专题07 阅读理解20篇（说明文）（期末真题汇编，湖南专用）高一英语下学期

**基本信息** 高中英语期末说明文阅读汇编，精选湖南各地市2025年期末试题19篇，涵盖科技（如AI诊断ADHD）、社会（如过度捕捞）、文化（如元宇宙交流）等主题，注重语言能力与思维品质培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|19篇，每篇4题|细节理解、词义猜测（如“salutary”）、推理判断、主旨大意|素材具时代性（如“人工 naps”研究），问题设计梯度分明，贴合高考命题趋势|

专题07 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）When children learn a musical instrument, one of the hardest things for a parent to do is encourage them to practice. But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life. That may not be enough to encourage a child who has better things to do, but it’s good news for those who enjoy music. Researchers from the UK looked at data from an online survey of more than 1,000 people over the age of 40 who had been asked to talk about their musical experiences and exposure (暴露) to music during their lives. They were also given tasks that tested their memory and skills in things like planning and focusing. The study found that playing a musical instrument, especially the piano, was connected with better memory and thinking skills. And continuing to play an instrument into later life was found to have an even more salutary effect. Singing was related to better brain health in older age too. The research team suggested that the social factors that came with singing in a singing group may also have had an effect. One of the researchers, Anne Corbett, who is a professor of dementia (痴呆) research at the University of Exeter, said that encouraging older adults to return to music later in life could be a useful public health strategy. Anne said, “There is much evidence for the benefit of music group activities for individuals with dementia.” And she suggested that such activities could be used to reduce the risk of developing dementia. Of those who took part in the survey,89% said they had played a musical instrument at some time in their lives, and about half still played one. Around seven out of ten said they had taken part in group singing. 1．Which is a benefit children may get by learning musical instruments according to the text? A．Becoming famous. B．Doing things perfectly. C．Getting courage to try new things. D．Having better brain health in later life. 2．What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Positive. B．Absolute. C．Typical. D．Sufficient. 3．According to Anne, how could music benefit older adults? A．It inspired them to sing more. B．It helps them stay physically active. C．It provides a relaxing mind in their free time. D．It lowers their chance of developing dementia. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the importance of a hobby. B．To tell us what we should do in daily life. C．To push people to join in music activities. D．To describe that singing is good for health. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究发现演奏乐器和唱歌对人晚年的大脑健康有益，尤其能降低患痴呆症的风险。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life.(但父母可以用以下方式给孩子一个尝试的理由：一项研究发现，演奏乐器可能会在以后的生活中带来更好的大脑健康。)”可知，孩子们学习乐器的一个好处是在晚年拥有更好的大脑健康。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The study found that playing a musical instrument, especially the piano, was connected with better memory and thinking skills. And continuing to play an instrument into later life was found to have an even more salutary effect.(研究发现，演奏乐器，尤其是钢琴，与更好的记忆力和思维能力有关。研究还发现，晚年继续演奏乐器会产生更salutary效果。)”可知，salutary在这里与“better”呼应，表达积极的、有益的意思。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Anne said, “There is much evidence for the benefit of music group activities for individuals with dementia.” And she suggested that such activities could be used to reduce the risk of developing dementia.(Anne说：“有很多证据表明，音乐团体活动对痴呆症患者有益。”她还建议，这样的活动可以用来降低患痴呆症的风险。)”可知，Anne认为音乐可以降低老年人患痴呆症的几率。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life. That may not be enough to encourage a child who has better things to do, but it’s good news for those who enjoy music.(但这里有个理由，家长们可以用它来激励孩子尝试：一项研究发现，演奏乐器或许能让他们在晚年拥有更健康的大脑。对于那些有其他更想做的事情的孩子来说，这可能不足以起到鼓励作用，但对那些热爱音乐的孩子而言，这无疑是个好消息。)”和最后一段“Of those who took part in the survey,89% said they had played a musical instrument at some time in their lives, and about half still played one. Around seven out of ten said they had taken part in group singing.(在参与调查的人中，89%的人说他们在生活中的某个时候玩过乐器，大约一半的人仍然在玩乐器。大约七成的人说他们参加过集体演唱)”并结合文中对该研究的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了演奏乐器和唱歌对大脑健康的益处，尤其是对老年人降低患痴呆症风险有帮助，且最后提到参与调查的人多数有过相关音乐活动经历，由此可推断作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们参与音乐活动。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2025高一下·湖南永州·期末）When parents find out that their child has autism (自闭症), they’ re usually shocked. How could a baby that seemed healthy end up with a disease that can’t be cured? Since autism was first recognized in the 1940s, researchers have been working hard to understand it. Even though researchers don’t know the exact causes yet, they are learning more about how it develops. A psychologist named Ami Klin says whether autism turns into a disability depends on early experiences. This means that autism as a serious disability might not be something that can’t be avoided. Studies show that autism might be found as early as three months old — long before some common signs emerge. Usually, language delays and difficulties with social interaction don’t appear until about two years after birth. Finding it early will allow for interventions (干预措施) that may cut down the negative effects of autism. Scientists are also learning more about what goes on in the brains of these children. Joseph Piven, a psychiatrist (精神病医生) at the University of North Carolina, and his colleagues studied 106 babies who had an older brother or sister with autism. That meant these babies were more likely to get autism too. Using MRI, a special brain-scanning method, they looked at the babies’ brains when they were six months old, and then again when they were 12 months and 24 months old. The researchers found big differences between the babies who later got autism and those who didn’t. The brains of the babies who were later diagnosed (诊断) with autism grew faster than the others. They got bigger on the surface until they were 12 months old, and then got bigger in size during the second year of life. The link between brain overgrowth and autism diagnosis is so strong that brain scans can correctly predict autism in a lot of cases. That means if we find it earlier, doing something purposefully might be able to change how the brain grows for children with autism. 1．What can be inferred about autism from the first two paragraphs? A．It can be cured if it is found early. B．Researchers first recognized it in 1940. C．It doesn’t necessarily develop into a disability. D．Researchers have figured out its exact causes. 2．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Appear. B．Worse. C．Continue. D．Change. 3．How did Joseph Piven and his colleagues carry out their study? A．By making comparisons. B．By doing lab experiments. C．By analyzing previous data. D．By conducting field research. 4．What may be talked about in the paragraph following this passage? A．Exact causes of autism. B．Negative effects of autism. C．Specific interventions for autism. D．Cases of successful autism diagnosis. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自20世纪40年代起，研究者不断探索自闭症，早发现早干预可减少其负面影响，且大脑过度生长与自闭症诊断关联紧密。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“A psychologist named Ami Klin says whether autism turns into a disability depends on early experiences. This means that autism as a serious disability might not be something that can’t be avoided.(一位名叫阿米·克林的心理学家表示，自闭症是否会演变成一种残疾取决于早期的经历。这意味着自闭症作为一种严重的残疾问题，或许并非无法避免)”可知，自闭症未必会发展成一种残疾。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“autism might be found as early as three months old — long before some common signs(自闭症可能在婴儿三个月大时就已显现——远早于一些常见的症状……)”以及后文“Usually, language delays and difficulties with social interaction don’t appear until about two years after birth.(通常情况下，语言发育迟缓以及社交互动方面的困难要到出生后约两年才会出现)”可知，自闭症显现的时间比其他常见的症状出现时间更早，故划线词意思是“出现”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Joseph Piven, a psychiatrist at the University of North Carolina, and his colleagues studied 106 babies who had an older brother or sister with autism. That meant these babies were more likely to get autism too. Using MRI, a special brain-scanning method, they looked at the babies’ brains when they were six months old, and then again when they were 12 months and 24 months old. The researchers found big differences between the babies who later got autism and those who didn’t. The brains of the babies who were later diagnosed with autism grew faster than the others. They got bigger on the surface until they were 12 months old, and then got bigger in size during the second year of life.(北卡罗来纳大学的精神病学家约瑟夫·皮文及其同事对 106 名有哥哥或姐姐患有自闭症的婴儿进行了研究。这意味着这些婴儿患自闭症的可能性更大。他们利用磁共振成像（一种特殊的脑部扫描方法）在婴儿六个月大时对其大脑进行了观察，随后又在婴儿12个月和24个月大时再次进行观察。研究人员发现，那些后来被诊断出患有自闭症的婴儿与未患自闭症的婴儿在大脑方面存在显著差异。那些后来被诊断出患有自闭症的婴儿的大脑发育速度更快，其大脑表面在12个月大时就比其他婴儿更大，而在两岁大的时候，其大脑体积也更大)”可知，约瑟夫·皮文及其同事通过进行比较开展他们的研究。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That means if we find it earlier, doing something purposefully might be able to change how the brain grows for children with autism.(这意味着，如果我们能更早地发现这一情况，那么有针对性地采取措施或许能够改变患有自闭症儿童的大脑发育状况)”可知，接下来可能会谈到自闭症的具体干预措施。故选C。 Passage 3 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Understanding a simple-looking sentence like “I read this article yesterday” actually requires complex processing of subject, action, object, and time. Yet the human brain does this almost instantaneously based on grammatical rules, says linguist Martin of the Max Planck Institute. His team found that the brain adapts to basic grammatical differences across languages by adjusting how it processes each sentence. Their recent study observed variations in Dutch- speaking participants’ brain waves while they listened to a Dutch-language audiobook by means of measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence. Interestingly, they found that, unlike previous English- based studies, which supported a “wait and see” model where listeners understand phrases only after they end, Dutch participants showed a strong tendency toward a highly predictive model- mentally completing phrases before they were finished. In Dutch language structure, verbs sometimes come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W. Coopmans, which suggests this seemingly unrealistically delay probably encourages more predictive sentence processing. However, he emphasizes that neither parsing (语法分析) strategy is necessarily better or worse. Instead, people adapt their processing style to fit the structure of the language they’re using, showing the brain’s flexibility across languages. The findings highlight the need for more diverse subjects in linguistic research, says linguist Jixing Li, who focuses on how brain activity differs when processing languages like English and Chinese due to structural differences. Studying only neurotypical English speakers can miss key variations and limit model accuracy. Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language “is going to help us capture how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social utility of language, in many different ways,” Martin says. “There’s so much yet to be understood in the brain.” 1．What does the underlined word “instantaneously” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．immediately. B．constantly C．regularly D．currently 2．According to the study, what can be inferred about Dutch-speaking participants? A．Their brains work more actively than English speakers. B．Their brain activity is less predictable than that of English speakers. C．They struggle to understand complicated sentences as verbs appear late. D．They prefer to guess upcoming words while listening to spoken language. 3．What message does Coopmans’ words convey? A．Delayed words confuse Dutch speakers. B．Dutch verbs come closely after the subject. C．People process different languages with the same procedure. D．Parsing strategy is not that important in understanding a language. 4．What can be learnt from the last two paragraphs? A．Diversifying subjects is necessary in linguistic research. B．Diversifying subjects helps understand the social utility. C．How the brain processes language has been fully settled. D．Studying neurotypical English speakers can miss variation. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了语言学家关于大脑处理不同语言方式的研究，发现大脑会根据语言结构调整处理策略，强调语言研究中多样化研究对象的必要性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Understanding a simple-looking sentence like “I read this article yesterday” actually requires complex processing of subject, action, object, and time. Yet the human brain does this almost instantaneously based on grammatical rules, says linguist Martin of the Max Planck Institute. (理解像“我昨天读了这篇文章”这样看似简单的句子，实际上需要对主语、动作、宾语和时间进行复杂的处理。然而，马克斯·普朗克研究所的语言学家马丁说，人类大脑几乎能instantaneously地根据语法规则完成这一过程。)”可知，虽然理解一个简单句子需要复杂的处理，但大脑却能很快地根据语法规则完成这一过程。由此可知，instantaneously意为“立即，马上”，与immediately意思相近。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Interestingly, they found that, unlike previous English- based studies, which supported a “wait and see” model where listeners understand phrases only after they end, Dutch participants showed a strong tendency toward a highly predictive model- mentally completing phrases before they were finished. (有趣的是，他们发现，与之前基于英语的研究不同，之前的研究支持一种“等待并观察”的模式，即听众只有在短语结束后才理解短语，而荷兰参与者则表现出强烈的倾向，倾向于一种高度预测的模式 —— 在短语完成之前就在脑海中完成短语。)”可知，荷兰语参与者在听语言时倾向于在脑海中提前完成短语，即他们更喜欢猜测即将出现的单词。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, he emphasizes that neither parsing (语法分析) strategy is necessarily better or worse. Instead, people adapt their processing style to fit the structure of the language they’re using, showing the brain’s flexibility across languages. (然而，他强调，两种语法分析策略都不一定更好或更差。相反，人们会调整自己的处理方式以适应他们所使用的语言的结构，这表明大脑在不同语言之间具有灵活性。)”可知，Coopmans认为两种语法分析策略没有优劣之分，人们会根据语言结构调整处理方式，即语法分析策略在理解语言中并不是那么重要。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The findings highlight the need for more diverse subjects in linguistic research, says linguist Jixing Li, who focuses on how brain activity differs when processing languages like English and Chinese due to structural differences. Studying only neurotypical English speakers can miss key variations and limit model accuracy. (语言学家李继星专门研究由于结构差异，在处理英语和汉语等语言时大脑活动的差异，他说，这些发现突显了语言研究中需要更多样化的研究对象。只研究神经典型的英语使用者可能会错过关键的变化，并限制模型的准确性。)”和最后一段中“Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language “is going to help us capture how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social utility of language, in many different ways,” Martin says. (马丁说，在研究大脑如何处理语言时，使研究对象多样化“将帮助我们从许多不同的方面捕捉大脑如何理解语言的结构意义和语言的社会效用”。)”可知，从最后两段可以学到在语言学研究中，使研究对象多样化是很有必要的。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2025高一下·湖南·期末）Scientists have long been sounding the alarm about an approaching disaster of ocean overfishing — the harvesting of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for species to replace themselves. Scientists know when widespread overfishing of the seas began. And they have a pretty good idea when, if left unaddressed, it will end badly. Faced with the collapse of large-fish populations, commercial ships began traveling deeper in the ocean and farther down the food chain for practicable catches. This so-called “fishing down” has encouraged a chain reaction that is upsetting the ancient and delicate balance of the sea’s biologic system. coral reefs, for example, are particularly sensitive to overfishing. Fishing out too many herbivores (食草动物) — whether intentionally or as bycatch (误捕) — can weaken reefs and make them more sensitive to being destroyed by extreme weather events and climate change. Fishing equipment can also physically destroy the delicate corals that make up the reef foundations. Overfishing can also harm other species. Dolphins, sea birds, sharks, and other animals have all faced existential threats as bycatch. Over the years, humans have begun to understand that the oceans, thought to be unendingly vast and rich, are in fact highly delicate. Many scientists say most fish populations could be restored with forceful management and better application of laws governing catches, including establishing catch limits. An increased use of aquaculture (水产业), the farming of seafood, would also help. And in many regions, there is reason for hope. 1．What do we know about “fishing down”? A．It makes a lot of profit. B．It causes extreme climate change. C．It makes coral reefs more sensitive. D．It increases bycatch to balance the sea’s ecosystem. 2．How does overfishing harm species like dolphins and sharks? A．Accidental capture as bycatch. B．Competition with herbivores for food. C．Direct hunting for commercial purpose. D．destruction of their living environment. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．There are solutions and hope for recovery. B．The damage caused by overfishing affects our life. C．People’s awareness of ocean protection needs raising. D．Governments have taken forceful measures to manage overfishing. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Who to Blame? B．Where to Catch? C．Why the Overfishing? D．What disaster? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了海洋过度捕捞的问题，包括其定义、对海洋生态系统的破坏、对特定物种的影响，以及可能的解决方案和恢复希望。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fishing out too many herbivores (食草动物) — whether intentionally or as bycatch (误捕) — can weaken reefs and make them more sensitive to being destroyed by extreme weather events and climate change. (过度捕捞食草动物 —— 无论是有意为之还是误捕 —— 都会削弱珊瑚礁，使其对极端天气事件和气候变化造成的破坏更加敏感。)”以及第二段中提到的“This so-called “fishing down” has encouraged a chain reaction that is upsetting the ancient and delicate balance of the sea’s biologic system. (这种所谓的“向下捕捞”引发了一系列连锁反应，扰乱了海洋生物系统古老而微妙的平衡。)”可知，“向下捕捞”使得珊瑚礁对极端天气事件和气候变化造成的破坏更加敏感。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dolphins, sea birds, sharks, and other animals have all faced existential threats as bycatch. (海豚、海鸟、鲨鱼和其他动物都因误捕而面临生存威胁。)”可知，过度捕捞通过误捕的方式对海豚和鲨鱼等物种造成伤害。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Many scientists say most fish populations could be restored with forceful management and better application of laws governing catches, including establishing catch limits. An increased use of aquaculture (水产业), the farming of seafood, would also help. And in many regions, there is reason for hope. (许多科学家表示，通过强有力的管理和更好地应用有关捕捞的法律，包括建立捕捞限制，大多数鱼类种群都可以得到恢复。更多地利用水产养殖业，即海鲜养殖，也将有所帮助。在许多地区，我们有理由抱有希望。)”可推知，对于海洋生态的恢复，存在解决办法且有希望。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。纵览全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists have long been sounding the alarm about an approaching disaster of ocean overfishing — the harvesting of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for species to replace themselves. (长期以来，科学家们一直在敲响海洋过度捕捞灾难即将来临的警钟 —— 以过高的速度从海洋中捕捞野生动物，导致物种无法自我替代。)”可知，文章开篇点明过度捕捞这一海洋灾难，随后阐述其带来的危害，最后提及恢复的可能措施和希望，D项“What disaster? (什么灾难？)”以设问形式概括了文章围绕过度捕捞这一灾难展开的内容，适宜作为标题。故选D项。 Passage 5 （2025高一下·湖南·期末）Social comparison is a normal behavior strategy where we seek to better understand our status relating to ability, opinion, emotional reaction, and more, by comparing ourselves to other people. Social comparison can be useful because it provides us with a way to determine if we are on track. However, it can also be extremely harmful and result in negative thoughts and behaviors. If we compare our behavior to an unrealistic role model, subsequently we may develop low self-respect. Social media platforms are good examples of modern-day opportunities for social comparison. We can browse our friends’ photographs, read updates about their lives, and learn about big and special events on them, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Social media posts, however, are unavoidable. So we are often engaging in upward social comparisons. There is some evidence that increased use of social media is associated with more negative feelings. One explanation is that we engage in more upward social comparisons on social media than we would in real life, which results in feelings of self-denial and envy. Some evidence exists that the use of social media results in lower self-respect. That is to say, the use leads to depression. The relationship between upward social comparison on social media and depression is complicated. The presence of optimism further mediates (调解) this relationship. For participants with low optimism, the negative effects of upward social comparison were more obvious. Participants with high optimism experienced a weaker relationship between using social media and depression. Optimism freed them from the harmful effects of upward social comparison on social media. 1．What is the primary purpose of social comparison? A．To imitate unrealistic role models. B．To increase social media engagement. C．To develop feelings of self-denial and envy. D．To evaluate a person’s status in ability, opinion or emotions. 2．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning social media platforms in paragraph 2? A．The importance of social comparison. B．The danger in overusing social media. C．The complication of social media posts. D．The benefits of accessing social media sites. 3．According to the text, why is social comparison sometimes harmful? A．It may low social status. B．It may lead to low self-respect. C．It may create unrealistic behaviors. D．It may reduce time spent on social media. 4．What did researchers find about participants with high optimism? A．They took an active part in social activities with friends. B．They experienced weaker negative effects from social media. C．They showed stronger links between social media and depression. D．They engaged in more upward social comparison on social media. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社会比较这一行为策略，阐述了其目的、在社交媒体中的体现、可能带来的危害，以及乐观主义对缓解其负面影响的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Social comparison is a normal behavior strategy where we seek to better understand our status relating to ability, opinion, emotional reaction, and more, by comparing ourselves to other people. (社会比较是一种正常的行为策略，我们通过与他人比较来更好地了解自己在能力、观点、情感反应等方面的状况。)”可知，社会比较的主要目的是评估一个人在能力、观点或情感方面的状况。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Social media platforms are good examples of modern-day opportunities for social comparison. We can browse our friends’ photographs, read updates about their lives, and learn about big and special events on them, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. (社交媒体平台是现代社会进行比较的典型场所。我们可以浏览朋友的照片，阅读他们生活的最新动态，了解他们在Twitter、Facebook和Instagram等平台上的重大和特殊事件。)”以及第三段中“Social media posts, however, are unavoidable. So we are often engaging in upward social comparisons. There is some evidence that increased use of social media is associated with more negative feelings. (然而，社交媒体上的帖子是不可避免的。所以我们经常进行向上的社会比较。有证据表明，社交媒体使用量的增加与更多的负面情绪有关。)”可知，作者提到社交媒体平台是为了说明过度使用社交媒体进行社会比较可能带来的负面影响，即其危险性。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段中“If we compare our behavior to an unrealistic role model, subsequently we may develop low self-respect. (如果我们把自己的行为和一个不切实际的榜样相比较，随后我们可能会产生自卑感。)”可知，社会比较有时是有害的，因为它可能导致自尊心降低。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Participants with high optimism experienced a weaker relationship between using social media and depression. Optimism freed them from the harmful effects of upward social comparison on social media. (乐观程度高的参与者，其社交媒体使用与抑郁之间的关联较弱。乐观使他们免受社交媒体上向上社会比较的有害影响。)”可知，研究人员发现，乐观程度高的参与者受到社交媒体的负面影响较小。故选B项。 Passage 6 （2025高一下·湖南怀化·期末）When Yuan Longping was young, he witnessed the rough reality of farmers frequently suffering from poor harvests and even facing severe food shortages. Driven by a strong sense of responsibility to address this pressing issue, he made the decision to study agriculture and received his education at Southwest Agricultural College. After graduation in 1953, Yuan took on the role of a teacher at Anjiang Agricultural School. He realized merely expanding the area of farmland was not the answer to increasing food production. Instead, the key lay in improving the output of the existing farmland. The question of how to achieve this was a hard challenge at the time. Yuan firmly believed that hybrid rice held the key to solving this problem. A hybrid is the result of crossing two or more varieties of a species, and one of its notable characteristics is that it often has higher production than traditional crops. But the idea of developing a hybrid of self-pollinating (自我传粉) plants like rice was highly debatable. The common belief then was that it was an impossible task. Nevertheless, Yuan was fearless. Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming. This achievement was a turning point, as it not only solved the food problem in China but also brought hope to people around the world suffering from hunger, enabling farmers to significantly increase their rice output. Today, it is estimated that approximately 60 percent of the rice consumed in China comes from Yuan’s hybrid rice. His innovation has not only ensured food security in China but also has a far-reaching impact globally. Many countries, such as India and Vietnam, which rely heavily on rice as main food, have also benefited from his hybrid rice technology. Yuan Longping’s story shows us the power of perseverance, which serves as an inspiration for people throughout the world. 1．What was Yuan Longping’s key solution to increasing food production? A．Developing hybrid rice. B．Importing rice from other countries. C．Expanding farmland area. D．Teaching better farming techniques. 2．What can be concluded about the development of hybrid rice? A．It’s an easy task to develop the rice. B．It’s widely accepted from the start. C．It requires great determination and efforts. D．It has an impact on food production only in China. 3．Which words can best describe Yuan Longping according to the passage? A．Ambitious and honest. B．Sociable and brave. C．Determined and selfless. D．Cautious and energetic. 4．What does this passage convey? A．Practice makes perfect. B．It’s never too old to learn. C．He who laughs last laughs best. D．Where there is a will, there is a way. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述袁隆平凭借毅力攻克杂交水稻难题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yuan firmly believed that hybrid rice held the key to solving this problem.(袁院士坚信，杂交水稻是解决这一问题的关键所在)”可知，袁隆平为提高粮食产量所采取的关键措施是开发杂交水稻。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming.(凭借坚定的决心和不懈的努力，他克服了一系列技术难题，成功培育出了第一种可用于大规模种植的杂交水稻)”可知，杂交水稻的开发需要极大的决心和努力。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming.(凭借坚定的决心和不懈的努力，他克服了一系列技术难题，成功培育出了第一种可用于大规模种植的杂交水稻)”以及倒数第二段“His innovation has not only ensured food security in China but also has a far-reaching impact globally. Many countries, such as India and Vietnam, which rely heavily on rice as main food, have also benefited from his hybrid rice technology.(他的创新不仅保障了中国的粮食安全，而且在全球范围内也产生了深远的影响。许多国家，比如印度和越南，这些国家主要以大米作为食物来源，也从他的杂交水稻技术中受益)”可知，袁隆平坚定且无私。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yuan Longping’s story shows us the power of perseverance, which serves as an inspiration for people throughout the world.(袁隆平的事迹向我们展示了坚持不懈的力量，这一精神对全世界的人们都具有极大的鼓舞作用)”以及文章讲述袁隆平凭借毅力攻克杂交水稻难题，可知，文章说明了有志者事竟成。故选D。 Passage 7 （2025高一下·湖南怀化·期末）Almost everything we do with, or simply near to, a connected device produces some small bit of information — about who we are, about the device we’re using and the other devices nearby, about what we did and when and how and for how long. Sometimes doing nothing at all — merely staying on a webpage — is recorded as a relevant piece of information. Our data are everywhere because our data are useful, mostly to make people money. When someone opens up their phone’s browser and clicks on a link, a whole hidden economy kicks into action. You browse a website for free, if you allow us to track your data and target you with personalized ads. If you don’t, you quit. There’s a common way to understand Internet business models: “If you’re getting it for free, you are the product.” What that means in practice is that websites give away their content for free and in return you feed them with your personal data. Network trackers get their information and feed it to different marketers and companies, which combine it with information gathered from other people and other sites and use it to classify us into “interest types”. The more data are gathered, the easier it is to predict who we are, what we like, where we live, whom we might vote for, how much money we might have, and what we might like to buy with it. Once collected, our information ricochets around a complex ad-tech ecosystem — springing rapidly between computers, automated processes, and ad companies like a pinball (弹球游戏) in a machine made up of thousands of companies that offer to analyze it and deliver highly targeted ads based on it. Clicking “Agree” on an app’s terms of service might mean, in the eyes of an exploitative (剥削性强的)— company, that the app will not only take the information you’re giving up but will sell it to, or share it with, other companies. The only certainty is that once our information is out there, we’re not getting it back. 1．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．Preventing data tracking limits online access. B．Users have full control over their personal data. C．Inactive visits produce useless information. D．Data tracking aims to provide free services. 2．Why do websites give away their content for free according to the passage? A．To promote the Internet. B．To collect users personal data. C．To help users save money. D．To provide better service to users. 3．What does the underlined word “ricochets” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Leaves slowly. B．Moves quickly and unpredictably. C．Hides securely. D．Disappears suddenly and completely. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards data collection? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍我们的行为甚至无操作都会产生数据，这些数据被网站等通过免费服务收集，在广告技术生态中快速流转，且一旦泄露便无法收回。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sometimes doing nothing at all — merely staying on a webpage — is recorded as a relevant piece of information.(有时，哪怕只是单纯地停留在某个网页上，也会被记录为有价值的信息)”以及第二段“You browse a website for free, if you allow us to track your data and target you with personalized ads. If you don’t, you quit.(你可以免费浏览某个网站，前提是允许我们追踪你的数据并为你推送个性化广告。如果不允许，你就会选择退出)”可知，阻止数据追踪会限制网络访问。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“What that means in practice is that websites give away their content for free and in return you feed them with your personal data.(这意味着在实际操作中，网站会免费提供其内容，而作为回报，你会向它们提供自己的个人信息)”可知，网站免费提供其内容是为了收集用户的个人数据。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“springing rapidly between computers, automated processes, and ad companies like a pinball (弹球游戏) in a machine(在计算机、自动化流程以及广告公司之间迅速穿梭往来，就像机器里的弹球一样来回弹跳)”可知，下文用弹球游戏比喻数据像弹球一样快速、不可预测地在公司和电脑间弹跳。故划线词意思是“移动迅速且难以预测”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clicking “Agree” on an app’s terms of service might mean, in the eyes of an exploitative (剥削性强的)— company, that the app will not only take the information you’re giving up but will sell it to, or share it with, other companies. The only certainty is that once our information is out there, we’re not getting it back.(在应用程序的使用条款中点击“同意”这一操作，在一些剥削性强的公司看来，可能意味着该应用程序不仅会获取你所提供的信息，还会将这些信息出售给或分享给其他公司。唯一可以确定的是，一旦我们的信息泄露出去，就再也无法收回了)”可知，作者对数据收集持批判态度。故选C。 Passage 8 （2025高一下·湖南郴州·期末）An accurate diagnosis of ADHD (多动症) is really important for people who have it. It helps them understand their condition and get the right support. But the current ways of diagnosing ADHD take a lot of time and aren’t always accurate. A new study suggests AI could help. Researchers in South Korea trained machine learning models to connect characteristics in photos of the fundus (眼底) at the back of the eye to a professional diagnosis of ADHD．Among the four machine learning models they tested, the best achieved a 96.9 percent score for predicting ADHD accurately, based on image analysis alone. The team discovered that higher blood vessel (血管) density, the shape and width of the vessels, and some changes in the eye’s optic disc were key signs of ADHD．For many years, people have thought that the changes in brain connectivity related to ADHD might also show up in our eyes. If we can figure out what exactly to look for, it could mean we have a faster and more reliable way to detect the disorder. The researchers tested this method on 323 children and teenagers with ADHD and another 323 without ADHD．The second group had the same age and sex as the first one. They found the AI system did very well in predicting ADHD and spotting some of its features. like problems with visual selective attention. Next, the researchers plan to test this method on more people of different ages.The average age of participants in this study was 9.5 years, and we know ADHD in adults can present quite differently. Also, they need to make the system better at telling the difference between ADHD and autism (自闭症). Since about 1 in 20 people has ADHD, a quicker and more accurate diagnosis can really make a difference to their lives. “Early screening and timely intervention can improve social, familial, and academic functioning in individuals with ADHD,” write the researchers. 1．What is the main problem with current ADHD diagnosis? A．Expensive and unetable. B．Dependable and available. C．Inaccessible and incorrect. D．Time-consuming and inaccurate. 2．What did the South Korean researchers do in the study? A．They developed a new drug for treating ADHD． B．They treated 323 children and teenagers with ADHD． C．They trained machine learning models to predict ADHD． D．They studied the relationship between autism and ADHD． 3．How did researchers test the AI system? A．By predicting the features. B．By using a matched control group. C．By referring to previous studies. D．By testing 600 children in total. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The intention of applying the AI system to more people. B．The significant impact of age differences on ADHD symptoms. C．The necessity of expanding AI-based ADHD diagnosis research. D．The importance of early social support for children with ADHD． 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了韩国研究人员训练人工智能预测多动症的研究。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But the current ways of diagnosing ADHD take a lot of time and aren’t always accurate.(但是目前诊断多动症的方法需要花费大量时间，而且并不总是准确的)”可知，目前这段多动症的方法耗时且不准确，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers in South Korea trained machine learning models to connect characteristics in photos of the fundus (眼底) at the back of the eye to a professional diagnosis of ADHD. Among the four machine learning models they tested, the best achieved a 96.9 percent score for predicting ADHD accurately, based on image analysis alone.(韩国的研究人员训练了机器学习模型，将眼底照片中的特征与ADHD的专业诊断联系起来。在他们测试的四种机器学习模型中，仅基于图像分析，最好的模型在准确预测ADHD方面取得了96.9%的分数)”可知，韩国研究人员在研究中训练机器学习模型来预测多动症，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers tested this method on 323 children and teenagers with ADHD and another 323 without ADHD. The second group had the same age and sex as the first one. The second group had the same age and sex as the first one.(研究人员在323名患有多动症的儿童和青少年以及另外323名没有多动症的儿童和青少年身上测试了这种方法。第二组的年龄和性别与第一组相同)”可知，研究人员是通过使用匹配的对照组来测试AI系统的，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是最后一句“Early screening and timely intervention can improve social, familial, and academic functioning in individuals with ADHD(早期筛查和及时干预可以改善多动症患者的社会、家庭和学术功能)”可知，文章首句提到研究人员计划在更多不同年龄的人身上测试这种方法，接着提出两点原因：ADHD在成年人身上的表现完全不同，他们还需要让这个系统更好地区分多动症和自闭症，最后指出早期筛查和及时干预可以改善多动症患者的社会、家庭和学术功能，因此本段主要讲扩大基于人工智能的ADHD诊断研究的必要性，故选C。 Passage 9 （2025高一下·湖南郴州·期末）It is rare that the CEO praises the virtues of sleeping late. According to one study, two-thirds of the CEOs of large American companies are up by 6 o’ clock, while for average Americans, the share is less than one third. For future corporate leaders, the message seems clear: you snooze (打盹), you lose. Mike has no such ambitions. But he’s tried with early starts, and finds they bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor — mailbox can be cleared and problems solved before the flood of meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Early birds are certainly thought highly of. Rolling into the office late is unacceptable in most companies. A study published in 2020 found night owls (猫头鹰) were regarded as being “lazy” and “immature”. However, rising early is not all upside. Those prepared to receive work when the boss arrives may be assigned more of it. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning early arrivals may end up working just as late as other colleagues. Waking before sunrise also risks making you a bore. Some early risers can’t help describing how much they got done while night owls hit the snooze button. Others go home early rather than socialize. Night owls, by contrast, let loose. In the eyes of many,late nights are the preserve of youth, while early mornings are viewed as for the elderly. If you’d like to change your body clock, it is possible to end in disappointment, as it is largely determined by genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5 and why they ought to have break rooms. 1．What advantage does Mike find in early starts? A．Getting ready for the work. B．Enhancing creative thinking. C．Reducing workload pressure. D．Improving social relationships. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Night owls feel more stressed. B．Rising early is altogether beneficial. C．Rising early probably means getting more work. D．One arriving early can end up in working earlier. 3．What does the underlined words “hit the snooze button” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Let out a yawn. B．Sleep a little longer. C．Turn off the alarm. D．Get up to make breakfast. 4．What is the author’s final advice regarding the body clock? A．Accept their genetic determination. B．Prioritize nighttime productivity. C．Adjust it through consistent habits. D．Balance work with regular breaks. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了多数美国大公司CEO早起，早起者受认可，但也有弊端，如可能多干活、让人觉得无趣。对此文章指出生物钟多由基因决定，不必纠结，多数人介于两者之间。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mike has no such ambitions. But he’s tried with early starts, and finds they bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor — mailbox can be cleared and problems solved before the flood of meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead.(迈克并没有这样的抱负。但他曾尝试过提前开始工作，结果发现这样做能带来一种满足感，那就是在编辑的邮箱还未清理完毕、问题还未解决之前就完成了工作——这样能让你在众多会议之前做好充分准备，从而感觉一切都很有条理)”可知，迈克觉得早起可以为工作做好准备。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Those prepared to receive work when the boss arrives may be assigned more of it.(那些愿意在老板到来时就做好准备迎接工作的人可能会被分配到更多的工作任务)”可知，早起可能意味着要完成更多的工作。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Waking before sunrise also risks making you a bore.(清晨起床就有可能让你变得乏味)”以及下文“Night owls, by contrast, let loose.(相比之下，夜猫子们则尽情享受夜晚的时光)”可知，夜猫子们享受夜晚的时光，所以清晨睡得较久。故划线词意思是“睡得较久”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you’d like to change your body clock, it is possible to end in disappointment, as it is largely determined by genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening.(如果你想改变自己的生物钟，可能会事与愿违，因为这在很大程度上是由基因决定的。或许最好的建议就是别再为自己的生物钟而烦恼了。大多数人都既不是早起的鸟儿，也不是夜猫子，而是介于两者之间的类型，白天和晚上都难以保持良好的状态)”可知，关于生物钟，作者的最终建议是接受其由基因决定的事实。故选A。 Passage 10 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）What if we could obtain the memory, learning and perception benefits of “power naps” without actually sleeping? A recent study in Science suggests that at least some of our primate cousins can. Researchers showed that brief naps (without rapid eye movement, or REM, sleep) improved monkeys’ performance on a visual- perception task. The scientists then mimicked (模仿) this effect by electrically stimulating the brains of awake monkeys-creating an “artificial nap” The team first trained five monkeys to evaluate image directions and tested them twice, with a 30-minute gap in which they either had non-REM sleep or merely rested. Monkeys that slept performed significantly better on the second test. The researchers recorded thousands of neurons’ activity in related brain regions: two visual areas and one associated with decision- making. They found in the monkeys that slept, this activity was, oddly, less synchronized (同步) during the second task than the first. “Sleep is a synchronizing phenomenon in which neurons go up and down together, but the level of synchrony after sleep is reduced compared with before,” says the study s senior author, Valentin Dragoi. “This is surprising.” This reduced synchrony correlated with performance increases, suggesting that neurons firing more independently may drive the improvement. Low-frequency “delta” brain waves are known to be involved in memory maintenance. These waves dominated the monkeys’ sleeping brain activity, and the team wondered whether they were behind the performance boost. To test it, the researchers conducted the experiment again-but instead of letting the monkeys sleep, they stimulated a visual brain region using a low-frequency electrical signal that mimicked delta waves. This stimulation also led to both reduced neural synchrony and better performance. These findings imply that brain stimulation could deliver some of the benefits of naps without sleep. The results strongly suggest “artificial nap” effects will translate to humans, says Sara Mednick, a neuroscientist who studies the relation between napping and performance. The researchers placed brain electrodes monkey for stimulation, but they plan to test comparatively mild techniques in people with sleep disorders and study other senses, cognitive functions and brain regions. “Are different areas most effective for particular tasks? No one knows.” Dragoi adds. 1．Why does the author raise the question in the beginning? A．To ask for an answer. B．To make a prediction. C．To introduce the topic. D．To clarify the definition. 2．What surprised the researchers in the image directions tests? A．The monkeys fell into REM sleep too quickly. B．The monkeys that merely rested performed better. C．Decision-making regions became completely inactive. D．Neural synchrony was reduced while performance rose. 3．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment again in paragraph 5? A．To confirm the findings of the earlier experiments. B．To prove influence of delta brain waves on sleeping. C．To stimulate the performance of a visual brain region. D．To figure out the cause behind the improved performance. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Artificial Naps: A Way to Boost Brain Function B．Electrical Stimulation: A Cure for Sleep Disorders C．Monkey Naps: Revealing the Hidden Power of Rest D．Delta Brain Waves: Unlocking the Cognitive Power of Sleep 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于“人工小憩”的研究。研究发现，通过电刺激清醒猴子的大脑，模拟非快速眼动睡眠时的脑电波，能够达到类似小憩带来的记忆、学习和感知方面的益处，为人类无需睡眠就能获得小憩好处提供了可能性。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“What if we could obtain the memory, learning and perception benefits of “power naps” without actually sleeping? A recent study in Science suggests that at least some of our primate cousins can. (如果我们无需真正入睡，就能获得“高效小憩”在记忆、学习和感知方面的益处，那会怎样呢？《科学》杂志最近的一项研究表明，至少我们的一些灵长类近亲可以做到。)”以及下文对研究的具体介绍可知，作者开篇提出问题是为了引出文章关于“人工小憩”的研究主题。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段““Sleep is a synchronizing phenomenon in which neurons go up and down together, but the level of synchrony after sleep is reduced compared with before,” says the study s senior author, Valentin Dragoi. “This is surprising.” This reduced synchrony correlated with performance increases, suggesting that neurons firing more independently may drive the improvement. (“睡眠是一种同步现象，神经元会一起上下波动，但与睡眠前相比，睡眠后的同步水平会降低，”该研究的资深作者Valentin Dragoi说。“这令人惊讶。”这种同步性的降低与表现的提高相关，这表明神经元更独立地发射可能推动这种改善。)”可知，在图像方向测试中，令研究人员惊讶的是神经同步性降低，而表现提升。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Low-frequency “delta” brain waves are known to be involved in memory maintenance. These waves dominated the monkeys’ sleeping brain activity, and the team wondered whether they were behind the performance boost. To test it, the researchers conducted the experiment again-but instead of letting the monkeys sleep, they stimulated a visual brain region using a low-frequency electrical signal that mimicked delta waves. This stimulation also led to both reduced neural synchrony and better performance. (已知低频“δ”脑波与记忆维持有关。这些脑波在猴子睡眠时的大脑活动中占主导地位，研究小组想知道它们是否是表现提升的原因。为了验证这一点，研究人员再次进行了实验，但他们没有让猴子睡觉，而是使用了一种模仿δ波的低频电信号刺激猴子大脑的视觉区域。这种刺激也导致了神经同步性的降低和表现的提升。)”可知，研究人员再次进行实验是为了找出表现提升背后的原因。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“What if we could obtain the memory, learning and perception benefits of “power naps” without actually sleeping? A recent study in Science suggests that at least some of our primate cousins can. (如果我们无需真正入睡，就能获得“高效小憩”在记忆、学习和感知方面的益处，那会怎样呢？《科学》杂志最近的一项研究表明，至少我们的一些灵长类近亲可以做到。)”和第六段“These findings imply that brain stimulation could deliver some of the benefits of naps without sleep. The results strongly suggest “artificial nap” effects will translate to humans, says Sara Mednick, a neuroscientist who studies the relation between napping and performance. (这些发现意味着，大脑刺激可以在不睡觉的情况下提供一些小憩的好处。研究打盹与表现之间关系的神经科学家Sara Mednick说，研究结果强烈表明，“人工小憩”的效果将适用于人类。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现通过对清醒的猴子进行电刺激，可以模仿短暂小憩对视觉感知任务的改善效果，这种“人工小憩”可能为人类提供类似小憩的好处，而无需真正入睡，所以A项“Artificial Naps: A Way to Boost Brain Function (人工小憩：一种提高大脑功能的方法)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 11 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）When people think about surfing, they imagine a young person riding the waves standing on a surfboard. Another special form of surfing, which is easier on your knees, is bodyboarding where the surfer rides a specially designed bodyboard lying on the stomach. This sport is gaining popularity because of its appeal (吸引力) to people of all ages. As people age, it’s common to lose confidence and develop a sharp sense of fear when beginning physical activities, especially those like surfing. Some surfing programs aim to fight these concerns by providing expert guidance and developing a sense of social connection while offering health benefits to seniors. But they’re about more than just exercise. There’s a social function that is particularly important to seniors. It’s really important to get older people in the water and get them active. A group of women in Western Australia take to the surf every week. These women who are called Granny Grommets have been riding waves in Albany for 25 years. The group began when founder Kim Buttfield was teaching a mom and daughter to surf, and some older women approached her and curiously asked, “What about us?” Buttfield decided to teach these women bodyboarding because it is easier on aging knees than standing on a surfboard. She said that there are only two requirements for joining: a positive attitude and members that have to be at least 50 years old. There are now more than 100 women in the group including Glenn Scott who became a member when she was 80. “All you need for a Granny Grommet is a bodyboard and a laugh across your face,” Scott said. Granny Grommets have inspired other senior surfing groups around Australia and even have gone global. There are groups in South Africa and even as far north as France. This shows that all you need is surf, a board, and determination to ride the waves at any age. 1．What makes bodyboarding special? A．Its speed of surfing. B．Its competition rules. C．The ages of the participants. D．The position on the skateboard. 2．What do the surfing programs mentioned in paragraph 2 aim to do? A．Offer expert guidance to professional surfers. B．Tell the youth about health benefits of surfing. C．Help older people overcome fears and keep active. D．Encourage social connections among young surfers. 3．What could we infer about the older women from the question “What about us?”? A．They disliked surfing. B．They desired to learn surfing. C．They were fearful of surfing. D．They were experienced in surfing. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Being a Popular Surfer B．Getting the Elderly into the Surf C．Joining in Women’s Surfing Programs D．Pushing Seniors to Attend a Global Surfing Event 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种适合老年人的冲浪方式——趴板冲浪，并通过Granny Grommets的案例说明冲浪能帮助老年人克服恐惧、保持活力，同时形成社交社群。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Another special form of surfing, which is easier on your knees, is bodyboarding where the surfer rides a specially designed bodyboard lying on the stomach. (另一种对膝盖更友好的特殊冲浪形式是趴板冲浪，冲浪者会俯卧在特制的冲浪板上进行滑行)”可知，趴板冲浪的特殊之处在于冲浪者在板上的姿势不同。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As people age, it’s common to lose confidence and develop a sharp sense of fear when beginning physical activities, especially those like surfing. Some surfing programs aim to fight these concerns by providing expert guidance and developing a sense of social connection while offering health benefits to seniors. (随着年龄增长，人们往往会在开始体育活动时失去信心并产生强烈的恐惧感，尤其是像冲浪这类运动时。一些冲浪课程旨在通过提供专业指导、培养社交联系，同时为老年人带来健康益处，来消除这些顾虑)”可知，这些冲浪课程的目标是帮助老年人克服恐惧、保持活跃。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The group began when founder Kim Buttfield was teaching a mom and daughter to surf, and some older women approached her and curiously asked, “What about us?” (这个团体最初成立时，创始人Kim Buttfield正在教一对母女冲浪，这时几位年长女性走过来好奇地问道：“那我们呢?”)”可知，几位年长女性提问“那我们呢？”，是想像那对母女一样学习冲浪，这表现出她们渴望学习冲浪的意愿。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This sport is gaining popularity because of its appeal (吸引力) to people of all ages. (这项运动正因其对所有年龄层人群的吸引力而越来越受欢迎)”可知，文章围绕趴板冲浪展开，指出这是一种适合老年人的冲浪方式，并通过Granny Grommets的案例说明冲浪能帮助老年人克服恐惧、保持活力，同时形成社交社群。因此，B项“让老年人参与冲浪”最契合趴板冲浪特别的吸引力，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 12 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）From a young age, Alex was fascinated by the symphony of sounds around him. The gentle sound of wind, the quiet whisper of rain, and the soft flowing of a stream. This early fascination drove him to choose acoustics (声学) as his major in university, where he studied in-depth into the science of sound. During his outdoor work, Alex was faced with the severe reality of noise pollution from cars and urban construction. Traditional noise-reduction methods, like thick insulation (隔离) and simple barriers, seemed ineffective against this difficult and ever-present problem. Driven by a desire for change, Alex was determined to develop a creative solution. In his lab, Alex did lots of experiments. He carefully examined the loudness and types of different urban noises. With the help of good equipment, he tested many sound patterns. After many attempts, he discovered a way to break up the noisy sounds. Alex then designed a network of smart speakers. These devices were equipped with highly sensitive microphones that could detect the slightest noise variations. The speakers were programmed to produce counter-sound waves. When these counter-sound waves met the original noise waves, they co-related in a way that canceled out the noise. The carrying out of Alex’s system faced several challenges, such as tech issues and setting-up problems, but Alex and his team persevered. Their efforts paid off when they set up the system on a particularly busy downtown street. The transformation was remarkable — the once-deafening noise was reduced by 70%. Encouraged by this success, the system was soon rolled out across other noisy areas of the city. Alex named his creation “Acoustic Harmony”, a proof of his vision of a more peaceful urban environment. 1．What inspired Alex to study acoustics? A．His fascination in symphony. B．His love for the sounds of nature. C．His passion for the science of sound. D．His worry about the noise pollution. 2．What problem did traditional noise-reduction methods have? A．They were too expensive to use. B．They were difficult to set up outdoors. C．They caused new environmental problems. D．They couldn’t solve the problem effectively. 3．What does the underlined word “counter-sound” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Sounds that fight against noise. B．Sounds that copy noise. C．Sounds that make noise louder. D．Sounds that record noise. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards Alex’s “Acoustic Harmony” invention? A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested. C．Admiring. D．Critical. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了亚历克斯受自然声音启发，发明“声学和谐”系统对抗噪音污染的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“From a young age, Alex was fascinated by the symphony of sounds around him. The gentle sound of wind, the quiet whisper of rain, and the soft flowing of a stream. This early fascination drove him to choose acoustics (声学) as his major in university, where he studied in-depth into the science of sound.(从很小的时候起，亚历克斯就被周围声音的交响乐所吸引。轻柔的风声，细细的雨声，潺潺的溪水。这种早期的迷恋驱使他在大学里选择了声学作为他的专业，在那里他深入研究了声音的科学。)”可知，是亚历克斯对自然声音的热爱促使他学习声学。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Traditional noise-reduction methods, like thick insulation (隔离) and simple barriers, seemed ineffective against this difficult and ever-present problem.(传统的降噪方法，如厚隔音层和简单的屏障，似乎对这个棘手且普遍存在的问题无效)”可知，传统降噪方法的问题在于它们不能有效地解决问题。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“The speakers were programmed to produce counter-sound waves. When these counter-sound waves met the original noise waves, they co-related in a way that canceled out the noise.(扬声器被编程以产生counter-sound波。当这些counter-sound波与原始噪声波相遇时，它们以一种抵消噪声的方式相互关联)”可知，counter-sound波与原始噪声波相遇时能抵消噪声，说明counter-sound波是与噪声对抗的声音。故画线词意思是“Sounds that fight against noise.(与噪声对抗的声音)”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The transformation was remarkable — the once-deafening noise was reduced by 70%. Encouraged by this success, the system was soon rolled out across other noisy areas of the city. Alex named his creation ‘Acoustic Harmony’, a proof of his vision of a more peaceful urban environment.(这一转变非常显著——曾经震耳欲聋的噪音降低了70%。受这一成功的鼓舞，该系统很快在该市其他嘈杂地区推广开来。亚历克斯将他的发明命名为“声学和谐”，这是他对更和平的城市环境愿景的证明)”可推知，作者对亚历克斯的“声学和谐”发明持赞赏态度。故选C。 Passage 13 （2025高一下·湖南·期末）A Cross-Cultural Bridge Built by Social Media In January 2025, the U. S. government banned TikTok over national security concerns. Unexpectedly, this move led thousands of American users to Xiaohongshu (also known as Red Note), a Chinese lifestyle app. This cultural shift has created heartwarming connections between young people in the U. S. and China, proving that shared interests can transcend language barriers. One popular trend on Xiaohongshu involves American users attempting Chinese recipes. For example, Leah Saifi, a New York influencer, posted a video of her making jiggly Chinese steamed eggs, inspired by a well-known Chinese tutorial. Her video received over 160, 000 likes and encouraging comments from Chinese users who suggested adding ingredients like ham or vegetables. Similarly, a Canadian couple’s attempt at the dish quickly gained 70, 000 likes, with Chinese users joking, “Foreigners made steamed eggs better than me! ” Another trend is about Li Hua, a fictional character from China’s national college entrance exam (gaokao). For years, Chinese students wrote letters as Li Hua to imaginary foreign friends. Now, real foreign users on Xiaohongshu are replying. American user Douglas posted, “Dear Li Hua, I’m sorry I didn’t get your letters... Now I’m here to reply. ” Sarah Dale from Mississippi expressed gratitude for a world where “every Li Hua’s letter is returned with love. ” These interactions highlight Xiaohongshu’s role in breaking stereotypes (刻板印象). Tsinghua University professor Shi Anbin noted, “The app offers unique experiences not found on Western platforms, helping global users understand China’s tech-savvy youth.” Despite efforts by some governments to hide China’s reality, ordinary people are building bonds through shared humanity. As Sarah Thrush from the U. S. wrote, “Love and friendship transcend distance. ” 1．What does the underlined word “transcend” in the text mean? A．Increase B．Change C．Overcome D．Reduce 2．Why did American users start using Xiaohongshu? A．They wanted to learn Chinese cooking. B．TikTok was banned in the U. S. C．Xiaohongshu is more popular than TikTok. D．They needed a platform to reply to Li Hua. 3．The example of Li Hua shows that foreign users on Xiaohongshu ________. A．are familiar with Chinese education systems B．are helping Chinese students with exams C．are welcoming cultural exchanges creatively D．are better at English than Chinese users 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize the U. S. ban on TikTok. B．To introduce Xiaohongshu’s features to Chinese users. C．To illustrate cross-cultural connections via Xiaohongshu. D．To compare TikTok and Xiaohongshu’s user bases. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国用户因TikTok被禁转而使用小红书，并在该平台上与中国用户展开多种文化交流，展现了社交媒体搭建的跨文化桥梁。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“This cultural shift has created heartwarming connections between young people in the U. S. and China, proving that shared interests can transcend language barriers. (这种文化转变在美国和中国的年轻人之间建立了温暖的联系，证明了共同的兴趣可以transcend语言障碍)”可知，这种文化转变让美国和中国年轻人之间建立了温暖联系，说明共同兴趣能跨越语言障碍，也就是克服、超越语言障碍。所以transcend在此处意思是“Overcomen (克服、超越)”。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In January 2025, the U. S. government banned TikTok over national security concerns. Unexpectedly, this move led thousands of American users to Xiaohongshu (also known as Red Note), a Chinese lifestyle app. (2025年1月，美国政府出于国家安全考虑禁止了TikTok。出乎意料的是，这一举措导致数千名美国用户转向使用中国生活方式应用小红书 (又称Red Note))”可知，美国用户开始使用小红书是因为TikTok在美国被禁。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Another trend is about Li Hua, a fictional character from China’s national college entrance exam (gaokao). For years, Chinese students wrote letters as Li Hua to imaginary foreign friends. Now, real foreign users on Xiaohongshu are replying. American user Douglas posted, “Dear Li Hua, I’m sorry I didn’t get your letters... Now I’m here to reply. ” Sarah Dale from Mississippi expressed gratitude for a world where “every Li Hua’s letter is returned with love. ” (另一个趋势是关于李华，他是中国高考中的一个虚构人物。多年来，中国学生以李华的名义给想象中的外国朋友写信。现在，小红书上真正的外国用户正在回复。美国用户道格拉斯发帖说：‘亲爱的李华，很抱歉我没收到你的信……现在我来回复了。’密西西比州的莎拉·戴尔对这个世界表示感激，在这个世界里，‘每一封李华的信都得到了爱的回应。’)”可知，李华这个例子表明小红书上的外国用户正以富有创意的方式欢迎文化交流。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“In January 2025, the U. S. government banned TikTok over national security concerns. Unexpectedly, this move led thousands of American users to Xiaohongshu (also known as Red Note), a Chinese lifestyle app. (2025年1月，美国政府出于国家安全考虑禁止了TikTok。出乎意料的是，这一举措导致数千名美国用户转向使用中国生活方式应用小红书 (又称Red Note))”及最后一段中“As Sarah Thrush from the U. S. wrote, ‘Love and friendship transcend distance. ’(正如来自美国的莎拉·思拉什所写：‘爱和友谊超越距离。’)” 可知，本文介绍了美国用户因TikTok被禁转而使用小红书，并在该平台上与中国用户展开多种文化交流，展现了社交媒体搭建的跨文化桥梁。进而推知，文章主要目的是通过小红书展示跨文化联系。故选C。 Passage 14 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as quick as it was in college. Use a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you’ll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory. “People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but there’s just no solid evidence,” says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention & Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. That’s not to say brain games are without benefits. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer”. In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging won’t necessarily come to a stop. “It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, and you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper,” says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing. 1．What does the writer intend to do in the first paragraph? A．To introduce a new theory. B．To promote a new app. C．To question an idea. D．To correct a mistake. 2．What does Engle think of the functions of brain games? A．Their effects still need proving. B．They have little practical effects. C．They really make some difference. D．They are bound to benefit brain health. 3．The underlined word in paragraph 3 most probably refers to “the ability to ________”. A．stop the brain aging B．keep the brain functioning C．speed up the brain aging D．improve gaming skills 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Games Prevent Brain from Turning Slow B．How to Slow the Decline of Brain Functions C．Stop Brain aging? Games’ Roles Need Proving D．Brain Games A Boost to Your Mental Fitness 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过“提出宣传观点→引用专家质疑→分析效果局限性”的结构，揭示脑力游戏的实际作用尚未被科学证实，呼吁理性看待其宣称的“抗脑衰老”功效。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true?(至少在这个蓬勃发展的行业背后的公司是这么希望你相信的。但事实果真如此吗？)”可推知，作者对其真实性表示怀疑。故第一段的作用是质疑一个说法。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段““People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but there’s just no solid evidence,” says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention & Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology.(“人们确实非常愿意相信自己能够做到这样的事情，从而让自己的大脑变得更聪明，但目前并没有确凿的证据支持这一说法。”佐治亚理工学院注意力与工作记忆实验室的首席研究员兰德尔·W·恩格尔如是说道)”可知，Engle认为脑力游戏的作用还有待证明。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging won’t necessarily come to a stop.(换句话说，反复玩同一款游戏能让你掌握游戏的玩法并提高游戏水平，但你的大脑衰老过程并不会因此停止)”可知，研究都表明脑力游戏不能使大脑停止老化。故划线词意思是“停止大脑老化”。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s easy to keep your aging brain as quick as it was in college. Use a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you’ll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true?(要让日渐衰老的大脑保持像在大学时代那样敏捷并非难事。只需使用一个充满益智游戏的网站，或者下载合适的应用程序，短短 20 分钟内，你就能为增强记忆力、减缓大脑机能衰退做出自己的贡献。至少那些推动这一行业蓬勃发展的公司是这么想的。但这究竟是真的吗？)”以及本文介绍了能提高记忆力和延缓大脑功能衰退的脑力游戏，但是研究表明，这些游戏仅能提高玩家对游戏技巧掌握的能力，并不能真正阻止大脑老化；游戏的作用还有待证明。由此可知，C项“阻止大脑老化？游戏的作用有待验证”适合作为本文的标题。故选C。 Passage 15 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Heidi Tai, co-founder of Tangaroa Blue Foundation , an organization committed to beach cleaning , was puzzled when she and her teammates started finding strange tire shaped capsules washed ashore along the Cape York coast, near Australia’s northeastern tip. But Tait eventually connected with Satlink- a Spanish satellite communications company. Satlink’s GPS-enabled buoys (浮标), the ones the beach cleaners Kept finding, help commercial fishers track their nets, lines etc. Tait had a brainwave that would see the buoys not just recycled but reused. For more than a decade, boat crews working farther west, in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria, had been telling Tait about how abandoned fishing nets were circling the gulf, hurting sea creatures. These so-called ghost (幽灵) nets had either broken free from commercial fishing boats and gotten lost, or were cut loose by fishers after getting caught on rocks. Weighing a few tonnes each, the nets that boat crews had chanced upon in the gulf were often too big for them to pull out of the water. They’d typically report the finds to the authorities, but by the time anyone with an appropriately equipped boat could head out to get one, the mass of messy rope had often gone from sight. However, once one of the GPS-enabled buoys is attached, it sends its location every few hours to a website, which lets Tangaroa Blue Foundation monitor the nets’ movements and warns the organization of danger. So far, the reused GPS trackers have helped Tangaroa Blue Foundation recover three ghost nets from Australian waters. Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s idea to track ghost nets isn’t entirely new; researchers with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia’s national science agency suggested it a decade ago. Taking the idea on board, the authorities tried using battery-powered trackers to monitor a few ghost nets. Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s approach differs in that its recycled buoys are solar-powered and require less upkeep. 1．What were the tire-shaped capsules originally used for? A．Removing beach waste. B．Recycling vehicle tires. C．Locating fishing equipment. D．Strengthening satellite signals. 2．What does the author intend to do in paragrap2? A．Illustrate a future possibility. B．Describe a technical process. C．Present a practical solution. D．Frame a problem context. 3．How do Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s buoys outperform (胜过) earlier trackers? A．They need less maintenance. B．They monitor broader regions. C．They receive government funding. D．They provide precise tracking data. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Turning Waste into Treasure: A Solution to Ghost Nets B．Fighting Threats: The Hidden Harm of Ghost Nets C．Financing Change: Innovative Ocean Cleanup Plans D．Protecting Seas from Waste: An Activist of Conservation 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Tangaroa Blue Foundation如何利用回收的CPS浮标来追踪和清理幽灵网，以保护海洋环境。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的句子“Heidi Tai, co-founder of Tangaroa Blue Foundation , an organization committed to beach cleaning , was puzzled when she and her teammates started finding strange tire shaped capsules washed ashore along the Cape York coast, near Australia’s northeastern tip. But Tait eventually connected with Satlink- a Spanish satellite communications company. Satlink’s GPS-enabled buoys (浮标), the ones the beach cleaners Kept finding, help commercial fishers track their nets, lines etc.(致力于海滩清洁的组织Tangaroa Blue Foundation的联合创始人海蒂·泰（Heidi Tai）和她的队友们开始在澳大利亚东北角附近的约克角海岸发现被冲上岸的奇怪的轮胎形状的胶囊，她感到很困惑。但泰特最终与西班牙卫星通信公司Satlink取得了联系。Satlink公司的GPS浮标，也就是海滩清洁工不断发现的浮标，可以帮助商业渔民追踪他们的渔网和渔线等。)”可知，这些轮胎形状的胶囊最初是用于帮助商业渔民追踪他们的渔网、渔线等设备的。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的句子“For more than a decade, boat crews working farther west, in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria, had been telling Tait about how abandoned fishing nets were circling the gulf, hurting sea creatures. These so-called ghost (幽灵) nets had either broken free from commercial fishing boats and gotten lost, or were cut loose by fishers after getting caught on rocks. Weighing a few tonnes each, the nets that boat crews had chanced upon in the gulf were often too big for them to pull out of the water.(十多年来，在澳大利亚卡奔塔利亚湾向西工作的船员一直在告诉泰特，废弃的渔网是如何环绕海湾，伤害海洋生物的。这些所谓的“鬼网”不是从商业渔船上掉下来丢了，就是被渔民在岩石上卡住后剪掉了。渔船船员在海湾里偶然发现的渔网，每个都重达几吨，往往太大了，他们无法将其拉出水面。)”可知，作者在第二段中描述了幽灵网对海洋生物造成的威胁，以及渔民们在清理这些网时遇到的困难。这为提出解决方案提供了背景。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的句子“Tangaroa Blue’s approach differs in that its recycled buoys are solar powered and require less upkeep.(Tangaroa Blue的不同之处在于，它的回收浮标是太阳能供电的，需要的维护较少。)”可知，Tangaroa Blue Foundation的浮标是太阳能驱动的，需要的维护更少。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章的整体内容，特别是第一段“Heidi Tai, co-founder of Tangaroa Blue Foundation , an organization committed to beach cleaning , was puzzled when she and her teammates started finding strange tire shaped capsules washed ashore along the Cape York coast, near Australia’s northeastern tip. But Tait eventually connected with Satlink- a Spanish satellite communications company. Satlink’s GPS-enabled buoys, the ones the beach cleaners Kept finding, help commercial fishers track their nets, lines etc. Tait had a brainwave that would see the buoys not just recycled but reused.(致力于海滩清洁的组织Tangaroa Blue Foundation的联合创始人海蒂·泰（Heidi Tai）和她的队友们开始在澳大利亚东北角附近的约克角海岸发现被冲上岸的奇怪的轮胎形状的胶囊，她感到很困惑。但泰特最终与西班牙卫星通信公司Satlink取得了联系。Satlink的GPS浮标，海滩清洁工不断发现的浮标，帮助商业渔民跟踪他们的网，线等。泰特灵机一动，发现这些浮标不仅可以回收利用，而且可以重复利用。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Tangaroa Blue Foundation如何利用回收的GPS浮标来追踪和清理幽灵网，这是一种创新的环保解决方案。所以，用A项“Turning Waste into Treasure: A Solution to Ghost Nets(变废为宝：幽灵网的解决方案)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。 Passage 1 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide-ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities — such as football, basketball, or hockey — specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social-emotional skills. A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities. The changing, unpredictable nature of a team game requires quick decision-making, strategic responses to opponents, and controlling immediate reactions — activities that effectively exercise the brain’s prefrontal cortex.   Moreover, the cooperative structure of team sports acts as a powerful practice field for complex social situations. Players must handle different roles, communicate under pressure, discuss strategies, and deal with both team conflicts and losses. This constant experience in a small “society” develops higher emotional intelligence, including understanding others’ feelings, seeing from different viewpoints, and recovering from group disappointments. The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in-group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence. Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities. In an age of digital communication and often weakened community connections, the purposeful, physical cooperation required by team sports offers an irreplaceable training space for the mental flexibility and social skills needed today. 1．What is the main point the passage makes about team sports? A．They are better than all other exercises for controlling teenagers’ weight. B．They offer special mental and social benefits that individual exercise doesn’t. C．Their main value is finding and developing top sports talent for a community. D．Science has directly proven that they greatly improve school exam results. 2．According to the study mentioned, what specific area did team sports players improve in? A．Basic physical strength and muscle stamina. B．Mental control abilities like thinking flexibility. C．Basic math calculation speed and correctness. D．Ability to remember facts and skills for a long time. 3．How does the passage say team sports work as a “buffer” for teenagers? A．By ensuring they always win in competitions. B．By offering money for school and future job chances. C．By building strong group unity and a feeling of belonging. D．By cutting down the time needed for schoolwork. 4．What factor does the passage say affects how much psychological benefit team sports provide? A．The price and exclusivity level of the sports equipment used. B．The geographic location and weather conditions for the sport. C．The current popularity and media attention the sport gets. D．The coaching quality and focus on improvement over winning. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要阐述了参与团队运动对青少年发展的多方面积极影响，包括在思维能力和社交情感技能方面的特殊益处，以及团队运动如何作为缓冲剂对抗青少年可能面临的社会疏离和心理困扰。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide - ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities—such as football, basketball, or hockey—specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social - emotional skills.(近期研究日益表明，参与有组织的团队运动对青少年发展有着重大且广泛的影响，远远超出单纯的身体健康范畴。虽然像跑步这样的个人运动确实能改善心脏健康，但参与像足球、篮球或曲棍球这样的团队活动，能特别培养出一套高级思维能力和社交情感技能)”可知，文章开篇点明主题，即团队运动对青少年发展有广泛影响，远超身体锻炼，与个人运动相比，团队运动能培养高级思维能力和社交情感技能，也就是团队运动提供了个人运动所没有的特殊心理和社交益处。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities.(一项长期研究表明，与仅进行个人锻炼或非体育活动的人相比，经常参与团队运动的青少年在需要心理控制的任务中表现更为出色，尤其是在认知灵活性（即转换思维的能力）和抑制性控制（即抵制冲动的能力）方面)”可知，研究表明经常参加团队运动的青少年在需要心理控制的任务中表现更好，特别是思维灵活性和抑制冲动的能力，即团队运动参与者提升了像思维灵活性这样的心理控制能力。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in - group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence.(共同追求一个共同目标也会产生强大的群体凝聚力和强烈的集体认同感，这是对抗青少年时期社会疏离和心理困扰的关键缓冲剂)”可知，第三段提到共同追求一个目标会产生强大的群体凝聚力和强烈的集体认同感，这是对抗青少年时期社会疏离和心理困扰的关键缓冲剂，也就是团队运动通过建立强大的群体团结和归属感来为青少年起到缓冲作用。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities.(有趣的是，这些益处似乎与参与程度有关，并且在一定程度上受到教练水平和团队文化的影响。那些注重技能提升、个人成长与合作学习，而非仅仅追求胜利的环境，更能促进心理健康和内在动力的提升——即便对于能力各异的球员而言也是如此)”可知，文章明确指出团队运动提供的心理益处受教练质量和注重提升而非获胜的团队文化的影响。故选D项。 Passage 2 （2025高一下·湖南永州·期末）Danish recycling artist and climate activist Thomas Dambo is introducing his large troll sculptures (巨魔雕塑) to the United States. Together with 22 troll builders, Dambo has created 10 sculptures that spread from the East Coast to the West Coast. His U.S. tour, titled “Way of the Bird King”, uses thousands of thrown- away palettes (调色板) to create these magical woodland creatures. “It has always been a dream of mine to go on a coast-to-coast road trip, especially since my days as a rapper touring around Denmark in a big bus,” says Dambo. “So, in a way, this feels like my big American breakthrough. My hope is that these sculptures will not only show the beauty of recycled materials but also inspire people to reconnect with nature, and promote a greater sense of environmental responsibility.” Starting in New Jersey and finishing in Washington State, “Way of the Bird King” continues to use recycled materials to tell a story of honoring nature and protecting land and waterways. Along with the installations (雕塑装置), Dambo has also been hosting talks, workshops, and other events to connect with the local community. The Pacific Northwest is particularly represented on the tour, with one sculpture going up in Portland, Oregon, and five others located across West Washington. These Northwest Trolls were organized by the Scan De Foundation, which aims to support relations between Denmark and the United States. The organization connected Dambo with members of the Muckleshoot and Snoqualmie tribes (部落), as his trolls are set on their traditional land. Together, they worked to ensure that these installations would respect Native American traditions. “Dambo brings messages to the world about taking care of our planet and not being wasteful,” Halliday says. “Our tribe shares the same values, so it was a natural cooperation. We need to take care of our Mother Earth.” 1．Why did Thomas Dambo create the 10 sculptures? A．To show his artistic talent. B．To make a profit from art exhibitions. C．To experience a coast-to-coast road trip. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 2．What do we know about the “Way of the Bird King” tour? A．It starts in Washington State. B．It uses new materials to create sculptures. C．It only includes the display of installations. D．It aims to respect nature and protect land and waterways. 3．What is John Halliday’s attitude towards the cooperation with Dambo? A．Indifferent. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of creating troll sculptures. B．Thomas Dambo’s U.S. tour with troll sculptures. C．The Scan De Foundation’s support for art events. D．Thomas Dambo’s experience as a rapper in Denmark. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了丹麦艺术家托马斯·丹博携团队用回收材料在美国打造10座巨魔雕塑，办巡回展并开展活动。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“My hope is that these sculptures will not only show the beauty of recycled materials but also inspire people to reconnect with nature, and promote a greater sense of environmental responsibility.(我的愿望是，这些雕塑不仅能够展现回收材料的美感，还能激励人们重新与大自然建立联系，并增强他们对环境保护的责任感)”可知，他创作这10件雕塑作品是为了提高人们的环保意识。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Starting in New Jersey and finishing in Washington State, “Way of the Bird King” continues to use recycled materials to tell a story of honoring nature and protecting land and waterways.(“鸟王之路”从新泽西州出发，最终抵达华盛顿州，它继续采用回收材料来讲述一个尊重自然、保护土地和水道的故事)”可知，这个活动旨在尊重自然、保护土地和水道。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Dambo brings messages to the world about taking care of our planet and not being wasteful,” Halliday says. “Our tribe shares the same values, so it was a natural cooperation. We need to take care of our Mother Earth.”(哈利迪说：“丹博向世界传递了有关保护地球、避免浪费的信息。我们部落秉持着同样的价值观，所以这种合作是自然而然发生的。我们必须呵护我们的地球母亲。”)”可知，约翰·哈利迪对与丹博的合作是支持的态度。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Danish recycling artist and climate activist Thomas Dambo is introducing his large troll sculptures to the United States. Together with 22 troll builders, Dambo has created 10 sculptures that spread from the East Coast to the West Coast. His U.S. tour, titled “Way of the Bird King”, uses thousands of thrown- away palettes to create these magical woodland creatures.(丹麦的回收利用艺术家兼气候活动家托马斯·丹博正将他的大型巨魔雕塑作品引入美国。与 22 名巨魔雕塑建造者一起，丹博创作了 10 件雕塑作品，这些作品从东海岸延伸至西海岸。他的美国巡回展览名为“鸟王之路”，利用了数千块废弃的调色板来塑造这些神奇的森林生物)”结合文章主要说明了丹麦艺术家托马斯·丹博携团队用回收材料在美国打造10座巨魔雕塑，办巡回展并开展活动。可知，这篇文章的主要观点是托马斯·丹博的以巨像雕塑进行的美国巡展。故选B。 Passage 3 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）In 2020, scientists claimed to have found a sign of life on Venus (金星):a smelly gas in nature called phosphine that’s made by tiny living things on Earth. The claim was quickly stirring up disagreement. Now, another smelly gas is making waves in the search for alien (外星的) life — now turning to a planet beyond our solar system. Researchers announced on April 16 that they had used data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to discover a gas called dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the atmosphere of a distant planet called K2-18b. On Earth, DMS is mostly made by tiny ocean plants. On other planets, it could be what’s called a biosignature. The University of Cambridge, which hosts several of the researchers involved in the discovery, was quick to promote the finding as the strongest sign of biological activity outside the solar system. Some media agents followed suit to publicize the DMS as a likely sign of life. But scientists not involved in the discovery aren’t as overjoyed. For Clara Sousa-Silva, an astrochemist at Bard College who has weathered the storm of the Venus biosignature debate in 2020, she now watches history repeat itself. “The situation is disappointingly familiar. We did not learn enough from the ‘phosphine on Venus’ event,” she said. Those scientists use JWST to discover gases in K2-18b’s atmosphere by analyzing how starlight changes as it passes through K2-18b’s atmosphere. Each gas leaves unique marks in the light, which appear as squiggly lines on special graphs. They compared these lines to 20different molecules (分子). Sousa-Silva pointed most of the molecules aren’t structurally similar to DMS. National Geographic contacted some experts to find out what to make of this new biosignature claim, Their views are represented: It’s an interesting discovery, perhaps even an important step on the way to discovering life on other planets one day. They stressed on “one day”. 1．Why do the researchers consider DMS as a sign of life? A．It is mostly made up of phosphine. B．It is just as smelly as phosphine on Venus, C．It is mainly produced by living things on Earth. D．It was found on K2-18b which has living things. 2．What is Clara Sousa-Silva’s attitude to the new biosignature claim? A．Excited. B．Appreciative. C．Confused. D．Doubtful. 3．How did scientists identify DMS in K2-18b’s atmosphere? A．By observing ocean plants on K2-18b. B．By directly collecting gas from K2-18b. C．By studying starlight passing through its atmosphere. D．By matching it with 20 molecules of similar structure. 4．What can be inferred from the experts’ views in the last paragraph? A．More evidence is needed to confirm the claim. B．Findings from JWST are rather disappointing. C．They believe that life surely exists on K2-18b. D．They confirm the discovery is a big achievement. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员在系外行星 K2-18b发现DMS，认为可能是生命迹象，但其遭质疑，专家称需更多证据，这只是探索外星生命的一步。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“On Earth, DMS is mostly made by tiny ocean plants. On other planets, it could be what’s called a biosignature.(在地球上，二甲基硫醚主要由微小的海洋植物产生。在其他行星上，它可能就是所谓的生物特征)”可知，研究人员认为DMS是生命迹象，因为它在地球上主要由生物产生。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“But scientists not involved in the discovery aren’t as overjoyed. For Clara Sousa-Silva, an astrochemist at Bard College who has weathered the storm of the Venus biosignature debate in 2020, she now watches history repeat itself. “The situation is disappointingly familiar. We did not learn enough from the ‘phosphine on Venus’ event,” she said.(但没有参与这一发现的科学家们并没有那么高兴。对于巴德学院的天体化学家Clara Sousa Silva来说，她已经度过了2020年金星生物签名辩论的风暴，她现在看着历史重演。她说：“这种情况令人失望地熟悉。我们没有从‘金星上的磷化氢’事件中学到足够的知识。”)”可推知，她对新的生物特征说法持怀疑态度。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Those scientists use JWST to discover gases in K2-18b’s atmosphere by analyzing how starlight changes as it passes through K2-18b’s atmosphere.(这些科学家通过分析星光穿过K2-18b大气层时的变化，利用詹姆斯・韦伯太空望远镜发现了K2-18b大气层中的气体)”可知，科学家通过研究穿过其大气层的星光来识别DMS。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Their views are represented: It’s an interesting discovery, perhaps even an important step on the way to discovering life on other planets one day. They stressed on “one day”.(他们的观点是：这是一个有趣的发现，甚至可能是未来某一天发现其他行星上生命的重要一步。他们强调“某一天”)”可推知，专家们认为还需要更多证据来证实这一说法。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）The idea that the standard human body temperature is about 37℃ was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health — a tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator of whether someone is sick or well. However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn’t, in fact, correct — or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years. Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm(MD). Therefore, a Stanford team, led by ProfessorJulie Parsonnet, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening. For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct datasets from two historical periods. After going through 677,423 temperature measurements, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.6℃ lower than that of those born in the late 19th century, while women born in the same period showed an average decrease of 0.03℃ compared to those born in the 1890s. As to why this is happening, the researchers say that the most likely mechanism is a reduction in the human metabolic rate (代谢率) due to environmental factors. One possibility is that improvements in public health over 200 years have reduced the incidence of inflammations (炎症), which promote metabolism. This, combined with people living more comfortable lives in more stable environments, means that the body doesn’t have to work as hard to stay warm, so the average temperature falls. “The environment that we’re living in has changed. Although we think of human beings as if we have been the same for all of human evolution, we’re not the same. We’re actually changing physiologically,” Parsonnet said. 1．What’s Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich’s achievement? A．He set up standards for human health services. B．He first used body temperature as a health signal. C．He predicted trends in humans’ body temperature. D．He proposed the standard of human body temperature. 2．What do the Stanford team’s temperature measurements show? A．Women have a lower body temperature than men. B．Humans’ body temperature has dropped at a faster rate. C．Men’s body temperature has fallen faster than that of women. D．Environmental temperatures have risen since the late 19th century. 3．Which of the following is thought to cause the decrease in human body temperature? A．The dependence on tools. B．The adaption to climate change. C．The contact with other creatures. D．The improved living conditions. 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．Human body temperature has been dropping B．The standard body temperature for humans C．Metabolism increases body temperature D．Gender difference in body temperature 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人体体温的变化情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The idea that the standard human body temperature is about 37℃ was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health — a tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator of whether someone is sick or well.(1851年，德国医生卡尔·莱因霍尔德·奥古斯特·温德里奇首次提出了人体标准体温约为37℃的观点。从那时起，它被广泛接受，成为健康的试金石——医生和父母使用的工具，作为一个人是否生病或健康的基本指标。)”可知，Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich的贡献是他提出了人体体温的标准。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“After going through 677,423 temperature measurements, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.6℃ lower than that of those born in the late 19th century, while women born in the same period showed an average decrease of 0.03℃ compared to those born in the 1890s. (在进行了677,423次体温测量后，研究小组发现，21世纪出生的男性的平均体温比19世纪末出生的人低0.6℃，而同一时期出生的女性的平均体温比19世纪90年代出生的人低0.03℃。)”可推知，斯坦福研究团队的数据显示在相同的历史时期内，男性体温下降的速度比女性快。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段的“This, combined with people living more comfortable lives in more stable environments, means that the body doesn’t have to work as hard to stay warm, so the average temperature falls. (再加上人们在更稳定的环境中过着更舒适的生活，这意味着身体不需要像以前那样努力工作来保暖，所以平均温度下降了。)”可知，生活条件的改善使人类的标准体温降低。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇即点明“human beings have been getting cooler over the years (这些年来，人类变得越来越冷了)”，后续内容围绕这一现象的研究展开，故最佳标题为“人体体温一直在下降”，故选A。 Passage 5 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated competence across various sectors, but matching human creativity remains hard to achieve. However, companies like StoryFit are using AI in a much novel way. Initially, Monica Landers, founder and CEO of StoryFit, used AI technology to aid publishers in narrowing down their “slush piles (手稿集合)” to a shortlist of promising books. However, StoryFit found the publishing industry’s growth potential insufficient and targeted the film industry instead. Consequently, it has become the force behind several successful films and TV series in recent years. Primarily, StoryFit analyzes a script’s marketability, assessing where a story fits with the audience and how each storytelling element resonates. The film industry is high-risk, with considerable investments required before generating returns. StoryFit provides data on whether those risks are likely to be fruitful. StoryFit’s AI technology checks character traits (特点) to evaluate audience responses, determining how heroic or relatable a main character might be. This information allows creative professionals to identify potential character imbalances. As film lovers, the StoryFit team often applies their technology to beloved TV series. Story Fit analyzes audience connections to the storyline, offering insights into aspects such as the audience’s emotional journey throughout an episode or the impact of a favorite character’s departure. The company also reports on plot inconsistencies, such as characters behaving inconsistently with their established traits or disappearing from the storyline. Nevertheless, Landers emphasizes that their role is to draw insights from the data rather than comment on the script. She stated, “You have people whose whole careers are based on making those decisions. But we can be a technology voice that helps them to shine a light on what’s happening or not happening in the script.” Using AI technology like StoryFit in the film industry demonstrates artificial intelligence’s potential to enhance storytelling. As the technology advances, its impact on the film industry will only grow, paving the way for more engaging and resonant cinematic experiences. 1．What caused StoryFit to shift its focus from publishing to films? A．The financial difficulties. B．The restricted growth prospect. C．The decreasing customer base. D．The insufficient AI competence. 2．What is StoryFit able to do according to Paragraph 3? A．Evaluate scripts’ potential for success. B．Rewrite scripts for a wider audience. C．Identify potential character imbalance. D．Determine the amount of investment. 3．According to Landers, what is Story Fit’s role in script analysis? A．A decision-maker. B．A content developer. C．A marketing specialist. D．A data-driven consultant. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Rise of AI in Creative Industries B．Balancing Creativity and Technology in Film C．StoryFit: Revolutionizing Script Analysis D．StoryFit: Transforming Audience Engagement 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了StoryFit利用AI技术在电影行业进行剧本分析，其从出版行业转向影视行业的原因及其在行业中的作用。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However, StoryFit found the publishing industry’s growth potential insufficient and targeted the film industry instead.(然而，StoryFit发现出版行业的增长潜力不足，转而瞄准了电影行业。因此，它已成为近年来几部成功的电影和电视剧背后的力量)”可知，由于发现出版业成长潜力不足，StoryFit便将自己的工作重心转向电影行业。restricted是insufficient的同义替换。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Primarily, StoryFit analyzes a script’s marketability, assessing where a story fits with the audience and how each storytelling element resonates. The film industry is high-risk, with considerable investments required before generating returns. StoryFit provides data on whether those risks are likely to be fruitful. StoryFit’s AI technology checks character traits (特点) to evaluate audience responses, determining how heroic or relatable a main character might be.(首先，StoryFit分析脚本的市场价值，评估故事适合观众的地方，以及每个故事元素如何引起共鸣。电影行业是高风险的，在产生回报之前需要大量的投资。StoryFit提供了这些风险是否可能取得成果的数据。StoryFit的人工智能技术会检查角色特征来评估观众的反应，确定主角的英雄性或相关性)”可知，StoryFit通过分析剧本的市场潜力，评估故事与受众的契合度以及每个叙事元素的共鸣程度，从而影视行业提供数据支持，判断那些投资是否可能产生回报。由此推断出，StoryFit的AI技术能够探究剧本的成功潜力。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Nevertheless, Landers emphasizes that their role is to draw insights from the data rather than comment on the script. She stated, “You have people whose whole careers are based on making those decisions. But we can be a technology voice that helps them to shine a light on what’s happening or not happening in the script.”(然而，兰德斯强调，他们的作用是从数据中得出见解，而不是对剧本发表评论。她说：“有些人的整个职业生涯都建立在做出这些决定的基础上。但我们可以成为一种技术声音，帮助他们揭示剧本中正在发生或没有发生的事情。”)”可知，Landers认为StoryFit的角色是数据驱动型顾问。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。由文章的首段“However, companies like StoryFit are using AI in a much novel way.(然而，像StoryFit这样的公司正在以一种非常新颖的方式使用人工智能)”引入文章话题，以及最后一段“Using AI technology like StoryFit in the film industry demonstrates artificial intelligence’s potential to enhance storytelling. As the technology advances, its impact on the film industry will only grow, paving the way for more engaging and resonant cinematic experiences.(在电影行业中使用像StoryFit这样的人工智能技术，证明了人工智能在提高叙事能力方面的潜力。随着技术的进步，它对电影行业的影响只会越来越大，为更吸引人、更能引起共鸣的电影体验铺平道路)”可知，文章主要介绍了StoryFit利用AI技术在电影行业进行剧本分析，其从出版行业转向影视行业的原因及其在行业中的作用。C选项“StoryFit：对于剧本分析的革新”适合作为标题。故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（说明文） 答案版 Passage 1：1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C Passage 2：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C Passage 3：1.A 2.D 3.D 4.A Passage 4：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D Passage 5：1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B Passage 6：1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D Passage 7：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C Passage 8：1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C Passage 9：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A Passage 10：1.C 2.D 3.D 4.A Passage 11：1.D 2.C 3.B 4.B Passage 12：1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C Passage 13：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C Passage 14：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C Passage 15：1.C 2.D 3.A 4.A Passage 1：1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D Passage 2：1.D 2.D 3.B 4.B Passage 3：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A Passage 4：1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A Passage 5：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 阅读理解（说明文） Passage 1 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）When children learn a musical instrument, one of the hardest things for a parent to do is encourage them to practice. But here’s something parents can use to give their kids a reason to try: A study has found that playing a musical instrument may lead to better brain health in later life. That may not be enough to encourage a child who has better things to do, but it’s good news for those who enjoy music. Researchers from the UK looked at data from an online survey of more than 1,000 people over the age of 40 who had been asked to talk about their musical experiences and exposure (暴露) to music during their lives. They were also given tasks that tested their memory and skills in things like planning and focusing. The study found that playing a musical instrument, especially the piano, was connected with better memory and thinking skills. And continuing to play an instrument into later life was found to have an even more salutary effect. Singing was related to better brain health in older age too. The research team suggested that the social factors that came with singing in a singing group may also have had an effect. One of the researchers, Anne Corbett, who is a professor of dementia (痴呆) research at the University of Exeter, said that encouraging older adults to return to music later in life could be a useful public health strategy. Anne said, “There is much evidence for the benefit of music group activities for individuals with dementia.” And she suggested that such activities could be used to reduce the risk of developing dementia. Of those who took part in the survey,89% said they had played a musical instrument at some time in their lives, and about half still played one. Around seven out of ten said they had taken part in group singing. 1．Which is a benefit children may get by learning musical instruments according to the text? A．Becoming famous. B．Doing things perfectly. C．Getting courage to try new things. D．Having better brain health in later life. 2．What does the underlined word “salutary” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Positive. B．Absolute. C．Typical. D．Sufficient. 3．According to Anne, how could music benefit older adults? A．It inspired them to sing more. B．It helps them stay physically active. C．It provides a relaxing mind in their free time. D．It lowers their chance of developing dementia. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To explain the importance of a hobby. B．To tell us what we should do in daily life. C．To push people to join in music activities. D．To describe that singing is good for health. Passage 2 （2025高一下·湖南永州·期末）When parents find out that their child has autism (自闭症), they’ re usually shocked. How could a baby that seemed healthy end up with a disease that can’t be cured? Since autism was first recognized in the 1940s, researchers have been working hard to understand it. Even though researchers don’t know the exact causes yet, they are learning more about how it develops. A psychologist named Ami Klin says whether autism turns into a disability depends on early experiences. This means that autism as a serious disability might not be something that can’t be avoided. Studies show that autism might be found as early as three months old — long before some common signs emerge. Usually, language delays and difficulties with social interaction don’t appear until about two years after birth. Finding it early will allow for interventions (干预措施) that may cut down the negative effects of autism. Scientists are also learning more about what goes on in the brains of these children. Joseph Piven, a psychiatrist (精神病医生) at the University of North Carolina, and his colleagues studied 106 babies who had an older brother or sister with autism. That meant these babies were more likely to get autism too. Using MRI, a special brain-scanning method, they looked at the babies’ brains when they were six months old, and then again when they were 12 months and 24 months old. The researchers found big differences between the babies who later got autism and those who didn’t. The brains of the babies who were later diagnosed (诊断) with autism grew faster than the others. They got bigger on the surface until they were 12 months old, and then got bigger in size during the second year of life. The link between brain overgrowth and autism diagnosis is so strong that brain scans can correctly predict autism in a lot of cases. That means if we find it earlier, doing something purposefully might be able to change how the brain grows for children with autism. 1．What can be inferred about autism from the first two paragraphs? A．It can be cured if it is found early. B．Researchers first recognized it in 1940. C．It doesn’t necessarily develop into a disability. D．Researchers have figured out its exact causes. 2．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Appear. B．Worse. C．Continue. D．Change. 3．How did Joseph Piven and his colleagues carry out their study? A．By making comparisons. B．By doing lab experiments. C．By analyzing previous data. D．By conducting field research. 4．What may be talked about in the paragraph following this passage? A．Exact causes of autism. B．Negative effects of autism. C．Specific interventions for autism. D．Cases of successful autism diagnosis. Passage 3 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Understanding a simple-looking sentence like “I read this article yesterday” actually requires complex processing of subject, action, object, and time. Yet the human brain does this almost instantaneously based on grammatical rules, says linguist Martin of the Max Planck Institute. His team found that the brain adapts to basic grammatical differences across languages by adjusting how it processes each sentence. Their recent study observed variations in Dutch- speaking participants’ brain waves while they listened to a Dutch-language audiobook by means of measuring how many new “predictions” the brain makes of words that could come next in a sentence. Interestingly, they found that, unlike previous English- based studies, which supported a “wait and see” model where listeners understand phrases only after they end, Dutch participants showed a strong tendency toward a highly predictive model- mentally completing phrases before they were finished. In Dutch language structure, verbs sometimes come near the end of a sentence rather than immediately after the subject like they do in English, explains study lead author Cas W. Coopmans, which suggests this seemingly unrealistically delay probably encourages more predictive sentence processing. However, he emphasizes that neither parsing (语法分析) strategy is necessarily better or worse. Instead, people adapt their processing style to fit the structure of the language they’re using, showing the brain’s flexibility across languages. The findings highlight the need for more diverse subjects in linguistic research, says linguist Jixing Li, who focuses on how brain activity differs when processing languages like English and Chinese due to structural differences. Studying only neurotypical English speakers can miss key variations and limit model accuracy. Diversifying subjects in studies of how the brain processes language “is going to help us capture how the brain is understanding the structured meaning of language, and the social utility of language, in many different ways,” Martin says. “There’s so much yet to be understood in the brain.” 1．What does the underlined word “instantaneously” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．immediately. B．constantly C．regularly D．currently 2．According to the study, what can be inferred about Dutch-speaking participants? A．Their brains work more actively than English speakers. B．Their brain activity is less predictable than that of English speakers. C．They struggle to understand complicated sentences as verbs appear late. D．They prefer to guess upcoming words while listening to spoken language. 3．What message does Coopmans’ words convey? A．Delayed words confuse Dutch speakers. B．Dutch verbs come closely after the subject. C．People process different languages with the same procedure. D．Parsing strategy is not that important in understanding a language. 4．What can be learnt from the last two paragraphs? A．Diversifying subjects is necessary in linguistic research. B．Diversifying subjects helps understand the social utility. C．How the brain processes language has been fully settled. D．Studying neurotypical English speakers can miss variation. Passage 4 （2025高一下·湖南·期末）Scientists have long been sounding the alarm about an approaching disaster of ocean overfishing — the harvesting of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for species to replace themselves. Scientists know when widespread overfishing of the seas began. And they have a pretty good idea when, if left unaddressed, it will end badly. Faced with the collapse of large-fish populations, commercial ships began traveling deeper in the ocean and farther down the food chain for practicable catches. This so-called “fishing down” has encouraged a chain reaction that is upsetting the ancient and delicate balance of the sea’s biologic system. coral reefs, for example, are particularly sensitive to overfishing. Fishing out too many herbivores (食草动物) — whether intentionally or as bycatch (误捕) — can weaken reefs and make them more sensitive to being destroyed by extreme weather events and climate change. Fishing equipment can also physically destroy the delicate corals that make up the reef foundations. Overfishing can also harm other species. Dolphins, sea birds, sharks, and other animals have all faced existential threats as bycatch. Over the years, humans have begun to understand that the oceans, thought to be unendingly vast and rich, are in fact highly delicate. Many scientists say most fish populations could be restored with forceful management and better application of laws governing catches, including establishing catch limits. An increased use of aquaculture (水产业), the farming of seafood, would also help. And in many regions, there is reason for hope. 1．What do we know about “fishing down”? A．It makes a lot of profit. B．It causes extreme climate change. C．It makes coral reefs more sensitive. D．It increases bycatch to balance the sea’s ecosystem. 2．How does overfishing harm species like dolphins and sharks? A．Accidental capture as bycatch. B．Competition with herbivores for food. C．Direct hunting for commercial purpose. D．destruction of their living environment. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．There are solutions and hope for recovery. B．The damage caused by overfishing affects our life. C．People’s awareness of ocean protection needs raising. D．Governments have taken forceful measures to manage overfishing. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Who to Blame? B．Where to Catch? C．Why the Overfishing? D．What disaster? Passage 5 （2025高一下·湖南·期末）Social comparison is a normal behavior strategy where we seek to better understand our status relating to ability, opinion, emotional reaction, and more, by comparing ourselves to other people. Social comparison can be useful because it provides us with a way to determine if we are on track. However, it can also be extremely harmful and result in negative thoughts and behaviors. If we compare our behavior to an unrealistic role model, subsequently we may develop low self-respect. Social media platforms are good examples of modern-day opportunities for social comparison. We can browse our friends’ photographs, read updates about their lives, and learn about big and special events on them, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Social media posts, however, are unavoidable. So we are often engaging in upward social comparisons. There is some evidence that increased use of social media is associated with more negative feelings. One explanation is that we engage in more upward social comparisons on social media than we would in real life, which results in feelings of self-denial and envy. Some evidence exists that the use of social media results in lower self-respect. That is to say, the use leads to depression. The relationship between upward social comparison on social media and depression is complicated. The presence of optimism further mediates (调解) this relationship. For participants with low optimism, the negative effects of upward social comparison were more obvious. Participants with high optimism experienced a weaker relationship between using social media and depression. Optimism freed them from the harmful effects of upward social comparison on social media. 1．What is the primary purpose of social comparison? A．To imitate unrealistic role models. B．To increase social media engagement. C．To develop feelings of self-denial and envy. D．To evaluate a person’s status in ability, opinion or emotions. 2．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning social media platforms in paragraph 2? A．The importance of social comparison. B．The danger in overusing social media. C．The complication of social media posts. D．The benefits of accessing social media sites. 3．According to the text, why is social comparison sometimes harmful? A．It may low social status. B．It may lead to low self-respect. C．It may create unrealistic behaviors. D．It may reduce time spent on social media. 4．What did researchers find about participants with high optimism? A．They took an active part in social activities with friends. B．They experienced weaker negative effects from social media. C．They showed stronger links between social media and depression. D．They engaged in more upward social comparison on social media. Passage 6 （2025高一下·湖南怀化·期末）When Yuan Longping was young, he witnessed the rough reality of farmers frequently suffering from poor harvests and even facing severe food shortages. Driven by a strong sense of responsibility to address this pressing issue, he made the decision to study agriculture and received his education at Southwest Agricultural College. After graduation in 1953, Yuan took on the role of a teacher at Anjiang Agricultural School. He realized merely expanding the area of farmland was not the answer to increasing food production. Instead, the key lay in improving the output of the existing farmland. The question of how to achieve this was a hard challenge at the time. Yuan firmly believed that hybrid rice held the key to solving this problem. A hybrid is the result of crossing two or more varieties of a species, and one of its notable characteristics is that it often has higher production than traditional crops. But the idea of developing a hybrid of self-pollinating (自我传粉) plants like rice was highly debatable. The common belief then was that it was an impossible task. Nevertheless, Yuan was fearless. Through his firm determination and painstaking efforts, he overcame a series of technical difficulties and successfully developed the first hybrid rice that could be used for large-scale farming. This achievement was a turning point, as it not only solved the food problem in China but also brought hope to people around the world suffering from hunger, enabling farmers to significantly increase their rice output. Today, it is estimated that approximately 60 percent of the rice consumed in China comes from Yuan’s hybrid rice. His innovation has not only ensured food security in China but also has a far-reaching impact globally. Many countries, such as India and Vietnam, which rely heavily on rice as main food, have also benefited from his hybrid rice technology. Yuan Longping’s story shows us the power of perseverance, which serves as an inspiration for people throughout the world. 1．What was Yuan Longping’s key solution to increasing food production? A．Developing hybrid rice. B．Importing rice from other countries. C．Expanding farmland area. D．Teaching better farming techniques. 2．What can be concluded about the development of hybrid rice? A．It’s an easy task to develop the rice. B．It’s widely accepted from the start. C．It requires great determination and efforts. D．It has an impact on food production only in China. 3．Which words can best describe Yuan Longping according to the passage? A．Ambitious and honest. B．Sociable and brave. C．Determined and selfless. D．Cautious and energetic. 4．What does this passage convey? A．Practice makes perfect. B．It’s never too old to learn. C．He who laughs last laughs best. D．Where there is a will, there is a way. Passage 7 （2025高一下·湖南怀化·期末）Almost everything we do with, or simply near to, a connected device produces some small bit of information — about who we are, about the device we’re using and the other devices nearby, about what we did and when and how and for how long. Sometimes doing nothing at all — merely staying on a webpage — is recorded as a relevant piece of information. Our data are everywhere because our data are useful, mostly to make people money. When someone opens up their phone’s browser and clicks on a link, a whole hidden economy kicks into action. You browse a website for free, if you allow us to track your data and target you with personalized ads. If you don’t, you quit. There’s a common way to understand Internet business models: “If you’re getting it for free, you are the product.” What that means in practice is that websites give away their content for free and in return you feed them with your personal data. Network trackers get their information and feed it to different marketers and companies, which combine it with information gathered from other people and other sites and use it to classify us into “interest types”. The more data are gathered, the easier it is to predict who we are, what we like, where we live, whom we might vote for, how much money we might have, and what we might like to buy with it. Once collected, our information ricochets around a complex ad-tech ecosystem — springing rapidly between computers, automated processes, and ad companies like a pinball (弹球游戏) in a machine made up of thousands of companies that offer to analyze it and deliver highly targeted ads based on it. Clicking “Agree” on an app’s terms of service might mean, in the eyes of an exploitative (剥削性强的)— company, that the app will not only take the information you’re giving up but will sell it to, or share it with, other companies. The only certainty is that once our information is out there, we’re not getting it back. 1．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．Preventing data tracking limits online access. B．Users have full control over their personal data. C．Inactive visits produce useless information. D．Data tracking aims to provide free services. 2．Why do websites give away their content for free according to the passage? A．To promote the Internet. B．To collect users personal data. C．To help users save money. D．To provide better service to users. 3．What does the underlined word “ricochets” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Leaves slowly. B．Moves quickly and unpredictably. C．Hides securely. D．Disappears suddenly and completely. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards data collection? A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. Passage 8 （2025高一下·湖南郴州·期末）An accurate diagnosis of ADHD (多动症) is really important for people who have it. It helps them understand their condition and get the right support. But the current ways of diagnosing ADHD take a lot of time and aren’t always accurate. A new study suggests AI could help. Researchers in South Korea trained machine learning models to connect characteristics in photos of the fundus (眼底) at the back of the eye to a professional diagnosis of ADHD．Among the four machine learning models they tested, the best achieved a 96.9 percent score for predicting ADHD accurately, based on image analysis alone. The team discovered that higher blood vessel (血管) density, the shape and width of the vessels, and some changes in the eye’s optic disc were key signs of ADHD．For many years, people have thought that the changes in brain connectivity related to ADHD might also show up in our eyes. If we can figure out what exactly to look for, it could mean we have a faster and more reliable way to detect the disorder. The researchers tested this method on 323 children and teenagers with ADHD and another 323 without ADHD．The second group had the same age and sex as the first one. They found the AI system did very well in predicting ADHD and spotting some of its features. like problems with visual selective attention. Next, the researchers plan to test this method on more people of different ages.The average age of participants in this study was 9.5 years, and we know ADHD in adults can present quite differently. Also, they need to make the system better at telling the difference between ADHD and autism (自闭症). Since about 1 in 20 people has ADHD, a quicker and more accurate diagnosis can really make a difference to their lives. “Early screening and timely intervention can improve social, familial, and academic functioning in individuals with ADHD,” write the researchers. 1．What is the main problem with current ADHD diagnosis? A．Expensive and unetable. B．Dependable and available. C．Inaccessible and incorrect. D．Time-consuming and inaccurate. 2．What did the South Korean researchers do in the study? A．They developed a new drug for treating ADHD． B．They treated 323 children and teenagers with ADHD． C．They trained machine learning models to predict ADHD． D．They studied the relationship between autism and ADHD． 3．How did researchers test the AI system? A．By predicting the features. B．By using a matched control group. C．By referring to previous studies. D．By testing 600 children in total. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The intention of applying the AI system to more people. B．The significant impact of age differences on ADHD symptoms. C．The necessity of expanding AI-based ADHD diagnosis research. D．The importance of early social support for children with ADHD． Passage 9 （2025高一下·湖南郴州·期末）It is rare that the CEO praises the virtues of sleeping late. According to one study, two-thirds of the CEOs of large American companies are up by 6 o’ clock, while for average Americans, the share is less than one third. For future corporate leaders, the message seems clear: you snooze (打盹), you lose. Mike has no such ambitions. But he’s tried with early starts, and finds they bring the sense of satisfaction that comes from arriving before your editor — mailbox can be cleared and problems solved before the flood of meetings, leaving you feeling well prepared for the day ahead. Early birds are certainly thought highly of. Rolling into the office late is unacceptable in most companies. A study published in 2020 found night owls (猫头鹰) were regarded as being “lazy” and “immature”. However, rising early is not all upside. Those prepared to receive work when the boss arrives may be assigned more of it. Urgent tasks often come up during the day, meaning early arrivals may end up working just as late as other colleagues. Waking before sunrise also risks making you a bore. Some early risers can’t help describing how much they got done while night owls hit the snooze button. Others go home early rather than socialize. Night owls, by contrast, let loose. In the eyes of many,late nights are the preserve of youth, while early mornings are viewed as for the elderly. If you’d like to change your body clock, it is possible to end in disappointment, as it is largely determined by genes. Perhaps the best advice is to stop worrying about your body clock. Most people are neither early birds nor night owls, but in between, struggling both in the morning and late evening. That is why most offices operate between 9 and 5 and why they ought to have break rooms. 1．What advantage does Mike find in early starts? A．Getting ready for the work. B．Enhancing creative thinking. C．Reducing workload pressure. D．Improving social relationships. 2．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Night owls feel more stressed. B．Rising early is altogether beneficial. C．Rising early probably means getting more work. D．One arriving early can end up in working earlier. 3．What does the underlined words “hit the snooze button” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Let out a yawn. B．Sleep a little longer. C．Turn off the alarm. D．Get up to make breakfast. 4．What is the author’s final advice regarding the body clock? A．Accept their genetic determination. B．Prioritize nighttime productivity. C．Adjust it through consistent habits. D．Balance work with regular breaks. Passage 10 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）What if we could obtain the memory, learning and perception benefits of “power naps” without actually sleeping? A recent study in Science suggests that at least some of our primate cousins can. Researchers showed that brief naps (without rapid eye movement, or REM, sleep) improved monkeys’ performance on a visual- perception task. The scientists then mimicked (模仿) this effect by electrically stimulating the brains of awake monkeys-creating an “artificial nap” The team first trained five monkeys to evaluate image directions and tested them twice, with a 30-minute gap in which they either had non-REM sleep or merely rested. Monkeys that slept performed significantly better on the second test. The researchers recorded thousands of neurons’ activity in related brain regions: two visual areas and one associated with decision- making. They found in the monkeys that slept, this activity was, oddly, less synchronized (同步) during the second task than the first. “Sleep is a synchronizing phenomenon in which neurons go up and down together, but the level of synchrony after sleep is reduced compared with before,” says the study s senior author, Valentin Dragoi. “This is surprising.” This reduced synchrony correlated with performance increases, suggesting that neurons firing more independently may drive the improvement. Low-frequency “delta” brain waves are known to be involved in memory maintenance. These waves dominated the monkeys’ sleeping brain activity, and the team wondered whether they were behind the performance boost. To test it, the researchers conducted the experiment again-but instead of letting the monkeys sleep, they stimulated a visual brain region using a low-frequency electrical signal that mimicked delta waves. This stimulation also led to both reduced neural synchrony and better performance. These findings imply that brain stimulation could deliver some of the benefits of naps without sleep. The results strongly suggest “artificial nap” effects will translate to humans, says Sara Mednick, a neuroscientist who studies the relation between napping and performance. The researchers placed brain electrodes monkey for stimulation, but they plan to test comparatively mild techniques in people with sleep disorders and study other senses, cognitive functions and brain regions. “Are different areas most effective for particular tasks? No one knows.” Dragoi adds. 1．Why does the author raise the question in the beginning? A．To ask for an answer. B．To make a prediction. C．To introduce the topic. D．To clarify the definition. 2．What surprised the researchers in the image directions tests? A．The monkeys fell into REM sleep too quickly. B．The monkeys that merely rested performed better. C．Decision-making regions became completely inactive. D．Neural synchrony was reduced while performance rose. 3．Why did the researchers conduct the experiment again in paragraph 5? A．To confirm the findings of the earlier experiments. B．To prove influence of delta brain waves on sleeping. C．To stimulate the performance of a visual brain region. D．To figure out the cause behind the improved performance. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Artificial Naps: A Way to Boost Brain Function B．Electrical Stimulation: A Cure for Sleep Disorders C．Monkey Naps: Revealing the Hidden Power of Rest D．Delta Brain Waves: Unlocking the Cognitive Power of Sleep Passage 11 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）When people think about surfing, they imagine a young person riding the waves standing on a surfboard. Another special form of surfing, which is easier on your knees, is bodyboarding where the surfer rides a specially designed bodyboard lying on the stomach. This sport is gaining popularity because of its appeal (吸引力) to people of all ages. As people age, it’s common to lose confidence and develop a sharp sense of fear when beginning physical activities, especially those like surfing. Some surfing programs aim to fight these concerns by providing expert guidance and developing a sense of social connection while offering health benefits to seniors. But they’re about more than just exercise. There’s a social function that is particularly important to seniors. It’s really important to get older people in the water and get them active. A group of women in Western Australia take to the surf every week. These women who are called Granny Grommets have been riding waves in Albany for 25 years. The group began when founder Kim Buttfield was teaching a mom and daughter to surf, and some older women approached her and curiously asked, “What about us?” Buttfield decided to teach these women bodyboarding because it is easier on aging knees than standing on a surfboard. She said that there are only two requirements for joining: a positive attitude and members that have to be at least 50 years old. There are now more than 100 women in the group including Glenn Scott who became a member when she was 80. “All you need for a Granny Grommet is a bodyboard and a laugh across your face,” Scott said. Granny Grommets have inspired other senior surfing groups around Australia and even have gone global. There are groups in South Africa and even as far north as France. This shows that all you need is surf, a board, and determination to ride the waves at any age. 1．What makes bodyboarding special? A．Its speed of surfing. B．Its competition rules. C．The ages of the participants. D．The position on the skateboard. 2．What do the surfing programs mentioned in paragraph 2 aim to do? A．Offer expert guidance to professional surfers. B．Tell the youth about health benefits of surfing. C．Help older people overcome fears and keep active. D．Encourage social connections among young surfers. 3．What could we infer about the older women from the question “What about us?”? A．They disliked surfing. B．They desired to learn surfing. C．They were fearful of surfing. D．They were experienced in surfing. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Being a Popular Surfer B．Getting the Elderly into the Surf C．Joining in Women’s Surfing Programs D．Pushing Seniors to Attend a Global Surfing Event Passage 12 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）From a young age, Alex was fascinated by the symphony of sounds around him. The gentle sound of wind, the quiet whisper of rain, and the soft flowing of a stream. This early fascination drove him to choose acoustics (声学) as his major in university, where he studied in-depth into the science of sound. During his outdoor work, Alex was faced with the severe reality of noise pollution from cars and urban construction. Traditional noise-reduction methods, like thick insulation (隔离) and simple barriers, seemed ineffective against this difficult and ever-present problem. Driven by a desire for change, Alex was determined to develop a creative solution. In his lab, Alex did lots of experiments. He carefully examined the loudness and types of different urban noises. With the help of good equipment, he tested many sound patterns. After many attempts, he discovered a way to break up the noisy sounds. Alex then designed a network of smart speakers. These devices were equipped with highly sensitive microphones that could detect the slightest noise variations. The speakers were programmed to produce counter-sound waves. When these counter-sound waves met the original noise waves, they co-related in a way that canceled out the noise. The carrying out of Alex’s system faced several challenges, such as tech issues and setting-up problems, but Alex and his team persevered. Their efforts paid off when they set up the system on a particularly busy downtown street. The transformation was remarkable — the once-deafening noise was reduced by 70%. Encouraged by this success, the system was soon rolled out across other noisy areas of the city. Alex named his creation “Acoustic Harmony”, a proof of his vision of a more peaceful urban environment. 1．What inspired Alex to study acoustics? A．His fascination in symphony. B．His love for the sounds of nature. C．His passion for the science of sound. D．His worry about the noise pollution. 2．What problem did traditional noise-reduction methods have? A．They were too expensive to use. B．They were difficult to set up outdoors. C．They caused new environmental problems. D．They couldn’t solve the problem effectively. 3．What does the underlined word “counter-sound” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Sounds that fight against noise. B．Sounds that copy noise. C．Sounds that make noise louder. D．Sounds that record noise. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards Alex’s “Acoustic Harmony” invention? A．Doubtful. B．Uninterested. C．Admiring. D．Critical. Passage 13 （2025高一下·湖南·期末）A Cross-Cultural Bridge Built by Social Media In January 2025, the U. S. government banned TikTok over national security concerns. Unexpectedly, this move led thousands of American users to Xiaohongshu (also known as Red Note), a Chinese lifestyle app. This cultural shift has created heartwarming connections between young people in the U. S. and China, proving that shared interests can transcend language barriers. One popular trend on Xiaohongshu involves American users attempting Chinese recipes. For example, Leah Saifi, a New York influencer, posted a video of her making jiggly Chinese steamed eggs, inspired by a well-known Chinese tutorial. Her video received over 160, 000 likes and encouraging comments from Chinese users who suggested adding ingredients like ham or vegetables. Similarly, a Canadian couple’s attempt at the dish quickly gained 70, 000 likes, with Chinese users joking, “Foreigners made steamed eggs better than me! ” Another trend is about Li Hua, a fictional character from China’s national college entrance exam (gaokao). For years, Chinese students wrote letters as Li Hua to imaginary foreign friends. Now, real foreign users on Xiaohongshu are replying. American user Douglas posted, “Dear Li Hua, I’m sorry I didn’t get your letters... Now I’m here to reply. ” Sarah Dale from Mississippi expressed gratitude for a world where “every Li Hua’s letter is returned with love. ” These interactions highlight Xiaohongshu’s role in breaking stereotypes (刻板印象). Tsinghua University professor Shi Anbin noted, “The app offers unique experiences not found on Western platforms, helping global users understand China’s tech-savvy youth.” Despite efforts by some governments to hide China’s reality, ordinary people are building bonds through shared humanity. As Sarah Thrush from the U. S. wrote, “Love and friendship transcend distance. ” 1．What does the underlined word “transcend” in the text mean? A．Increase B．Change C．Overcome D．Reduce 2．Why did American users start using Xiaohongshu? A．They wanted to learn Chinese cooking. B．TikTok was banned in the U. S. C．Xiaohongshu is more popular than TikTok. D．They needed a platform to reply to Li Hua. 3．The example of Li Hua shows that foreign users on Xiaohongshu ________. A．are familiar with Chinese education systems B．are helping Chinese students with exams C．are welcoming cultural exchanges creatively D．are better at English than Chinese users 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To criticize the U. S. ban on TikTok. B．To introduce Xiaohongshu’s features to Chinese users. C．To illustrate cross-cultural connections via Xiaohongshu. D．To compare TikTok and Xiaohongshu’s user bases. Passage 14 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）It’s easy to keep your aging brain as quick as it was in college. Use a website full of brain games or download the right apps, and within 20 minutes you’ll be doing your part to sharpen your memory and slow the decline of your mental functions. At least that’s what the companies behind this booming industry would have you believe. But is it true? Concrete proof about the benefits of brain games is hard to come by, experts say, when it comes to measurably improving aspects of mental fitness, like having a good memory. “People would really love to believe they could do something like this and make their brain better, but there’s just no solid evidence,” says Randall W. Engle, a primary investigator at the Attention & Working Memory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology. That’s not to say brain games are without benefits. Experts say these kinds of mental exercises can change your brain. The brain changes with just about everything you do, including mental training exercises. But numerous studies have shown that brain games lack what researchers call “transfer”. In other words, repeating a game over and over again teaches you how to play the game and get better at it but your brain aging won’t necessarily come to a stop. “It’s like, you walk through fresh snow, and you leave a trace. If you walk the same route again, the trace gets deeper and deeper,” says Ursula Staudinger, director of the Butler Columbia Aging Center at Columbia University. The fact that structural changes occur does not imply that in general this brain has become more capable. It has become more capable of doing exactly the tasks it was practicing. 1．What does the writer intend to do in the first paragraph? A．To introduce a new theory. B．To promote a new app. C．To question an idea. D．To correct a mistake. 2．What does Engle think of the functions of brain games? A．Their effects still need proving. B．They have little practical effects. C．They really make some difference. D．They are bound to benefit brain health. 3．The underlined word in paragraph 3 most probably refers to “the ability to ________”. A．stop the brain aging B．keep the brain functioning C．speed up the brain aging D．improve gaming skills 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Games Prevent Brain from Turning Slow B．How to Slow the Decline of Brain Functions C．Stop Brain aging? Games’ Roles Need Proving D．Brain Games A Boost to Your Mental Fitness Passage 15 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Heidi Tai, co-founder of Tangaroa Blue Foundation , an organization committed to beach cleaning , was puzzled when she and her teammates started finding strange tire shaped capsules washed ashore along the Cape York coast, near Australia’s northeastern tip. But Tait eventually connected with Satlink- a Spanish satellite communications company. Satlink’s GPS-enabled buoys (浮标), the ones the beach cleaners Kept finding, help commercial fishers track their nets, lines etc. Tait had a brainwave that would see the buoys not just recycled but reused. For more than a decade, boat crews working farther west, in Australia’s Gulf of Carpentaria, had been telling Tait about how abandoned fishing nets were circling the gulf, hurting sea creatures. These so-called ghost (幽灵) nets had either broken free from commercial fishing boats and gotten lost, or were cut loose by fishers after getting caught on rocks. Weighing a few tonnes each, the nets that boat crews had chanced upon in the gulf were often too big for them to pull out of the water. They’d typically report the finds to the authorities, but by the time anyone with an appropriately equipped boat could head out to get one, the mass of messy rope had often gone from sight. However, once one of the GPS-enabled buoys is attached, it sends its location every few hours to a website, which lets Tangaroa Blue Foundation monitor the nets’ movements and warns the organization of danger. So far, the reused GPS trackers have helped Tangaroa Blue Foundation recover three ghost nets from Australian waters. Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s idea to track ghost nets isn’t entirely new; researchers with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia’s national science agency suggested it a decade ago. Taking the idea on board, the authorities tried using battery-powered trackers to monitor a few ghost nets. Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s approach differs in that its recycled buoys are solar-powered and require less upkeep. 1．What were the tire-shaped capsules originally used for? A．Removing beach waste. B．Recycling vehicle tires. C．Locating fishing equipment. D．Strengthening satellite signals. 2．What does the author intend to do in paragrap2? A．Illustrate a future possibility. B．Describe a technical process. C．Present a practical solution. D．Frame a problem context. 3．How do Tangaroa Blue Foundation’s buoys outperform (胜过) earlier trackers? A．They need less maintenance. B．They monitor broader regions. C．They receive government funding. D．They provide precise tracking data. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Turning Waste into Treasure: A Solution to Ghost Nets B．Fighting Threats: The Hidden Harm of Ghost Nets C．Financing Change: Innovative Ocean Cleanup Plans D．Protecting Seas from Waste: An Activist of Conservation Passage 1 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）Recent research is increasingly revealing the significant and wide-ranging effects of taking part in organized team sports on teenager development, going far beyond just physical fitness. While individual exercise like running certainly improves heart health, involvement in team activities — such as football, basketball, or hockey — specially develops a set of advanced thinking abilities and social-emotional skills. A long-term study showed that teenagers who regularly played team sports performed much better in tasks requiring mental control, especially cognitive flexibility (the ability to switch thinking) and inhibitory control (the ability to resist impulses), compared to those who only did individual workouts or non-sports activities. The changing, unpredictable nature of a team game requires quick decision-making, strategic responses to opponents, and controlling immediate reactions — activities that effectively exercise the brain’s prefrontal cortex.   Moreover, the cooperative structure of team sports acts as a powerful practice field for complex social situations. Players must handle different roles, communicate under pressure, discuss strategies, and deal with both team conflicts and losses. This constant experience in a small “society” develops higher emotional intelligence, including understanding others’ feelings, seeing from different viewpoints, and recovering from group disappointments. The shared pursuit of a common goal also generates potent in-group cohesion and a robust sense of collective identity, which are critical buffers against social alienation and psychological distress during adolescence. Interestingly, the benefits seem to be related to participation level and are partly influenced by coaching quality and team culture. Environments that focus on skill improvement, personal growth, and cooperative learning rather than just winning produce greater gains in psychological well-being and internal motivation, even for players of different abilities. In an age of digital communication and often weakened community connections, the purposeful, physical cooperation required by team sports offers an irreplaceable training space for the mental flexibility and social skills needed today. 1．What is the main point the passage makes about team sports? A．They are better than all other exercises for controlling teenagers’ weight. B．They offer special mental and social benefits that individual exercise doesn’t. C．Their main value is finding and developing top sports talent for a community. D．Science has directly proven that they greatly improve school exam results. 2．According to the study mentioned, what specific area did team sports players improve in? A．Basic physical strength and muscle stamina. B．Mental control abilities like thinking flexibility. C．Basic math calculation speed and correctness. D．Ability to remember facts and skills for a long time. 3．How does the passage say team sports work as a “buffer” for teenagers? A．By ensuring they always win in competitions. B．By offering money for school and future job chances. C．By building strong group unity and a feeling of belonging. D．By cutting down the time needed for schoolwork. 4．What factor does the passage say affects how much psychological benefit team sports provide? A．The price and exclusivity level of the sports equipment used. B．The geographic location and weather conditions for the sport. C．The current popularity and media attention the sport gets. D．The coaching quality and focus on improvement over winning. Passage 2 （2025高一下·湖南永州·期末）Danish recycling artist and climate activist Thomas Dambo is introducing his large troll sculptures (巨魔雕塑) to the United States. Together with 22 troll builders, Dambo has created 10 sculptures that spread from the East Coast to the West Coast. His U.S. tour, titled “Way of the Bird King”, uses thousands of thrown- away palettes (调色板) to create these magical woodland creatures. “It has always been a dream of mine to go on a coast-to-coast road trip, especially since my days as a rapper touring around Denmark in a big bus,” says Dambo. “So, in a way, this feels like my big American breakthrough. My hope is that these sculptures will not only show the beauty of recycled materials but also inspire people to reconnect with nature, and promote a greater sense of environmental responsibility.” Starting in New Jersey and finishing in Washington State, “Way of the Bird King” continues to use recycled materials to tell a story of honoring nature and protecting land and waterways. Along with the installations (雕塑装置), Dambo has also been hosting talks, workshops, and other events to connect with the local community. The Pacific Northwest is particularly represented on the tour, with one sculpture going up in Portland, Oregon, and five others located across West Washington. These Northwest Trolls were organized by the Scan De Foundation, which aims to support relations between Denmark and the United States. The organization connected Dambo with members of the Muckleshoot and Snoqualmie tribes (部落), as his trolls are set on their traditional land. Together, they worked to ensure that these installations would respect Native American traditions. “Dambo brings messages to the world about taking care of our planet and not being wasteful,” Halliday says. “Our tribe shares the same values, so it was a natural cooperation. We need to take care of our Mother Earth.” 1．Why did Thomas Dambo create the 10 sculptures? A．To show his artistic talent. B．To make a profit from art exhibitions. C．To experience a coast-to-coast road trip. D．To raise people’s environmental awareness. 2．What do we know about the “Way of the Bird King” tour? A．It starts in Washington State. B．It uses new materials to create sculptures. C．It only includes the display of installations. D．It aims to respect nature and protect land and waterways. 3．What is John Halliday’s attitude towards the cooperation with Dambo? A．Indifferent. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The process of creating troll sculptures. B．Thomas Dambo’s U.S. tour with troll sculptures. C．The Scan De Foundation’s support for art events. D．Thomas Dambo’s experience as a rapper in Denmark. Passage 3 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）In 2020, scientists claimed to have found a sign of life on Venus (金星):a smelly gas in nature called phosphine that’s made by tiny living things on Earth. The claim was quickly stirring up disagreement. Now, another smelly gas is making waves in the search for alien (外星的) life — now turning to a planet beyond our solar system. Researchers announced on April 16 that they had used data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to discover a gas called dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the atmosphere of a distant planet called K2-18b. On Earth, DMS is mostly made by tiny ocean plants. On other planets, it could be what’s called a biosignature. The University of Cambridge, which hosts several of the researchers involved in the discovery, was quick to promote the finding as the strongest sign of biological activity outside the solar system. Some media agents followed suit to publicize the DMS as a likely sign of life. But scientists not involved in the discovery aren’t as overjoyed. For Clara Sousa-Silva, an astrochemist at Bard College who has weathered the storm of the Venus biosignature debate in 2020, she now watches history repeat itself. “The situation is disappointingly familiar. We did not learn enough from the ‘phosphine on Venus’ event,” she said. Those scientists use JWST to discover gases in K2-18b’s atmosphere by analyzing how starlight changes as it passes through K2-18b’s atmosphere. Each gas leaves unique marks in the light, which appear as squiggly lines on special graphs. They compared these lines to 20different molecules (分子). Sousa-Silva pointed most of the molecules aren’t structurally similar to DMS. National Geographic contacted some experts to find out what to make of this new biosignature claim, Their views are represented: It’s an interesting discovery, perhaps even an important step on the way to discovering life on other planets one day. They stressed on “one day”. 1．Why do the researchers consider DMS as a sign of life? A．It is mostly made up of phosphine. B．It is just as smelly as phosphine on Venus, C．It is mainly produced by living things on Earth. D．It was found on K2-18b which has living things. 2．What is Clara Sousa-Silva’s attitude to the new biosignature claim? A．Excited. B．Appreciative. C．Confused. D．Doubtful. 3．How did scientists identify DMS in K2-18b’s atmosphere? A．By observing ocean plants on K2-18b. B．By directly collecting gas from K2-18b. C．By studying starlight passing through its atmosphere. D．By matching it with 20 molecules of similar structure. 4．What can be inferred from the experts’ views in the last paragraph? A．More evidence is needed to confirm the claim. B．Findings from JWST are rather disappointing. C．They believe that life surely exists on K2-18b. D．They confirm the discovery is a big achievement. Passage 4 （2025高一下·湖南长沙·期末）The idea that the standard human body temperature is about 37℃ was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health — a tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator of whether someone is sick or well. However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn’t, in fact, correct — or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years. Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm(MD). Therefore, a Stanford team, led by ProfessorJulie Parsonnet, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening. For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct datasets from two historical periods. After going through 677,423 temperature measurements, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.6℃ lower than that of those born in the late 19th century, while women born in the same period showed an average decrease of 0.03℃ compared to those born in the 1890s. As to why this is happening, the researchers say that the most likely mechanism is a reduction in the human metabolic rate (代谢率) due to environmental factors. One possibility is that improvements in public health over 200 years have reduced the incidence of inflammations (炎症), which promote metabolism. This, combined with people living more comfortable lives in more stable environments, means that the body doesn’t have to work as hard to stay warm, so the average temperature falls. “The environment that we’re living in has changed. Although we think of human beings as if we have been the same for all of human evolution, we’re not the same. We’re actually changing physiologically,” Parsonnet said. 1．What’s Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich’s achievement? A．He set up standards for human health services. B．He first used body temperature as a health signal. C．He predicted trends in humans’ body temperature. D．He proposed the standard of human body temperature. 2．What do the Stanford team’s temperature measurements show? A．Women have a lower body temperature than men. B．Humans’ body temperature has dropped at a faster rate. C．Men’s body temperature has fallen faster than that of women. D．Environmental temperatures have risen since the late 19th century. 3．Which of the following is thought to cause the decrease in human body temperature? A．The dependence on tools. B．The adaption to climate change. C．The contact with other creatures. D．The improved living conditions. 4．What could be the best title for the text? A．Human body temperature has been dropping B．The standard body temperature for humans C．Metabolism increases body temperature D．Gender difference in body temperature Passage 5 （2025高一下·湖南衡阳·期末）Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated competence across various sectors, but matching human creativity remains hard to achieve. However, companies like StoryFit are using AI in a much novel way. Initially, Monica Landers, founder and CEO of StoryFit, used AI technology to aid publishers in narrowing down their “slush piles (手稿集合)” to a shortlist of promising books. However, StoryFit found the publishing industry’s growth potential insufficient and targeted the film industry instead. Consequently, it has become the force behind several successful films and TV series in recent years. Primarily, StoryFit analyzes a script’s marketability, assessing where a story fits with the audience and how each storytelling element resonates. The film industry is high-risk, with considerable investments required before generating returns. StoryFit provides data on whether those risks are likely to be fruitful. StoryFit’s AI technology checks character traits (特点) to evaluate audience responses, determining how heroic or relatable a main character might be. This information allows creative professionals to identify potential character imbalances. As film lovers, the StoryFit team often applies their technology to beloved TV series. Story Fit analyzes audience connections to the storyline, offering insights into aspects such as the audience’s emotional journey throughout an episode or the impact of a favorite character’s departure. The company also reports on plot inconsistencies, such as characters behaving inconsistently with their established traits or disappearing from the storyline. Nevertheless, Landers emphasizes that their role is to draw insights from the data rather than comment on the script. She stated, “You have people whose whole careers are based on making those decisions. But we can be a technology voice that helps them to shine a light on what’s happening or not happening in the script.” Using AI technology like StoryFit in the film industry demonstrates artificial intelligence’s potential to enhance storytelling. As the technology advances, its impact on the film industry will only grow, paving the way for more engaging and resonant cinematic experiences. 1．What caused StoryFit to shift its focus from publishing to films? A．The financial difficulties. B．The restricted growth prospect. C．The decreasing customer base. D．The insufficient AI competence. 2．What is StoryFit able to do according to Paragraph 3? A．Evaluate scripts’ potential for success. B．Rewrite scripts for a wider audience. C．Identify potential character imbalance. D．Determine the amount of investment. 3．According to Landers, what is Story Fit’s role in script analysis? A．A decision-maker. B．A content developer. C．A marketing specialist. D．A data-driven consultant. 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．The Rise of AI in Creative Industries B．Balancing Creativity and Technology in Film C．StoryFit: Revolutionizing Script Analysis D．StoryFit: Transforming Audience Engagement / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $