广东省云浮市九年级英语中考冲刺卷（人教版）

答案和解析 一、语法选择（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1. 答案：A 解析：have a deep understanding of是固定搭配，表示“对……有深刻的理解”，deep以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 考查知识点：冠词用法与固定搭配。 2. 答案：B 解析：arrive in后接大地点，如国家、城市等；arrive at后接小地点，China是国家，属于大地点。 考查知识点：介词与动词的固定搭配。 3. 答案：C 解析：once表示“曾经”，句子用一般过去时；主语I和invite是被动关系，即“被邀请”，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was invited。 考查知识点：一般过去时的被动语态。 4. 答案：C 解析：宴席的主位是给最重要的人准备的，此处表达最高级含义，用the most important。考查知识点：形容词最高级用法。 5. 答案：B 解析：interesting用来修饰事物，表示“令人感兴趣的”；interested用来修饰人，表示“感兴趣的”，本句修饰thing，用interesting。考查知识点：-ing形容词与-ed形容词辨析。 6. 答案：C 解析：此处用动词不定式to celebrate作目的状语，表示举办派对的目的是庆祝生日。 考查知识点：非谓语动词，不定式表目的。 7. 答案：A 解析：前半句“我迫不及待打开礼物”和后半句“朋友提醒不要立刻打开”是转折关系，用but连接。 考查知识点：并列连词用法辨析。 8. 答案：B 解析：make是使役动词，后接人称代词宾格作宾语，them指代前文的送礼物的人。考查知识点：人称代词宾格用法。 9. 答案：B 解析：空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作say的宾语，表示说话的内容，用what。 考查知识点：宾语从句引导词。 10. 答案：C 解析：carry是及物动词，后接名词作宾语，kindness是名词，意为“善意、善良”；kind是形容词，kindly是副词，均不符合语法要求。 考查知识点：词性转换与名词用法。 二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 11. 答案：B 解析：故事背景是战乱时期，主人公在照相馆工作是为了生存，survive表示“生存、存活”。考查知识点：动词词义辨析。 12. 答案：D 解析：be forced to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“被迫做某事”，符合日军逼迫他洗照片的语境。考查知识点：动词词义与固定搭配。 13. 答案：C 解析：照片清晰地记录了日军的残忍罪行，clearly表示“清晰地”，符合语境。考查知识点：副词词义辨析。 14. 答案：D 解析：这些照片像一块沉重的石头压在心里，weight表示“重量、重担”，符合文意。 考查知识点：名词词义辨析。 15. 答案：C 解析：get through the hard time是固定短语，意为“熬过艰难的时期”。 考查知识点：动词短语辨析。 16. 答案：B 解析：为了保护照片，他们制定了周密、仔细的计划，careful表示“仔细的、周密的”。 考查知识点：形容词词义辨析。 17. 答案：D 解析：在日军的监视下，他们每天都面临巨大的挑战，challenges表示“挑战”。 考查知识点：名词词义辨析。 18. 答案：A 解析：任何微小的错误都可能导致死亡，mistake表示“错误”，符合语境。 考查知识点：名词词义辨析。 19. 答案：B 解析：南京大屠杀是一段痛苦的、不应被遗忘的历史，painful表示“痛苦的”。 考查知识点：形容词词义辨析。 20. 答案：C 解析：这部电影让我们珍惜当下的和平，value表示“珍惜、重视”。 考查知识点：动词词义辨析。 三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） A篇 21. 答案：C 解析：文中明确提到团建游戏可以帮助大家玩得开心、增进了解、提升团队合作，没有提及强身健体。 考查知识点：细节理解。 22. 答案：D 解析：寻宝游戏的规则是最快完成最多任务的小组获胜。 考查知识点：细节理解。 23. 答案：众人手拉手围成圆圈，手臂交叉不松手，集体解开绳结的图片。解析：根据文中规则，所有人站成圈，左右手分别握住不同人的手，不松手解开结。 考查知识点：图文匹配与文本理解。 24. 答案：C 解析：雷区游戏需要道具和眼罩，是三个游戏中工具最多的；A选项错误，应在户外空地；B选项错误，每组一人戴眼罩；D选项文中未提及。 考查知识点：细节理解与信息对比。 25. 答案：A 解析：文末出现click here和网址，说明文本来自网站。 考查知识点：文章出处判断。 B篇 26.答案：用新鲜枣子和竹签制作，可旋转的游戏图片。解析：文中描述该游戏是用枣子和竹签制作，推动后旋转，旋转最久者获胜。 考查知识点：图文匹配与细节理解。 27. 答案：B 解析：文中提到作者小时候痴迷四驱模型车。 考查知识点：细节理解。 28. 答案：B 解析：三十年前的孩子们主要在户外玩耍。 考查知识点：细节理解。 29. 答案：D 解析：前文提到电子产品越来越多，承接上文应是它们占据了我们越来越多的时间。 考查知识点：语境逻辑与句子还原。 30. 答案：D 解析：作者呼吁大家放下电子设备，多花时间在户外。 考查知识点：主旨大意理解。 C篇 配对阅读 31. 答案：C 解析：Tony想要放松，林梅的风景画展能让人平静放松，匹配成功。 32. 答案：G 解析：Alice喜欢摄影，何薇的日常生活摄影展符合她的爱好。 33. 答案：A 解析：David喜爱苏州园林，苏州园林艺术展与之匹配。 34. 答案：F 解析：Eliza关注时尚，包含现代时尚元素的服装展与之匹配。 35. 答案：B 解析：Sam喜欢木雕，陕西木雕展与之匹配。考查知识点：信息匹配能力。 四、短文填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 36. 答案：attended 解析：表示“参加家长会”，事情发生在过去，用动词过去式。考查知识点：动词时态。 37. 答案：because 解析：后半句解释打75分的原因，用连词because。考查知识点：连词用法。 38. 答案：improve 解析：could后接动词原形，意为“希望提升分数”。考查知识点：动词词义与情态动词用法。 39. 答案：work 解析：want sb. to do sth.，work harder表示“更努力学习”。考查知识点：动词搭配。 40. 答案：process 解析：视频展示了整个活动的过程。考查知识点：名词词义。 41. 答案：boys 解析：some后接可数名词复数，指一些男孩。考查知识点：名词复数。 42. 答案：them 解析：gave后接人称代词宾格，指代孩子们。考查知识点：代词宾格用法。 43. 答案：quietly 解析：用副词修饰动词changed，表示“默默地改分”。考查知识点：副词用法。 44. 答案：Through 解析：表示“通过这次活动”，用介词Through。考查知识点：介词用法。 45. 答案：hopes 解析：主语是she，一般现在时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。考查知识点：时态与主谓一致。 五、读写综合（共25分） A. 回答问题（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 评分细则：每小题2分，信息完整准确、语法正确得2分；信息基本正确但有少量语法错误得1分；信息错误或未作答得0分。 46. 标准答案：It shows the rise of Chinese brands. 得分要点：必须包含the rise of Chinese brands。 47. 标准答案：It has a wild look, pointy ears and sharp teeth. 得分要点：包含wild look、pointy ears、sharp teeth三个核心特征。 48. 标准答案：Three reasons are mentioned. 得分要点：答出数量three。 49. 标准答案：Through social media and mystery boxes. 得分要点：包含social media和mystery boxes。 50. 标准答案：It’s not just a Chinese toy. It’s an art that speaks to the world. 得分要点：体现“不只是玩具，是走向世界的艺术”。 B. 书面表达（15分） 评分标准： 一档13-15分：要点齐全，语法正确，句式多样，衔接自然，字数达标； 二档10-12分：要点齐全，少量语法错误，表达基本流畅； 三档7-9分：要点缺失，语法错误较多，表达不连贯； 四档4-6分：仅少量相关内容，错误多，难以理解； 五档0-3分：作答无关或空白。 必答得分要点：介绍产品名称、阐述受欢迎原因、表达自豪感，三点缺一不可，缺失一点扣2-3分；语法错误每处扣1分，扣完为止；字数不足酌情扣分。 51.范文： Ladies and gentlemen, Good afternoon! I’m very glad to be here to give you a short speech. Today I want to introduce Chinese tea. It has a long history and is popular around the world. Chinese tea has excellent processing skills. Farmers pick and process the leaves carefully. It carries rich culture and shows good manners. Besides, drinking tea is good for health. I’m proud of Chinese tea. It is not only a drink but also a symbol of Chinese culture. I hope more people will love it. That’s all. Thanks for listening! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Sheet1 命题双向细目表 题号 题型 考查知识点 分值 难度系数 1 语法选择 冠词用法、固定搭配 1 0.7 2 语法选择 介词与动词搭配 1 0.7 3 语法选择 一般过去时被动语态 1 0.65 4 语法选择 形容词最高级 1 0.68 5 语法选择 ERROR:#NAME? 1 0.7 6 语法选择 动词不定式作目的状语 1 0.65 7 语法选择 连词辨析 1 0.7 8 语法选择 人称代词宾格 1 0.7 9 语法选择 宾语从句引导词 1 0.6 10 语法选择 词性转换、名词用法 1 0.65 11 完形填空 动词词义辨析 1 0.68 12 完形填空 动词词义与固定搭配 1 0.65 13 完形填空 副词词义辨析 1 0.68 14 完形填空 名词词义辨析 1 0.65 15 完形填空 动词短语辨析 1 0.6 16 完形填空 形容词词义辨析 1 0.65 17 完形填空 名词词义辨析 1 0.68 18 完形填空 名词词义辨析 1 0.7 19 完形填空 形容词词义辨析 1 0.7 20 完形填空 动词词义辨析 1 0.68 21 阅读理解 细节理解 2 0.7 22 阅读理解 细节理解 2 0.68 23 阅读理解 图文匹配、文本理解 2 0.65 24 阅读理解 细节理解、信息对比 2 0.6 25 阅读理解 文章出处判断 2 0.7 26 阅读理解 图文匹配、细节理解 2 0.65 27 阅读理解 细节理解 2 0.7 28 阅读理解 细节理解 2 0.68 29 阅读理解 语境句子还原 2 0.6 30 阅读理解 主旨大意 2 0.55 31 阅读理解 信息匹配 2 0.7 32 阅读理解 信息匹配 2 0.7 33 阅读理解 信息匹配 2 0.7 34 阅读理解 信息匹配 2 0.68 35 阅读理解 信息匹配 2 0.68 36 短文填空 动词时态（一般过去时） 1.5 0.68 37 短文填空 连词用法 1.5 0.7 38 短文填空 动词词义、情态动词用法 1.5 0.65 39 短文填空 动词搭配 1.5 0.7 40 短文填空 名词词义 1.5 0.68 41 短文填空 名词复数 1.5 0.7 42 短文填空 代词宾格 1.5 0.7 43 短文填空 副词用法 1.5 0.65 44 短文填空 介词用法 1.5 0.68 45 短文填空 时态、主谓一致 1.5 0.6 46 回答问题 细节查找 2 0.68 47 回答问题 细节描述 2 0.65 48 回答问题 信息归纳 2 0.7 49 回答问题 细节查找 2 0.68 50 回答问题 细节理解 2 0.6 51 书面表达 要点写作、语言运用、文化表达 15 0.55 $ 广东省云浮市九年级英语中考冲刺卷 （满分90分 时间90分钟） 一、语法选择。(原创）本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 China is a country of etiquette (礼仪). I'm working here as a foreign teacher and I'm leaving soon. After these eight months, I really have 1 deep understanding of Chinese culture and society. Everything was new to me when I first arrived 2 China. As for seats at the table, Chinese people have their own culture. Once, I 3 to a big dinner at a restaurant. Before dinner, someone showed me to take the seat of honor that was ready for 4 person. It faced the door. I found another 5 thing. Chinese people like giving gifts in pairs, like two boxes of sweet mooncakes. Last month, I had a party at my apartment 6 my birthday with three friends. Each of them brought two gifts. I couldn't wait to open them, 7 one of my friends reminded me not to do that right away. "We usually open gifts later," he explained softly. He thought it was impolite to open gifts in front of the givers, as it might make 8 feel uneasy if I didn't seem excited enough. These are amazing days full of cultural experiences. I've learned so much from small daily things— 9 people usually say to greet others, how they pour tea for guests. Every little act carries 10 . I believe this stay in China will not be my last. I expect to come to China again. ( ) 1. A. a B. an C. the ( ) 2. A. of B. in C. to ( ) 3. A. invited B. am invited C. was invited ( ) 4. A. important B. more important C. the most important ( ) 5. A. interested B. interesting C. interest ( ) 6. A. celebrate B. celebrating C. to celebrate ( ) 7. A. but B. and C. though ( ) 8. A. they B. them C. their ( ) 9. A. how B. what C. why ( ) 10. A. kind B. kindly C. kindness 二、完形填空。(原创)本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 In 1937, Nanjing, the capital of China at that time, fell into the hands of Japanese invaders(侵略者)．The story told by the movie Dead To Rights took place during this time. A group of strangers gathered at Jixiang Photo Studio for safety. Among them was a young postman named Su Liuchang. In order to   11 ， he decided to be a worker in the studio. Su Liuchang was   12 to print photos for a Japanese soldier. To his great shock and fear, he discovered photos that   13 showed the Japanese soldiers' cruel crimes(残忍的罪行) during the Nanjing Massacre(大屠杀)．These photos were like a heavy   14 in his heart, making him realize that he couldn't just think about his own safety. The people in the studio, at first, only wanted to   15 the hard time. But as they saw more crimes, they decided to take action. They made a   16 plan to keep these photos safe and pass them on, which could prove the truth of the massacre. They faced   7 every day. Japanese soldiers were always around, and any small   8 could lead to death. But they didn't give up. Their love for the country and the strong will to protect the truth kept them going. Dead To Rights helps us remember a(n)   9 history that we should never forget. It also makes us   10 today's peace and understand the importance of standing up for the truth. （　 ）11. A. relax B.survive C.leave D.fight （　 ）12. A. avoided B.cancelled C.reminded D.forced （　 ）13. A. patiently B.quickly C.clearly D.hardly （　 ）14. A. secret B.task C.problem D.weight （　 ）15. A. get up B.look up C.get through D.look through （ 　）16. A. simple B.careful C. useless D.possible （ 　）17. A. messages B.examples C.worries D. challenges （　 ）18. A. mistake B.success C.progress D.decision （ 　）19. A. wonderful B.painful C.interesting D.famous （　 ）20. A. enjoy B.miss C.value D.forget 三、阅读理解。（原创）（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） 请阅读A、B两篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。 A Outdoor Team Building Games Team bonds and connections are the basis（基础）of good teamwork. Team-building games are a great way to help groups get to know each other better, have fun and improve teamwork. These team-building games will ensure you and your team have a great time outdoors! ◎ Scavenger Hunt（寻宝游戏） Time: 1+ hours Group size: Two or more people Tools needed: Pens and paper Rules: Break the group into teams of two or more. Make a list of simple tasks for each team to do as a group. Tasks can include taking a photo with a stranger, taking a picture of a building, etc. The group that completes the most tasks the quickest wins! ◎ Human Knot Time: 15-30 min Group size: 8-20 people Tools needed: None Rules: Have everyone stand in a circle facing one another. Tell everyone to put their right hands out and take someone’s hand across from them. Then, tell them to put their left hands out and take another hand from a different person. Within a set time limit, the group needs to free the knot of arms without releasing（放开）their hands. ◎ The Mine Field Time: 15-30 min Group size: 4-10 people Tools needed: Various objects, several blindfolds（眼罩） Rules: Find an open space and place the objects across it. Have everyone pair up, and make one person put on the blindfold. The other person must lead his/her teammate from one side of the open space to the other without stepping on the objects. If you need more interesting team building games, click here or visit us at wrike.com ( )21. Team building games can NOT help teammates to ______. A. have a good time B. improve teamwork C. build up their bodies D. better know each other ( )22. Who will win the Scavenger Hunt? A. The group which takes the most pictures. B. The person who completes the most tasks. C. The person who finishes tasks quicker than the others. D. The group which completes the most tasks the quickest. ( )23. Which of the following is Human Knot?（新考法·图文匹配） ( )24. Which of the following is TRUE about The Mine Field? A. It should take place in a large hall. B. Each person should wear a blindfold. C. It needs the most tools among the three games. D. The leaders of the groups should be quiet in the game. ( )25. Where is the passage most probably taken from? A. A website. B. A newspaper. C. A magazine. D. A guidebook. B While reading an art magazine recently, I came across Children at Play in an Autumnal Garden (《秋庭戏婴图》). It was painted by Su Hanchen, a painter from the Song Dynasty. The painting shows a boy and a girl playing a game called spinning dates. Take a fresh date and cut off half the fruit. Use three bamboo sticks to let it stand on a table. Then, stick a date to each end of a longer stick and balance it. Players take turns giving the stick a push. Whoever makes it spin the longest wins. The painting made me think of my own childhood. Nearly thirty years ago, computers and smartphones hadn’t yet taken over people’s lives. Apart from watching cartoons on TV, we had a lot of fun outdoors. The girls loved skipping rubber bands (跳皮筋). We boys were crazy about four-wheel-drive model cars. Another popular toy for both boys and girls was the yo-yo ball. We’d compete to see who could keep the ball rolling for the longest time. Sadly, over the years, more and more screens have entered our daily lives. ▲ But when I look back on my childhood, it’s not the video games or short videos that first come to mind. Instead, it’s four-wheel-drive cars, the yo-yos and the time spent outdoors. How do you usually play in your free time? If you happen to be looking for ways that will allow you to leave your computer or smartphone behind, you may ask your parents to introduce you to some of their childhood games. Or, would you like to try out spinning dates like in Su’s painting? ( )26. Which of the following is the game in Su Hanchen’s picture?(新考法·图文匹配) ( )27.What was the writer crazy about in his childhood? A.The yo-yo ball B.four-wheel-drive model cars. C.Watching cartoons on TV. D.Skipping rubber bands. ( )28.How did the children have fun thirty years ago? A.They played online. B. They played outdoors. C.They played on their own. D.They played in a competition. ( )29.Which of the following can be put in"________"in Paragraph 3? A. They make our lives much easier. B. Some games help us with our study. C. Children now prefer to play outdoors. D. They take up more and more of our time. ( )30.What does the writer want to tell us? A.People should try to have fun. B.People should play some fun games. C.People should value parent-child time. D.People should spend more time outdoors C 配对阅读。左栏是五个人的兴趣爱好，右栏是七个展览的介绍。请将二者进行匹配。选项中有两项为多余选项。 ( )31. Tony has been under a lot of pressure lately. He wants to go to anexhibition to kill time and make him relaxed. ( )32.Alice loves taking pictures. She prefers to record her life through pictures. ( )33. David is amazed by the beauty of Suzhou’s gardens. He plans to visit more exhibitions about gardens. ( )34. Eliza often pays attention to the latest fashion. She wonders if there is any exhibition about fashion. ( )35. Sam once learned to carve (雕刻) a wooden cat and has been in love with this skill since then. A. Suzhou Garden Art Exhibition shows many works about Suzhou’s gardens, such as paintings and small models. B. This exhibition is about Shaanxi woodcarving. It shows over 80 woodcarving pieces. It also tells visitors how to do basic woodcarving. C. Artist Lin Mei’s landscape (风景) painting exhibition shows quiet mountains and lakes. Looking at her paintings can help people feel calm and relaxed. D. The “Colorful Cloths” Exhibition gathers many traditional cloths from 12 provinces in China, like bright brocade (织锦) and soft cotton cloth. It also shares stories behind these cloths. E. Young artist Zhou Tao’s exhibition uses sounds, lights and small sculptures (雕塑) to make a “dreamy space” for visitors. F. There is an exhibition held by designers Li Jia and Wang Yue. It shows clothes with modern fashion elements and traditional Chinese patterns, like cloud and dragon patterns. G G.Photographer He Wei’s “Daily Life” exhibition shows over 100 photos of people’s daily life, such as family dinners and park walks. 四、短文填空。（原创）本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余选项。  process   they   hope   through   quietly   work    unless  attend   improve   boy   with   because  At Caihe Middle School in Hangzhou, there was a special parent-teacher meeting. Many mums 36. ______ the meeting. Ms. Chen, the teacher, surprised the mums by asking them to give their children scores. Only one mum gave a perfect 100, while many gave around 70. One mum explained, “At first, I gave my son 75 37. ______ I thought about his exam results, even though I knew he was working hard.” Another mum who also gave her daughter 75 wished she could 38. ______ more. Many mums said they wanted their children to 39. ______ harder and more actively. Actually, the students were asked to give scores to their mums too. The video showed the 40. ______. “Every child gave their mums a high score, and some 41. ______ even gave 520 or 5201314,” Ms. Chen said. “These kids are usually quite naughty(淘气的). Maybe their mums gave 42. ______ 70 because of that. But they show deep love to their mums.” After watching the video, many mums 43. ______ changed the scores to a perfect 100. 44. ______ this activity, the mums could feel that their children’s love for them is deep and unconditional (无条件的). And all the children love their mums a lot. She 45. ______ the parents will realize that helping children grow into people with a strong heart and a love for life is more important. Parents need to understand that exam scores are not everything. 五、读写综合。（本大题分为A、B两部分，共25分） A. 回答问题（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 In recent years, a cute toy doll named Labubu has taken the world by storm. From Paris to New York, young people line up outside shops to buy this little monster with sharp teeth. But behind its global success lies an exciting truth: the rise of Chinese brands (品牌). Labubu was created by Long Jiasheng, a Hong Kong artist working for a Chinese toy company. Unlike the old “Made in China” label (标签) which meant cheap products, Labubu means “Created in China”—original designs (原创设计) full of imagination. Why has it won hearts worldwide? First, it mixes traditional culture with modern art. Labubu’s wild look comes from Chinese folk stories and Northern European legends (神话). Its pointy (尖尖的) ears and sharp teeth drive young people around the world crazy. Second, the toy company uses clever marketing plans. Through social media and mystery boxes (blind boxes), they make buying toys like a fun game. Finally, it connects with young people’s love for self-expression. Collecting Labubu isn’t just owning a toy; it’s sharing joy with a community. Labubu’s journey shows how Chinese brands are changing. They no longer just make things for others—they create their own stories. As one fan in Paris said, “It’s not ‘just a Chinese toy’. It’s an art that speaks to the world.” 46. According to the passage, what does Labubu’s success show? ____________________________________________________________________________ 47. What does Labubu look like? ____________________________________________________________________________ 48. How many reasons are mentioned in this passage for the success of Labubu? ____________________________________________________________________________ 49. How does the toy company make buying toys fun? ____________________________________________________________________________ 50.What does the fan in Paris think about Labubu? ____________________________________________________________________________ B. 书面表达 51.假设你是李华，准备参加“国际青少年文化论坛”。在论坛上，你将代表中国青少年介绍一种具有中国文化特色的产品，如：中国丝绸、中国茶叶、中国瓷器（porcelain）……请你根据以下思维导图的提示，写一篇发言稿。 介绍中国文化特色产品的发言稿   阐述其受欢迎的原因 1. 精湛的工艺 2. 文化寓意 3. …… 简要介绍该产品 1. 名称 2. …… 表达你的自豪感 ...... 注意： (1) 可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 (2) 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名和考生的真实姓名。 (3) 语句连贯，词数80左右。作文开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 Ladies and gentlemen, Good afternoon! I’m very glad to be here to give you a short speech.____________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for listening! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $