必修第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope(写安全指南)-【同步写作课】2024-2025学年高一英语单元写作深度指导(外研版2019)

Unit 6 Disaster and hope 单元写作深度指导 写安全指南 ▲描述安全指南 1.The first thing to do is listen to the weather warnings. 2.Being prepared is the best way to increase your chances of survival. 3.In case of an earthquake, stay away from high buildings. 4.Make sure you have sufficient food, water, medicine and batteries for electrical appliances. 5.If you cannot get home in time,find other shelter as soon as you can. ▲基础词汇 natural disaster自然灾害 measure n.措施 reduce v.减少 keep calm 保持冷静 keep in mind 记住 sufficient food and water充足的食物和水 I.要点解读 安全指南类的文章属于说明文。这类文章通常会要求学生根据所给的信息,给读者提出若干条实用的建议。 (1)语言特点：①多用一般现在时。②多用祈使句和简单句。 (2)叙述特点：按类别分层展开叙述注意事项。罗列信息点时,按主次、详略、类别、时间等顺序排列。用文字表示时,必须做到明确清楚,不能含糊其词。 II.词句表达 1.常用词块 urn off the power supply 切断电源 join in basic medical training 参加基本的医疗培训 escape from accident 逃离意外事故 pay attention to safety 关注安全 detailed instructions on how to escape 关于如何逃生的详细说明 stricken areas 受灾地区 economic losses 经济损失 rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园 cause great damage to 对……造成重大损害 take on a new look 呈现新面貌 2.常用句式 (1)开篇句 ①Therefore,it is important to learn some tips to protect you from possible injuries.因此,学习一些保护你免受可能的伤害的技巧十分重要。 ②Knowing what to do during the flood helps greatly reduce the damage.在洪水发生时了解应该做什么能够很大程度上减少损害。 ③Here, I’d like to share with you some advice/tips on how to escape from an earthquake.在这里,我要跟你分享一些关于如何逃离地震的建议。 (2)提建议 ①When an earthquake occurs, you are supposed to run downstairs instead of taking a lift. 当地震发生时,你应该跑下楼梯而不是乘坐电梯。 ②Make sure to keep calm and do not shout when facing the disaster. 面对灾难时,一定要保持冷静,不要大喊大叫。 ③After the earthquake, we should leave the dangerous area immediately in case of strong aftershocks.地震发生后,我们应立即离开危险区域,以防发生强烈余震。 (3)结尾句 ①As long as we can keep the tips in mind, we can increase the chances of surviving the disaster.只要我们能记住这些窍门,我们就更有可能在灾难中幸存下来。 ②Everybody should know some first aid in order to save other’s lives.人人都应学习一些急救知识,这样才能挽救其他人的性命。 III.策略建构 在高中英语应用文写作中，安全指南的写作需遵循几个关键原则。首先，要明确写作目的，即提供具体、实用的安全建议，以增强读者的安全意识。其次，结构上应清晰有序，通常包括引言（简述安全的重要性）、主体（列举具体的安全建议）和结尾（鼓励读者遵循指南）。最后，语言要简洁明了，避免复杂句式和词汇，确保读者能够轻松理解并记住关键信息。 1.要明确写作目的，即提供具体、实用的安全建议，以增强读者的安全意识‌ 例如： The purpose of this safety guide is to provide our high school students with concrete and practical advice on how to stay safe both on and off campus. By following these tips, we aim to enhance your awareness of potential risks and help you mitigate them effectively.（本安全指南旨在为高中生提供在校园内外保持安全的具体实用建议。通过遵循这些提示，我们的目标是提高你们对潜在风险的认识，并帮助你们有效地减轻这些风险。）‌ 2.结构上应清晰有序，通常包括引言（简述安全的重要性）、主体（列举具体的安全建议）和结尾（鼓励读者遵循指南）‌。 例如： ①‌引言部分‌ Safety is paramount in our daily lives, especially for students who are constantly navigating through various environments both inside and outside the school. It is crucial to understand the importance of safety and take necessary precautions to protect ourselves and others.（安全在我们日常生活中至关重要，尤其是对于学生来说，他们不断在校园内外各种环境中穿梭。了解安全的重要性并采取必要的预防措施来保护自己和他人是至关重要的。）‌ ②‌主体部分‌ When walking home alone, always be aware of your surroundings and avoid using earphones that block out external noise. Additionally, carry a personal alarm or pepper spray for added protection.（独自步行回家时，要时刻注意周围环境，避免使用会隔绝外界噪音的耳机。此外，携带个人报警器或胡椒喷雾以增加保护。）（此为具体安全建议之一） ③‌结尾部分‌ Remember, safety is everyone's responsibility. By following the tips outlined in this guide, you can contribute to creating a safer environment for yourself and those around you. Stay vigilant, stay safe!（记住，安全是每个人的责任。通过遵循本指南中概述的提示，你可以为自己和周围的人创造一个更安全的环境。保持警惕，保持安全！）‌ 3.语言要简洁明了，避免复杂句式和词汇，确保读者能够轻松理解并记住关键信息‌。 例如： Use simple and direct language when giving safety advice. Instead of saying, “It is imperative that you exercise caution when crossing the street”, you can say, “Always look both ways before crossing the street for your safety”.（在给出安全建议时，要使用简单直接的语言。例如，不要说“当你在过马路时一定要小心谨慎”，而可以说“为了你的安全，过马路前一定要左右看”。）‌ 【范文示例】 ‌Staying Safe in High School Hey there, high schoolers! Safety isn't just a buzzword—it's our ticket to a worry-free day! So, buckle up and get ready for some awesome safety tips that'll keep you smiling and safe. First, be a detective of your surroundings. When you're walking home, keep your eyes open and your phone tucked away. If something feels off, speak up! Tell a teacher, a friend, or the school security right away. Next, public transport can be a wild ride, but it's no thrill ride without safety! Hold tight to your backpack and keep your wits about you. Strangers offering candy? A polite "no, thanks" is all you need to say. Lastly, don't let your bike or locker be an open invitation for thieves. Lock it up and keep your valuables close. It's the little things that add up to big safety! So, there you have it—your fun and practical guide to staying safe in high school. Remember, safety is cool, and so are you! Stay alert, stay safe, and enjoy every awesome day! 　　假如你是李华,在“国际减轻自然灾害日”到来之际,学校英文版校报正在征集关于“地震逃生知识”的稿件,请你写一篇地震安全指南并投稿。要点包括: 1.背景及目的; 2.具体建议。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作示例】 I.审题布局 II.句式建构 1.我们必须记住一些安全建议,那样我们就可以保护自己免受伤害。 We must keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries.  2.待在安全的地方,不要匆忙地乱跑。 Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry.  3.如果在房间里,你应该藏在牢固的东西下面,如桌子或者床下面。 If you are in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.  4.如果(你)在户外,找一个空旷的地方,不要靠近汽车或水边。(一句多译) If (you are) in the open air,find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside.  Find an open place and keep away from cars and waterside if (you are) in the open air.  5.绝对不要乘电梯下楼。 Never take a lift to go downstairs.  6.地震很强大,如果我们有战胜它们的信念,永不放弃,我们一定能够克服任何困难。 The earthquakes are strong;if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties.  III.衔接成篇 When an earthquake broke out, it is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries. 　　Things to do. Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry. If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed. If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside. Things not to do. Keep away from shelves and cupboards. Never take a lift to go downstairs. No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties. 【范文分析】 1.语言特征‌ ①‌使用祈使句给出建议‌：语篇中多次使用祈使句，如“Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry.”和“Keep away from shelves and cupboards.”，直接、明确地给出了在地震发生时应该做和不应该做的事情，增强了指令性和实用性。 ②‌条件状语从句的使用‌：通过“If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard...”和“If in the open air, find an open place...”等条件状语从句，清晰地列出了不同情境下的应对措施，使建议更加具体和有针对性。 ③‌并列结构的运用‌：在列举要做和不要做的事情时，采用了并列结构，如“Things to do...”和“Things not to do...”，使得信息条理清晰，易于理解和记忆。 2.‌结构特征‌ ①‌总分结构‌：语篇首先总述了在地震发生时记住一些安全提示的必要性，然后分别列举了要做和不要做的事情，形成了总分结构，使得整体内容层次分明，逻辑清晰。 ②‌明确的建议列表‌：通过“Things to do”和“Things not to do”两个小标题，将建议分为两大类，每类下又分别列出了具体的建议，使得建议更加系统化和条理化。 ③‌结尾的鼓励性语句‌：在列举完建议后，语篇以一句鼓励性的话语结尾，强调了信念和坚持的重要性，既是对前文建议的补充，也起到了鼓舞人心的作用‌。 1．假如你是李华，你的好友Amy邀请你参加“网上安全”论坛，请在该论坛上就“网上购物时，如何维护自身安全”发表你的看法与建议。 注意:1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．随着互联网的发展，很多人都习惯在网上购物。写一篇关于网上购物安全的博客，内容包括： 1.主题介绍 2.网购优缺点 3.你的看法 注意：1.词数 80 左右；（标题已给出，不计入词数） 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Online Shopping Safety ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假如你叫李华，你所在学校要举办英语演讲比赛，你的演讲内容为中学生如何在学校和生活中保证自己的安全（道路安全、饮食安全、网络安全等）。请你写一篇演讲稿。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to keep safe? As teenagers we should always keep safety in mind. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．近期，青少年交通安全事故频发。你校英文报将以“交通安全”为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括： 1. 遵守交通法规的重要性; 2. 遵守交通法规的做法及倡议。 注意： 1. 词数80左右; 2. 短文的题目和首句已给出，不计入词数。 Traffic Safety, Our Responsibility Recently, many teenagers have got injured or even killed in traffic accidents. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．暑假临近，上周你校举办了一次“暑假安全教育”讲座活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.讲座目的； 2.讲座内容； 3.学生反响。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．随着越来越快的工作节奏和工作及生活的压力，拥有健康的身体成了焦点话题。于是越来越多的人通过运动来保持健康，但是运动的安全也要重视。 请你给校报的英语栏目English Corner投稿，号召同学重视运动安全，内容包括： 1.运动安全的重要性； 2.运动安全的建议。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头已给出。 Now more and more people do sports to keep healthy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．为增强学生的安全意识，你校上周五组织了消防演习活动。假定你是李华，请你给校英文广播站写一篇相关的新闻报道，内容包括： 1. 活动目的; 2. 活动流程; 3. 活动感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3. 参考词汇：灭火器fire extinguishers,毛巾towel One Fire Drill ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．假如你是中学生李华，上周一，你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛，请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下： 1. 在教室时怎样做；2. 在家时怎样更安全；3. 在街上时, 要注意什么。 注意：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：balcony(阳台) What to Do During an Earthquake? As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．假定你是李华，目前食品安全问题引起了人们的广泛关注。一些生产厂家为了降低成本、追求利润，减少了必要的安全措施，致使一些劣质食品流入市场，对人们的健康产生了极大的危害。请你就此事给一家英文报社写封信，谈谈个人看法并呼吁整个社会关注此事。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 二、书信写作 10．假定你是李华，你校英语角要组织以“关注食品安全，守护健康成长”为主题的沙龙活动。请你准备一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 食品与健康的关系； 2. 你的打算及理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear teachers and classmates, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席，为增强学生安全意识，你校本周五下午准备进行一次消防演习，请你代表学生会写一份书面通知，内容要点如下： 1. 活动目的； 2. 活动时间； 3. 活动安排：①听到火警铃后，有序撤离到学校操场；②听专业消防员进行安全教育讲座；③…… （内容自拟） 。 4. 活动之后，写出感受。 参考词汇：消防演练fire drill 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Notice ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 12．你校将以“全国交通安全日(Traffic Safety’s Day of China)”为主题举办一次英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 交通安全的重要性； 2. 你的建议； 3. 增强安全意识，倡议文明出行。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Traffic Safety Depends on Everyone _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 1． Today, I want to talk about a question—how to stay safe when you are shopping online. Firstly, it is necessary to use some formal shopping websites run by the famous companies. They can ensure your safety. Secondly, it will be safer to use a strong password to protect your own account. The stronger your password is, the safer your account will be. Lastly, using public computers to shop online is unwise, because there may be some computer viruses which can copy your account password. All in all, remember the golden rule: being cautious when shopping online. 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生在“网上安全”论坛上就“网上购物时，如何维护自身安全”发表看法与建议。 1.词汇积累 首先：firstly→first of all 必要的：necessary→essential 确保：ensure→guarantee 总而言之：all in all→in a word 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, it is necessary to use some formal shopping websites run by the famous companies. 拓展句：Firstly, it is necessary that you should use some formal shopping websites run by the famous companies. [高分句型1] Today, I want to talk about a question—how to stay safe when you are shopping online. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Lastly, using public computers to shop online is unwise, because there may be some computer viruses which can copy your account password. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的限制性定语从句) 2．Today, I want to blog about shopping online safety, which has drawn wide attention nowadays. With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping online. Shopping online embraces many advantages. Just by a click of the mouse, you can buy whatever you’re interested in without going outdoors. When shopping online, you can choose from varieties of goods, whose prices are generally lower. Nevertheless, some people hold the belief that its drawbacks overweigh merits. Initially, it’s very easy for you to buy goods different from the pictures you see on the Internet. In addition, shopping online may cause people to buy goods that are not urgently needed. From my standpoint, the Internet is a double-edged sword. Only if we use the Internet more normatively can we shop online more safely. What’s your opinion about shopping online? Post your comments below! 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。随着互联网的发展，很多人都习惯在网上购物。要求考生写一篇关于网上购物安全的博客。 1.词汇积累 优点：advantages→strengths 各种各样的：varieties of→ all kinds of 此外：In addition→ What’s more 在我看来：From my standpoint→ In my opinion 2.句式拓展 合并句 原句：With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping online. Shopping online embraces many advantages. 合并句：With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping online, which embraces many advantages. 【高分句型1】Today, I want to blog about shopping online safety, which has drawn wide attention nowadays.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】When shopping online, you can choose from varieties of goods, whose prices are generally lower.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句以及从句的省略用法。） 3． How to keep safe? As teenagers, we should always keep safety in mind. First, we should be careful when we make friends, especially on line. We mustn’t trust people too easily and must keep our own information safe. Second, we ought to eat healthily and safely. Eating food that goes bad or junk food will do harm to our health. Also, when we are on the road, we must look out for cars coming and going. If we are in danger, we must call the police for help in time so that we can keep ourselves safe. 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你叫李华，你所在学校要举办英语演讲比赛，你的演讲内容为中学生如何在学校和生活中保证自己的安全（道路安全、饮食安全、网络安全等）。请你写一篇演讲稿。 1.词汇积累 交朋友：make friends→befriend 有害：do harm to→be harmful 应该：ought to→should 相信：trust→believe 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As teenagers, we should always keep safety in mind. 拓展句：As teenagers, I have some advice about how we could always keep safety in mind. [高分句型1] First, we should be careful when we make friends, especially on line. (运用了when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Eating food that goes bad or junk food will do harm to our health. (运用了that引导定语从句) 4．官方 Traffic Safety, Our Responsibility Recently, many teenagers have got injured or even killed in traffic accidents. Many accidents resulted from teenager’s failure to pay attention to traffic safety. Therefore, observing traffic rules is important for everyone. Otherwise, the road traffic will be in chaos and people’s lives will be threatened. As students, we should do our part to minimize the risk of road accidents. First, it is essential for us to avoid all high-risk road behaviors. For instance, never run a red light or keep staring at the phone while walking. Also, we can appeal to people around us to observe traffic rules. Let’s make joint efforts to keep the road orderly and people safe. 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生以“交通安全”为主题，写一篇短文参加英语征文比赛。 1.词汇积累 最近：recently→lately 因此：therefore→hence 重要的：important→vital 必要的：essential→necessary 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Therefore, observing traffic rules is important for everyone. 拓展句：Therefore, it is important that everyone should observe traffic rules. [高分句型1] Therefore, observing traffic rules is important for everyone. (运用了动名词作主语) [高分句型2] For instance, never run a red light or keep staring at the phone while walking. (运用了while引导的时间状语从句和省略) 5．     In order to arouse our students’ awareness of being safe in summer, our school held a lecture on “Summer Safety Education” last week. On the morning, all the students sat quietly in the classroom, watching a 30-minute video about safety. Then the professor explained to us many accidents that could have been avoided. We were so shocked because there were so many deaths and injuries around us every day. At last, we were taught how to keep safe and away with accidents. To our relief, all of us learned that we must be careful in our daily lives and master the basic skills of keeping safe. 【写作分析】本文是开放性作文。要求考生写一篇关于“暑假安全教育”讲座活动的报道。 1.词汇积累 激发：arouse→stimulate 举办：hold→throw 预防：avoid→prevent 震惊的：shocked→stunned 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In order to arouse our students’ awareness of being safe in summer, our school held a lecture on “Summer Safety Education” last week. 拓展句：In order that we can arouse our students’ awareness of being safe in summer, our school held a lecture on “Summer Safety Education” last week. 【高分句型1】Then the professor explained to us many accidents that could have been avoided.（由that引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】We were so shocked because there were so many deaths and injuries around us every day.（由because引导的原因状语从句） 6． Now more and more people do sports to keep healthy. However, some students get hurt while doing sports. If we pay attention to sports safety, some accidents could be prevented. What can we do to keep safe in doing sports? Here are some suggestions. First, we should wear sports clothes and shoes which are wide, soft and springy. We had better not wear jeans. Secondly, we must take warming-up exercise before doing sports. Lastly, following rules is also necessary. When we have a P.E. class, listen to the teacher carefully and follow the rules. If we get hurt, we must tell our teachers or call 120 for help in time. In a word, sports safety is very important. Be sure to keep safe in doing sports. 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于开放作文。要求考生给校报的英语栏目English Corner投稿，号召同学重视运动安全。 1.词汇积累 注意：notice → pay attention to 阻止：stop → prevent 建议：advice→ suggestion 总而言之：all in all → in a word 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Now more and more people do sports to keep healthy 拓展句：Now more and more people do sports so that they can keep healthy 【高分句型1】If we get hurt, we must tell our teachers or call 120 for help in time.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】First, we should wear sports clothes and shoes which are wide, soft and springy.（运用了which引导的定语从句） 7．     A fire drill will be held in our school on Friday afternoon this week, which is in order to improve everyone’s awareness of fire safety and provide fire safety training for us.We are supposed to perform as follows:when hearing the fire alarm, everyone should quickly but in order leave buildings through the fire-fighting accesses and go to the playground. Then, a professional firefighter who is invited will give a lecture about safety knowledge and show us the ways to put outfires.After the lecture, all the students should go to inspect the dormitories and classrooms for potential fire hazards and clear them.After the activity,every student is asked to give a summary of this fire drill. We should know the skill to escape from the fire in case of emergency.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Students’Union 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英文广播站写一篇关于学校组织的消防演习活动的新闻报道 1.词汇积累 演习：drill→exercise 以便：in order to→so as to 应该：be supposed to→should 职业的：professional→vocational 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：After the lecture, all the students should go to inspect the dormitories and classrooms for potential fire hazards and clear them. 拓展句：When the lecture is over, all the students should go to inspect the dormitories and classrooms for potential fire hazards and clear them. 【高分句型1】A fire drill will be held in our school on Friday afternoon this week, which is in order to improve everyone’s awareness of fire safety and provide fire safety training for us.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Then, a professional firefighter who is invited will give a lecture about safety knowledge and show us the ways to put outfires.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句) 8．参考 What to Do During an Earthquake? As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes? When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony. If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, don’t stand near buildings, fences or walls. Move quickly to a large open place to wait. Remember that standing under trees could also be dangerous. 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生对于班级举行的地震知识演讲比赛，写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。 1.词汇积累 应该：should→ ought to 立刻，马上：immediately → at once 发生：happens→ take place 大的：large→ big 2.句式拓展 简单句变倒装句 原句：Don’t go anywhere near the window and don’t go out onto the balcony. 拓展句：Neither do you go anywhere near the window nor do you go out onto the balcony. 【高分句型1】When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句。) 【高分句型2】However, for those who are at home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句。) 9．Dear Sir/Madam, I’m writing to talk about the problem of food safety nowadays. To reduce costs and make more profits, some food companies don’t take necessary safety measures to guarantee the food quality. As a result, more and more low-quality food flows into the market, doing great harm to consumers’ health. In my opinion, food is essential to human beings. We could not live without safe food. If no notice is taken of food safety, the health of the whole nation will suffer. So I call on the whole society to take action and put an end to the low-quality food. Only in this way can we live a healthier life. Yours truly, Li Hua 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给一家英文报社写封信，谈谈个人看法并呼吁整个社会关注目前食品安全问题。 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 目前食品安全问题引起了人们的广泛关注。一些生产厂家为了降低成本、追求利润，减少了必要的安全措施，致使一些劣质食品流入市场，对人们的健康产生了极大的危害。请你就此事给一家英文报社写封信，谈谈个人看法并呼吁整个社会关注此事。 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组） talk about; reduce; make more profits; take necessary safety measures to; guarantee; low-quality food; flow into; do great harm to; essential; suffer; take action; put an end to; live a healthier life 第三步：连词成句 1. I’m writing to talk about the problem of food safety nowadays. 2. To reduce costs and make more profits, some food companies don’t take necessary safety measures to guarantee the food quality. 3. As a result, more and more low-quality food flows into the market, doing great harm to consumers’ health. 4. In my opinion, food is essential to human beings. 5. We could not live without safe food. 6. If no notice is taken of food safety, the health of the whole nation will suffer. 7. So I call on the whole society to take action and put an end to the low-quality food. 8. Only in this way can we live a healthier life. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second, And then（供参考） 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition（供参考） 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句) （供参考） 4.表因果关系：So 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 [高分句型1] To reduce costs and make more profits, some food companies don’t take necessary safety measures to guarantee the food quality. (运用了不定式作目的状语) [高分句型2] If no notice is taken of food safety, the health of the whole nation will suffer. (运用了if引导条件状语从句) 10．Dear teachers and classmates, As an old saying goes, “We are what we eat.” Safe and high-quality food equips us with enough energy to carry out our daily activities, helping us grow healthily. However, food containing too many harmful ingredients will only make us suffer. To safeguard my health, I have a few plans. To begin with, when choosing food, I’ll be more careful, and make an effort to buy food from reliable sources. In addition, I’ve made up my mind to read books and articles about food safety, so as to enhance my knowledge about it. Moreover, recognizing the power of joint hands, I’ll call on everyone around me to pay more attention to what goes into our mouths. Thank you! 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就学校英语角要组织以“关注食品安全，守护健康成长”为主题的沙龙活动准备一篇发言稿。其内容包括： 食品与健康的关系和你的打算及理由。 1.词汇积累 安全的：safe→secure 帮助：help→assist 然而：however→nevertheless 首先：to begin with→first 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： However, food containing too many harmful ingredients will only make us suffer. 拓展句： However, food which contains too many harmful ingredients will only make us suffer. 【高分句型1】 To begin with, when choosing food, I’ll be more careful, and make an effort to buy food from reliable sources. （运用了状语从句的省略） 【高分句型2】Moreover, recognizing the power of joint hands, I’ll call on everyone around me to pay more attention to what goes into our mouths.（运用了现在分词作状语和what引导的宾语从句） 11． Notice A fire drill will be held in our school on Friday afternoon this week in order to improve everyone’s awareness of fire safety and provide fire safety training for us. We are supposed to perform as follows. When hearing the fire alarm, everyone should leave buildings quickly and in order through the fire-fighting accesses and go to the playground. Then, a professional firefighter will give a lecture about safety knowledge and show us the ways to put out fires. After the lecture, all the students should go to inspect the classrooms for potential fire hazards and clear them. After the activity, every student is asked to give a summary of this fire drill. Please be present on time. Students’ Union 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校本周五下午准备进行一次消防演习，请你代表学生会写一份书面通知。 1.词汇积累 举办：hold→host 为了：in order to→so as to 提升：improve→raise 关于：about→regarding/concerning 2.句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：Then, a professional firefighter will give a lecture about safety knowledge and show us the ways to put out fires. 拓展句：Then, a professional firefighter will give a lecture about safety knowledge, after which he will show us the ways to put out fires. 【高分句型1】When hearing the fire alarm, everyone should leave buildings quickly and in order through the fire-fighting accesses and go to the playground.（运用了状语从句的省略） 【高分句型2】A fire drill will be held in our school on Friday afternoon this week in order to improve everyone’s awareness of fire safety and provide fire safety training for us.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 12． Traffic Safety Depends on Everyone As the Traffic Safety’s Day of China is drawing near, people are getting better aware of the importance of the traffic safety. It is important for us to use the roads properly and safely. Personally, I suggest that we obey traffic regulations strictly. In no case can we drive too fast. We can also offer to be volunteers in our spare time to help keep the traffic going smoothly. All in all, if we each behave ourselves, we can enjoy the safety of the smooth traffic with no traffic jams or accidents. 【写作分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文。你校将以“全国交通安全日(Traffic Safety’s Day of China)”为主题举办一次英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿、 1.词汇积累 临近：draw near→approach 空闲时间：spare time→free time 重要性：importance→significance 总之：all in all→in short 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：It is important for us to use the roads properly and safely. 拓展句：It is important that we should use the roads properly and safely. [高分句型1] As the Traffic Safety’s Day of China is drawing near, people are getting better aware of the importance of the traffic safety. (运用了as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] All in all, if we each behave ourselves, we can enjoy the safety of the smooth traffic with no traffic jams or accidents. (运用了if引导条件状语从句) ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 6 Disaster and hope 单元写作深度指导 写安全指南 ▲描述安全指南 1.The first thing to do is listen to the weather warnings. 2.Being prepared is the best way to increase your chances of survival. 3.In case of an earthquake, stay away from high buildings. 4.Make sure you have sufficient food, water, medicine and batteries for electrical appliances. 5.If you cannot get home in time,find other shelter as soon as you can. ▲基础词汇 natural disaster自然灾害 measure n.措施 reduce v.减少 keep calm 保持冷静 keep in mind 记住 sufficient food and water充足的食物和水 I.要点解读 安全指南类的文章属于说明文。这类文章通常会要求学生根据所给的信息,给读者提出若干条实用的建议。 (1)语言特点：①多用一般现在时。②多用祈使句和简单句。 (2)叙述特点：按类别分层展开叙述注意事项。罗列信息点时,按主次、详略、类别、时间等顺序排列。用文字表示时,必须做到明确清楚,不能含糊其词。 II.词句表达 1.常用词块 urn off the power supply 切断电源 join in basic medical training 参加基本的医疗培训 escape from accident 逃离意外事故 pay attention to safety 关注安全 detailed instructions on how to escape 关于如何逃生的详细说明 stricken areas 受灾地区 economic losses 经济损失 rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园 cause great damage to 对……造成重大损害 take on a new look 呈现新面貌 2.常用句式 (1)开篇句 ①Therefore,it is important to learn some tips to protect you from possible injuries.因此,学习一些保护你免受可能的伤害的技巧十分重要。 ②Knowing what to do during the flood helps greatly reduce the damage.在洪水发生时了解应该做什么能够很大程度上减少损害。 ③Here, I’d like to share with you some advice/tips on how to escape from an earthquake.在这里,我要跟你分享一些关于如何逃离地震的建议。 (2)提建议 ①When an earthquake occurs, you are supposed to run downstairs instead of taking a lift. 当地震发生时,你应该跑下楼梯而不是乘坐电梯。 ②Make sure to keep calm and do not shout when facing the disaster. 面对灾难时,一定要保持冷静,不要大喊大叫。 ③After the earthquake, we should leave the dangerous area immediately in case of strong aftershocks.地震发生后,我们应立即离开危险区域,以防发生强烈余震。 (3)结尾句 ①As long as we can keep the tips in mind, we can increase the chances of surviving the disaster.只要我们能记住这些窍门,我们就更有可能在灾难中幸存下来。 ②Everybody should know some first aid in order to save other’s lives.人人都应学习一些急救知识,这样才能挽救其他人的性命。 III.策略建构 在高中英语应用文写作中，安全指南的写作需遵循几个关键原则。首先，要明确写作目的，即提供具体、实用的安全建议，以增强读者的安全意识。其次，结构上应清晰有序，通常包括引言（简述安全的重要性）、主体（列举具体的安全建议）和结尾（鼓励读者遵循指南）。最后，语言要简洁明了，避免复杂句式和词汇，确保读者能够轻松理解并记住关键信息。 1.要明确写作目的，即提供具体、实用的安全建议，以增强读者的安全意识‌ 例如： The purpose of this safety guide is to provide our high school students with concrete and practical advice on how to stay safe both on and off campus. By following these tips, we aim to enhance your awareness of potential risks and help you mitigate them effectively.（本安全指南旨在为高中生提供在校园内外保持安全的具体实用建议。通过遵循这些提示，我们的目标是提高你们对潜在风险的认识，并帮助你们有效地减轻这些风险。）‌ 2.结构上应清晰有序，通常包括引言（简述安全的重要性）、主体（列举具体的安全建议）和结尾（鼓励读者遵循指南）‌。 例如： ①‌引言部分‌ Safety is paramount in our daily lives, especially for students who are constantly navigating through various environments both inside and outside the school. It is crucial to understand the importance of safety and take necessary precautions to protect ourselves and others.（安全在我们日常生活中至关重要，尤其是对于学生来说，他们不断在校园内外各种环境中穿梭。了解安全的重要性并采取必要的预防措施来保护自己和他人是至关重要的。）‌ ②‌主体部分‌ When walking home alone, always be aware of your surroundings and avoid using earphones that block out external noise. Additionally, carry a personal alarm or pepper spray for added protection.（独自步行回家时，要时刻注意周围环境，避免使用会隔绝外界噪音的耳机。此外，携带个人报警器或胡椒喷雾以增加保护。）（此为具体安全建议之一） ③‌结尾部分‌ Remember, safety is everyone's responsibility. By following the tips outlined in this guide, you can contribute to creating a safer environment for yourself and those around you. Stay vigilant, stay safe!（记住，安全是每个人的责任。通过遵循本指南中概述的提示，你可以为自己和周围的人创造一个更安全的环境。保持警惕，保持安全！）‌ 3.语言要简洁明了，避免复杂句式和词汇，确保读者能够轻松理解并记住关键信息‌。 例如： Use simple and direct language when giving safety advice. Instead of saying, “It is imperative that you exercise caution when crossing the street”, you can say, “Always look both ways before crossing the street for your safety”.（在给出安全建议时，要使用简单直接的语言。例如，不要说“当你在过马路时一定要小心谨慎”，而可以说“为了你的安全，过马路前一定要左右看”。）‌ 【范文示例】 ‌Staying Safe in High School Hey there, high schoolers! Safety isn't just a buzzword—it's our ticket to a worry-free day! So, buckle up and get ready for some awesome safety tips that'll keep you smiling and safe. First, be a detective of your surroundings. When you're walking home, keep your eyes open and your phone tucked away. If something feels off, speak up! Tell a teacher, a friend, or the school security right away. Next, public transport can be a wild ride, but it's no thrill ride without safety! Hold tight to your backpack and keep your wits about you. Strangers offering candy? A polite "no, thanks" is all you need to say. Lastly, don't let your bike or locker be an open invitation for thieves. Lock it up and keep your valuables close. It's the little things that add up to big safety! So, there you have it—your fun and practical guide to staying safe in high school. Remember, safety is cool, and so are you! Stay alert, stay safe, and enjoy every awesome day! 　　假如你是李华,在“国际减轻自然灾害日”到来之际,学校英文版校报正在征集关于“地震逃生知识”的稿件,请你写一篇地震安全指南并投稿。要点包括: 1.背景及目的; 2.具体建议。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作示例】 I.审题布局 II.句式建构 1.我们必须记住一些安全建议,那样我们就可以保护自己免受伤害。 We must keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries.  2.待在安全的地方,不要匆忙地乱跑。 Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry.  3.如果在房间里,你应该藏在牢固的东西下面,如桌子或者床下面。 If you are in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed.  4.如果(你)在户外,找一个空旷的地方,不要靠近汽车或水边。(一句多译) If (you are) in the open air,find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside.  Find an open place and keep away from cars and waterside if (you are) in the open air.  5.绝对不要乘电梯下楼。 Never take a lift to go downstairs.  6.地震很强大,如果我们有战胜它们的信念,永不放弃,我们一定能够克服任何困难。 The earthquakes are strong;if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties.  III.衔接成篇 When an earthquake broke out, it is necessary for us to keep some safety tips in mind so that we can protect ourselves from injuries. 　　Things to do. Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry. If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard, such as a table or even a bed. If in the open air, find an open place and never get close to cars or waterside. Things not to do. Keep away from shelves and cupboards. Never take a lift to go downstairs. No matter how strong the earthquakes are, if we have the belief to defeat them and never give up, we will be able to overcome any difficulties. 【范文分析】 1.语言特征‌ ①‌使用祈使句给出建议‌：语篇中多次使用祈使句，如“Stay at a safe place and do not run in a hurry.”和“Keep away from shelves and cupboards.”，直接、明确地给出了在地震发生时应该做和不应该做的事情，增强了指令性和实用性。 ②‌条件状语从句的使用‌：通过“If in the room, you should hide yourself under something hard...”和“If in the open air, find an open place...”等条件状语从句，清晰地列出了不同情境下的应对措施，使建议更加具体和有针对性。 ③‌并列结构的运用‌：在列举要做和不要做的事情时，采用了并列结构，如“Things to do...”和“Things not to do...”，使得信息条理清晰，易于理解和记忆。 2.‌结构特征‌ ①‌总分结构‌：语篇首先总述了在地震发生时记住一些安全提示的必要性，然后分别列举了要做和不要做的事情，形成了总分结构，使得整体内容层次分明，逻辑清晰。 ②‌明确的建议列表‌：通过“Things to do”和“Things not to do”两个小标题，将建议分为两大类，每类下又分别列出了具体的建议，使得建议更加系统化和条理化。 ③‌结尾的鼓励性语句‌：在列举完建议后，语篇以一句鼓励性的话语结尾，强调了信念和坚持的重要性，既是对前文建议的补充，也起到了鼓舞人心的作用‌。 1．假如你是李华，你的好友Amy邀请你参加“网上安全”论坛，请在该论坛上就“网上购物时，如何维护自身安全”发表你的看法与建议。 注意:1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．随着互联网的发展，很多人都习惯在网上购物。写一篇关于网上购物安全的博客，内容包括： 1.主题介绍 2.网购优缺点 3.你的看法 注意：1.词数 80 左右；（标题已给出，不计入词数） 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Online Shopping Safety ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假如你叫李华，你所在学校要举办英语演讲比赛，你的演讲内容为中学生如何在学校和生活中保证自己的安全（道路安全、饮食安全、网络安全等）。请你写一篇演讲稿。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to keep safe? As teenagers we should always keep safety in mind. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．近期，青少年交通安全事故频发。你校英文报将以“交通安全”为主题，举办英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿。 内容包括： 1. 遵守交通法规的重要性; 2. 遵守交通法规的做法及倡议。 注意： 1. 词数80左右; 2. 短文的题目和首句已给出，不计入词数。 Traffic Safety, Our Responsibility Recently, many teenagers have got injured or even killed in traffic accidents. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．暑假临近，上周你校举办了一次“暑假安全教育”讲座活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇报道，内容包括： 1.讲座目的； 2.讲座内容； 3.学生反响。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．随着越来越快的工作节奏和工作及生活的压力，拥有健康的身体成了焦点话题。于是越来越多的人通过运动来保持健康，但是运动的安全也要重视。 请你给校报的英语栏目English Corner投稿，号召同学重视运动安全，内容包括： 1.运动安全的重要性； 2.运动安全的建议。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.开头已给出。 Now more and more people do sports to keep healthy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．为增强学生的安全意识，你校上周五组织了消防演习活动。假定你是李华，请你给校英文广播站写一篇相关的新闻报道，内容包括： 1. 活动目的; 2. 活动流程; 3. 活动感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右; 2 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3. 参考词汇：灭火器fire extinguishers,毛巾towel One Fire Drill ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8．假如你是中学生李华，上周一，你们班举行了一次地震知识演讲比赛，请你根据你所学的知识写一篇关于如何在地震中保护自身安全的演讲稿。内容要点如下： 1. 在教室时怎样做；2. 在家时怎样更安全；3. 在街上时, 要注意什么。 注意：1. 词数80词左右； 2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：balcony(阳台) What to Do During an Earthquake? As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9．假定你是李华，目前食品安全问题引起了人们的广泛关注。一些生产厂家为了降低成本、追求利润，减少了必要的安全措施，致使一些劣质食品流入市场，对人们的健康产生了极大的危害。请你就此事给一家英文报社写封信，谈谈个人看法并呼吁整个社会关注此事。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 二、书信写作 10．假定你是李华，你校英语角要组织以“关注食品安全，守护健康成长”为主题的沙龙活动。请你准备一篇发言稿，内容包括： 1. 食品与健康的关系； 2. 你的打算及理由。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear teachers and classmates, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11．假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席，为增强学生安全意识，你校本周五下午准备进行一次消防演习，请你代表学生会写一份书面通知，内容要点如下： 1. 活动目的； 2. 活动时间； 3. 活动安排：①听到火警铃后，有序撤离到学校操场；②听专业消防员进行安全教育讲座；③…… （内容自拟） 。 4. 活动之后，写出感受。 参考词汇：消防演练fire drill 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Notice ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Students’ Union 12．你校将以“全国交通安全日(Traffic Safety’s Day of China)”为主题举办一次英语征文比赛。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1. 交通安全的重要性； 2. 你的建议； 3. 增强安全意识，倡议文明出行。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Traffic Safety Depends on Everyone _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$