove they recover faster from amputations. B．To show they are more likely to lose flippers. C．To suggest they need more medical attention. D．To stress they face higher risks when nesting. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．LMC’ s Sea Turtle Rescue Work B．Survival of a Loggerhead Turtle C．Dilly Dally’ s Journey back to the Ocean D．Sea Turtles Under Threat and Recovery 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁丹东·期末） Climate change is increasing the risk of wildfires in many regions of the world. This is partly due to specific weather conditions-known as fire weather-that facilitate the spread of wildfires. Researchers from the Helmholtz Centre have found that fire weather seasons are increasingly overlapping (重合) between eastern Australia and western North America. The west coast of North America and the east coast of Australia have been repeatedly hit hard by wildfires. For example, the January 2025 wildfire disaster in Los Angeles destroyed over 10,000 buildings and claimed 29 lives. The east coast of Australia was hit by one of the country’s most disastrous bush-fires between September 2019 and March 2020: more than 12 million hectares of forest burned. Firefighters from Canada, the US, and Australia have supported each other during these disasters. The greatest likelihood of overlap — around 75% — occurs between July and December. Overall, the number of overlapping fire days in eastern Australia and western North America has been increasing by one day per year for the past 40 years. “This is because the fire season in eastern Australia is starting earlier in spring and overlapping with the fire season on the west coast of North America,” explains Dr Andreia Ribeiro. This poses a challenge for cooperation between US, Canadian, and Australian fire services, which have long supported one another during wildfire emergencies. In the past, the fire seasons occurred at different times of the year: on the west coast of North America between June and October and in eastern Australia between October and March. These gaps provided enough time for teams to assist one another when needed. But these increasingly overlapping fire weather seasons in the US and Australia are narrowing the window for international cooperation and making it harder to respond quickly to large-scale wildfires. The research will contribute to the improvement of international firefighting cooperation and national firefighting capacities. Both Australia and the US will need to strengthen their firefighting capacities in order to reduce reliance on international cooperation. 1．What’s the function of the figures mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To prove the significance of forests. B．To explain the cause of the wildfires. C．To show the severity of the wildfires. D．To encourage the protection of forests. 2．What has led to the increasing overlap of fire weather days in the regions mentioned? A．The warming temperature around the globe. B．The extended fire season in western America. C．The high frequency of disasters in North America. D．The early arrival of the fire season in eastern Australia. 3．What is the consequence of the increasing overlap of fire seasons according to the passage? A．It will reduce the damage caused by wildfires. B．It will make international cooperation challenging. C．It will pave the way for quick response to wildfires. D．It will strengthen the support between US and Australia. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward the research? A．Opposed. B．Favorable. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·内蒙古·期末） You spend a third of your life asleep, a certain part of which involves dreaming. But most often, you don’t remember any of your dreams. While the exact reason of why we can hardly recall our dreams is not fully known, scientists have gotten some insight into memory processes during sleep, leading to several ideas that may explain our forgetfulness. You are awake, but is your hippocampus (海马体) awake? When we fall asleep, not all the brain’s regions go offline at the same time. Researchers have found one of the last regions to go to sleep is the hippocampus, a structure in the brain that is important for moving information from short-term memory into long-term memory. “If the hippocampus is the last to go to sleep, it could very well be the last to wake up,” said Thomas Andrillon, a neuroscientist at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. “So, you could have this window where you wake up with a dream in your short-term memory, but since the hippocampus is not fully awake yet, your brain is not able to keep that memory,” Andrillon told Live Science. While this might explain why dream memories are so fleeting, it doesn’t mean that your hippocampus has been inactive throughout the night. In fact, this region is quite active during sleep, and appears to be storing and caring for existing memories to strengthen them, instead of listening for incoming new experiences. Sometimes your dreams are just not memorable? Do you remember what you were thinking about this morning when brushing your teeth? Our minds wander all the time, but we get rid of most of those thoughts as unimportant information. Dreams, especially ordinary ones, may be just like daydreaming thoughts and believed by the brain to be too useless to remember. But dreams that are more vivid, emotional and coherent (连贯的) seem to be better remembered-perhaps because they cause more awakening, and their organized story makes them easier to store. If you are interested in improving your dream recall, there are a few tricks to try. One is drinking water before bed, because it will make you wake up at night to use the bathroom. These middle-of-the-night awakenings are frequently accompanied by dream recall. Repeatedly reminding yourself that you want to remember your dreams may increase your chances, and so does keeping a dream journal, some studies have suggested. Upon waking up, hang on to that fragile (脆弱的) dream memory: keep your eyes closed, stay still and replay the dream memory, until your hippocampus catches up and properly stores the memory. 1．You can’t remember your dreams when you wake up probably because ______. A．you are forgetful and poor in remembering things. B．your dreams are vivid, emotional and coherent. C．your brain needs to start up to move dreams into long-term memory D．your hippocampus is active in receiving new information 2．What can we learn about dreams from the passage? A．Dreaming means processing memory during sleeping. B．Dreams come from your hippocampus. C．We need special trainings to recall our dreams. D．Dreams are sometimes useless for us to remember. 3．Which of the following CANNOT help you to recall a dream? A．Improve the ability of your hippocampus to catch up information. B．Keep reminding yourself of the need to remember your dreams. C．Record what you can remember in your dreams upon awakening. D．Think back on the things in your dreams directly after you wake up. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．How to Train Your Brain to Remember Dreams. B．The Mystery of Dreaming: Why We Forget Our Dreams. C．The Role of the Hippocampus in Sleep and Memory. D．Dreams and Daydreams: Useless or Meaningful?. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·辽宁·期末） The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is the longest man-made river in the world. Starting in the capital Beijing, it passes through several provinces, linking China’s five main river basins (流域). The oldest parts of the canal date back to the 5th century BC, when it offered an important means of transportation and supply of food to the population. From ancient to modern times, the Grand Canal has been contributing to the country’s development. It represents the wisdom and determination of the Chinese people. In 2014, the Grand Canal was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List. China has taken many measures to protect and develop the Grand Canal and the areas around it. The construction of cultural and ecological (生态的) parks along the canal is one of the most important elements of protective measures. The Beijing section of the Grand Canal, located in Tongzhou, is one of the city’s popular tourist spots. The Grand Canal Forest Park was built along its shores, featuring deep forests and beds of flowers. Visitors enjoy camping, cycling and boat trips there, taking a vacation away from the fast pace of city life. Dezhou City is also taking advantage of the canal. Over the past 20 years, the city has insisted on non-commercial development on both sides of this section of the Grand Canal. The city has turned unused areas into gardens, and wastelands into wetlands along the riverbank—a series of measures aimed at restoring the original appearance of the canal. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has continued to serve as a link between northern and southern China. It also further promotes the economic, agricultural and ecological development of the cities and towns along its banks. 1．What can we learn about the Grand Canal? A．It connects five large provinces. B．It was completed in the 5th century. C．It used to be an tourist route. D．It shows great qualities of Chinese. 2．What do the protection measures for the Grand Canal mainly focus on? A．Transportation and environment. B．Culture and ecology. C．Commercialization and innovation. D．Tourism and economy. 3．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us about the Grand Canal? A．Its development. B．Its bright future. C．Its significant role. D．Its historical value. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Grand Canal: the Longest Man-made Project B．The Grand Canal: Bridge Linking Northern, Southern China C．The Grand Canal: Non-commercial Development Needed D．The Grand Canal: Transportation Function to Be Restored 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·辽宁丹东·期末） According to a new international study, “women consistently exhibit higher sensitivity to loud clicking noises.” Though it is believed that growing older can take a toll on your hearing, but more than your age, the study has revealed another biological factor that may influence how your ears respond to sound: your sex. When the ear is stimulated, researchers found the hairs inside the cochlea (耳蜗) of women were two decibels more sensitive than the cochlear hairs of men. The findings provide convincing evidence that the inner ears of women are more sensitive to sounds than the inner ears of men. “Age is a well-established factor in the decline of cochlear sensitivity,” write the authors, led by biologist Patricia Balaresque. “However, in our study, the effect of age is overshadowed by sex and environmental factors.” Using a click test called Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE), researchers analyzed the cochlear sensitivity of 448 healthy participants from five countries. In all the analytical models, sex was the main biological factor explaining inter-individual differences in TEOAE results. Age came second. When the authors turned to non-biological factors, they found where a person lived had a greater impact on their cochlear sensitivity than their age. Those who live in forest environments, for instance, tend to outperform those in urban environments. “Our findings highlight the need to consider both biological and environmental factors when studying hearing,” says Balaresque. Initial research indicates that as ages age, they lose their hearing twice as fast as females. Scientists still don’t understand why that is. Some have proposed that men are exposed to more damaging noises in their lives, but these new results suggest sex differences in sensitivity cannot simply be explained by age or by environmental exposure. This field of research remains relatively unexplored. The study is one of the first detailed investigations of what influences the sensitivity of the human inner ear. The sex-based differences the authors identified now need to be explored further. Identifying what drives hearing loss will be essential when it comes to offering hearing aids to diverse populations. 1．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean? A．Be of benefit to. B．Improve the function of. C．Have a negative effect on. D．Limit the development of. 2．What can be learned from the result of the TEOAE test? A．Only biological factors need to be considered. B．Age is the main reason for individual differences. C．environments have no influence on cochlear sensitivity. D．Sex is the key biological factor in inter- individual differences. 3．According to Balaresque, who is likely to have the best hearing? A．A teenage girl living in a remote village. B．A retired male professor living in London. C．An old lady working in a furniture factory. D．A mid- aged man living downtown in New York. 4．What can be concluded about the research from the last paragraph? A．It has achieved perfect results. B．It still needs to be studied further. C．It fails to find out the influencing factors. D．It offers hearing aids to diverse populations. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末） Most people can point to an experience in their lives where personal relationships have caused them emotional harm. However, does building better relationships with others have to involve the risk of getting hurt? One popular theory is the hedgehog’s dilemma, also called the porcupine’s dilemma. It has its roots in the thinking of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who proposed that, even with the best of intentions, humans harm each other when they attempt to have intimate and friendly relationships. It goes like this. One cold winter night, a group of porcupines gathered to keep warm, but they hurt each other with their quills, forcing them to move apart. When feeling cold, they moved closer, only to be hurt again. Repeatedly, they eventually found the ideal distance. So the theory ends with the advice: Keep your distance. However, keeping distance is not enough. If you’ve been hurt before, it might be that your quills are up, and you’ve fallen into defence(防御) mode. Hilary, a psychologist, points to some examples of common defence mode such as going blank and regarding the present reaction as criticism. Most of these defensive reactions originate from early experiences of hurt. “In treatments, if people can be helped to recognize the defences by tracking back through the personal experiences, they can be encouraged to be understanding. Then they, have a chance to change and not just repeat old behaviors,” Hilary suggests. “Defences need to be respected and not knocked down in one step. Removing one brick at a time from the wall is very important.” Unlike hedgehogs, humans don’t come with the quills built in. So, when we learn to lower our defences for safe, loving people, there’s a chance we actually can have it all. 1．Why does the author raise a question in the first paragraph? A．To give examples. B．To lead to a story. C．To inspire reflection. D．To express concern. 2．What does the underlined word “intimate” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Permanent. B．Detailed. C．Independent. D．Close. 3．What does Hilary advise people to do when bringing down defences? A．Address problems with patience. B．Avoid discussing past experiences. C．Immediately remove self-protection. D．Accept the behaviour without changing 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．Psychology Today. B．Wildlife Focus. C．Technology Review. D．Runner’s World. Passage 3 （24-25高一下·吉林长春·期末） Certain values carry more weight in spring and autumn than in summer and winter. As leaves fall, snow sweeps in or flowers blossom, humans change in measurable ways, too. Research suggests that emotions, eating habits, and even favorite colors vary across the year. And now a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA shows how moral values can also change. For the study, researchers examined over 230,000 online surveys collected over ten years, mainly from Americans, with smaller groups in Canada, Australia, and the U.K.. The surveys used a social science model called “moral foundations theory (道德基础理论)” which identifies five core values guiding human behavior. These include loyalty (staying true to one’s own group), authority (respecting leaders and rules), and purity (avoiding wrongdoing), classified as “group-focused values” as they help communities stay connected. The remaining two—care (protecting others from harm) and fairness (treating people equally)—are termed “self-focused values” concerning personal rights. One explanation for seasonal changes could be anxiety. Data from 90,000 surveys and internet searches indicate that anxiety peaks in spring and autumn. Psychologist Brian O’ Shea explains, “Anxiety makes people feel threatened, leading them to distrust outsiders and seek safety within their own groups.” These emotional shifts could affect not only everyday decisions but also broader social events such as court decisions, elections, or public health policies. However, experts say the data mostly come from rich Western countries. Psychologist Ivory Toldson warns that while these findings work for wealthy groups, they may not be true for marginalized ones facing different problems. Lead researcher Ian Hohm agrees the pattern doesn’t affect everyone equally, but notes that the study shows how seasons influence human psychology. “Humans are seasonal beings,” says psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal, known for studying seasonal mood changes. “Our inner feelings directly impact our actions.” This research reminds us that nature’s rhythms quietly guide our moral judgement. 1．What is the possible impact of anxiety during stressful seasons? A．Threatening safety of outsiders. B．Promoting respect for moral rules. C．Increasing focus on personal rights. D．Influencing social decision-making. 2．What does the underlined word “marginalized” in  Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Respected. B．Disadvantaged. C．Educated. D．Disabled. 3．What is Norman’s attitude toward seasonal impact on human behavior? A．Curious. B．Doubtful. C．Supportive. D．Reserved. 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Seasons and Morality: How Nature’s Rhythms Shape Moral Values B．Seasonal Changes: How They Affect People’s Anxiety Levels C．Humans as Seasonal Beings: The Impact of Mood on Actions D．Moral Foundation Theory: Five Core Values in Human Behavior Passage 4 （24-25高一下·辽宁大连·期末） Novelists have different ways of describing laughter. Characters can wear a big smile, be all smiles, crack a smile, grin from ear to ear, break into a smile and so on. The richness of language may suggest that laughter has limitless diversity (多样性). However, it may be wrong. A new study led by Dr Roza Kamiloglu, provides evidence that there are just two main types of laughter: one generated when people find something funny and one that can be caused only through the physical act of tickling (挠痒痒). Dr Kamiloglu instructed assistants to collect 887 videos that were then classified (分类), ranging from tickle attacks to laughing for other factors. About 70% of these videos were used to train a machine-learning algorithm (算法) to classify laughter by reasons. The algorithm was then asked to classify the remaining 30% and correctly identified laughter produced by tickling 62.5% of the time. All other forms of laughter, whether they came from viewing stand-up comedy or practical jokes, were difficult to tell apart. This suggested there was something unique about the tickling laughter. When Dr Kamiloglu ran the experiment again, asking human observers to classify the laughter, a similar result showed: Human observers correctly identified tickling laughter 61.2% of the time. The findings made scientists reflect on the roots of laughter. After all, humans are not the only animals that can laugh and tickle. This points to the fact that laughter from tickling evolved (演变) over 10 million years ago. This early sort of laughter probably evolved to help primates (灵长目动物) build friendly relations. As for other forms of laughter, they probably evolved millions of years after tickling, when human brain became complex enough to understand deeper meanings. 1．What does the underline word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The richness of human language. B．The approach to describing laughter. C．The idea of countless kinds of laughter. D．The complexity of classifying laughter. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The contents of the videos. B．The process of the research. C．The methods of generating laughter. D．The working principle of the algorithm. 3．What can we learn from the research findings? A．Tickling laughter evolved much later than others. B．All the forms of laughter are difficult to tell apart. C．Primates use tickling to build pleasant relationships. D．Humans’ laughter is far more complex than primates’. 4．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Origin of Laughter: All Starts from Tickling. B．Laughter in Animals: How do Primates Build Relations? C．The Language of Laughter: How do Writers Describe Joy? D．Types of Laughter: Humans Laugh in Two Different Ways. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （24-25高一下·内蒙古赤峰·期末） Dr. Llyr is a computer scientist but draws his inspiration from the natural sciences. His latest app is called Ocean Rift and it is the latest in a long line of animations (动画) influenced by science. Disney animators were encouraged to visit zoos or even bring animals into the studio to help make their animations more lifelike. But Llyr believes his app takes realism to a new level. “It’s about making virtual life,” he explains. “For example, in Ocean Rift the animals are not animated like in a Disney movie — it actually swims, it waves its tail, opens its mouth and closes its eyes.” Modelling animal was no easy task. Small animals like fish swim past you, but larger ones such as dolphins look at you and you can see their eyes move around. For Llyr, the dolphin is the most challenging animal to recreate because when you enter their habitat, they swim right up to you. He says, “you feel like they are breaking in your personal space as they are more than your arm’s width close to you. What happens then? Do they stay back? How often do they come up to you? It depends on how friendly it is.” The mobile edition also presented a challenge. “I am used to working with £2,000 — £3,000 machines,” he explains. “Smartphones are tiny computers, and of course you can’t put a fan on one.” Without the processing power and cooling systems of powerful desktop computers, the app needed improvement to make a mobile edition possible. Nowadays, Llyr is already working on the next edition. “It is divided into habitats, the dolphin habitat, whale one and so on and I will be adding more habitats.” And because he has done the hard work of making it work on a smartphone, when he transfers (传输) it back for bigger devices (设备) it can be more detailed. “It means I can have tens of thousands of fish all swimming around on the computer or on a PlayStation or whatever.” 1．How is the animation in Ocean Rift influenced by science? A．By visiting zoos for lifelike effects. B．By bringing animals into the studio. C．By using advanced methods to model real animals. D．By copying the animal behaviors from Disney films. 2．Why is it difficult to model dolphin according to Llyr? A．They are unfriendly with people. B．They move unpredictably. C．They like breaking into your place. D．They are too big to observe. 3．What does Llyr try to explain by mentioning “you can’t put a fan”? A．The limitation of the app for smartphones. B．The danger of overheating problems. C．The need for fans in smartphone. D．The power of cooling system. 4．What can we learn about Llyr’s next edition? A．It will apply new techniques. B．It will show more details. C．It will include more dolphins. D．It will work in rail station. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $