精品解析：北京市第二十中学2025-2026学年第二学期五月高一英语试卷

北京市第二十中学2025-2026学年第二学期五月高一英语试卷 （时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Zhang Yupeng, once a “ troubled” youth, won the gold medal at the 47th World Skills Competition in France. In 2018, things ____1____ when he saw older students crafting delicate, sparkling jewelry. The process of designing and crafting jewelry with precious metals grabbed his interest, ____2____ him to choose jewelry design as his path. However, because Zhang had been inattentive to his studies before, he had to start from the beginning. He spent ____3____ hours building his skills, practicing everything from drawing and cutting to welding (焊接) and polishing. “I don’t even remember how many sheets of paper I used, how many pens I wore out, or how many failed pieces I made,” he said. His ____4____ finally woke his inborn talent, enabling him to quickly master important skills and get them down to a fine art. “Every time I create a piece, I feel like I’m having a conversation. That connection with art brings me immense joy, The sense of happiness is indescribable, especially when inspiration strikes, or when a piece is ____5____polished,” he says, His work began to gain recognition at various events. Zhang ___6___ his progress to all the setbacks he encountered, and to weaknesses he discovered during each competition. He ____7____ remembers his instructor telling him that results were secondary, and what was important was to observe the differences between himself and others, identify any issues, and think about how to improve. To him, there’s no shortcut ____8____ hard work to make it into the top arena (竞技舞台). Zhang is now passing on his experience to younger students as a tutor “If my experience is any ____9____, young people should find what they are passionate about and understand that only with hard work can they realize their ____10____ in their chosen field,” he said. 1. A. occurred B. passed C. appeared D. changed 2. A. forcing B. guiding C. inspiring D. convincing 3. A. happy B. limited C. countless D. precious 4. A. effort B. confidence C. ambition D. courage 5. A. quickly B. perfectly C. carefully D. immediately 6. A. matches B. relates C. compares D. owes 7. A. clearly B. suddenly C. proudly D. occasionally 8. A. in spite of B. apart from C. due to D. in terms of 9. A. reference B. evidence C. influence D. convenience 10. A. vision B. feature C. value D. impact 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了张玉鹏从一个“问题少年”到在世界技能大赛上获得金牌的转变过程。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，当他看到年长的学生制作精致、闪闪发光的珠宝时，情况发生了变化。A. occurred发生；B. passed通过；C. appeared出现；D. changed改变。根据前文“Zhang Yupeng, once a “ troubled” youth”以及后文“choose jewelry design as his path.”可知，张玉鹏原来是问题少年，但是当他看到年长的学生制作精致、闪闪发光的珠宝时，他选择了珠宝设计作为自己的道路，所以是情况发生了变化。故选D项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用贵金属设计和制作珠宝的过程引起了他的兴趣，激励他选择珠宝设计作为自己的道路。A. forcing强迫；B. guiding引导；C. inspiring激励；D. convincing说服。根据前文“The process of designing and crafting jewelry with precious metals grabbed his interest”可知，用贵金属设计和制作珠宝的过程引起了他的兴趣，所以是激励他选择珠宝设计作为自己的道路。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他花了无数个小时来培养自己的技能，从绘画、切割到焊接和抛光，他都在练习。A. happy快乐的；B. limited有限的；C. countless无数的；D. precious珍贵的。根据后文“I don’t even remember how many sheets of paper I used, how many pens I wore out, or how many failed pieces I made”可知，他自己都不记得练习了多久，所以是他花了无数个小时来培养自己的技能。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的努力终于唤醒了他天生的才能，使他能够迅速掌握重要的技能，并将其转化为一门精美的艺术。A. effort努力；B. confidence信心；C. ambition野心；D. courage勇气。根据前文“I don’t even remember how many sheets of paper I used, how many pens I wore out, or how many failed pieces I made”可知，张玉鹏付出了巨大努力。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“每次创作一件作品时，我都感觉自己像是在与人对话。那种与艺术之间的联结给我带来了无比的快乐。这种幸福感难以言表，尤其是在灵感迸发，或者一件作品被打磨得尽善尽美的时候，”他说道。他的作品开始在各种活动中获得认可。A. quickly快速地；B. perfectly完美地；C. carefully仔细地；D. immediately立即。根据前文“The sense of happiness is indescribable”可知，应是一件作品被打磨得尽善尽美的时候，才会让人感到幸福。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：张把他的进步归功于他遇到的所有挫折，以及他在每次比赛中发现的弱点。A. matches匹配；B. relates关联；C. compares比较；D. owes归功于。根据后文“his progress to all the setbacks he encountered, and to weaknesses he discovered during each competition.”可知，此处应是“把他的进步归功于他遇到的所有挫折，以及他在每次比赛中发现的弱点”之意，符合语境。故选D项。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他清楚地记得他的老师告诉他，结果是次要的，重要的是观察自己和他人之间的差异，找出任何问题，并考虑如何改进。A. clearly清晰地；B. suddenly突然地；C. proudly自豪地；D. occasionally偶尔。根据后文“remembers his instructor telling him that results were secondary, and what was important was to observe the differences between himself and others, identify any issues, and think about how to improve.”结合选项可知，应是清楚地记得老师的话，符合语境。故选A项。 【8题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：对他来说，要想登上顶级舞台，除了努力，没有捷径可走。A. in spite of尽管；B. apart from除了；C. due to由于；D. in terms of就……而言。根据前文“there’s no shortcut”可知，此处表达“除了努力，没有捷径可走”之意。故选B项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“如果我的经历有什么参考价值的话，年轻人应该找到自己的激情所在，并且明白只有努力工作才能在自己选择的领域实现自己的价值。”A. reference参考；B. evidence证据；C. influence影响；D. convenience便利。根据后文“young people should find what they are passionate about and understand that only with hard work can they realize their 　　　10　　　 in their chosen field”可知，这是张的人生经验，是给其他年轻人的参考。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“如果我的经历有什么参考价值的话，年轻人应该找到自己的激情所在，并且明白只有努力工作才能在自己选择的领域实现自己的价值。”A. vision愿景；B. feature特征；C. value价值；D. impact影响。结合前文内容可知，张玉鹏本来是一个问题青年，但是在找到自己的激情所后，他通过努力练习自己的技能，获得了法国第47届世界技能大赛上获得金牌，实现了自己的价值。故选C项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Young people work hard to get their qualifications. ____11____ employers today often find that soft skills matter just as much, if not more. These skills include ____12____ (manage) your time wisely, solving problems creatively, and communicating effectively. Unlike qualifications, ____13____ mainly show what you know, soft skills show how you deal with others. People with these abilities are more likely to perform better in their jobs. The good news is that soft skills can be trained. You can develop them ____14____ paying attention to how you think, listening actively to others, and reflecting on your daily interactions. 【答案】11. But 12. managing 13. which 14. by 【解析】 【导语】文章指出年轻人在努力获得学历的同时，雇主同样看重时间管理、解决问题和沟通等软技能，而这些技能可以通过日常训练培养。 【11题详解】 考查连词。句意：但如今的雇主经常发现，软技能即使不是更重要，也同样重要。前文提到年轻人努力获得学历，后文指出雇主看重软技能，前后为转折关系，应用连词but连接；句首单词首字母大写。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些技能包括明智地管理时间、创造性地解决问题以及有效地沟通。include后接动词时应用动名词形式作宾语，manage的动名词形式为managing。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：与主要展示你所学知识的学历不同，软技能展示你如何与他人相处。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词qualifications，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：你可以通过关注自己的思维方式、积极倾听他人以及反思日常互动来发展这些技能。表示“通过某种方式”，应用介词by，后接动名词短语作宾语。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “Rou Gui”, has been used for centuries for its medicinal value. It ____15____ (consider) a warming herb, meaning that it can help stop cold, relieve pain, and improve circulation, especially in conditions ____16____ (associate) with cold and dampness. Cinnamon helps harmonize the body’s internal environment, strengthen its natural defenses, and promote the flow of vital energy. This unique quality ____17____ (make) it a valuable ingredient in many herbal methods, particularly for those who seek to support their immune system. 【答案】15. is considered 16. associated 17. makes 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍的是肉桂在中医中的应用及其对身体健康和免疫力的益处。 【15题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：它被认为是一种温热性的草药，这意味着它能够帮助抵御寒冷、缓解疼痛以及促进血液循环，尤其适用于那些与寒冷和潮湿有关的病症。主语It与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用is considered。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它被认为是一种温热性的草药，这意味着它能够帮助抵御寒冷、缓解疼痛以及促进血液循环，尤其适用于那些与寒冷和潮湿有关的病症。此处associate与conditions为被动关系，用过去分词associated，作定语。 【17题详解】 考查时态。句意：这种独特的特性使其成为许多草药疗法中的重要成分，尤其适合那些希望增强自身免疫系统的人群。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为quality，谓语用三单形式makes。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Back in the 1960s, a group of cycling fans in Amsterdam came up with a special idea. That is ____18____ the “white bikes” project started. It aimed to save energy and reduce pollution. Initially, the project ____19____ (win) wide public support. However, without strict management, soon all the white bikes were stolen by ____20____ (thief). Years later, the project was restarted. Today, cycling has become a key part of city life in Amsterdam. 【答案】18. why 19. won 20. thieves 【解析】 【导语】主要说明了上世纪60年代阿姆斯特丹推出白色自行车项目，初衷是节能减污，初期颇受欢迎，却因管理缺失车辆被盗。多年后项目重启，如今骑行已是当地生活重要部分。 【18题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：这就是“白色自行车”项目启动的原因。引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故用why。 【19题详解】 考查时态。句意：起初，该项目获得了广泛的公众支持。发生在过去用一般过去时，谓语用过去式won。 【20题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：然而，因为没有严格的管理，很快所有的白色自行车就被小偷偷走了。此处表泛指，数量大于一用thief的复数形式thieves。 第二部分：阅读理解（共38分） 第一节：（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分 ） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上涂黑。 A Investor Services is one of the core departments in Global Core Operations, mainly in charge of shareholder meeting services to listed issuer clients. The Student Intern (实习生) will mainly support the team to ensure timely service delivery. A role you will love: A three-month internship from October to the end of December will be an exciting opportunity for a university student to gain fantastic exposure in a global corporation and deliver shareholder meeting services to listed issuer clients in China. Other key responsibilities include: ·Provide meeting support and organize shareholders’ meetings in Beijing, Shanghai or other locations (including remote areas). ·Conduct meeting operations and learn meeting handling procedures, study various meeting types and their specific requirements. ·Conduct preparation work, including but not limited to, drafting relevant documents, coordinating with relevant parties, arranging meeting logistics and setting up systems. ·Assist daily operation of the team and work closely with team members to ensure all daily tasks are completed accurately and promptly. ·Work at least 4 days a week and frequent travel may be required. Requirements for the role include: ·University students, preferably in Finance, Accounting, Economic, Information Technology, Business or Computer Science related majors. ·Good communication skills, native in Chinese. ·Strong time management skills. ·Ability to work independently and collaboratively under pressure. Rewards designed for you: ·Flexible working time to help you find the best balance between work and lifestyle. ·Health and well being rewards that can be tailored to support you and your family. ·Invest in our business by setting aside salary to purchase shares in our company, and you’ll receive a company contribution as well. 21. In Investor Services, a student intern will ______. A. edit drafts for the relevant clients B. lead and support the team members C. deliver shareholder meeting services D. set up IT systems for the shareholders 22. The interns are required to have ______. A. relevant experience B. good communication skills C. high proficiency in a second language D. applicable degrees in Finance or Accounting 23. What will the company provide for the interns? A. Flexible workplace without pressure. B. Priority to buy company shares. C. Personalized fitness plans. D. Tailored health benefits. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一个在Global Core Operations中Investor Services部门的实习生岗位信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Investor Services is one of the core departments in Global Core Operations, mainly in charge of shareholder meeting services to listed issuer clients.(投资者服务部是全球核心业务的核心部门之一，主要负责向上市发行人客户提供股东大会服务)”可知，在投资者服务部门，学生实习生将提供股东大会服务。故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Requirements for the role include:部分“Good communication skills, native in Chinese.(良好的沟通能力，母语为中文)”可知，实习生需要有良好的沟通技巧。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Rewards designed for you:部分“Health and well being rewards that can be tailored to support you and your family.(健康和福利奖励，可以量身定制，以支持您和您的家人)”可知，公司会为实习生提供量身定制的健康福利。故选D。 B Nici Mense, the New York Jets’ first full-time dietitian, faces the demanding task of managing the daily nutritional needs of professional athletes. Recently, she has successfully completed her seventh season with the team. Properly fueling players so that they feel the difference in their performance is something she learned while playing soccer at university. “I found soccer to be more demanding on my body than I had expected, and I needed to maintain my energy through proper nutrition to match my performance on the field,” she said. “This realization changed my perspective. I’ve always loved sports and food, so combining the two made the most sense.” Mense joined the New York Jets and has stayed in tune with the team’s schedule. “My hours vary from time to time,” she said. “It’s the busiest during training camp through the end of the season. We will work seven days a week unless it’s our bye week, when we don’t play a game during the season. We ensure players fuel properly before, during and after practice. They receive recovery shakes, snacks and fruit for post-practice recovery. While they are in training throughout the day, that’s my time to plan for the weeks ahead.” Occasionally, athletes need a warm-up period when working with a dietitian. “It can be quite challenging to prove that dietitians are here to help them and that we are not the food police,” said Mense. “There are times when a player doesn’t listen to the education and injures themselves. But it’s always so awesome to see when it works for them.” Nevertheless, Mense feels fulfilled in her role and continues to push the athletes, knowing that nutrition is key to fueling performance, recovery and long-term health. Mense describes herself as “obsessed” with her field, constantly evolving and gaining knowledge. “If I am the same dietitian three years from now, then I am doing something wrong,” she declared. “The more open-minded I am, and the more I am able to learn as a professional, the better I can help athletes with their goals.” By staying at the forefront of her field, Mense provides athletes with essential nutrition strategies to support their performance, recovery, and long-term health. With her dedication and expertise, it’s clear that professional athletes are truly eating their way to victory. 24. What motivated Nici Mense to choose her career? A. Her urge to make life changes. B. Her experience of playing soccer. C. Her admiration for athletes’ spirits. D. Her dream of being a professional athlete. 25. What can we learn about Nici Mense? A. She keeps her professional knowledge updated. B. Her priority is to provide post-game recovery meals. C. She works seven days a week during the season period. D. Her working hours are fixed throughout the entire season. 26. Which words can best describe Nici Mense? A. Determined and generous. B. Humble and innovative. C. Talkative and open-minded. D. Enthusiastic and committed. 【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了纽约喷气机队营养师尼西・门斯，包括其职业选择缘由、工作内容及自身专业态度等。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Properly fueling players so that they feel the difference in their performance is something she learned while playing soccer at university. “I found soccer to be more demanding on my body than I had expected, and I needed to maintain my energy through proper nutrition to match my performance on the field,” she said. “This realization changed my perspective. I’ve always loved sports and food, so combining the two made the most sense.”(她是在大学期间踢足球时学到这一点的，即要为球员提供恰当的营养，让他们能感受到自身表现上的变化。“我发现足球对我的身体要求比我预想的要高得多，我需要通过合理的饮食来保持精力，以与球场上的表现相匹配，”她说，“这一认识改变了我的看法。我一直热爱体育和美食，所以将两者结合起来是最合理的选择。”)”可知，是她大学踢足球时的经历让她意识到营养对运动表现的重要性，从而促使她选择了现在的职业。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Mense describes herself as “obsessed” with her field, constantly evolving and gaining knowledge. “If I am the same dietitian three years from now, then I am doing something wrong,” she declared. “The more open-minded I am, and the more I am able to learn as a professional, the better I can help athletes with their goals.”(门斯称自己对自己的领域‘着迷’，不断发展并获取知识。她宣称：‘如果三年后我还是同一个营养师，那我就做错了。我越开明，作为一名专业人士我能学到的越多，我就能越好地帮助运动员实现他们的目标。’)”可知，门斯不断更新自己的专业知识。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。从文中门斯在纽约喷气机队多年，用心满足运动员营养需求，称自己对领域“着迷”，不断更新知识等内容，比如倒数第二段“Mense describes herself as “obsessed” with her field, constantly evolving and gaining knowledge.(Mense 称自己对自己的领域‘着迷’，不断发展并获取知识)”以及最后一段的“With her dedication and expertise, it’s clear that professional athletes are truly eating their way to victory.(凭借她的奉献精神和专业知识，很明显，职业运动员真的是靠吃来取得胜利的)”她始终致力于通过营养助力运动员表现、恢复和健康等方面，能看出她对工作充满热情且尽心尽力，可用Enthusiastic and committed来形容她。 C Imagine a not-too-distant future, where we each inhabit our own AI-driven digital filter (过滤) bubble, crafted for us alone and designed to serve corporate interests. This future resembles 1998’s movie The Truman Show, where the main character unknowingly lived his entire life within a reality TV show designed by a production studio. One subset of AI, large language models (LLM), won’t turn our lives into reality TV shows. Instead, personalized AI agents threaten to cage each of us in an individualized and illusory (虚假的) unreality, profiting from our digital activities and walling us off from genuine connections. Many companies are developing individualized LLM. The underlying principle is that AI will learn about the individual user and adapt accordingly. For example, if you’re a super fan of a football team, you’ll be fed updates, ads, and videos tailored to your interests 24 hours a day. Some algorithms may even learn your schedule, pushing information at you during precisely those times when you’re most likely to be looking. This may sound harmless. But the next step is to use LLM to create memes, or even fake articles,feeding you conspiracy theories about rival teams. This is a miserable reality for at least two reasons.For one, there are neither computational methods or ethical incentives (激励) in place to ensure that the information you receive is true. But just as frightening as the lack of regard for the truth is an even scarier element. You will no longer live with an accurate understanding of football team that is fully compatible with anyone else’s. You will run on information generated only for yourself. This vision is unsettling, even in sports and entertainment. But what of institutions that have more direct social consequences?Education? Politics? With the fall of the press and polarization of everything,conversations around holiday table have already become impossible for many extended families. Bad as the status quo might be, stranger times lie ahead that make us long for today’s echo chambers (信息茧房). Soon, our bubbles will shrink further and further,until our digital worlds involve only ourselves. In an Al-mediated future,everyone will live in a private Truman Show. As a society, we will be completely incapable of making fruitful collective decisions because we will have no shared understanding of the world. What’s the way out? Find your entertainment in spaces with actual people, exchanging thoughts and creations with each other. Even online, we must keep our understanding of the world grounded in human-authored documents and artifacts. Valuing what humans create is not merely a matter of authenticity; it also ensures we focus on arguments that an author cared enough to make, on conservations that speakers cared enough to have. Otherwise,The Truman Show’s premise becomes our reality, unknowingly inhabiting a fake world where our every experience is designed for profit. Even more existentially alienating? Living in a Truman Show where the director, producer and the only one watching is an AI. 27. The author mentions The Truman Show in Paragraph 1 to . A. make a comparison B. illustrate a situation C. support an argument D. propose a suggestion 28. According to the passage, personalized AI agents may . A. isolate individuals in false realities B. confirm the credibility of the content C. discourage the companies’ ethical incentives D. improve user behavior by feeding targeted ads 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Algorithms have raised concerns over privacy. B. LLMs are in great need of computational upgrade. C. Echo chambers weaken collective decision-making. D. Technology development results in polarized society. 30. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. AI and the Future of Human Interaction B. AI Will Turn Our Lives into The Truman Show C. The Truman Show Predicts AI’s Impact on Media D. Algorithmic Bubbles and the Value of Human Creations 【答案】27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了个性化AI代理可能将人类生活变成虚假现实的问题。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine a not-too-distant future, where we each inhabit our own AI-driven digital filter (过滤) bubble, crafted for us alone and designed to serve corporate interests. This future resembles 1998’s movie The Truman Show, where the main character unknowingly lived his entire life within a reality TV show designed by a production studio. (想象一下不太遥远的未来，我们每个人都生活在自己的人工智能驱动的数字过滤泡沫中，这个泡沫是专门为我们打造的，旨在服务企业利益。这个未来类似于1998年的电影《楚门的世界》，在电影中，主角在不知情的情况下，在一档由制作工作室设计的真人秀节目中度过了他的一生。)”可知，作者在第一段提到《楚门的世界》是为了说明一种可能出现的情况，即我们每个人都生活在自己的人工智能驱动的数字过滤泡沫中。故选B。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead, personalized AI agents threaten to cage each of us in an individualized and illusory (虚假的) unreality, profiting from our digital activities and walling us off from genuine connections. (相反，个性化的AI代理威胁着将我们每个人困在一个个性化和虚幻的不真实世界中，从我们的数字活动中获利，并将我们与真正的联系隔离开来)”可知，个性化的AI代理可能会将个人隔离在虚假现实中。故选A。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Bad as the status quo might be, stranger times lie ahead that make us long for today’s echo chambers (信息茧房). Soon, our bubbles will shrink further and further,until our digital worlds involve only ourselves. In an Al-mediated future,everyone will live in a private Truman Show. As a society, we will be completely incapable of making fruitful collective decisions because we will have no shared understanding of the world. (尽管现状可能很糟糕，但更陌生的时代还在前方，让我们怀念今天的信息茧房。很快，我们的泡沫将越来越小，直到我们的数字世界只包含我们自己在一个由AI介导的未来，每个人都将生活在一个私人的《楚门的世界》中。作为一个社会，我们将完全无法做出富有成效的集体决策，因为我们将对世界没有共同的理解)”可知，信息茧房会削弱集体决策能力。故选C。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“Otherwise,The Truman Show’s premise becomes our reality, unknowingly inhabiting a fake world where our every experience is designed for profit. Even more existentially alienating? Living in a Truman Show where the director, producer and the only one watching is an AI. (否则，《楚门的世界》的前提就会成为我们的现实，我们会在不知不觉中生活在一个虚假的世界里，我们的每一次经历都是为了盈利而设计的。更让人感到存在上的疏离呢？生活在一个《楚门的世界》里，导演、制片人和唯一的观众都是人工智能。)”可知，文章主要论述了个性化AI代理可能将人类生活变成虚假现实的问题，就像《楚门的世界》一样。B选项“AI Will Turn Our Lives into The Truman Show (人工智能将把我们的生活变成《楚门的世界》)”最符合文章主旨。故选B。 D Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reasons has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about an argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is honed from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity attend results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However , the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability attends the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have born fruits. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 31. Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A. To predict the research results. B. To emphasize the importance of exploring. C. To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D. To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 32. What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A. Human mind is always blank. B. People’s behaviors are learned. C. Behavior is determined genetically. D. Culture has little influence on human. 33. What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 34. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. The theory of nature is not accepted by the public. B. The theory of nurture is based on the theory of nature. C. The supporters of the two theories agree with each other. D. The theory of nature and the theory of nurture both make sense. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于人性的先天论与后天论的争论。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about an argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate.(心灵的复杂性及其在人类行为上的反映一直是许多研究和争论的主题。在心理学中最古老也是至今仍最被热议的一个论题就是先天与教养的辩论)”可知，文章开头提到好奇心是为了引出人类对世界真理的追求，最终导向对人类心理复杂性的探讨，从而引入“先天与教养”的辩论主题，作者在第一段中提到“好奇心”是为了引出关于天性与教养辩论的探讨。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity attend results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development.(这一理论是以约翰·洛克的“白板说”为指导的，该学说认为人的大脑在最初状态时是一块白板，会逐渐通过直接和间接的经验填充信息。这一理论认为，人们的特性和行为多样性是他们在成长过程中所遇到的社会和文化影响的结果)”可知，“白板说”强调的是人们的行为是通过学习获得的。故选B。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation.(“先天与教养”的辩论这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的并且可以遗传的人类特质。他也相信智力可以从一代传给另一代)”及“However , the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability attends the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct.(然而，教养理论的支持者认为，智力能力是由于获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力并不是遗传的产物，而是更多地源于社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿对教养理论持反对态度，因为他更强调智力的遗传性和可遗传性。故选A。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. (现在的心理学家和研究者们已经接受了这样一个观点：一个人的性格受到其基因构成和环境的极大影响)”可知，作者认为天性和教养的理论都具有一定的道理，因为它们都在某种程度上影响着人类的性格和行为。故选D。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. ____35____ To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. ____36____ Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. ____37____ This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. ____38____ It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study supported the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. ____39____ Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. Researchers found pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 【答案】35. B 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. G 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项关于疼痛感知的新研究，提出了两种假说，并通过实验验证了“惊讶假说”——当实际疼痛与预期差距较大时，大脑会加强疼痛感知。 【35题详解】 上文“This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself.(这种差异表明，疼痛感知并非完全由身体损伤本身决定)”指出疼痛感知还与损伤之外的其他因素有关，B选项“It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations.(它还受到个人预期的强烈影响)”承接上文，具体说明了影响疼痛感知的其他因素——个人预期；文章下文介绍了两种假说，其中“预期”是核心概念，与B选项中的“expectations”直接呼应。 【36题详解】 上文“This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced.(这种差异，也被称为预测差距，在塑造疼痛体验方面起着关键作用)”介绍了“预测差距”这一核心概念，C选项“In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined.(在这项研究中，大脑如何感知疼痛被进行了检验)”承接上文，指出为了探究预测差距如何影响疼痛感知，研究人员进行了相关实验；下文“Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting.(健康的参与者在虚拟现实环境中观察视觉信号的同时，接受了痛苦的加热刺激)”具体描述了实验的操作方法，与C选项中的“examined”形成呼应，上下文语意连贯。 【37题详解】 上文描述了实验方法，下文“This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations.(这种现象发生在实际疼痛远强于大脑预期时)”中的“This phenomenon”提示设空处应介绍这一现象。E选项“Researchers found pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens.(研究人员发现，随着预测差距的扩大，疼痛感知变得更强)”承接上文，介绍了实验的主要发现——预测差距越大，疼痛感知越强；下文中的“This phenomenon”指代E选项中所描述的现象，上下文语意连贯。 【38题详解】 上文“Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels.(他们的发现表明，当预期疼痛水平和实际疼痛水平之间存在显著差异时，大脑会加强疼痛感知)”总结了实验发现，A选项“This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis.(这一证据支持了“惊讶假说”)”承接上文，指出实验结果与惊讶假说相印证；下文“It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain.(它为理解大脑如何处理疼痛提供了一个更准确的框架)”中的“It”指代A选项中的“Surprise Hypothesis”，说明这一假说的价值，上下文语意连贯。 【39题详解】 上文“This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain.(他们预期与实际疼痛体验之间的这种不匹配会进一步加强他们对疼痛的感知)”指出预期与实际不匹配会加剧疼痛感，G选项“Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain.(缩小预期与现实之间的差距可能在减轻疼痛方面起关键作用)”承接上文，提出相反的解决思路——缩小差距有助于减轻疼痛；下文“Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain.(深入了解大脑如何处理疼痛的过程，还有助于开发出更有效的治疗方法，从而最终促进慢性疼痛的康复)”进一步说明研究疼痛机制对治疗的意义，与G选项中的“reducing pain”相呼应。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun (双关语)-The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. When it comes to achieving success, there’s no denying that teamwork plays a crucial role. We’ve all been there-group projects at school, working with colleagues at the office or playing sports with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets goals based on outcomes and results to complete its tasks. It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed. Mostly, in typical workplace culture, being focus on individual pursuits is considered plain selfish, but is supporting individuals in their own pursuits really anti-team? Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business School did research, demonstrating the benefits of giving employees paid time to follow their own individual pursuits. Since then, some notable companies have introduced unstructured time into their workplaces. Globally, 85% of employees are disengaged in their work. In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. When teams understand what matters to the individuals within them, they are able to better empathize with each other and have each others’ backs. There is an “I” in team and when we start to implement programs that support individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are more creative, more engaged and more productive. 40. What idea does the idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” highlight? _______________________________________________________________ 41. Why is it important to put “I” back into team? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. _______________________________________________________________ 43. As an individual, how can you play your role in a team? _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. 41. It can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. 42. According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. According to Daniel Pink, the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. 43. As an individual in a team, I should firstly understand my role within the team and work to achieve my duties to the best of my ability. Working well with others is also important because it shows that I’m committed to achieving both personal and organizational goals. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了习语No ‘I’ in Team的意义，团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上。而现在有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun-The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals.(习语“No ‘I’ in Team”基于双关语——team一词不包含字母i，这强调了团队成员应该共同努力实现共同目标，而不是把注意力集中在个人身上)”可知，No ‘I’ in Team强调了团队成员不应该把注意力集中在个人身上，而应该共同努力实现他们的共同目标。故答案为Instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement.(有证据表明，把“我”放回团队可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度)”可知，把“我”放回团队很重要，是因为这可以提高工作场所的生产力和员工敬业度。故答案为It can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives.(在Daniel Pink的《驱动力》一书中，他认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活)”可知，“激励85%员工的有效方法是设定公司希望员工实现的目标”表述错误，Daniel Pink认为激励员工的最佳方式不是胡萝卜加大棒的方法，而是允许并使他们能够指导自己的生活。故答案为According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. According to Daniel Pink, the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. 【43题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed.(重要的是，每个成员都知道团队的工作方向、他们的责任以及他们如何实现团队的集体目标。团队中的团队成员共享工作负载并相互帮助以取得成功是至关重要的)”可知，作为团队中的个人，要想在团队中发挥自己的作用，我应该首先了解自己在团队中的角色，并尽我所能履行职责。与他人良好合作也很重要，因为这表明我致力于实现个人和组织目标。故答案为As an individual in a team, I should firstly understand my role within the team and work to achieve my duties to the best of my ability. Working well with others is also important because it shows that I’m committed to achieving both personal and organizational goals. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： (1)活动形式； (2)活动内容。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. You can showcase garbage classification on site, plant trees and publicize sharing economy, which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”. Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Jim策划的“绿色北京”社团活动给出一些建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 建议：suggestion→tip 提供：offer→provide 开展：carry out→conduct 主题：theme→topic 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my d help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. 拓展句：Since you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting involved in different activities by themselves. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第二十中学2025-2026学年第二学期五月高一英语试卷 （时间：90 分钟 满分：100 分） 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Zhang Yupeng, once a “ troubled” youth, won the gold medal at the 47th World Skills Competition in France. In 2018, things ____1____ when he saw older students crafting delicate, sparkling jewelry. The process of designing and crafting jewelry with precious metals grabbed his interest, ____2____ him to choose jewelry design as his path. However, because Zhang had been inattentive to his studies before, he had to start from the beginning. He spent ____3____ hours building his skills, practicing everything from drawing and cutting to welding (焊接) and polishing. “I don’t even remember how many sheets of paper I used, how many pens I wore out, or how many failed pieces I made,” he said. His ____4____ finally woke his inborn talent, enabling him to quickly master important skills and get them down to a fine art. “Every time I create a piece, I feel like I’m having a conversation. That connection with art brings me immense joy, The sense of happiness is indescribable, especially when inspiration strikes, or when a piece is ____5____polished,” he says, His work began to gain recognition at various events. Zhang ___6___ his progress to all the setbacks he encountered, and to weaknesses he discovered during each competition. He ____7____ remembers his instructor telling him that results were secondary, and what was important was to observe the differences between himself and others, identify any issues, and think about how to improve. To him, there’s no shortcut ____8____ hard work to make it into the top arena (竞技舞台). Zhang is now passing on his experience to younger students as a tutor “If my experience is any ____9____, young people should find what they are passionate about and understand that only with hard work can they realize their ____10____ in their chosen field,” he said. 1. A. occurred B. passed C. appeared D. changed 2. A. forcing B. guiding C. inspiring D. convincing 3. A. happy B. limited C. countless D. precious 4. A. effort B. confidence C. ambition D. courage 5. A. quickly B. perfectly C. carefully D. immediately 6. A. matches B. relates C. compares D. owes 7. A. clearly B. suddenly C. proudly D. occasionally 8. A. in spite of B. apart from C. due to D. in terms of 9. A. reference B. evidence C. influence D. convenience 10. A. vision B. feature C. value D. impact 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Young people work hard to get their qualifications. ____11____ employers today often find that soft skills matter just as much, if not more. These skills include ____12____ (manage) your time wisely, solving problems creatively, and communicating effectively. Unlike qualifications, ____13____ mainly show what you know, soft skills show how you deal with others. People with these abilities are more likely to perform better in their jobs. The good news is that soft skills can be trained. You can develop them ____14____ paying attention to how you think, listening actively to others, and reflecting on your daily interactions. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In Traditional Chinese Medicine, cinnamon, known as “Rou Gui”, has been used for centuries for its medicinal value. It ____15____ (consider) a warming herb, meaning that it can help stop cold, relieve pain, and improve circulation, especially in conditions ____16____ (associate) with cold and dampness. Cinnamon helps harmonize the body’s internal environment, strengthen its natural defenses, and promote the flow of vital energy. This unique quality ____17____ (make) it a valuable ingredient in many herbal methods, particularly for those who seek to support their immune system. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 Back in the 1960s, a group of cycling fans in Amsterdam came up with a special idea. That is ____18____ the “white bikes” project started. It aimed to save energy and reduce pollution. Initially, the project ____19____ (win) wide public support. However, without strict management, soon all the white bikes were stolen by ____20____ (thief). Years later, the project was restarted. Today, cycling has become a key part of city life in Amsterdam. 第二部分：阅读理解（共38分） 第一节：（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分 ） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上涂黑。 A Investor Services is one of the core departments in Global Core Operations, mainly in charge of shareholder meeting services to listed issuer clients. The Student Intern (实习生) will mainly support the team to ensure timely service delivery. A role you will love: A three-month internship from October to the end of December will be an exciting opportunity for a university student to gain fantastic exposure in a global corporation and deliver shareholder meeting services to listed issuer clients in China. Other key responsibilities include: ·Provide meeting support and organize shareholders’ meetings in Beijing, Shanghai or other locations (including remote areas). ·Conduct meeting operations and learn meeting handling procedures, study various meeting types and their specific requirements. ·Conduct preparation work, including but not limited to, drafting relevant documents, coordinating with relevant parties, arranging meeting logistics and setting up systems. ·Assist daily operation of the team and work closely with team members to ensure all daily tasks are completed accurately and promptly. ·Work at least 4 days a week and frequent travel may be required. Requirements for the role include: ·University students, preferably in Finance, Accounting, Economic, Information Technology, Business or Computer Science related majors. ·Good communication skills, native in Chinese. ·Strong time management skills. ·Ability to work independently and collaboratively under pressure. Rewards designed for you: ·Flexible working time to help you find the best balance between work and lifestyle. ·Health and well being rewards that can be tailored to support you and your family. ·Invest in our business by setting aside salary to purchase shares in our company, and you’ll receive a company contribution as well. 21. In Investor Services, a student intern will ______. A. edit drafts for the relevant clients B. lead and support the team members C. deliver shareholder meeting services D. set up IT systems for the shareholders 22. The interns are required to have ______. A. relevant experience B. good communication skills C. high proficiency in a second language D. applicable degrees in Finance or Accounting 23. What will the company provide for the interns? A. Flexible workplace without pressure. B. Priority to buy company shares. C. Personalized fitness plans. D. Tailored health benefits. B Nici Mense, the New York Jets’ first full-time dietitian, faces the demanding task of managing the daily nutritional needs of professional athletes. Recently, she has successfully completed her seventh season with the team. Properly fueling players so that they feel the difference in their performance is something she learned while playing soccer at university. “I found soccer to be more demanding on my body than I had expected, and I needed to maintain my energy through proper nutrition to match my performance on the field,” she said. “This realization changed my perspective. I’ve always loved sports and food, so combining the two made the most sense.” Mense joined the New York Jets and has stayed in tune with the team’s schedule. “My hours vary from time to time,” she said. “It’s the busiest during training camp through the end of the season. We will work seven days a week unless it’s our bye week, when we don’t play a game during the season. We ensure players fuel properly before, during and after practice. They receive recovery shakes, snacks and fruit for post-practice recovery. While they are in training throughout the day, that’s my time to plan for the weeks ahead.” Occasionally, athletes need a warm-up period when working with a dietitian. “It can be quite challenging to prove that dietitians are here to help them and that we are not the food police,” said Mense. “There are times when a player doesn’t listen to the education and injures themselves. But it’s always so awesome to see when it works for them.” Nevertheless, Mense feels fulfilled in her role and continues to push the athletes, knowing that nutrition is key to fueling performance, recovery and long-term health. Mense describes herself as “obsessed” with her field, constantly evolving and gaining knowledge. “If I am the same dietitian three years from now, then I am doing something wrong,” she declared. “The more open-minded I am, and the more I am able to learn as a professional, the better I can help athletes with their goals.” By staying at the forefront of her field, Mense provides athletes with essential nutrition strategies to support their performance, recovery, and long-term health. With her dedication and expertise, it’s clear that professional athletes are truly eating their way to victory. 24. What motivated Nici Mense to choose her career? A. Her urge to make life changes. B. Her experience of playing soccer. C. Her admiration for athletes’ spirits. D. Her dream of being a professional athlete. 25. What can we learn about Nici Mense? A. She keeps her professional knowledge updated. B. Her priority is to provide post-game recovery meals. C. She works seven days a week during the season period. D. Her working hours are fixed throughout the entire season. 26. Which words can best describe Nici Mense? A. Determined and generous. B. Humble and innovative. C. Talkative and open-minded. D. Enthusiastic and committed. C Imagine a not-too-distant future, where we each inhabit our own AI-driven digital filter (过滤) bubble, crafted for us alone and designed to serve corporate interests. This future resembles 1998’s movie The Truman Show, where the main character unknowingly lived his entire life within a reality TV show designed by a production studio. One subset of AI, large language models (LLM), won’t turn our lives into reality TV shows. Instead, personalized AI agents threaten to cage each of us in an individualized and illusory (虚假的) unreality, profiting from our digital activities and walling us off from genuine connections. Many companies are developing individualized LLM. The underlying principle is that AI will learn about the individual user and adapt accordingly. For example, if you’re a super fan of a football team, you’ll be fed updates, ads, and videos tailored to your interests 24 hours a day. Some algorithms may even learn your schedule, pushing information at you during precisely those times when you’re most likely to be looking. This may sound harmless. But the next step is to use LLM to create memes, or even fake articles,feeding you conspiracy theories about rival teams. This is a miserable reality for at least two reasons.For one, there are neither computational methods or ethical incentives (激励) in place to ensure that the information you receive is true. But just as frightening as the lack of regard for the truth is an even scarier element. You will no longer live with an accurate understanding of football team that is fully compatible with anyone else’s. You will run on information generated only for yourself. This vision is unsettling, even in sports and entertainment. But what of institutions that have more direct social consequences?Education? Politics? With the fall of the press and polarization of everything,conversations around holiday table have already become impossible for many extended families. Bad as the status quo might be, stranger times lie ahead that make us long for today’s echo chambers (信息茧房). Soon, our bubbles will shrink further and further,until our digital worlds involve only ourselves. In an Al-mediated future,everyone will live in a private Truman Show. As a society, we will be completely incapable of making fruitful collective decisions because we will have no shared understanding of the world. What’s the way out? Find your entertainment in spaces with actual people, exchanging thoughts and creations with each other. Even online, we must keep our understanding of the world grounded in human-authored documents and artifacts. Valuing what humans create is not merely a matter of authenticity; it also ensures we focus on arguments that an author cared enough to make, on conservations that speakers cared enough to have. Otherwise,The Truman Show’s premise becomes our reality, unknowingly inhabiting a fake world where our every experience is designed for profit. Even more existentially alienating? Living in a Truman Show where the director, producer and the only one watching is an AI. 27. The author mentions The Truman Show in Paragraph 1 to . A. make a comparison B. illustrate a situation C. support an argument D. propose a suggestion 28. According to the passage, personalized AI agents may . A. isolate individuals in false realities B. confirm the credibility of the content C. discourage the companies’ ethical incentives D. improve user behavior by feeding targeted ads 29. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Algorithms have raised concerns over privacy. B. LLMs are in great need of computational upgrade. C. Echo chambers weaken collective decision-making. D. Technology development results in polarized society. 30. Which would be the best title for this passage? A. AI and the Future of Human Interaction B. AI Will Turn Our Lives into The Truman Show C. The Truman Show Predicts AI’s Impact on Media D. Algorithmic Bubbles and the Value of Human Creations D Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reasons has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about an argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is honed from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity attend results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However , the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability attends the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have born fruits. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 31. Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A. To predict the research results. B. To emphasize the importance of exploring. C. To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D. To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 32. What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A. Human mind is always blank. B. People’s behaviors are learned. C. Behavior is determined genetically. D. Culture has little influence on human. 33. What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A. Disapproving. B. Supportive. C. Neutral. D. Cautious. 34. Which of the following might the author agree with? A. The theory of nature is not accepted by the public. B. The theory of nurture is based on the theory of nature. C. The supporters of the two theories agree with each other. D. The theory of nature and the theory of nurture both make sense. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain More Strongly Pain perception (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same person across different situations. In some cases, an injury or physical illness may lead to stronger pain than expected, while similar injuries at other times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perception is not entirely determined by the physical injury itself. ____35____ To explain this phenomenon, a new study has introduced two main assumptions. One is the Estimate Hypothesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity of pain based on predictions it makes about the injury. The other is the Surprise Hypothesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually occurred. This difference, also known as the prediction gap, plays a key role in shaping how pain is experienced. ____36____ Healthy participants were subjected to painful hot-based stimuli (刺激), while observing visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either associated with painful or non-painful experiences. Participants were then asked to report their pain intensity. ____37____ This phenomenon occurs when the actual pain is much stronger than the brain’s expectations. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perception when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. ____38____ It provides a more accurate framework for understanding how the brain processes pain. The study supported the idea that the difference between expectation and reality causes pain to feel worse. Individuals with persistent pain often experience uncertain fears and anxieties about their condition. This mismatch between their expectations and the actual experience of pain can further strengthen how strongly they perceive the pain. ____39____ Gaining deeper insights into how the brain processes pain could also contribute to the development of more effective treatments, ultimately improving recovery from persistent pain. A. This evidence supports the Surprise Hypothesis. B. It is also strongly influenced by individual expectations. C. In this study, how the brain perceives pain was examined. D. In contrast, the gap will determine the intensity of the pain one feels. E. Researchers found pain perception becomes more intense as the prediction gap widens. F. The findings highlight the importance of psychological factors in pain management. G. Narrowing this gap between expectation and reality may play a key role in reducing pain. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” is based on a pun (双关语)-The word “team” does not contain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead of focusing on themselves as individuals, team members should work together to achieve their common goals. When it comes to achieving success, there’s no denying that teamwork plays a crucial role. We’ve all been there-group projects at school, working with colleagues at the office or playing sports with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets goals based on outcomes and results to complete its tasks. It’s important that each member knows the direction the team is working toward, their responsibilities, and how they aim to achieve the team’s collective goals. It’s essential that group members within the team share workloads and help each other to succeed. Mostly, in typical workplace culture, being focus on individual pursuits is considered plain selfish, but is supporting individuals in their own pursuits really anti-team? Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back into team can improve workplace productivity and employee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business School did research, demonstrating the benefits of giving employees paid time to follow their own individual pursuits. Since then, some notable companies have introduced unstructured time into their workplaces. Globally, 85% of employees are disengaged in their work. In Daniel Pink’s book Drive, he argues that the best way to motivate employees is not through the carrot and stick approach but rather through allowing and enabling them to direct their own lives. When teams understand what matters to the individuals within them, they are able to better empathize with each other and have each others’ backs. There is an “I” in team and when we start to implement programs that support individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are more creative, more engaged and more productive. 40. What idea does the idiom “No ‘I’ in Team” highlight? _______________________________________________________________ 41. Why is it important to put “I” back into team? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. According to Danile Pink, the effective way to motivate the 85% employees is to set the goal the company would like their employees to achieve. _______________________________________________________________ 43. As an individual, how can you play your role in a team? _______________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： (1)活动形式； (2)活动内容。 注意：(1)词数100左右； (2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim， ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $