专题02 过去分词（培优讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习高效培优系列

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦过去分词核心考点，涵盖作定语、补语、状语、表语四大句法功能及省略句、独立主格两大特殊结构，按考情分析、基础梳理、重难突破、分层集训逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点统计解读、核心知识导图梳理、真题再现与解题技巧指导、分层练习巩固等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，精准突破高频难点。 资料以高考命题规律为导向，突出考情解读与考法预测，如针对作定语高频考点设计真题解析与模拟训练，通过对比过去分词与现在分词、谓语被动语态的用法差异培养学生思维品质，分层集训（基础演练、能力进阶）满足不同学生需求，助力提升语言运用能力和应考效率，为教师把控复习节奏、实现精准教学提供有力支持。

专题02 过去分词（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 考查-ed分词作定语 重难02 考查-ed分词作补语和状语 重难03 考查-ed分词用于省略句 重难04 考查-ed分词作表语 重难05 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 核心考点 题型 过去分词 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 2026·全国II卷 2026·浙江1月 2025 2025·全国II卷 left 作定语 2025·浙江1月 / / 2024 2024·新课标I卷 inspired 作定语 2024·新课标II卷 / / 2024·全国乙卷 / / 2024·全国甲卷 / / 2024·年浙江1月 designed 作后置定语 2023 2023·新课标I卷 recognized 作定语 2023·新课标II卷 / / 2023·全国乙卷 built 作定语 2023·全国甲卷 intended 作定语 2023·年浙江1月 surrounded 作后置定语 2022 2022·新课标I卷 / / 2022·新课标II卷 / / 2022·全国乙卷 / / 2022·全国甲卷 held 作定语 2022·年浙江6月 / / 2022·年浙江1月 / / 考情解读 命题规律： 近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查基本在名词上共计8次： 1.考查频次稳定，是语法填空高频考点，历年多套试卷均有涉及。 2. 核心考向高度集中，主要考查过去分词作定语，包含前置定语与后置定语两大形式。 3. 命题选材贴合语境，选取常用实义动词变形，侧重考查非谓语动词被动、完成的核心语义特征，极少设置生僻词汇。 4. 区分谓语动词与非谓语动词，判断分词所作句子成分。 备考策略 1.掌握过去分词的基本用法。 2.掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。 3.掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。 4.辨析谓语被动语态语过去分词。 命题预测 2027年高考英语语法填空对过去分词的句法功能仍将是考查的重点热点。另外V-ed与V-ing的辨析，V-ed与谓语动词的辨析仍然是考查重点。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 过去分词的基本意义 它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。 过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者；或者表动作在谓语动词发生之前已经完成。 知识点1过去分词的形式：规则变化 + 不规则变化 1. 动词的过去分词规则变化如下表所示 动词特征 变化规则 读音 例词 一般动词 加-ed 在清辅音后读 [t] look—looked—looked [lukt] 在浊辅音和元 音后读[d] call—called—called [kɔ:ld] stay—stayed—stayed [steid] 在[t],[d]后 读[id] want—wanted—wanted [wɔntid] need—needed—needed ['ni:did] 以字母e结尾 加-d 读[d] live—lived—lived [livd] 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾 y变1加-ed 读[id] study—studied—studied ['stʌdid] 以“元音字母+y” 结尾 加-ed 读[d] play—played—played [pleid] 末尾只有一个辅音 字母的重读闭音节 双写该辅音字 母，再加-ed 读[t] stop—stopped—stopped [stɔpt] 以r音节结尾 双 写 r , 再 加-ed 读[d] prefer—preferred—preferred [pri'fə(r)d] 2. 动词不规则常见四大变化类型如下表所示: 类型 规律说明 原形→过去式→过去分词 高频例词 AAA型 三式同形 cut → cut → cut put, set, hit, let, cost, hurt, shut, spread ABB型 过去式 = 过去分词 bring → brought → brought buy, fight, think, catch, teach, keep, sleep, feel, leave, meet, tell, sell, hold, have, make, hear, find, lose, get（美式gotten） ABC型 三式各不相同 speak → spoke → spoken write→wrote→written, drive→drove→driven, rise→rose→risen, break→broke→broken, choose→chose→chosen, forget→forgot→forgotten, begin→began→begun, sing→sang→sung, ring→rang→rung, drink→drank→drunk, swim→swam→swum ABA型 原形 = 过去分词 come → came → come become, run, overcome （具体见文档后附录188个高考必背不规则动词的过去式/过去分词背诵表） 知识点2 过去分词的句法功能（4大核心功能） 功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 V-ed X X √ √ √ √ 1. 作定语 1）过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作，单个过去分词作前置定语。 例1. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. 在乌干达，瑞恩终于亲眼见到了完成了的水井。 例2. The lost time can never be found again.逝去的时间永远也找不回来了。 例3.I need to fix the broken window before it rains. 我需要在下雨前修好那扇破窗户。 例4.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 2）过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。相当于省略了关系代词+be动词的定语从句。 例1.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. =The meeting, which was attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 例2.The houses built last year are for the teachers. =The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher. 这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。 2. 作表语 1）过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。常见动词如： 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 amazed（感到惊讶的）； bored（感到无聊的）； confused（困惑的）； delighted（开心的）； depressed（低落的）； determined（下定决心的）； disappointed（失望的）； excited（兴奋的）； embarrassed（尴尬的）； exhausted（筋疲力尽的）； frightened（令人惊骇的）； frustrated（消沉的）； interested（感兴趣的）； satisfied （满意度）； surprised（吃惊的）； moved（感动的） The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。 2）be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如： gone消失了，不在了； fallen落下的；known著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。 例1.They got discouraged when they failed again.再次失败时，他们感到沮丧。 例2.The children were excited about the upcoming trip.孩子们对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。 3）现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 例1.Her story sounds interesting, so I’ll listen carefully.她的故事听起来很有趣，我会仔细听。 例2.The math problem seems confusing to most students.这道数学题对大多数学生来说显得复杂。 3.作补语 过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词： 1）表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel等后。 例1. I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 例2. I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 2）表示“致使”等使役意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 例1. He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。 3）with的复合结构中。 A.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作； B.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作； C.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 例1. With his homework finished, he went to the park to play. 作业写完了，他便去公园玩了。 例2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。 例3.With the problem solved, we all felt relieved.问题解决了，我们都松了口气。 【知识拓展一】 一、感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel后接宾补三种形式接的异同点 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动，完成) 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行) 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。 To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动，无时间性) 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。 【知识拓展二】 使役动词＋宾语＋宾补宾补三种形式接的异同点 ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow.我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 温馨提示　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 ④get＋宾语＋ She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。 I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。 【知识拓展三】 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 4.作状语 过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词作状语可以表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等。 Completed, the bridge will be open to traffic.建成后，这座桥将通车。(表时间) Encouraged by his teacher, he decided to try again.受到老师的鼓励后，他决定再试一次。(表原因) Compared with other candidates, she is more qualified.如果与其他候选人相比，她更合适。(表条件) He fell from the bike, hurt seriously. 他从自行车上摔下来，结果受了重伤。(表结果) She sat in the corner, dressed in a red coat. 她坐在角落里，穿着一件红外套。(表方式) Defeated many times, he didn't lose heart.尽管多次被击败，他并没有灰心。(表让步) 注意： (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 (2)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 Defeated by the competitor,he was greatly let down. 被队友击败了，他极度失望。 【知识拓展一】 1. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂逻辑＂方面的差异： 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂时间＂方面的差异： 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生或在说话时正在进行； 现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个＂主动＂动作； 现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个＂被动＂动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good！因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！ Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。 Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.（表示动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生） 在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.（表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前） 我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。 【知识拓展二】 “be+过去分词+介词”短语作状语时，be动词省略，直接用过去分词作状语。如： 1)“be+过去分词+in”类短语： 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着… 2)“be+过去分词+with”类短语： be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着… 3)“be+过去分词+to”类短语： be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余… 例1. Absorbed in painting, he spent the whole afternoon in the studio.他全神贯注于绘画，在画室里度过了整个下午。 例2. Faced with the emergency, she immediately called for help.面对紧急情况，她立刻呼救。 例3. Exposed to loud noise daily, workers here often have hearing problems.每天暴露在噪音中，这里的工人常出现听力问题。 知识点3 过去分词的2大特殊结构 1. 用于省略句 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 例1. When（it is）completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。 例2. Though( he was )warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然有人警告他小心点，他还是在薄冰上滑冰。 例3. When (I was) walking in the park, I found a lost cat.在公园散步时，我发现了一只迷路的猫。 例4. Unless (it is) repaired immediately, the machine may break down.除非立即被修理，否则机器可能故障. 易错提醒： before和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。 例1.They had a short discussion before making the final decision.做最终决定前，他们进行了简短讨论。 例2.After finishing his homework, he went out to play.完成作业后，他出去玩了。 例3.The contract will be signed by both parties before being made public.这份合同在被公开之前将由双方签署。 2.用于独立主格结构 “名词/代词+过去分词”中，名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语，与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，是分词动作的承受者，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 例1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。 = Because all our savings had been gone... 例2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it. 专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力全用在上面了。 例3. Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed. 很多事情处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。 重难・核心突破 重难01 考查-ed分词作定语【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1.（2025年全国二卷） If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 2.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built__ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 3. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____have started___ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs _______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 1.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ___to___ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system of ring roads. 【考法预测】 1.(2026·福建省福州市八县(市)协作校高三上学期期中联考)The materials ______ (use)​ in Chinese painting, the brush, ink or pigment, paper or silk, etc., have determined its character and development over thousands of years. 2.(2026·河北省唐山市十校高三上学期12月期中) This play is a famous Chinese story ______ (pen)​ by Tang Xianzu, adapted by the University of Birmingham. 3.【2026·四川成都市彭州市彭州中学高三上学期期末】The history of the computer is a story of constant miniaturization and increasing power. The journey began with machines like the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), 1 (build) in 1945. 重难02 考查-ed分词作补语和状语（中频考点） 【真题再现】（2025年北京卷） When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 【考法预测】 1．（2026高三下·湖南长沙·专题练习 With multiple distance options available, participants can choose (base) on their experience levels and personal goals. 2．（2026高三上·河南鹤壁·专题练习） (launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey, this survey covered over 12 sq km. 3.（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself (stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well. 重难03 考查-ed分词用于省略句（中频考点） 【真题再现】【2023年北京卷】When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【考法预测】 1.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Although largely (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands. 3．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）When (ask) about his future plan, the graduate said he intended to pursue further study abroad. 重难04 -ed分词作表语（低频考点） 【真题再现】Please remain (seat) ; the car is turning around a sharp turn. 【考法预测】 1.（2026高三·河南鹤壁·专题练习）She worked hard for three years and finally got (admit) to her dream university. 2.Although it has been buried underground for over 1,000 years, the ancient queen’s body remains well (preserve). 重难05 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构（低频考点） 【真题再现】（2026高三·全国·专题练习）My son went out to play football, his lessons (finish) for the day. 【考法预测】 1.（25-26高三下·全国·一轮复习）He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans (include). 2.（25-26高三下·全国·一轮复习）The university (appoint) a Nobel Prize winner as honorary professor, its international reputation was significantly enhanced. 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 【2026·广东深圳市光明区上学期高三期末调研】To further protect them, scientists developed a four-legged robot 25 (arm) with cameras and artificial intelligence (AI). (2026·江苏省泰州市姜堰区高三上学期11月期中) The Changzhou comb is a type of hand-painted comb ______ (produce)​ in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. (2026·福建省名校联盟高三上学期期中考)These gray-and-white robots, ______ (arm)​ with cameras and sensors, mark the latest innovation in Beijing's effort to build a smarter and safer city. 4.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习） (Operate) from the ground, the drone minimizes risks, resists level-7 winds, and can work on rainy days, addressing the high accident rate and weather limitations of traditional methods. 5．（25-26高三上·河北衡水·月考）The woman driver had her car (trap) in the mud for three hours before the rescue workers arrived. 6．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 7.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Once (use) for books and tea packs, mulberry paper has a smooth touch and a long life, which keeps words safe across time. 8.（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）We all need to get (involve) in saving energy whether it’s at work, at home, or at school. 9．（25-26高三下·北京·二轮复习）If you decide to major in a social science, you should expect to conduct your own research and keep yourself (equip) with related information. 10.（25-26高三下·河北衡水·月考） (beat) down by failure and self-doubt, he nearly gave up. But a gentle voice from behind pulled him back from the edge. 能力进阶 1.【2026·河北省名校协作体高三上学期12月期中】A growing number of visitors are flooding into the Suzhou Silk Museum. 31 (locate) in the historic city of Suzhou, it welcomed 522,000 visitors last year. 2.【2026·四川省成都市树德中学高三上学期期末】Hainan is undergoing a significant transformation as it evolves into a special trade zone. A new policy known as “island-wide customs closure” has been implemented. (mean) to facilitate trade, this rule grants Hainan a distinct status within the national trade framework. 3.（2026·湖南湘潭市第一中学高三下学期3月训练）Ten caves have been restored as part of the restoration work of the Aerzhai Grottoes (石窟). (release) on Oct. 8, information showed the fixed area reportedly (reported) covers 250.63 square meters. 4.（2026·四川绵阳中学高三下学期高考模拟考试（一）） (greet) with thunderous cheers of “Welcome” from the students, Macron arrived (arrive) at the Jiang’ an Campus of SCU. 5.（25-26高三上·河北衡水·月考） (bless) with breathtaking natural scenery, the small village has appealed to so many artists. 6．（25-26高三上·上海·阶段检测） (drive) by a strong sense of responsibility, people explore and do not give up. 7．（2026高三下·湖南长沙·专题练习）Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes (require) to restore the connection to nature. 8．（25-26高三下·河北石家庄·开学考试）The new social media trend centers on a comfort-driven lifestyle (ground) in Traditional Chinese Medicine philosophy. 9．（25-26高三上·河南南阳·开学考试）He had his study (interrupt) when the war broke out. 10．（2025·河北衡水·二模）The photo on the wall always keeps him (remind) of his dream. 11.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）This cultural treasure has evolved over generations, maintaining its essential character while (adapt) to contemporary contexts. 12.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Today, though (face) modern challenges, dough figurine art is recognized as an intangible cultural heritage. 13．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Despite being two goals behind in the first half, the Chinese women’s national football team got three in the second half with two goals (score) in just five minutes. 14．（2026高三下·湖南长沙·专题练习）When (face) with adversity, it is resilience that helps us bounce back. 15．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）The teacher found the window (break) when she came into the classroom. 附录 188个高考必背不规则动词的过去式、过去分词背诵表） 1. AAA 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 1 bet bet bet 打赌 2 bid bid bid 出价，投标 3 broadcast broadcast broadcast 播放 4 bust bust/busted bust/busted 打烂，弄坏 5 burst burst burst 爆炸，突然发作 6 cast cast cast 投，掷 7 cost cost cost 花费 8 cut cut cut 割，切 9 hurt hurt hurt 受伤 10 hit hit hit 打，撞 11 input input input 输入 12 let let let 让 13 misread misread misread 读错，看错 14 offset offset offset 抵消 15 output output output 输出 16 put put put 放下 17 quit quit/quitted quit/quitted 离开 18 read read read 读 19 recast recast recast 重铸 20 rid rid rid 使摆脱，使去掉 21 reset reset reset 清零；重置 22 set set set 安排，安置 23 spread spread spread 展开，传播，涂 24 spit spit/spat spit/spat 吐痰, 25 split split split 砍，劈 26 slit slit slit 切开 27 shut shut shut 关上，停止营业 28 shed shed shed 去除，摆脱 29 shave shaved shaved/shaven 刮脸，剃胡 30 sublet sublet sublet 转租，分租 31 thrust thrust thrust 刺，插入 32 upset upset upset 使心烦，扰乱 33 wet wet/wetted wet/wetted 打湿 2. AAB 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 34 beat beat beaten 打败 3. ABA 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 35 become became become 变成，成为 36 come came come 来 37 run ran run 跑 38 overcome overcame overcome 克服；战胜；征服 4. ABB （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 39 burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 燃烧 40 bless blessed/blest blessed/blest 保佑，祝福 41 deal dealt dealt 解决；处理；分配 42 keep kept kept 保持，保存 43 dream dreamed /dreamt dreamed/dreamt 梦想；做梦 44 kneel knelt knelt 跪下 45 knit knitted knitted 编织 46 spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled 毁坏；宠坏 47 hear heard heard 听见，听说 48 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死 （hanged, hanged） 悬挂(hung, hung) 49 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 50 lie lied lied 说谎 51 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点燃；照亮 52 mean meant meant 意思，意味 53 strew strewed strewed/strewn 撒，散播 54 sleep slept slept 睡觉 55 show showed showed/shown 展示 56 smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt 闻, 嗅 57 speed sped/speeded sped/speeded 加速 58 spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt 拼写 59 sweep swept swept 扫地 60 swing swung swung 摆动 61 spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled 飞溅 62 wake waked/woke waked/woken 醒来；叫醒；激发 63 weave wove/waved wove/waved 编织 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 64 build built built 建造，修建 65 lend lent lent 借给 66 lean leant/leaned leant/leaned 倚靠，倾斜 67 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 改建, 重建 68 send sent sent 送 69 spend spent spent 花费 （3）原形→ought →ought 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 70 bring brought brought 带来 71 buy bought bought 买 72 fight fought fought 打架，战斗 73 think thought thought 思考，想 74 seek sought sought 寻找；追求；搜索 75 plead pleaded/pled pleaded/pled 认罪 （4）原形→aught →aught 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 76 catch caught caught 捉，抓 77 teach taught taught 教，教授 （5）变其中一个元音字母 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 78 abide abided/aboded abided/aboded 遵守 79 babysit babysat babysat 照看小孩 80 bind bound bound 捆，绑 81 bleed bled bled 流血 82 breed bred bred (动物)交配繁殖 83 dig dug dug 挖掘，钻研. 84 feed fed fed 喂养，饲养 85 flee fled fled 逃避，逃跑. 86 find found found 发现，找到 87 fling flung flung （用力）掷，扔 88 hold held held 拥有，握住 89 lead led led 引导，领导 90 meet met met 遇见 91 sit sat sat 坐 92 shine shone shone 使照耀，使发光 93 shoot shot shot 射击 94 spit spit/spat spit/spat 吐痰 95 stick stuck stuck 刺入，粘住 96 sting stung stung 叮咬 97 strike struck struck 撞击，冲击，罢工 98 slide slid slid 滑动 99 spring sprung/sprang sprung 跳跃 100 swing swung swung 摆动 101 win won won 赢，获胜 102 wring wrung wrung 绞，拧 （6）原形→-lt/ pt/ ft→-lt/ pt/ ft 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 103 creep crept crept 匍匐，爬行 104 dwell dwelt dwelt 居住，细想 105 feel felt felt 感到 106 leave left left 离开 107 leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped 跳跃 108 weep wept wept 哭泣，流泪 （7）其它 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 109 cling clung clung 紧紧抓住 110 grind ground ground 磨碎 111 lay laid laid 下蛋, 放置 112 pay paid paid 付款 113 say said said 说，讲 114 spin spun spun 纺织 115 stand stood stood 站 116 understand understood understood 明白 117 lose lost lost 失去 118 have had had 有，持有 119 make made made 制造，构成 120 sell sold sold 卖 121 tell told told 告诉 122 retell retold retold 重复，复述 123 wind wound wound 缠绕，迂回 124 withstand withstood withstood 忍受 125 oversell oversold oversold 吹捧，过多销售 5. ABC （1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 126 arise arose arisen 升起 127 blow blew blown 吹风，喘气，叫 128 drive drove driven 驾驶 129 draw drew drawn 画，绘制，拖拽 130 eat ate eaten 吃 131 fall fell fallen 落下，跌倒 132 forbid forbad/forbade forbidden 禁止，不许 133 give gave given 给，提供，授予 134 grow grew grown 生长，种植 135 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅，饶恕 136 know knew known 知道 137 mistake mistook mistaken 弄错， 误解, 138 overeat overate overeaten (使)吃过量 139 overdo overdid overdone 把某事做得过火 140 oversee oversaw overseen 监督 141 overtake overtook overtaken 超过 142 overthrow overthrew overthrown 推倒 143 outgrow outgrew outgrown 长得比……快 144 prove proved proven/proved 证明，试验 145 take took taken 拿，获得，承担 146 throw threw thrown 抛，扔，掷 147 ride rode ridden 骑，乘车 148 see saw seen 看见，领会 149 sew sewed sewn 缝制，缝合 150 show showed showed/shown 出示，说明 151 shake shook shaken 摇动，震动 152 shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken (使)缩小 153 sow sowed sown 播种 154 stride strode stridden 大踏步走 155 strive strove striven 努力，奋斗 156 swear swore sworn 发誓 157 swell swelled swollen 肿胀 158 write wrote written 写 159 undo undid undone 解开，松开 160 rise rose risen 升起 161 withdraw withdrew withdrawn 退出 （2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 162 awake awoke awoken 唤醒，唤起 163 bite bit bitten 咬；叮，蛰 164 break broke broken 打破，打碎 165 choose chose chosen 选择 166 foresee foresaw foreseen 预见 167 get got got/gotten 得到 168 hide hid hidden 隐藏 169 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 170 freeze froze frozen 冷冻，结冰 171 speak spoke spoken 说话，谈话 172 saw sawed sawed/sawn 锯，凿开 173 steal stole stolen 偷窃，窃取. 174 tread trod/treaded trod/trodden 踩，塌，践踏 （3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词） [i→a →u] 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 175 begin began begun 开始 176 drink drank drunk 喝 177 sing sang sung 唱 178 sink sank sunk 下沉，沉没 179 swim swam swum 游泳 180 ring rang rung 包围，环绕 （4）其它 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 181 be(am, is, are) was/ were been 是 182 bear bore born/borne 负担, 忍受 183 do did done 做 184 fly flew flown 飞行 185 go went gone 去 186 lie lay lain 躺，位于 187 wear wore worn 穿 188 tear tore torn 流泪；撕破；飞奔 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 过去分词（培优讲义） 内容导航 夯实基础·突破重难·分层提能 考情・分析解读（考题统计 考情解读 备考策略 命题预测） 基础・知识梳理（知识导图 核心梳理） 重难・核心突破（真题再现 解题技巧 考法预测） 重难01 考查-ed分词作定语 重难02 考查-ed分词作补语和状语 重难03 考查-ed分词用于省略句 重难04 考查-ed分词作表语 重难05 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构 拔高・分层集训（基础演练 能力进阶） 考情·分析解读 考题统计 核心考点 题型 过去分词 语法填空 年份 试卷类型 考点 考向 2026 2026·全国I卷 2026·全国II卷 2026·浙江1月 2025 2025·全国II卷 left 作定语 2025·浙江1月 / / 2024 2024·新课标I卷 inspired 作定语 2024·新课标II卷 / / 2024·全国乙卷 / / 2024·全国甲卷 / / 2024·年浙江1月 designed 作后置定语 2023 2023·新课标I卷 recognized 作定语 2023·新课标II卷 / / 2023·全国乙卷 built 作定语 2023·全国甲卷 intended 作定语 2023·年浙江1月 surrounded 作后置定语 2022 2022·新课标I卷 / / 2022·新课标II卷 / / 2022·全国乙卷 / / 2022·全国甲卷 held 作定语 2022·年浙江6月 / / 2022·年浙江1月 / / 考情解读 命题规律： 近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查基本在名词上共计8次： 1.考查频次稳定，是语法填空高频考点，历年多套试卷均有涉及。 2. 核心考向高度集中，主要考查过去分词作定语，包含前置定语与后置定语两大形式。 3. 命题选材贴合语境，选取常用实义动词变形，侧重考查非谓语动词被动、完成的核心语义特征，极少设置生僻词汇。 4. 区分谓语动词与非谓语动词，判断分词所作句子成分。 备考策略 1.掌握过去分词的基本用法。 2.掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。 3.掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。 4.辨析谓语被动语态语过去分词。 命题预测 2027年高考英语语法填空对过去分词的句法功能仍将是考查的重点热点。另外V-ed与V-ing的辨析，V-ed与谓语动词的辨析仍然是考查重点。 基础・知识梳理 知识导图 核心梳理 过去分词的基本意义 它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。 过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者；或者表动作在谓语动词发生之前已经完成。 知识点1过去分词的形式：规则变化 + 不规则变化 1. 动词的过去分词规则变化如下表所示 动词特征 变化规则 读音 例词 一般动词 加-ed 在清辅音后读 [t] look—looked—looked [lukt] 在浊辅音和元 音后读[d] call—called—called [kɔ:ld] stay—stayed—stayed [steid] 在[t],[d]后 读[id] want—wanted—wanted [wɔntid] need—needed—needed ['ni:did] 以字母e结尾 加-d 读[d] live—lived—lived [livd] 以“辅音字母+y” 结尾 y变1加-ed 读[id] study—studied—studied ['stʌdid] 以“元音字母+y” 结尾 加-ed 读[d] play—played—played [pleid] 末尾只有一个辅音 字母的重读闭音节 双写该辅音字 母，再加-ed 读[t] stop—stopped—stopped [stɔpt] 以r音节结尾 双 写 r , 再 加-ed 读[d] prefer—preferred—preferred [pri'fə(r)d] 2. 动词不规则常见四大变化类型如下表所示: 类型 规律说明 原形→过去式→过去分词 高频例词 AAA型 三式同形 cut → cut → cut put, set, hit, let, cost, hurt, shut, spread ABB型 过去式 = 过去分词 bring → brought → brought buy, fight, think, catch, teach, keep, sleep, feel, leave, meet, tell, sell, hold, have, make, hear, find, lose, get（美式gotten） ABC型 三式各不相同 speak → spoke → spoken write→wrote→written, drive→drove→driven, rise→rose→risen, break→broke→broken, choose→chose→chosen, forget→forgot→forgotten, begin→began→begun, sing→sang→sung, ring→rang→rung, drink→drank→drunk, swim→swam→swum ABA型 原形 = 过去分词 come → came → come become, run, overcome （具体见文档后附录188个高考必背不规则动词的过去式/过去分词背诵表） 知识点2 过去分词的句法功能（4大核心功能） 功能 形式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 V-ed X X √ √ √ √ 1. 作定语 1）过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作，单个过去分词作前置定语。 例1. In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. 在乌干达，瑞恩终于亲眼见到了完成了的水井。 例2. The lost time can never be found again.逝去的时间永远也找不回来了。 例3.I need to fix the broken window before it rains. 我需要在下雨前修好那扇破窗户。 例4.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。 2）过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。相当于省略了关系代词+be动词的定语从句。 例1.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. =The meeting, which was attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 例2.The houses built last year are for the teachers. =The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher. 这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。 2. 作表语 1）过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。常见动词如： 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 amazed（感到惊讶的）； bored（感到无聊的）； confused（困惑的）； delighted（开心的）； depressed（低落的）； determined（下定决心的）； disappointed（失望的）； excited（兴奋的）； embarrassed（尴尬的）； exhausted（筋疲力尽的）； frightened（令人惊骇的）； frustrated（消沉的）； interested（感兴趣的）； satisfied （满意度）； surprised（吃惊的）； moved（感动的） The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。 2）be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如： gone消失了，不在了； fallen落下的；known著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。 例1.They got discouraged when they failed again.再次失败时，他们感到沮丧。 例2.The children were excited about the upcoming trip.孩子们对即将到来的旅行感到兴奋。 3）现在分词作表语，放在系动词之后，说明主语的身份、性质或情况，常翻译为“令人……”。 例1.Her story sounds interesting, so I’ll listen carefully.她的故事听起来很有趣，我会仔细听。 例2.The math problem seems confusing to most students.这道数学题对大多数学生来说显得复杂。 3.作补语 过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词： 1）表感觉或心理状态的动词如notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel等后。 例1. I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 例2. I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 2）表示“致使”等使役意义的动词如have, get, keep, leave, make等后。 例1. He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himself heard.他大声讲话，以便让别人听到。 3）with的复合结构中。 A.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作； B.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作； C.省略with则该结构变为独立主格结构。 例1. With his homework finished, he went to the park to play. 作业写完了，他便去公园玩了。 例2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。 例3.With the problem solved, we all felt relieved.问题解决了，我们都松了口气。 【知识拓展一】 一、感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel后接宾补三种形式接的异同点 I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动，完成) 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行) 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。 To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动，无时间性) 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。 【知识拓展二】 使役动词＋宾语＋宾补宾补三种形式接的异同点 ①make＋宾语＋ The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。 He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。 ②let＋宾语＋ Don’t let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。 Let the work be done immediately.立刻把工作做完。 ③have＋宾语＋ He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry.他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 My car broke down on my way to work and I will have it repaired tomorrow.我的车在上班的路上坏了，明天要找人修一下。 温馨提示　(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。 He was made to work day and night，so he was very tired of the job.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厌倦这项工作。 (2)have sb doing sth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。 I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that.我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。 ④get＋宾语＋ She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。 I’ll get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。 【知识拓展三】 动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况 (1)leave (2)keep (3)find ⇒ (4)catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在做某事 The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.大部分的菜客人们都没有动，因为它们不可口。 The hall was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现礼堂彻底地被打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 4.作状语 过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词作状语可以表时间、原因、条件、结果、方式或伴随、让步等。 Completed, the bridge will be open to traffic.建成后，这座桥将通车。(表时间) Encouraged by his teacher, he decided to try again.受到老师的鼓励后，他决定再试一次。(表原因) Compared with other candidates, she is more qualified.如果与其他候选人相比，她更合适。(表条件) He fell from the bike, hurt seriously. 他从自行车上摔下来，结果受了重伤。(表结果) She sat in the corner, dressed in a red coat. 她坐在角落里，穿着一件红外套。(表方式) Defeated many times, he didn't lose heart.尽管多次被击败，他并没有灰心。(表让步) 注意： (1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 Satisfied with what he did，the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 (2)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。 Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。 Defeated by the competitor,he was greatly let down. 被队友击败了，他极度失望。 【知识拓展一】 1. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂逻辑＂方面的差异： 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间通常构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语在＂时间＂方面的差异： 过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。 现在分词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生或在说话时正在进行； 现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个＂主动＂动作； 现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个＂被动＂动作，常常和表示次数的短语以及时间段(for短语)连用。 Written in a hurry，this article was not so good！因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好！ Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。 Having been discussed several times，the decision was finally made.进行了几次讨论之后，终于作出了决定。 Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.（表示动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生） 在街上走着，他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.（表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前） 我们几乎花光了所有的钱，没有钱住宾馆了。 【知识拓展二】 “be+过去分词+介词”短语作状语时，be动词省略，直接用过去分词作状语。如： 1)“be+过去分词+in”类短语： 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着… 2)“be+过去分词+with”类短语： be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着… 3)“be+过去分词+to”类短语： be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余… 例1. Absorbed in painting, he spent the whole afternoon in the studio.他全神贯注于绘画，在画室里度过了整个下午。 例2. Faced with the emergency, she immediately called for help.面对紧急情况，她立刻呼救。 例3. Exposed to loud noise daily, workers here often have hearing problems.每天暴露在噪音中，这里的工人常出现听力问题。 知识点3 过去分词的2大特殊结构 1. 用于省略句 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”，强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系；“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。 例1. When（it is）completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。 例2. Though( he was )warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然有人警告他小心点，他还是在薄冰上滑冰。 例3. When (I was) walking in the park, I found a lost cat.在公园散步时，我发现了一只迷路的猫。 例4. Unless (it is) repaired immediately, the machine may break down.除非立即被修理，否则机器可能故障. 易错提醒： before和after后接动词，只能接动名词作宾语。 例1.They had a short discussion before making the final decision.做最终决定前，他们进行了简短讨论。 例2.After finishing his homework, he went out to play.完成作业后，他出去玩了。 例3.The contract will be signed by both parties before being made public.这份合同在被公开之前将由双方签署。 2.用于独立主格结构 “名词/代词+过去分词”中，名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语，与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，是分词动作的承受者，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。 例1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，我们就开始找工作。 = Because all our savings had been gone... 例2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it. 专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力全用在上面了。 例3. Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed. 很多事情处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。 重难・核心突破 重难01 考查-ed分词作定语【高频考点】 【真题再现】 1.（2025年全国二卷） If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 left 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作定语。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 2.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built__ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】inspired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 3. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____have started___ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs _______ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】designed 【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 1.【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ___to___ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______ (build) system of ring roads. 【答案】built 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 【考法预测】 1.(2026·福建省福州市八县(市)协作校高三上学期期中联考)The materials ______ (use)​ in Chinese painting, the brush, ink or pigment, paper or silk, etc., have determined its character and development over thousands of years. 【答案】​used 【解析】​考查过去分词作定语。句意：中国画所使用的材料，如毛笔、墨汁或颜料、纸张或丝绸等等，历经数千年的发展，已经决定了其独特的风格和演变历程。分析可知，“______ (use) in Chinese painting”修饰名词“The materials”，名词与动词“use”之间为被动关系（材料被使用），故用过去分词作后置定语。故填 used。 2.(2026·河北省唐山市十校高三上学期12月期中) This play is a famous Chinese story ______ (pen)​ by Tang Xianzu, adapted by the University of Birmingham. 【答案】​ penned 【解析】​ 考查过去分词作定语。句意：这部剧是由汤显祖创作的中国经典故事，经伯明翰大学改编而成。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰“a famous Chinese story”。逻辑主语“story”与动词“pen（撰写）”之间是被动关系（故事被撰写），应用过去分词 penned。故填 penned。 3.【2026·四川成都市彭州市彭州中学高三上学期期末】The history of the computer is a story of constant miniaturization and increasing power. The journey began with machines like the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), 1 (build) in 1945. 【答案】 built 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这段旅程始于1945年制造的电子数字积分计算机(ENIAC)等机器。“________ in 1945”作后置定语，build(建造)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语“the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填built。 重难02 考查-ed分词作补语和状语（中频考点） 【真题再现】（2025年北京卷） When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare). 【答案】 12. scared 【解析】考查非谓语动词之过去分词作宾补。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 【考法预测】 1．（2026高三下·湖南长沙·专题练习 With multiple distance options available, participants can choose (base) on their experience levels and personal goals. 【答案】 based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有多个距离选项可供选择，参与者可以根据自己的经验水平和个人目标进行选择。空处为非谓语动词作状语，be based on为固定短语“基于……”，所以空处需要去掉be，剩下过去分词作状语。故填based。 2．（2026高三上·河南鹤壁·专题练习） (launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey, this survey covered over 12 sq km. 【答案】Launched 【详解】考查过去分词作状语。句意：这项调查于 2020 年启动，作为 2000 至 2003 年调查的后续项目，覆盖面积超过 12 平方公里。分析可知，“________ (launch) in 2020 as a follow-up to 2000-2003 survey”为句中的状语，逻辑主语“this survey”与动词“launch”之间为被动关系，动词用过去分词形式；置于句首，首字母大写。故填Launched。 3.（25-26高三·北京·二轮复习）Quicksand found on beaches or riverbanks is a hidden danger that traps dozens of people each year. If you find yourself (stick) in it, avoid allowing others to help, as this could cause them to get trapped as well. 【答案】stuck 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海滩或河岸上发现的流沙是一种隐藏的危险，每年都会困住数十人。如果你发现自己被困在其中，避免让他人帮忙，因为这可能也会导致他们被困。此处在句中作宾补，宾语为yourself，与stick之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词stuck作宾补，故填stuck。 重难03 考查-ed分词用于省略句（中频考点） 【真题再现】【2023年北京卷】When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid. 【答案】seen 【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。 【考法预测】 1.（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Although largely (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. 【答案】ignored 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然在很大程度上被忽视，但被丢弃的材料为我们艺术家提供了大量的资源，让它们重获新生。Although引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同时，可以省略从句中主语和be动词，此处省略了materials are，保留过去分词。故填ignored。 2．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands. 【答案】left 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：电子游戏如果落入不妥人之手，就可能产生不良影响。这里考查了 leave 作及物动词的用法，可以理解为 if (the video games are) left in the wrong hands，主从句的主语相同，且从句中含有 be 动词，省略从句中的主语和be动词。故填left。 3．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）When (ask) about his future plan, the graduate said he intended to pursue further study abroad. 【答案】asked 【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：当被问及未来计划时，这位毕业生表示他打算继续出国深造。When引导的时间状语从句，主语与主句主语“the graduate”一致，且含有be动词。主语与ask是被动关系，故省略“he was”，保留过去分词asked。故填asked。 重难04 -ed分词作表语（低频考点） 【真题再现】Please remain (seat) ; the car is turning around a sharp turn. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：请在座位上坐着；车马上急转弯。remain/be seated“保持坐着的状态，坐着”，过去分词作表语。故填seated。 【考法预测】 1.（2026高三·河南鹤壁·专题练习）She worked hard for three years and finally got (admit) to her dream university. 【答案】admitted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：她努力学习了三年，最终成功被她梦寐以求的大学录取了。空处作表语，get admitted to意思为：被……录取，为固定短语。空处为admit的过去分词形式，表示被动。故填admitted。 2.Although it has been buried underground for over 1,000 years, the ancient queen’s body remains well (preserve). 【答案】preserved 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管这位古代女王的尸体已被埋在地下1000多年，但仍然保存完好。“remain”是系动词，后接形容词、名词或非谓语动词作表语，此处body和“preserve(保存)”之间是被动关系，即“身体被保存”，所以用过去分词preserved作表语，构成“remain well preserved”结构，表示“仍然保存完好”。故填preserved。 重难05 考查-ed分词用于独立主格结构（低频考点） 【真题再现】（2026高三·全国·专题练习）My son went out to play football, his lessons (finish) for the day. 【答案】finished 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：我儿子出去踢足球了，他那天的功课做完了。分析句子可知，逗号前是完整句子，逗号后his lessons与finish是逻辑上的被动关系，即功课被完成，所以用过去分词finished，构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语。故填finished。 【考法预测】 1.（25-26高三下·全国·一轮复习）He added that it is affecting everything from bacteria to mammals, humans (include). 【答案】included 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他补充说，这正影响着从细菌到哺乳动物的所有生物，人类也包括在内。此处为独立主格结构，且human与include构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填included。 2.（25-26高三下·全国·一轮复习）The university (appoint) a Nobel Prize winner as honorary professor, its international reputation was significantly enhanced. 【答案】having appointed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该大学任命了一位诺贝尔奖获得者为名誉教授，其国际声誉得到了显著提升。逗号前的部分为独立主格结构。“任命”的动作发生在动作“声誉提升”之前，appoint与其逻辑主语The university之间存在主动关系，需用现在分词的完成式表示having appointed。故填having appointed。 拔高・分层集训 基础演练 【2026·广东深圳市光明区上学期高三期末调研】To further protect them, scientists developed a four-legged robot 25 (arm) with cameras and artificial intelligence (AI). 【答案】 armed 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进一步保护它们，科学家们研发了一种四足机器人，该机器人配备了摄像头和人工智能（AI）系统。短语be armed with表示“配备”，此处过去分词作定语修饰robot。故填armed。 (2026·江苏省泰州市姜堰区高三上学期11月期中) The Changzhou comb is a type of hand-painted comb ______ (produce)​ in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China. 【答案】​ produced 【解析】​ 考查过去分词作定语。句意：常州梳篦是中国江苏常州生产的一种手绘梳子。此空考查非谓语，逻辑主语“comb”与动词“produce”之间是被动关系（梳子被生产），应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰“comb”。故填 produced。 (2026·福建省名校联盟高三上学期期中考)These gray-and-white robots, ______ (arm)​ with cameras and sensors, mark the latest innovation in Beijing's effort to build a smarter and safer city. 【答案】​ armed 【解析】​ 考查过去分词作定语。句意：这些灰白相间的机器人配备了摄像头和传感器，是北京建设更智能、更安全城市所做努力中的最新创新。逻辑主语“robots”与动词“arm”之间是被动关系（机器人被武装/配备），“be armed with”表示“配备有……”，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语，省略be动词。故填 armed。 4.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习） (Operate) from the ground, the drone minimizes risks, resists level-7 winds, and can work on rainy days, addressing the high accident rate and weather limitations of traditional methods. 【答案】Operated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从地面操作，无人机将风险降至最低，能抵御7 级风，还可在雨天作业，解决了传统方法事故率高和天气限制的问题。the drone 与operate 是动宾关系(无人机被操作)，应用过去分词operated，作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Operated。 5．（25-26高三上·河北衡水·月考）The woman driver had her car (trap) in the mud for three hours before the rescue workers arrived. 【答案】trapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女司机的车陷在泥里三个小时后，救援人员才赶到。句中使用“have +宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语“her car”和动词trap之间为被动关系，表示“车被陷在泥里”，因此用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填trapped。 6．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）When Bob got (absorb) in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life. 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：当鲍勃沉浸在他的音乐世界里时，他感觉自己仿佛能“看见”周围世界的美好，就像他前世那样。分析句子可知，空格处考查固定搭配get absorbed in，意为“全神贯注于、沉浸在……中”。absorbed是过去分词作表语，此处表示状态，符合语境。故填absorbed。 7.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Once (use) for books and tea packs, mulberry paper has a smooth touch and a long life, which keeps words safe across time. 【答案】used 【详解】考查非谓语动词中的过去分词作状语。句意：桑皮纸曾用于书籍和茶包，触感光滑，寿命长，能让文字在时间长河中保存完好。use“使用”。当once引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。本句中的时间状语从句完整句子为Once it was used for books and tea packs，省略it was，保留过去分词。故填used。 8.（24-25高三·全国·一轮复习）We all need to get (involve) in saving energy whether it’s at work, at home, or at school. 【答案】involved 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都需要参与到节约能源中来，无论是在工作中，在家里还是在学校。固定短语get involved in“参加，参与”，过去分词作表语。故填involved。 9．（25-26高三下·北京·二轮复习）If you decide to major in a social science, you should expect to conduct your own research and keep yourself (equip) with related information. 【答案】equipped 【详解】句意：如果你决定主修社会科学，你应该期望自主开展研究并让自己储备好相关资讯。此处为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，宾语yourself与equip构成被动关系，需使用equip的过去分词形式equipped作宾补。 10.（25-26高三下·河北衡水·月考） (beat) down by failure and self-doubt, he nearly gave up. But a gentle voice from behind pulled him back from the edge. 【答案】Beaten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于屡次遭遇失败以及自我怀疑，他几乎要放弃了。但身后传来的一声轻柔的呼唤将他从悬崖边缘拉了回来。空处作状语，he与beat构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词，放在句首，首字母大写。故填Beaten。 能力进阶 1.【2026·河北省名校协作体高三上学期12月期中】A growing number of visitors are flooding into the Suzhou Silk Museum. 31 (locate) in the historic city of Suzhou, it welcomed 522,000 visitors last year. 【答案】Located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它位于历史名城苏州，去年接待了52.2万游客。句中谓语是welcomed，空格处用非谓语动词，it指的是前面的Suzhou Silk Museum，和locate之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Located。 2.【2026·四川省成都市树德中学高三上学期期末】Hainan is undergoing a significant transformation as it evolves into a special trade zone. A new policy known as “island-wide customs closure” has been implemented. (mean) to facilitate trade, this rule grants Hainan a distinct status within the national trade framework. 【答案】Meant 【答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一被称为“全岛封关”的新政策旨在促进贸易，赋予海南在国家贸易框架中的独特地位。“(mean) to facilitate trade”作状语，mean(打算，使专门用于)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语this rule之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Meant。 3.（2026·湖南湘潭市第一中学高三下学期3月训练）Ten caves have been restored as part of the restoration work of the Aerzhai Grottoes (石窟). (release) on Oct. 8, information showed the fixed area reportedly (reported) covers 250.63 square meters. 【答案】released 【答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：10月8日发布的信息显示，据报道修复面积达250.63平方米。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词showed，所以此处应用非谓语动词，information与release之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词released作状语，表被动和完成，句首单词首字母大写。 4.（2026·四川绵阳中学高三下学期高考模拟考试（一）） (greet) with thunderous cheers of “Welcome” from the students, Macron arrived (arrive) at the Jiang’ an Campus of SCU. 【答案】Greeted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在学生们的热烈欢呼声中，马克龙抵达了四川大学的江安校区。逻辑主语Macron与greet之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故填Greeted。 5.（25-26高三上·河北衡水·月考） (bless) with breathtaking natural scenery, the small village has appealed to so many artists. 【答案】Blessed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小村庄拥有令人惊叹的自然风光，吸引了众多艺术家。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词“has appealed(吸引)”，空处应用非谓语形式。句子的主语“the small village(小村庄)”与动词“bless(赋予)”之间为被动关系(村庄被赋予自然风光)，应用过去分词；且“be blessed with...”是固定短语，意为“被赋予……；有幸拥有……”，在本句中作状语，需省略be动词，句首首字母大写，直接用过去分词“Blessed”开头。故填Blessed。 6．（25-26高三上·上海·阶段检测） (drive) by a strong sense of responsibility, people explore and do not give up. 【答案】Driven 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在强烈责任感的驱使下，人们不断探索，永不放弃。句中谓语是explore and do，空格处用非谓语动词，由by以及句意可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Driven。 7．（2026高三下·湖南长沙·专题练习）Richardson said that when he tested policy and urban environmental changes in the model, he was surprised at the scale of the changes (require) to restore the connection to nature. 【答案】required 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：理查森表示，当他在模型中测试政策和城市环境的变化时，他对这些为恢复人与自然的联结所必需的变化的规模感到惊讶。句子主干为he was surprised at the scale of the changes，空格处需要修饰名词changes，作后置定语。逻辑主语changes与动词require之间是被动关系（变化是“被要求、被需要”来恢复人与自然联结的），因此用过去分词作后置定语。故填required。 8．（25-26高三下·河北石家庄·开学考试）The new social media trend centers on a comfort-driven lifestyle (ground) in Traditional Chinese Medicine philosophy. 【答案】grounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一新的社交媒体潮流，聚焦于一种以中医理念为基础、追求舒适的生活方式。句子已有谓语动词centers，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，a comfort-driven lifestyle和ground为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填grounded。 9．（25-26高三上·河南南阳·开学考试）He had his study (interrupt) when the war broke out. 【答案】interrupted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：战争爆发时，他的学习被打断了。句子谓语动词是had，空格处在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填interrupted。 10．（2025·河北衡水·二模）The photo on the wall always keeps him (remind) of his dream. 【答案】reminded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：墙上的照片总是让他想起自己的梦想。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，him和remind为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填reminded。 11.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）This cultural treasure has evolved over generations, maintaining its essential character while (adapt) to contemporary contexts. 【答案】adapting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：这一文化瑰宝历经数代演变，它在适应当代环境的同时保持着其本质特征。在when, while, if, as if, though (或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词；“while (adapt) to contemporary contexts”是时间状语从句，原句为“while this cultural treasure is adapting to contemporary contexts”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略this cultural treasure is后，应保留现在分词adapting。故填adapting。 12.（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Today, though (face) modern challenges, dough figurine art is recognized as an intangible cultural heritage. 【答案】facing 【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。句意：如今，尽管面临现代社会的诸多挑战，面塑艺术仍被认定为一项非物质文化遗产。该句为让步状语从句中的省略结构，主语dough figurine art与face为主动关系，用现在分词facing，其完整结构为“though it is facing”。故填facing。 13．（25-26高三·全国·二轮复习）Despite being two goals behind in the first half, the Chinese women’s national football team got three in the second half with two goals (score) in just five minutes. 【答案】scored 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管在上半场落后两球，但中国女子国家足球队在下半场连进三球，仅用了五分钟就打进了两球。此处是with复合结构，介词宾语two goals与动词score之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scored。 14．（2026高三下·湖南长沙·专题练习）When (face) with adversity, it is resilience that helps us bounce back. 【答案】faced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当面对逆境时，是韧性帮助我们重新振作起来。be faced with“面临”是固定搭配，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填faced。 15．（25-26高三·江苏·三轮复习）The teacher found the window (break) when she came into the classroom. 【答案】broken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师走进教室时发现窗户被打破了。句中谓语是found，空格处用非谓语动词，window和break之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故填broken。 附录 188个高考必背不规则动词的过去式、过去分词背诵表） 1. AAA 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 1 bet bet bet 打赌 2 bid bid bid 出价，投标 3 broadcast broadcast broadcast 播放 4 bust bust/busted bust/busted 打烂，弄坏 5 burst burst burst 爆炸，突然发作 6 cast cast cast 投，掷 7 cost cost cost 花费 8 cut cut cut 割，切 9 hurt hurt hurt 受伤 10 hit hit hit 打，撞 11 input input input 输入 12 let let let 让 13 misread misread misread 读错，看错 14 offset offset offset 抵消 15 output output output 输出 16 put put put 放下 17 quit quit/quitted quit/quitted 离开 18 read read read 读 19 recast recast recast 重铸 20 rid rid rid 使摆脱，使去掉 21 reset reset reset 清零；重置 22 set set set 安排，安置 23 spread spread spread 展开，传播，涂 24 spit spit/spat spit/spat 吐痰, 25 split split split 砍，劈 26 slit slit slit 切开 27 shut shut shut 关上，停止营业 28 shed shed shed 去除，摆脱 29 shave shaved shaved/shaven 刮脸，剃胡 30 sublet sublet sublet 转租，分租 31 thrust thrust thrust 刺，插入 32 upset upset upset 使心烦，扰乱 33 wet wet/wetted wet/wetted 打湿 2. AAB 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 34 beat beat beaten 打败 3. ABA 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 35 become became become 变成，成为 36 come came come 来 37 run ran run 跑 38 overcome overcame overcome 克服；战胜；征服 4. ABB （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 39 burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 燃烧 40 bless blessed/blest blessed/blest 保佑，祝福 41 deal dealt dealt 解决；处理；分配 42 keep kept kept 保持，保存 43 dream dreamed /dreamt dreamed/dreamt 梦想；做梦 44 kneel knelt knelt 跪下 45 knit knitted knitted 编织 46 spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled 毁坏；宠坏 47 hear heard heard 听见，听说 48 hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死 （hanged, hanged） 悬挂(hung, hung) 49 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 50 lie lied lied 说谎 51 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点燃；照亮 52 mean meant meant 意思，意味 53 strew strewed strewed/strewn 撒，散播 54 sleep slept slept 睡觉 55 show showed showed/shown 展示 56 smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt 闻, 嗅 57 speed sped/speeded sped/speeded 加速 58 spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt 拼写 59 sweep swept swept 扫地 60 swing swung swung 摆动 61 spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled 飞溅 62 wake waked/woke waked/woken 醒来；叫醒；激发 63 weave wove/waved wove/waved 编织 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 64 build built built 建造，修建 65 lend lent lent 借给 66 lean leant/leaned leant/leaned 倚靠，倾斜 67 rebuild rebuilt rebuilt 改建, 重建 68 send sent sent 送 69 spend spent spent 花费 （3）原形→ought →ought 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 70 bring brought brought 带来 71 buy bought bought 买 72 fight fought fought 打架，战斗 73 think thought thought 思考，想 74 seek sought sought 寻找；追求；搜索 75 plead pleaded/pled pleaded/pled 认罪 （4）原形→aught →aught 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 76 catch caught caught 捉，抓 77 teach taught taught 教，教授 （5）变其中一个元音字母 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 78 abide abided/aboded abided/aboded 遵守 79 babysit babysat babysat 照看小孩 80 bind bound bound 捆，绑 81 bleed bled bled 流血 82 breed bred bred (动物)交配繁殖 83 dig dug dug 挖掘，钻研. 84 feed fed fed 喂养，饲养 85 flee fled fled 逃避，逃跑. 86 find found found 发现，找到 87 fling flung flung （用力）掷，扔 88 hold held held 拥有，握住 89 lead led led 引导，领导 90 meet met met 遇见 91 sit sat sat 坐 92 shine shone shone 使照耀，使发光 93 shoot shot shot 射击 94 spit spit/spat spit/spat 吐痰 95 stick stuck stuck 刺入，粘住 96 sting stung stung 叮咬 97 strike struck struck 撞击，冲击，罢工 98 slide slid slid 滑动 99 spring sprung/sprang sprung 跳跃 100 swing swung swung 摆动 101 win won won 赢，获胜 102 wring wrung wrung 绞，拧 （6）原形→-lt/ pt/ ft→-lt/ pt/ ft 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 103 creep crept crept 匍匐，爬行 104 dwell dwelt dwelt 居住，细想 105 feel felt felt 感到 106 leave left left 离开 107 leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped 跳跃 108 weep wept wept 哭泣，流泪 （7）其它 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 109 cling clung clung 紧紧抓住 110 grind ground ground 磨碎 111 lay laid laid 下蛋, 放置 112 pay paid paid 付款 113 say said said 说，讲 114 spin spun spun 纺织 115 stand stood stood 站 116 understand understood understood 明白 117 lose lost lost 失去 118 have had had 有，持有 119 make made made 制造，构成 120 sell sold sold 卖 121 tell told told 告诉 122 retell retold retold 重复，复述 123 wind wound wound 缠绕，迂回 124 withstand withstood withstood 忍受 125 oversell oversold oversold 吹捧，过多销售 5. ABC （1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 126 arise arose arisen 升起 127 blow blew blown 吹风，喘气，叫 128 drive drove driven 驾驶 129 draw drew drawn 画，绘制，拖拽 130 eat ate eaten 吃 131 fall fell fallen 落下，跌倒 132 forbid forbad/forbade forbidden 禁止，不许 133 give gave given 给，提供，授予 134 grow grew grown 生长，种植 135 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅，饶恕 136 know knew known 知道 137 mistake mistook mistaken 弄错， 误解, 138 overeat overate overeaten (使)吃过量 139 overdo overdid overdone 把某事做得过火 140 oversee oversaw overseen 监督 141 overtake overtook overtaken 超过 142 overthrow overthrew overthrown 推倒 143 outgrow outgrew outgrown 长得比……快 144 prove proved proven/proved 证明，试验 145 take took taken 拿，获得，承担 146 throw threw thrown 抛，扔，掷 147 ride rode ridden 骑，乘车 148 see saw seen 看见，领会 149 sew sewed sewn 缝制，缝合 150 show showed showed/shown 出示，说明 151 shake shook shaken 摇动，震动 152 shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken (使)缩小 153 sow sowed sown 播种 154 stride strode stridden 大踏步走 155 strive strove striven 努力，奋斗 156 swear swore sworn 发誓 157 swell swelled swollen 肿胀 158 write wrote written 写 159 undo undid undone 解开，松开 160 rise rose risen 升起 161 withdraw withdrew withdrawn 退出 （2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 162 awake awoke awoken 唤醒，唤起 163 bite bit bitten 咬；叮，蛰 164 break broke broken 打破，打碎 165 choose chose chosen 选择 166 foresee foresaw foreseen 预见 167 get got got/gotten 得到 168 hide hid hidden 隐藏 169 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 170 freeze froze frozen 冷冻，结冰 171 speak spoke spoken 说话，谈话 172 saw sawed sawed/sawn 锯，凿开 173 steal stole stolen 偷窃，窃取. 174 tread trod/treaded trod/trodden 踩，塌，践踏 （3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词） [i→a →u] 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 175 begin began begun 开始 176 drink drank drunk 喝 177 sing sang sung 唱 178 sink sank sunk 下沉，沉没 179 swim swam swum 游泳 180 ring rang rung 包围，环绕 （4）其它 序号 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义 181 be(am, is, are) was/ were been 是 182 bear bore born/borne 负担, 忍受 183 do did done 做 184 fly flew flown 飞行 185 go went gone 去 186 lie lay lain 躺，位于 187 wear wore worn 穿 188 tear tore torn 流泪；撕破；飞奔 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $