Unit6 Disaster and hope如何写自然灾害安全指南（单元同步写作讲义）英语外研版必修第三册

本高中英语讲义聚焦必修第三册Unit6“Disaster and hope”单元核心写作任务，系统构建自然灾害安全指南写作知识体系。先解析安全指南文体特征，明确开头（分析危险）、主体（准备措施、应对方法、禁忌事项）的结构框架，再通过语言技巧（一般现在时、祈使句、简单句）和叙述逻辑（分层展开、有序排列）搭建写作支架，辅以教材及拓展话题词汇，并结合高考案例示范从审题到句式升级的完整写作流程。 该资料亮点在于深度融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“理论解析—案例示范—实践应用”三层设计提升教学实效。语言能力方面，提供夺人眼球开头句、亮点篇中句等模板，引导学生精准运用祈使句和复合句；思维品质上，以地震安全指南写作为例，训练学生按时间顺序分层叙述的逻辑思维。多样化实践任务（如暴风雨安全海报、环保倡议信）既辅助课堂教学，又助力学生课后应用巩固，有效查漏补缺。

必修第三册 Unit6 Disaster and hope 如何写自然灾害安全指南 单元写作早知道 写作任务 本单元的写作任务是写一篇自然灾害安全指南。安全指南是上级对下级、组织对成员、政府对民众等布置安全工作、传达安全建议等使用的一种应用文体, 在日常生活和工作中为人们广泛使用。 自然灾害会给人们的生命财产造成巨大的损失, 自然灾害相关的安全指南可以向人们普及应对自然灾害的自我保护知识, 从而在一定程度上减少损失。 安全指南结构： 1．开头(beginning)——分析遇到的危险 2.主体1(body1)——介绍危险来临前的各种准备 3．主体2(body2)——危险中的各种应对措施 4．主体3(body3)——写出危险中不应该做的 写作技巧 ①语言特点 ▲多用一般现在时。安全指南主要表达日常工作、学习和生活中的注意事项, 因此文中时态以一般现在时为主。 ▲多用祈使句。安全指南主要是对活动参加者提出的要求或注意事项。 ▲多用简单句。写安全指南的目的是把将要进行的活动及有关事项交代清楚, 所以采用的句子必须简洁明了, 以短句、单句为主, 能使读者一目了然。 ②叙述特点 按类别分层展开叙述注意事项。每个事项用一个或多个句子表达, 这样能使层次清晰, 切忌用一个句子表达几个事项。罗列信息点时, 按主次、详略、类别、时间等顺序排列, 以确定先写什么后写什么。用文字表达时, 必须做到明确清楚, 不能含糊其辞。 常用表达 .话题词汇 教材词汇 (1)natural disaster　自然灾害(2)measure措施 (3)reduce 减少(4)keep calm 保持冷静 (5)sufficient food and water 充足的食物和水 (6)keep in mind记住(7)get prepared for...为……做好准备 (8)keep away from... 远离…… (9)some tips on flood safety 关于洪水安全的建议 (10)prepare a safeguard 准备安全防护装置 (11)listen to the weather warnings 收听天气警报 其他词汇 (1)turn off the power supply 切断电源 (2)join in basic medical training 参加基本的医疗培训 (3)escape from accident 逃离意外事故 (4)in case of fire 万一着火 (5)trapped/buried under the ruins 被困/埋在废墟下 (6)pay attention to safety 关注安全 1.Here, I’d like to share with you some advice/tips on how to escape from an earthquake. 2.What to do before the earthquake: Not only learn more about the earthquake knowledge but also keep things in good order to ensure a smooth exit.这里, 我要跟你分享一些关于如何逃离地震的建议 近些年，世界多地地震频发。假设我们正在教室里上课，突然发生地震了。我们该怎么办？下列表格可以给我们安全提示： 地震发生前要做的事情 1.平时多了解地震方面的知识 2．东西安放有序，保障安全出口畅通 地震发生时，要做的事情 1.一切行动听从老师的指挥 2．同学之间要互相照顾，前后要保持一定距离，并有序地撤离 地震发生时，不能做的事情 1.绝不要乱跑，尤其是不要急于涌向楼梯口，这样做容易造成踩踏事件 2．不要急于打电话，以免线路拥挤，影响救灾指挥通讯 第一步：认真审题　谋篇布局 体裁 人称 时态 要 点 结 构 图 首段 引出话题 地震安全指南 第一人称 一般现在时 主体段落 地震前要做的事情以及地震中能做的事情 尾段 地震中不能做的事情 第二步：斟词酌句　靓化表达 1．最近，世界地震频发。 Recently,_there_are_frequent_earthquakes_in_the_world. 2．假设我们正在上课，突然发生地震了，我们该怎么办？ 下面是一些地震安全技巧。 What_should_we_do_if_an_earthquake_suddenly_strikes_when_we_are_in_class?_Here_are_some_earthquake_safety_tips. 3．地震发生前，不仅要多了解地震方面的知识，也要注意东西安放有序以保障安全出口畅通。 Not_only_should_we_learn_more_about_the_earthquake_knowledge_but_also_keep_things_in_order_to_ensure_a_smooth_exit_before_an_earthquake. 4．地震发生时：(1)一切行动听从老师的指挥。(2)同学之间要互相照顾，前后保持一定距离，并有序地撤离。During_the_earthquake： (1)We_should_follow_the_teacher's_instructions_in_all_actions. (2)Take_care_of_each_other_while_keeping_some_distance_back_and_forth_and_evacuating_orderly. 5．地震发生时不要做的事情：(1)绝不要乱跑，尤其是不要急于涌向楼梯口，这样做容易造成踩踏事件。 (2)不要急于打电话，以免线路拥挤，影响救灾指挥通讯。 What not to do during the earthquake: (1)Do not run in a mess especially do not be eager to rush to the stairway entrance, which is easy to cause a stampede. (2)Do not call in a hurry, in case the line is busy, which can affect Disaster Relief Command Communication. 第三步：句式升级　造亮点 用含多个从句的复合句结尾 Do_remember_neither_to_run_in_a_mess_especially_do_not_be_eager_to_rush_to_the_stairway_entrance,_which_is_easy_to_cause_a_stampede,_nor_call_in_a_hurry,_in_case_the_line_is_busy,_which_can_affect_Disaster_Relief_Command_Communication_during_the_earthquake. 第四步：合理过渡　完美卷面 答案　 Recently, there are frequent earthquakes in the world. What should we do if an earthquake suddenly strikes when we are in class? Here are some earthquake safety tips. Not only should we learn more about the earthquake knowledge but also keep things in order to ensure a smooth exit before an earthquake. During the earthquake：(1)We should follow the teacher's instructions in all actions. (2)Take care of each other while keeping some distance back and forth and evacuating orderly. Do remember neither to run in a mess especially do not be eager to rush to the stairway entrance, which is easy to cause a stampede, nor call in a hurry, in case the line is busy, which can affect Disaster Relief Command Communication during the earthquake. 夺人眼球开头句 1.In recent years, there are frequent earthquakes in many parts of the world. 近些年，世界多地地震频发。 2．What can we do in the face of an earthquake? 面对地震发生，我们能做些什么呢？ 3.Natural disasters frequently take place on the earth. 地球上经常发生自然灾害。 4.Knowing what to do during an earthquake helps greatly reduce the damage.地震发生时知道做什么能够很大程度上减少损失。 5.It’s important to learn some important tips to protect yourself from possible injuries. 学习一些重要的技巧来保护你免受可能的伤害是很重要的。 6.Here, I’d like to share with you some advice/tips on how to escape from an earthquake.在这里, 我要跟你分享一些关于如何逃离地震的建议。 亮点出彩篇中句 1．Suppose that when we are in the classroom in class, an earthquake suddenly strikes. What should we do if that happens? 假设我们正在教室里上课，突然发生地震了。如果这样的事情发生了我们该怎么办？ 2．What to do before the earthquake: Not only learn more about the earthquake knowledge but also keep things in good order to ensure a smooth exit. 地震发生前做的事情：不仅要多了解地震方面的知识，也要注意东西安放有序以保障安全出口畅通。 3．Take care of each other and evacuate orderly. 要互相照顾，并有序地撤离。 ①It’s necessary to provide regular first aid training for the public so as to improve their knowledge of first aid. 给公众提供定期的急救培训来提高他们的急救知识是非常必要的。 4The earthquake drill is important for us students, from which we have learned how to escape and protect ourselves when an earthquake happens. 地震演练对于我们学生来说非常重要, 通过演练, 我们学会了当地震发生时如何逃生, 如何保护自己。 5.When an earthquake occurs, you are supposed to run downstairs instead of taking a lift. 当地震发生时, 你应该跑下楼梯而不是乘坐电梯。 6Make sure to keep calm and do not shout when facing the disaster. 面对灾难时, 一定要保持冷静, 不要大喊大叫。 7.After the earthquake, we should leave the dangerous area immediately in case of strong aftershocks. 地震发生后, 我们应立即离开危险区域, 以防发生强烈余震。 8.As long as we can keep the tips in mind, we can increase the chances of surviving the disaster. 只要我们能记住这些窍门, 我们就更有可能在灾难中幸存下来。 9.Do not run in a mess, especially do not be eager to rush to the stairway entrance, which is easy to cause a stampede. 绝不要乱跑，尤其是不要急于涌向楼梯口，这样做容易造成踩踏事件。 10.When you can't escape，don't hide in the attic or closet. 当无路可逃时，不要藏在顶楼或者壁橱等地方。 11.．Learn more self­rescue common sense in advance. 提前学会更多的自救常识。 韵味无穷结尾句 1.No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties. 2.Helping those who are in need is making a great difference. 帮助需要帮助的人让这个世界大不同。 3．Keep in mind that you should keep calm and don't panic.要记住保持冷静不要慌乱。 【实践应用】 　　假如你是李华, 在“国际减轻自然灾害日”到来之际, 学校英文版校报正在征集关于“地震逃生知识”的稿件, 请你写一篇地震安全指南并投稿。要点包括: 1.背景及目的;2.具体建议。 【写作思维流程】 Step 1:谋篇布局 Step 2:遣词造句 1.我们必须记住一些安全建议, 那样我们就可以保护自己免受伤害。 We must keep some safety tips in mind ____________________________________________.  2.待在安全的地方, 不要匆忙地乱跑。 Stay at a safe place and do not run ____________________________________________..  3.如果在房间里, 你应该藏在牢固的东西下面, 如桌子或者床下面。 _________________________, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.  4.如果(你)在户外, 找一个空旷的地方, 不要靠近汽车或水边。(一句多译) →If (you are) in the open air, ____________________________________________. →____________________________________________. if (you are) in the open air.  5.绝对不要乘电梯下楼。 ____________________________________________.to go downstairs.  6.地震很强大, 如果我们有战胜它们的信念, 永不放弃, 我们一定能够克服任何困难。 The earthquakes are strong;____________________________________________. Step 3:句式升级 7.用it 作形式主语改写句1 ____________________________________________________________________________. 8.用省略句改写句3 _______________________________________________________________________________..  9.用让步状语从句改写句6 ________________________________________________________________________________________.. Step 4:完美成篇 We all know that earthquakes frequently take place on the earth.Therefore, it is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries. ________________________________________________________________________________________.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties. 夏天即将来临，暴雨增多，积水增加，洪水泛滥。新华学校为了增加学生的安全自救常识，准备了一份关于暴风雨时的安全知识宣传海报。请根据以下提示拟定海报内容。 1．收听广播或看电视，了解天气信息； 2．一旦遇到洪水，尽量待在高处，或者抓住能在水中漂浮的东西； 3．暴雨中不要在大树下避雨，尽量避免在积水深的地方行走； 4．…… 要求：1.词数：80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使文章连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 灾害虽突如其来，却无法磨灭希望的光芒。你校英语报以“Disaster and hope”为主题，邀请同学们撰写安全指南，分享防灾知识与灾后保持希望的方法。请你根据以下要点完成写作，内容包括： 1. 常见灾害的安全防护措施； 2. 灾害中保持希望、互助自救的方法。 注意：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 可适当发挥，使行文连贯。 审题谋篇 STEP Ⅰ审题构思出框架 ①明确体裁话题→应用文（安全指南）、主题Disaster and hope，介绍防灾知识与灾后希望之道。 ②确定时态人称→一般现在时为主（指南说明、常识科普）；以第一人称为辅，可使用第二人称增强指导性。 ③ 构思文章框架→三段式：首段：点明灾害与希望的主题，引出安全指南的重要性 中段：列举具体的防灾自救措施（这个是本篇文章的重难点） 尾段：总结保持希望、互助共渡难关的意义。 接下来细化主要内容→安全指南的具体要点（这个是本篇文章的重难点） 在这里给出例子：地震避险（躲桌下、不乘电梯）、火灾逃生（湿毛巾捂口鼻、低姿前进）、洪水防范（向高处转移）等；灾后希望（保持联系、互相鼓励、重建信心）。 将措施分点表述清晰，逻辑连贯即可组成文章中段主要部分。 ．为增强师生的防灾避险意识，你校于上周五下午组织全体师生开展了地震应急疏散演练。消防员还到校讲解了地震自救知识并演示了灭火器的使用方法。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：1. 参加人员；2. 活动过程；3. 活动反响。 注意：写作词数应为80左右；请按如下格式作答，标题已给出。 参考词汇：防灾避险 disaster prevention    地震应急疏散演练an earthquake evacuation drill 灭火器 fire extinguishers Earthquake Safety First _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 假定你是学校英语校报记者李华。上周五学校举办了地震演练活动。请为校报撰写一篇题为“Campus Earthquake Drill”的英文新闻报道分享此次活动，内容包括： (1) 活动内容； (2) 活动反响。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 提示词：drill演练 Campus Earthquake Drill ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 假定你是学校学生会的一位干部，近来我国河南省多处遭受水灾，请以学生会的名义就环境保护问题给全校学生写一封英文倡议信并刊登在你校英文报上，内容包括： 1. 极端天气频繁的原因及其负面影响； 2. 提出具体保护环境的措施。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右（开头和结尾均已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear teachers and fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Students’ Union How to Protect Ourselves When Natural Disasters Happen 内容包括： 1. 简要介绍一种常见自然灾害（如地震、洪水、台风等）及其危害。 2. 说明遇到自然灾害时，应如何自救与互助。 3. 作为中学生，谈谈平时应如何提高防灾意识、做好应对准备。 字数：150个字 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修第三册 Unit6 Disaster and hope 如何写自然灾害安全指南 单元写作早知道 写作任务 本单元的写作任务是写一篇自然灾害安全指南。安全指南是上级对下级、组织对成员、政府对民众等布置安全工作、传达安全建议等使用的一种应用文体, 在日常生活和工作中为人们广泛使用。 自然灾害会给人们的生命财产造成巨大的损失, 自然灾害相关的安全指南可以向人们普及应对自然灾害的自我保护知识, 从而在一定程度上减少损失。 安全指南结构： 1．开头(beginning)——分析遇到的危险 2.主体1(body1)——介绍危险来临前的各种准备 3．主体2(body2)——危险中的各种应对措施 4．主体3(body3)——写出危险中不应该做的 写作技巧 ①语言特点 ▲多用一般现在时。安全指南主要表达日常工作、学习和生活中的注意事项, 因此文中时态以一般现在时为主。 ▲多用祈使句。安全指南主要是对活动参加者提出的要求或注意事项。 ▲多用简单句。写安全指南的目的是把将要进行的活动及有关事项交代清楚, 所以采用的句子必须简洁明了, 以短句、单句为主, 能使读者一目了然。 ②叙述特点 按类别分层展开叙述注意事项。每个事项用一个或多个句子表达, 这样能使层次清晰, 切忌用一个句子表达几个事项。罗列信息点时, 按主次、详略、类别、时间等顺序排列, 以确定先写什么后写什么。用文字表达时, 必须做到明确清楚, 不能含糊其辞。 常用表达 .话题词汇 教材词汇 (1)natural disaster　自然灾害(2)measure措施 (3)reduce 减少(4)keep calm 保持冷静 (5)sufficient food and water 充足的食物和水 (6)keep in mind记住(7)get prepared for...为……做好准备 (8)keep away from... 远离…… (9)some tips on flood safety 关于洪水安全的建议 (10)prepare a safeguard 准备安全防护装置 (11)listen to the weather warnings 收听天气警报 其他词汇 (1)turn off the power supply 切断电源 (2)join in basic medical training 参加基本的医疗培训 (3)escape from accident 逃离意外事故 (4)in case of fire 万一着火 (5)trapped/buried under the ruins 被困/埋在废墟下 (6)pay attention to safety 关注安全 1.Here, I’d like to share with you some advice/tips on how to escape from an earthquake. 2.What to do before the earthquake: Not only learn more about the earthquake knowledge but also keep things in good order to ensure a smooth exit.这里, 我要跟你分享一些关于如何逃离地震的建议 近些年，世界多地地震频发。假设我们正在教室里上课，突然发生地震了。我们该怎么办？下列表格可以给我们安全提示： 地震发生前要做的事情 1.平时多了解地震方面的知识 2．东西安放有序，保障安全出口畅通 地震发生时，要做的事情 1.一切行动听从老师的指挥 2．同学之间要互相照顾，前后要保持一定距离，并有序地撤离 地震发生时，不能做的事情 1.绝不要乱跑，尤其是不要急于涌向楼梯口，这样做容易造成踩踏事件 2．不要急于打电话，以免线路拥挤，影响救灾指挥通讯 第一步：认真审题　谋篇布局 体裁 人称 时态 要 点 结 构 图 首段 引出话题 地震安全指南 第一人称 一般现在时 主体段落 地震前要做的事情以及地震中能做的事情 尾段 地震中不能做的事情 第二步：斟词酌句　靓化表达 1．最近，世界地震频发。 Recently,_there_are_frequent_earthquakes_in_the_world. 2．假设我们正在上课，突然发生地震了，我们该怎么办？ 下面是一些地震安全技巧。 What_should_we_do_if_an_earthquake_suddenly_strikes_when_we_are_in_class?_Here_are_some_earthquake_safety_tips. 3．地震发生前，不仅要多了解地震方面的知识，也要注意东西安放有序以保障安全出口畅通。 Not_only_should_we_learn_more_about_the_earthquake_knowledge_but_also_keep_things_in_order_to_ensure_a_smooth_exit_before_an_earthquake. 4．地震发生时：(1)一切行动听从老师的指挥。(2)同学之间要互相照顾，前后保持一定距离，并有序地撤离。During_the_earthquake： (1)We_should_follow_the_teacher's_instructions_in_all_actions. (2)Take_care_of_each_other_while_keeping_some_distance_back_and_forth_and_evacuating_orderly. 5．地震发生时不要做的事情：(1)绝不要乱跑，尤其是不要急于涌向楼梯口，这样做容易造成踩踏事件。 (2)不要急于打电话，以免线路拥挤，影响救灾指挥通讯。 What not to do during the earthquake: (1)Do not run in a mess especially do not be eager to rush to the stairway entrance, which is easy to cause a stampede. (2)Do not call in a hurry, in case the line is busy, which can affect Disaster Relief Command Communication. 第三步：句式升级　造亮点 用含多个从句的复合句结尾 Do_remember_neither_to_run_in_a_mess_especially_do_not_be_eager_to_rush_to_the_stairway_entrance,_which_is_easy_to_cause_a_stampede,_nor_call_in_a_hurry,_in_case_the_line_is_busy,_which_can_affect_Disaster_Relief_Command_Communication_during_the_earthquake. 第四步：合理过渡　完美卷面 答案　 Recently, there are frequent earthquakes in the world. What should we do if an earthquake suddenly strikes when we are in class? Here are some earthquake safety tips. Not only should we learn more about the earthquake knowledge but also keep things in order to ensure a smooth exit before an earthquake. During the earthquake：(1)We should follow the teacher's instructions in all actions. (2)Take care of each other while keeping some distance back and forth and evacuating orderly. Do remember neither to run in a mess especially do not be eager to rush to the stairway entrance, which is easy to cause a stampede, nor call in a hurry, in case the line is busy, which can affect Disaster Relief Command Communication during the earthquake. 夺人眼球开头句 1.In recent years, there are frequent earthquakes in many parts of the world. 近些年，世界多地地震频发。 2．What can we do in the face of an earthquake? 面对地震发生，我们能做些什么呢？ 3.Natural disasters frequently take place on the earth. 地球上经常发生自然灾害。 4.Knowing what to do during an earthquake helps greatly reduce the damage.地震发生时知道做什么能够很大程度上减少损失。 5.It’s important to learn some important tips to protect yourself from possible injuries. 学习一些重要的技巧来保护你免受可能的伤害是很重要的。 6.Here, I’d like to share with you some advice/tips on how to escape from an earthquake.在这里, 我要跟你分享一些关于如何逃离地震的建议。 亮点出彩篇中句 1．Suppose that when we are in the classroom in class, an earthquake suddenly strikes. What should we do if that happens? 假设我们正在教室里上课，突然发生地震了。如果这样的事情发生了我们该怎么办？ 2．What to do before the earthquake: Not only learn more about the earthquake knowledge but also keep things in good order to ensure a smooth exit. 地震发生前做的事情：不仅要多了解地震方面的知识，也要注意东西安放有序以保障安全出口畅通。 3．Take care of each other and evacuate orderly. 要互相照顾，并有序地撤离。 ①It’s necessary to provide regular first aid training for the public so as to improve their knowledge of first aid. 给公众提供定期的急救培训来提高他们的急救知识是非常必要的。 4The earthquake drill is important for us students, from which we have learned how to escape and protect ourselves when an earthquake happens. 地震演练对于我们学生来说非常重要, 通过演练, 我们学会了当地震发生时如何逃生, 如何保护自己。 5.When an earthquake occurs, you are supposed to run downstairs instead of taking a lift. 当地震发生时, 你应该跑下楼梯而不是乘坐电梯。 6Make sure to keep calm and do not shout when facing the disaster. 面对灾难时, 一定要保持冷静, 不要大喊大叫。 7.After the earthquake, we should leave the dangerous area immediately in case of strong aftershocks. 地震发生后, 我们应立即离开危险区域, 以防发生强烈余震。 8.As long as we can keep the tips in mind, we can increase the chances of surviving the disaster. 只要我们能记住这些窍门, 我们就更有可能在灾难中幸存下来。 9.Do not run in a mess, especially do not be eager to rush to the stairway entrance, which is easy to cause a stampede. 绝不要乱跑，尤其是不要急于涌向楼梯口，这样做容易造成踩踏事件。 10.When you can't escape，don't hide in the attic or closet. 当无路可逃时，不要藏在顶楼或者壁橱等地方。 11.．Learn more self­rescue common sense in advance. 提前学会更多的自救常识。 韵味无穷结尾句 1.No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties. 2.Helping those who are in need is making a great difference.帮助需要帮助的人让这个世界大不同。 3．Keep in mind that you should keep calm and don't panic.要记住保持冷静不要慌乱。 【实践应用】 　　假如你是李华, 在“国际减轻自然灾害日”到来之际, 学校英文版校报正在征集关于“地震逃生知识”的稿件, 请你写一篇地震安全指南并投稿。要点包括: 1.背景及目的;2.具体建议。 【写作思维流程】 Step 1:谋篇布局 Step 2:遣词造句 1.我们必须记住一些安全建议, 那样我们就可以保护自己免受伤害。 We must keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries.  2.待在安全的地方, 不要匆忙地乱跑。 Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry.  3.如果在房间里, 你应该藏在牢固的东西下面, 如桌子或者床下面。 If you are in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.  4.如果(你)在户外, 找一个空旷的地方, 不要靠近汽车或水边。(一句多译) →If (you are) in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside.  →Find an open place and keep away from cars and waterside if (you are) in the open air.  5.绝对不要乘电梯下楼。 Never take a lift to go downstairs.  6.地震很强大, 如果我们有战胜它们的信念, 永不放弃, 我们一定能够克服任何困难。 The earthquakes are strong;if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties.  Step 3:句式升级 7.用it 作形式主语改写句1 It is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries.  8.用省略句改写句3 If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.  9.用让步状语从句改写句6 No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties.  Step 4:完美成篇 We all know that earthquakes frequently take place on the earth.Therefore, it is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries. 　　Things to do during an earthquake. Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry. If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed. If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside. Things not to do during an earthquake. Keep away from shelves and cupboards. Never take a lift to go downstairs. No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties. 夏天即将来临，暴雨增多，积水增加，洪水泛滥。新华学校为了增加学生的安全自救常识，准备了一份关于暴风雨时的安全知识宣传海报。请根据以下提示拟定海报内容。 1．收听广播或看电视，了解天气信息； 2．一旦遇到洪水，尽量待在高处，或者抓住能在水中漂浮的东西； 3．暴雨中不要在大树下避雨，尽量避免在积水深的地方行走； 4．…… 要求：1.词数：80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使文章连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] Flood Safety Guideline Summer is drawing near.In order to keep you safe in case of flood，keep the following in mind： Things to do before a flood：Keep yourself informed of the weather forecast and take your raincoat or umbrella in time. Things to do during a flood：In case of a flood，stay at a higher place waiting for rescue, or catch something that can float on the water to rescue yourself. Things not to do during a flood：Don't try to find shelter under high trees.Pay more attention to the deep water and avoid walking in water. 灾害虽突如其来，却无法磨灭希望的光芒。你校英语报以“Disaster and hope”为主题，邀请同学们撰写安全指南，分享防灾知识与灾后保持希望的方法。请你根据以下要点完成写作，内容包括： 1. 常见灾害的安全防护措施； 2. 灾害中保持希望、互助自救的方法。 注意：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 可适当发挥，使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 审题谋篇 STEP Ⅰ审题构思出框架 ①明确体裁话题→应用文（安全指南）、主题Disaster and hope，介绍防灾知识与灾后希望之道。 ②确定时态人称→一般现在时为主（指南说明、常识科普）；以第一人称为辅，可使用第二人称增强指导性。 ③ 构思文章框架→三段式：首段：点明灾害与希望的主题，引出安全指南的重要性 中段：列举具体的防灾自救措施（这个是本篇文章的重难点） 尾段：总结保持希望、互助共渡难关的意义。 接下来细化主要内容→安全指南的具体要点（这个是本篇文章的重难点） 在这里给出例子：地震避险（躲桌下、不乘电梯）、火灾逃生（湿毛巾捂口鼻、低姿前进）、洪水防范（向高处转移）等；灾后希望（保持联系、互相鼓励、重建信心）。 将措施分点表述清晰，逻辑连贯即可组成文章中段主要部分。 One possible version Disasters may strike suddenly, but we can stay safe with proper guidelines and keep hope to overcome them. When an earthquake happens, hide under solid furniture and never take an elevator. In a fire, cover your mouth with a wet towel. When floods come, move to higher ground quickly. After disasters, stay calm, keep in touch with loved ones, and never lose hope, for hope helps us rebuild. 参考例句 练习1（不同从句仿写） Faced with difficulties, as long as we stick to our beliefs, we can find solutions and grow through persistence. Although the pandemic has impacted our lives, as long as we follow epidemic prevention rules, we can protect ourselves and contribute to others. 练习2（分词作状语/非限制性定语从句改写） Hiding under solid furniture when an earthquake happens, we can avoid being hurt by falling objects. When an earthquake happens, we should take cover under sturdy furniture, which is an effective way to stay safe. 练习3（which引导的定语从句仿写） Checking fire fighting equipment at home in advance, which can provide crucial protection for us in emergencies. Learning first aid knowledge, which enables us to lend a hand and save lives when others are in need. 练习4（时间状语从句+并列句合并） When a typhoon is approaching, we should close doors and windows tightly and stock up on enough food and water. 练习5（for引导的原因并列句仿写） Never giving up is the secret to success, for giving up would make us miss all possibilities. Solidarity and mutual assistance are the strength to get through difficulties, for everyone's warmth can light up others' paths. 练习6（which引导的定语从句仿写） Participating actively in post disaster reconstruction work, which allows us to contribute our strength to restoring our homes. Sharing our experiences and feelings, which helps us release emotions and also assists those who have had similar encounters. 练习7（no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句仿写） No matter how many challenges lie ahead, we must move forward bravely, for every challenge is an opportunity for growth. No matter what life gives us, we should be grateful, for every experience is worth cherishing. ．为增强师生的防灾避险意识，你校于上周五下午组织全体师生开展了地震应急疏散演练。消防员还到校讲解了地震自救知识并演示了灭火器的使用方法。请你为校英语报写一篇报道，内容包括：1. 参加人员；2. 活动过程；3. 活动反响。 注意：写作词数应为80左右；请按如下格式作答，标题已给出。 参考词汇：防灾避险 disaster prevention    地震应急疏散演练an earthquake evacuation drill 灭火器 fire extinguishers Earthquake Safety First ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Earthquake Safety First Last Friday afternoon, our school organized an earthquake evacuation drill for all teachers and students to raise awareness of disaster prevention. When the alarm rang, everyone left the classroom quickly and safely in order. After gathering on the playground, firefighters came to teach us useful self-rescue skills during earthquakes. They also showed us how to use fire extinguishers correctly. All of us thought highly of this activity. It was not only meaningful but also practical. We learned how to protect ourselves in dangerous situations and realized the importance of keeping calm when facing disasters. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英语报写一篇报道，说明地震应急疏散演练参加人员、活动过程以及活动反响。 【详解】1.词汇积累 使用：use→utilize 活动：activity→event 正确地：correctly→properly 高度评价：think highly of→speak highly of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last Friday afternoon, our school organized an earthquake evacuation drill for all teachers and students to raise awareness of disaster prevention. 拓展句：Last Friday afternoon, our school organized an earthquake evacuation drill for all teachers and students so that they could raise awareness of disaster prevention. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last Friday afternoon, our school organized an earthquake evacuation drill for all teachers and students to raise awareness of disaster prevention.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】We learned how to protect ourselves in dangerous situations and realized the importance of keeping calm when facing disasters.（运用了疑问词+不定式结构作宾语和状语从句的省略） 2．假定你是学校英语校报记者李华。上周五学校举办了地震演练活动。请为校报撰写一篇题为“Campus Earthquake Drill”的英文新闻报道分享此次活动，内容包括： (1) 活动内容； (2) 活动反响。 注意： (1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 提示词：drill演练 Campus Earthquake Drill ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Campus Earthquake Drill Last Friday, our school held an earthquake drill to raise safety awareness and improve emergency response skills. When the alarm sounded, teachers and students first sheltered under their desks, then evacuated to the playground in an orderly manner, with their hands covering their heads. Shortly afterwards, experts shared earthquake safety information and demonstrated self-rescue techniques. The drill turned theoretical knowledge into life-saving practice, making every participant more prepared and confident. Students said the experience was very meaningful, as it helped ease earthquake-related anxiety and turned safety tips into muscle memory. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以校英语校报记者李华的身份，为学校举办的地震演练活动写一篇新闻报道，需详细描述活动内容，并分享活动反响。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 意识：awareness→consciousness 提高：improve→sharpen, enhance 展示：demonstrate→exhibit, showcase 把A变成B：turn A into B→change A into B, transform A into B 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The drill turned theoretical knowledge into life-saving practice, making every participant more prepared and confident. 拓展句：The drill, which turned theoretical knowledge into life-saving practice, made every participant more prepared and confident. 【点睛】[高分句型1] When the alarm sounded, teachers and students first sheltered under their desks, then evacuated to the playground in an orderly manner, with their hands covering their heads. (运用了When引导时间状语从句、with复合结构作状语) [高分句型2] Students said the experience was very meaningful, as it helped ease earthquake-related anxiety and turned safety tips into muscle memory. (运用了that引导宾语从句并被省略、as引导原因状语从句) 3．假定你是学校学生会的一位干部，近来我国河南省多处遭受水灾，请以学生会的名义就环境保护问题给全校学生写一封英文倡议信并刊登在你校英文报上，内容包括： 1. 极端天气频繁的原因及其负面影响； 2. 提出具体保护环境的措施。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右（开头和结尾均已给出，不计入总词数）； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear teachers and fellow students, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 【答案】 Dear teachers and fellow students, Recently, floods have heavily struck many places in Henan province, which, as is reported, comes as a result of human activity. And extreme weather like heavy rain caused a great loss to the local economy and even claimed people’s lives. To make matters worse, it also brought about the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. Actually, it’s high time that we should protect the environment which human life depends on. First, we should learn to reduce the use of energy, or at least replace those fossil fuels with alternative energy. Second, recycling is the basis of a better environment at any time. Finally and most importantly, be an educator, as individuals can also make a difference. Always remember: our contribution counts. Students’ Union 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以学生会的名义就环境保护问题给全校学生写一封英文倡议信并刊登在你校英文报上。 【详解】1.词汇积累 袭击：struck→hit 由于：as a result of =because of 依赖：depend on=rely on 代替：replace →take the place of 2.句式拓展 简单句变倒装句 原句： And extreme weather like heavy rain caused a great loss to the local economy and even claimed people’s lives. 拓展句： Not only did extreme weather like heavy rain cause a great loss to the local economy and but also even claimed people’s lives. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Recently, floods have heavily struck many places in Henan province, which, as is reported, comes as a result of human activity.  (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Actually, it’s high time that we should protect the environment which human life depends on.  (运用了固定句型it’s high time that“是时候……”和 which引导的定语从句) How to Protect Ourselves When Natural Disasters Happen 内容包括： 1. 简要介绍一种常见自然灾害（如地震、洪水、台风等）及其危害。 2. 说明遇到自然灾害时，应如何自救与互助。 3. 作为中学生，谈谈平时应如何提高防灾意识、做好应对准备。 字数：150个字 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文： Natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods can bring serious damage. It is necessary for us to learn how to protect ourselves. When an earthquake happens, we must stay calm. Indoors, we can hide under strong desks or tables and stay away from windows, or anything that might fall. We should not rush out quickly or use the elevator. If we are outdoors, it is safer to move to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines. If we are trapped, we need to keep our strength and wait for rescue patiently. In daily life, we should learn more about disaster safety and take part in practice activities at school. It’s also wise to prepare a family emergency kit with basic supplies like water, food, and a flashlight. In short, staying calm and being well-prepared can help us stay safe when natural disasters happen. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生以“How to Protect Ourselves When Natural Disasters Happen”为题，介绍常见自然灾害、自救互助方法以及中学生如何提高防灾意识。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 严重的：serious → severe 有必要的：necessary → essential 保护：protect → preserve 耐心地：patiently → with patience 2. 句式拓展 同义句 原句：Natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods can bring serious damage. 拓展句：Natural disasters, ranging from earthquakes to floods, are capable of causing severe damage. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】If we are trapped, we need to keep our strength and wait for rescue patiently.（运用了 if 引导的条件状语从句） 【高分句型 2】In short, staying calm and being well-prepared can help us stay safe when natural disasters happen.（运用了动名词作主语和when引导的时间状语从句） 12 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $