学易金卷：高一英语下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用）

**基本信息** 以真实情境与多元主题为载体，融合语言能力与思维品质考查，通过留学生活、AI伦理、太空旅游等素材，实现基础知识与文化意识的协同培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完型填空|10题/15分|词汇辨析、语境理解|以留学生社交困境为情境，考查情感认知与逻辑推理| |语法填空|10题/15分|动词时态、非谓语、介词|结合富兰克林风筝实验等科学史素材，强化语法在真实语料中的应用| |阅读理解|19题/38分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|选材涵盖FIRST志愿者招募、太空旅游争议等，凸显科技前沿与社会议题| |书面表达|2题/32分|信息提取、应用文写作|阅读表达考查批判性思维（如音乐对学习的影响），应用文以书法社团为载体实现文化输出|

2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 I left my home country to pursue a doctor’s degree in the UK. I thought I was supposed to focus only on the 1 . So, when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat, I tended to kindly reply “Maybe next time”. I spent my days mostly alone, 2 in my work. Eventually I found I was fighting increasing 3 till it hit a breaking point. The nights were long and dark. I scrolled social media to pass the time. I even tried “talking” to ChatGPT. But I couldn’t feel better. It was my tutor, Ms. Murphy who finally helped me see my 4 from a new perspective (视角). After I told her how I had been feeling these last months, she 5 ,“Perhaps it is not about finding someone to talk to at night. Maybe it is about talking to more of your colleagues during the day.” Her suggestion made me realize that I had been looking for the answer in the 6 direction. She helped me see that joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind and even 7 my work. I began to chat with friends more and realized we were all dealing with challenges, professionally and personally. I can’t do everything 8 . Instead, I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges. I also need to take some time away from work to enjoy previously 9 parts of life. That is how life should be, enriched and colorful. The nights are still as long as before. However, they are not as 10 , as I have seen the bright light in the day. 1．A．health B．work C．custom D．life 2．A．settled B．hired C．accepted D．buried 3．A．loneliness B．tiredness C．carelessness D．selfishness 4．A．education B．situation C．intention D．emotion 5．A．announced B．continued C．advised D．whispered 6．A．same B．general C．new D．wrong 7．A．contribute to B．result in C．watch over D．set an example for 8．A．creatively B．independently C．gradually D．regularly 9．A．assumed B．selected C．ignored D．judged 10．A．busy B．short C．dark D．silent 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者离开祖国去英国读博，因整日埋头于学业而倍感孤独，为了战胜孤独，作者开始建立自己的交际圈，在与朋友交流的过程中体会到自己应该和朋友合作，而不是独立解决所有困难。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为我应该只专注于工作。A. health健康；B. work工作；C. custom习俗；D. life生活。根据下文“I spent my days mostly alone, ___2___ in my work”可知，作者专注于工作，故选B。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我大部分时间都是一个人，埋头工作。A. settled定居；B. hired雇用；C. accepted接受；D. buried专心于。根据上文“I thought I was supposed to focus only on the ___1___.”中的“focus on”可知，此处指一个人埋头工作，故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，我发现自己一直在与日益增加的孤独感作斗争，直到它达到了极限。A. loneliness孤独；B. tiredness疲惫；C. carelessness粗心；D. selfishness自私。根据上文“I spent my days mostly alone”可知，作者感到孤独，故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是我的导师Murphy女士最终帮助我从一个新的角度看待我的处境。A. education教育；B. situation情况；C. intention意图；D. emotion情感。结合上文“But I couldn’t feel better.”以及空后“from a new perspective (视角)”可知，作者只埋头于工作，孤独无法排解，此处指导师Murphy女士最终帮助作者从一个新的角度看待自己的处境，故选B。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我告诉她我最近几个月的感受之后，她建议说：“也许这不是找个人在晚上说话的问题。也许是在白天和更多的同事交谈。”A. announced宣布；B. continued继续；C. advised建议；D. whispered耳语。根据下文“Her suggestion”可知，导师给作者提建议，故选C。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的建议使我意识到我一直在错误的方向寻找答案。A. same相同的；B. general一般的；C. new新的；D. wrong错误的。上文“So, when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat, I tended to kindly reply “Maybe next time”. I spent my days mostly alone(因此，当同事邀请我和他们一起喝咖啡聊天时，我往往会友好地回答：‘也许下次吧’。我大部分时间都是独自度过的)”提到作者不和周围人社交，根据下文“She helped me see that joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind”可知，导师帮助作者认识到，加入周围的人会改善精神状态，故作者之前一直在错误的方向寻找答案，故选D。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她帮助我认识到，加入我周围的人会改善我的精神状态，甚至有助于我的工作。A. contribute to有助于，促进；B. result in导致；C. watch over照看；D. set an example for为……树立榜样。空处和“improve my state of mind”并列，是说明好处，even表示递进关系，故此处指加入周围的人会改善精神状态，甚至有助于工作，故选A。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不能独立做每件事。A. creatively创造性地；B. independently独立地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. regularly有规律地。根据下文“Instead, I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges.(相反，我应该与朋友合作，为共同的目标和挑战而努力)”可知，不能独立做每件事情，故选B。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也需要从工作中抽出一些时间来享受以前被忽视的生活。A. assumed假设；B. selected选择；C. ignored忽视；D. judged评价。根据上文“So, when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat, I tended to kindly reply “Maybe next time”.(因此，当同事邀请我和他们一起喝咖啡聊天时，我往往会友好地回答：‘也许下次吧’)”可知，以前作者会拒绝同事的邀请，即忽视工作以外的社交生活，故此处指需要从工作中抽出一些时间来享受以前被忽视的生活，故选C。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，它们并不像以前那样黑暗，因为我在白天看到过明亮的光。A. busy忙碌的；B. short短的；C. dark黑暗的；D. silent沉默的，寂静的。此处呼应首段中“The nights were long and dark.”，结合空后“as I have seen the bright light in the day”可知，作者见过白天明亮的光，故夜晚不像以前那么黑暗了，故选C。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Agony Aunt gave Ben some suggestions about 11 (solve) the trouble with his basketball teammates. She first quoted an old American saying “Loose lips sink ships,” explaining careless words could cause harm. She also 12 (advise) Ben to apologize to his teammate and discuss trust issues with his friend. Additionally, Ben should reflect on his reaction and consult the coach to improve teamwork. The key lesson for him was to avoid speaking 13 (angry) and address problems calmly through proper channels. 【答案】11．solving 12．advised 13．angrily 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了知心阿姨针对本与篮球队队友间的麻烦事给出的建议。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：知心阿姨给本一些关于解决他和篮球队队友间麻烦的建议。about为介词，后接动名词作宾语，solve的动名词形式为solving，故填solving。 12．考查动词时态。句意：她还建议本向他的队友道歉，并和他的朋友讨论信任问题。根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，advise的过去式为advised，故填advised。 13．考查副词。句意：对他来说关键的一课是避免愤怒地说话，通过适当的渠道冷静地解决问题。此处修饰动词speaking，应用副词形式，angry的副词为angrily，意为“愤怒地”，故填angrily。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Shocked by Africa’s water crisis, Canadian schoolboy Ryan decided to offer some help. He raised funds by doing chores like window-cleaning and gardening, and finally got enough money 14 the help of people around him. Later he visited Uganda, where he saw a completed well and some grateful students. This success motivated him 15 (establish) a foundation to help more communities access clean water. And many people were inspired, giving him their donation. Up to now, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa 16 (aid) by the foundation. 【答案】14．with 15．to establish 16．have been aided 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加拿大男学生瑞安被非洲的水危机震惊后，决定提供帮助，通过筹集资金建立基金会，为非洲多个国家的社区提供清洁用水的故事。 14．考查介词。句意：他通过做家务，如擦窗户和园艺来筹集资金，最后在他周围人的帮助下得到了足够的钱。with the help of是固定短语，意为“在……的帮助下”。故填with。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：这次成功激励他建立了一个基金会，帮助更多的社区获得清洁用水。motivate sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“激励某人做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to establish。 16．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，该基金会已经援助了非洲16个国家的80多万人。aid(援助)是谓语动词，与主语“over 800,000 people”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Up to now”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been aided。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Some scientific experiments are contributing to later scientific 17 (discovery) and inventions. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin conducted a famous experiment to test 18 lightning was really produced by electricity. During a storm, he flew a kite with a metal key 19 (attach) by a string. When lightning struck the kite, electricity traveled through the string to the key. Touching it, Franklin received an electric shock, 20 proved lightning’s electrical nature. 【答案】17．discoveries 18．whether/if 19．attached 20．which 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了本杰明·富兰克林在1752年进行的一项著名科学实验——通过放风筝的实验验证了闪电是由电产生的这一性质。 17．考查名词复数。句意：一些科学实验为后来的科学发现和发明做出了贡献。and连接并列成分，inventions为复数形式，discovery“发现”是可数名词，此处也应用复数形式discoveries作宾语，故填discoveries。 18．考查宾语从句。句意：1752年，本杰明·富兰克林进行了一项著名的实验，以测试闪电是否真的是由电产生的。 “____2____ lightning was really produced by electricity”作test的宾语，是宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，根据语境，此处表示“是否”，所以用whether或if引导，故填whether/if。 19．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一场暴风雨中，他放了一只系着金属钥匙的风筝。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词flew，此处应用非谓语动词，a metal key与attach之间是被动关系，即“金属钥匙被系着”，所以用过去分词attached作后置定语，故填attached。 20．考查定语从句。句意：富兰克林触摸钥匙时受到了电击，这证明了闪电的电性质。 “____4____ proved lightning’s electrical nature”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子“Touching it, Franklin received an electric shock”，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导，故填which。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A FIRST(For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) is a global nonprofit organization that prepares young people for the future through team-based robotics programs for ages 4-18. FIRST hosts thousands of events around the globe annually. These events are made possible through the support of event volunteers who work along with others who really like the task of FIRST to run seasonal events at the local, regional, and even international levels. Event volunteers can be: ●FIRST graduates ●Non-profit organization staff supporting or participating in robotics programs ●Parents of robotics program students ●Teachers/Professors teaching or organizing science projects ●Experts in related fields(e.g., engineers, programmers) ●Employees of Tech companies ●Undergraduates and teachers in colleges As an event volunteer you will: ●Become responsible members of the global community who recognize that your collective skills can create meaningful changes in someone’s life, in the community, and even in the world. ●Join a community of like-minded individuals that support FIRST programs. ●Receive general FIRST training and training for your volunteer role. ●Gain valuable skills in certain fields that may be good for your future jobs. ●Have a chance to get training records of volunteerism. No matter what level you want to be involved in, there is a role for you, from safety workers to judges, and hosts to officials. Some roles require a little time with quick preparations on the day. Other roles require pre-event training and longer participation on event days. Technical and non-technical event volunteer roles are ready to support FIRST programs. How to sign up: First you should create an account in the FIRST website: sign-up is in the top right corner of this page or by clicking the “Start Volunteer Registration” button below. Then click the Volunteer Registration tab & choose “Volunteer at an Event”. You can search events by location and choose up to five roles. You must enter your e-mail: This email will be used to receive the result and get your password if you forget it. Before receiving an email to check your volunteer role, you should fill in a youth protection background survey. 21．Who is likely to become a FIRST event volunteer? A．FIRST participants. B．Science teachers. C．Government staff. D．Experts in business. 22．What will FIRST event volunteers receive from their work? A．Certain job offers in related fields. B．Small gifts for their time and effort. C．Basic training and role-specific preparation. D．Chances to meet individuals of various interests. 23．What do applicants need to do during the sign-up? A．Complete a background check. B．Check the result on the website. C．Create a new email account. D．Search for events by time. 【答案】21．B 22．C 23．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了FIRST是全球非营利组织，通过机器人项目培养青少年，其活动需志愿者，介绍了志愿者类型、收获、角色及注册流程，鼓励人们参与。 21．细节理解题。根据Event volunteers can be部分“●Teachers/Professors teaching or organizing science projects(教授或组织科学项目的教师)”可知，科学教师有可能成为“FIRST”活动的志愿者。故选B。 22．细节理解题。根据As an event volunteer you will部分“●Receive general FIRST training and training for your volunteer role.(获得FIRST的基础培训和针对具体角色的培训)”可知，参加活动的志愿者在工作中会得到基础培训以及针对具体岗位的准备指导。故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Before receiving an email to check your volunteer role, you should fill in a youth protection background survey.(在收到确认你志愿者角色的邮件之前，你需要填写一份青少年保护背景调查)”可知，申请人在注册时需要完成背景调查。故选A。 B Growing up, interest and enjoyment in learning were not important to my parents, and therefore not to me; only good grades mattered. I chose chemistry because it seemed like a path to varied possible professional futures. Learning chemistry wasn’t boring, but I did not love my subject. When deciding what to do after finishing my undergraduate degree, I was largely driven by a desire for financial (财务的) independence. While exploring the job market, I found most asked for a master’s. I was offered a spot in a graduate program and decided to do it. It came with the opportunity to continue to a Ph.D．, but I never saw a Ph.D．as my likely direction. However, in my second year, during a lab project, my doubts about a Ph.D．began to give way. I spent a lot of time in the lab and never felt bored. I even started to prefer experiments over classes. Working in the lab seemed much more satisfying than scoring well on exams. I began to wonder: was there a place in academia for someone like me, without an inborn passion for science? As my master’s was drawing to a close, I became restless. My scores positioned me well for hiring — a valuable opportunity I didn’t want to miss. Everyone advised against a Ph.D．, arguing for better pay and easier work outside academia. But my interest in research kept growing, and I didn’t want to live with “what if?”. I backed out and chose the Ph.D．. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right to start each day in the lab, learning something new. My career choice gives me confidence to follow my own direction instead of others’ expectations. Having started my career as an “unwilling” chemist, I am yet to announce my love for what I do. But I try to solve problems for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than other chemists, and no less worthy of a space in science. 24．What led the author to pick chemistry as a field of study? A．Strong performance in exams. B．Desire for broad career possibilities. C．Passion for hands- on research. D．Determination for a place in academia. 25．What was the author unsure about as his master’s program approached completion? A．How to balance research with financial independence. B．Whether to focus on lab work or academic achievements. C．How to balance a love for experiments with the dream to be a Ph. D．Whether to follow his academic interest or accept a well-paying job. 26．Why does the author describe himself as an “unwilling” chemist? A．He hates to be a chemist. B．He suffers from learning chemistry. C．He didn’t choose chemistry out of pure love. D．He became a chemist by following others’ advice. 27．What can we learn from this passage? A．Fortune favors the patient. B．Passion can grow with experience. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Self-belief turns hesitation into strength. 【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 27．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因追求成绩和经济独立学化学，硕士时发现对实验的兴趣，不顾反对攻读博士，遵从内心选择。 24．细节理解题。根据第一段“I chose chemistry because it seemed like a path to varied possible professional futures. (我选择学习化学，是因为它看起来像是通向多种可能职业道路的途径。)”可知，促使作者选择化学作为研究领域的原因是对广阔职业前景的渴望。故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“My scores positioned me well for hiring — a valuable opportunity I didn’t want to miss. Everyone advised against a Ph.D., arguing for better pay and easier work outside academia. But my interest in research kept growing, and I didn’t want to live with “what if?”. (我的成绩使我很有竞争力，从而获得了工作的机会——这是一个我不能错过的宝贵机会。大家都劝我不要攻读博士学位，他们认为那样能获得更高的薪酬，也能在学术界之外找到更轻松的工作。但我对研究的兴趣却与日俱增，我不想一直生活在“如果……会怎样？”的思考之中。)”可知，在攻读硕士学位接近尾声时，作者感到不确定的是是要追随自己的学术兴趣，还是接受一份待遇优厚的工作。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Having started my career as an “unwilling” chemist, I am yet to announce my love for what I do. But I try to solve problems for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than other chemists, and no less worthy of a space in science. (我的职业生涯始于一个“不情愿”的化学家身份，但我尚未表明自己对所从事工作的热爱。但我努力为自己的满足感去解决问题。这使我与其他化学家一样有能力，也一样配得上在科学领域的一席之地。)”可知，作者称自己为“不情愿”的化学家是因为他并非出于纯粹的喜爱而选择化学这门学科。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There are ups and downs, but it just feels right to start each day in the lab, learning something new. My career choice gives me confidence to follow my own direction instead of others’ expectations. (有起有落，但每天在实验室里开始工作，学习新知识，感觉就是那么对。我的职业选择让我有信心按照自己的方向前进，而不是遵循他人的期望。)”以及文章主要讲述了作者因追求成绩和经济独立学化学，硕士时发现对实验的兴趣，不顾反对攻读博士，遵从内心选择。可知，文章告诉我们激情会随着经验的积累而增强。故选B。 C In recent years, interest in space tourism has grown rapidly. Once a concept limited to science fiction, space travel for private individuals is now becoming a reality. Companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are developing commercial spaceflight programs, promising a future where ordinary people can experience life beyond Earth. Wealthy adventurers, celebrities, and even a few researchers have already taken part in these early missions, drawing global attention. However, space tourism raises important questions. Critic argue that it remains an activity for the wealthy, as ticket prices are extremely high. A single trip can cost hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars, making space tourism accessible only to a select few. Others worry about the environmental impact. Rocket launches release large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. Some scientists fear that an increase in spaceflights could worsen these issues if not properly regulated. Supporters, on the other hand, believe that space tourism has benefits. It drives innovation in aerospace technology, leading to advancements that could make space travel more affordable in the future. Additionally, some believe that seeing Earth from space — often called the “overview effect” — gives travelers a deeper appreciation for the planet and inspires greater environmental responsibility. Documentaries and interviews with early space tourists suggest this emotional shift is genuine and long-lasting. Despite the excitement, space tourism remains in its early stages. While a few commercial flights have successfully taken private passengers to the edge of space, long-term sustainability is still uncertain. The cost must decrease significantly for space travel to become widely accessible. Scientists also emphasize the need for better safety measures, as spaceflight remains a high-risk activity. Some experts compare space tourism to the early days of aviation. A century ago, air travel was expensive and rare, but today, millions of people fly every day. Could the same happen with space travel? Many in the industry believe so, but it may take decades before space tourism becomes a regular part of human life. For now, space tourism remains a thrilling yet controversial topic. While the idea of ordinary people traveling to space is inspiring, questions about cost, safety, and environmental impact must be addressed before it can truly take off. 28．What is one major concern about space tourism? A．It harms the environment. B．It is illegal in many countries. C．It has replaced scientific space missions. D．It distract s public attention from climate issues. 29．Why do some supporters have a positive view of space tourism? A．It is a safe and affordable industry. B．It helps reduce global carbon emissions. C．It could encourage better treatment of Earth. D．It provides a solution to overcrowding on Earth. 30．What does the underlined phrase “overview effect” most likely refer to? A．A feeling of being lost in space. B．A dangerous effect of space travel. C．An ability to see beyond the Earth’s atmosphere. D．A change in perspective after viewing Earth from space. 31．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Why Space Tourism Will Fail. B．Is Space Travel worth the Cost? C．How Governments Control Space Travel. D．Space Tourism: The Next Step for Humanity? 【答案】28．A 29．C 30．D 31．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍太空旅游的发展现状、引发的争议及未来可能性。 【详解】28．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Others worry about the environmental impact. Rocket launches release large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.(另一些人则担心其对环境的影响。火箭发射向大气中释放大量二氧化碳和其他污染物，加剧了气候变化)”可知，太空旅游的一个主要担忧是它会危害环境。故选A项。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Additionally, some believe that seeing Earth from space — often called the “overview effect” — gives travelers a deeper appreciation for the planet and inspires greater environmental responsibility.(此外，一些人认为，从太空看地球——通常被称为“概览效应”——让旅行者对地球有更深的欣赏，并激发更强的环境责任感)”可知，支持者对太空旅游持积极态度是因为它可能促使人们更好地对待地球。故选C项。 30．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Additionally, some believe that seeing Earth from space — often called the “overview effect” — gives travelers a deeper appreciation for the planet and inspires greater environmental responsibility.(此外，一些人认为，从太空看地球——通常被称为“概览效应”——让旅行者对地球有更深的欣赏，并激发更强的环境责任感)”可知，破折号之间的内容与该句的内容一致，该句是对“overview effect”的解释，由此可知，“overview effect”指的是从太空俯瞰地球后，人们在观念上发生的转变。故选D项。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了太空旅游从科幻概念变为现实的发展现状，探讨了其引发的成本、环境、安全等争议，也提及了未来普及的可能性，如同航空旅行的发展历程，因此D项“太空旅游：人类的下一步?”最能概括全文主旨，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D项。 D Evan Selinger, professor in RIT’s Department of Philosophy, has taken an interest in the ethics (伦理标准) of AI and the policy gaps that need to be filled in. Through a humanities viewpoint, Selinger asks the questions, “How can AI cause harm, and what can governments and companies creating AI programs do to address and manage it?” Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary approach. “AI ethics go beyond technical fixes. Philosophers and other humanities experts are uniquely skilled to address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value conflicts, and power dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial for addressing current issues. We desperately need them to promote anticipatory (先行的) governance,” said Selinger. One example that illustrates how philosophy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly growing technologies is Selinger’s work collaborating with a special AI project. “One of the skills I bring to the table is identifying core ethical issues in emerging technologies that haven’t been built or used by the public. We can take preventative steps to limit risk, including changing how the technology is designed.” said Selinger. Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn’t a step-by-step approach for good governance. “AI ethics have core values and principles, but there’s endless disagreement about interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accountability mechanisms,” said Selinger. “Some people are rightly worried that AI can become integrated into ‘ethics washing’ — weak checklists, flowery mission statements, and empty rhetoric that covers over abuses of power. Fortunately, I’ve had great conversations about this issue, including with some experts, on why it is important to consider a range of positions.” Some of Selinger’s recent research has focused on the back-end issues with developing AI, such as the human impact that comes with testing AI chatbots before they’re released to the public. Other issues focus on policy, such as what to do about the dangers posed by facial recognition and other automated surveillance (监视) approaches. Selinger is making sure his students are informed about the ongoing industry conversations on AI ethics and responsible AI. “Students are going to be future tech leaders. Now is the time to help them think about what goals their companies should have and the costs of minimizing ethical concerns. Beyond social costs, downplaying ethics can negatively impact corporate culture and hiring,” said Selinger. “To attract top talent, you need to consider whether your company matches their interests and hopes for the future.” 32．Selinger advocates an interdisciplinary approach because . A．it can avoid social conflicts and pressing issues B．AI ethics heavily depends on technological solutions C．it demonstrates the power of anticipatory governance D．humanities experts possess skills essential for AI ethics 33．To promote responsible AI, Selinger believes we should . A．adopt a systematic approach B．apply innovative technologies C．anticipate ethical risks beforehand D．establish accountability mechanisms 34．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．More companies will use AI to attract top talent. B．Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future. C．Selinger favors companies that match his students’ values. D．Selinger is likely to focus on back-end issues such as policy. 【答案】32．D 33．C 34．B 【导语】文章主要说明了RIT哲学系教授Evan Selinger对于对人工智能的伦理的一些看法和建议。 32．细节理解题。根据第三段中Selinger的话“AI ethics go beyond technical fixes. Philosophers and other humanities experts are uniquely skilled to address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value conflicts, and power dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial for addressing current issues. We desperately need them to promote anticipatory (先行的) governance (人工智能伦理问题并非仅靠技术手段就能解决。哲学家及其他人文学科专家拥有独特的技能，能够处理微妙的准则、价值冲突和权力动态。这些技能不仅对于解决当前问题至关重要，我们更迫切地需要它们来推动前瞻性治理)”可知，Selinger倡导跨学科方法是因为哲学家和其他人文学科专家拥有处理AI伦理问题所必需的独特技能。 33．细节理解题。根据第四段中Selinger的话“One of the skills I bring to the table is identifying core ethical issues in emerging technologies that haven’t been built or used by the public. We can take preventative steps to limit risk, including changing how the technology is designed. (我能提供的一项技能是识别新兴技术中尚未被公众构建或使用的核心伦理问题。我们可以采取预防措施来限制风险，包括改变技术的设计方式)”以及第五段中“Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI. (采取这些预防措施并定期重新评估需要应对的风险，是追求创造负责任的AI的持续过程的一部分)”可知，为了促进负责任的AI，Selinger认为我们应该预先预测伦理风险。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Students are going to be future tech leaders. Now is the time to help them think about what goals their companies should have and the costs of minimizing ethical concerns. Beyond social costs, downplaying ethics can negatively impact corporate culture and hiring,” said Selinger. “To attract top talent, you need to consider whether your company matches their interests and hopes for the future.”(Selinger说道：“学生们将成为未来的科技领袖。现在是时候帮助他们思考他们的公司应该有什么样的目标，以及最小化道德问题的成本。除了社会成本之外，轻视道德还会对企业文化和招聘产生负面影响。为了吸引顶尖人才，你需要考虑你的公司是否符合他们的兴趣和对未来的希望。”)”可推知，理解人工智能伦理对学生未来有帮助。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 Education is about learning, enriching our lives and making us better citizens and independent thinkers. 35 But over the last decade and a half, the goal of learning has given way to grades and degrees. This has led to inflation (通货膨胀) in both. Degree inflation means employers require a bachelor’s degree or more for work that really doesn’t need it. Fortunately, hiring managers have begun to learn that, and degree requirements have been declining in many fields. 36 An analysis showed that grades in the Los Angeles have been rising while scores on nationwide standardized exams have been crashing. The gaps between grades and test scores are immense and consistent. Students’ actual mastery of the material declines despite their more credits and higher grades in math. 37 To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with F grade, so grade point averages have consistently risen. Plus, there is huge pressure from students and their parents. In a 2023 survey, educators said roughly half of students requested higher grades than they had earned and that 8 out of 10 teachers gave in, for a third of students and parents bother them when they don’t. Inflated grades damage the college admission process. While colleges used to regard high school grade point averages as the best predictor of higher education success, their predictive value has decreased. 38 Consequently, some students, armed with good grades, march off to college, only to find themselves in remedial classes (补习班) because they haven’t learned enough to take college-level courses. We have to ask ourselves: Do we want education to be about intellectual growth or a performance driven by grade inflation? 39 A．Grade inflation results from multiple factors. B．Its core mission is globally recognized by educators. C．Standardized tests reflect real academic performance effectively. D．Yet grade inflation shows no sign of slowing down in this period. E．After all, education should return to original nurturing of learners. F．A high grade no longer guarantees a student’s academic competence. G．Many teachers are tired of parents’ endless requests for higher grades. 【答案】35．B 36．D 37．A 38．F 39．E 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨了教育领域的分数通胀与学位通胀问题，分析了其成因、危害，并呼吁教育回归培养学习者的本质。 【详解】35．上文“Education is about learning, enriching our lives and making us better citizens and independent thinkers.(教育在于学习，丰富我们的生活，并使我们成为更好的公民和独立思考者。)”明确阐述了教育的核心内涵（学习、丰富生活、培养公民与独立思考者），下文“But over the last decade and a half, the goal of learning has given way to grades and degrees.(但在过去的十五年里，学习的目标逐渐被成绩和学位所取代。)”用“But”转折，指出如今学习目标已让位于分数和学位。B选项“Its core mission is globally recognized by educators.(其核心使命已被教育界广泛认可。)”中的“Its”精准指代前文的 “Education”，“core mission”（核心使命）对应前文对教育价值的定义，先肯定教育使命的普世认可，再转折引出当下的问题，逻辑链条完整。 36．上文“Fortunately, hiring managers have begun to learn that, and degree requirements have been declining in many fields.(幸运的是，招聘经理们已经开始意识到这一点，许多领域的学位要求正在降低。)”说“幸运的是，许多领域的学位要求正在下降”（学位通胀有所缓解），下文“An analysis showed that grades in the Los Angeles have been rising while scores on nationwide standardized exams have been crashing.( 一项分析显示，洛杉矶的学生成绩一直在上升，而全国性的标准化考试成绩却在下降。)”立刻用数据说明“成绩上升但标准化考试分数暴跌”（分数通胀严重）。D选项“Yet grade inflation shows no sign of slowing down in this period.(然而，在此期间，成绩虚高的现象丝毫没有减缓的迹象。)”“Yet”（然而）表示强烈转折，将“学位通胀好转”与“分数通胀加剧” 形成对比，自然过渡到下文对分数通胀的重点讨论。 37．空格位于段首，后文“To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with F grade, so grade point averages have consistently risen. Plus, there is huge pressure from students and their parents.(为了避免打击学生们的积极性，一些学区取消了“F”等级，因此平均学分绩点一直在上升。此外，来自学生和家长的巨大压力也促使这种情况发生。)”分别列举了两个原因：① 部分学区取消 F 等级以避免打击学生；② 学生和家长的巨大压力。A 选项“Grade inflation results from multiple factors.(学生成绩的通胀是由多种因素造成的。)”是典型的总起句，“multiple factors”（多种因素）精准概括了后文的两个分论点，起到了统领全段的作用。 38．上文“While colleges used to regard high school grade point averages as the best predictor of higher education success, their predictive value has decreased. (过去，大学将高中平均学分绩点视为衡量高等教育成功的重要指标，但这种预测作用已经减弱。)”说“高中 GPA 的预测价值已经下降”，下文“Consequently, some students, armed with good grades, march off to college, only to find themselves in remedial classes (补习班) because they haven’t learned enough to take college-level courses.(因此，一些成绩优异的学生进入大学后，却发现由于没有掌握足够的知识，无法修读大学课程，只能参加补习课程。)”说“因此，很多拿着高分的学生进入大学后需要上补习班”。F选项“A high grade no longer guarantees a student’s academic competence.(高分不再能保证学生的学业能力。)”解释了“预测价值下降”的本质原因 —— 高分不再等同于实际学术能力，这正是导致学生进入大学后跟不上课程的直接原因，完美衔接了前后的因果关系。 39．上文“We have to ask ourselves: Do we want education to be about intellectual growth or a performance driven by grade inflation? (我们必须扪心自问：我们希望教育是关于智力的提升，还是仅仅是一种由成绩膨胀所驱动的表现？)”用设问句提出核心问题：“我们想要的是智力成长的教育，还是分数通胀驱动的表演？”E选项“After all, education should return to original nurturing of learners.(最终，教育应当回归到对学生的原初培养上。)”给出了明确的答案和呼吁，“return to original nurturing”（回归最初的培养）呼应了文章开头对教育本质的定义，收束全文，点明主旨。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Most research supports the idea that music’s main benefit for students is the uplift of mood and thus of abilities to concentrate on tasks and study for longer periods of time. What kind of music are we talking about then? Some Drake? Bach? SpongeBob? What’s the magic song? Again, complicated (复杂). You want something that’s going to drop you right into that sweet spot of what is called medium arousal; a playlist that’s too boring might make you sleepy, while a song that’s too exciting might make it harder for you to focus. Songs with 60-70 beats per minute have been suggested to be good for keeping information. Beethoven’s For Elise is an example. Listening to Mozart has also been shown in studies to improve the productivity of its listeners. There’s quite a bit of controversy on the effectiveness of having music on while you study, even music that puts you in the right mood. A study conducted by the University of Wales found that students consistently performed worse on tests when exposed both to music that they liked and music they didn’t like, meaning that listening to music, regardless of how it made the students feel, was found to be just as distracting as a person talking to you while you’re working. That same study also found that along with a completely quiet environment, students also performed best when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature. Another similar study, however, found that while average performance was lower for the music-listening group, the variation in individual scores suggests that the effects of the music vary a lot from person to person, and hence why it’s difficult to definitely say whether music helps or hurts. There seems to be agreement on one thing at least, which is that music with lyrics (歌词) definitely is a no-go. Processing lyrics means there’s no room in the language processing part of your brain to work on other tasks, especially when this involves reading or writing. The brain, actually, doesn’t have the ability to multitask at all. What you think is multitasking is actually just your poor old noodle rapidly switching between everything, but concentrating on nothing. Sad! 40．What kind of songs can be good for keeping information? 41．Why is listening to music with lyrics not helpful for study? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best when they were exposed to music. 43．Apart from the aspects mentioned in the passage, how can listening to music influence you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40．Songs with 60-70 beats per minute. 41．Because processing lyrics means there’s no room in the language processing part of our brain to work on other tasks, especially when this involves reading or writing. 42．此题接受两种答案： ▶The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best (students performed worse) when they were exposed to music. The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best when they were exposed to music (when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature). 43．Music helps me to build social connections. Music sometimes speaks better than words, and I find it easy to befriend someone who shares a similar interest in music. In a way, music brings people together and create a sense of community and shared experience. 【导语】这篇文章属于说明文。文章主要探讨了音乐对学生学习的影响，指出音乐的益处主要在于提升情绪和集中注意力，但效果因人而异。同时强调有歌词的音乐会干扰语言处理任务。 【详解】40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Songs with 60-70 beats per minute have been suggested to be good for keeping information.(每分钟60-70拍的歌曲被认为有助于记忆信息)”可知，每分钟60-70拍的歌曲有助于记忆信息。故答案为Songs with 60-70 beats per minute. 41．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“There seems to be agreement on one thing at least, which is that music with lyrics (歌词) definitely is a no-go. Processing lyrics means there’s no room in the language processing part of your brain to work on other tasks, especially when this involves reading or writing.(至少有一件事似乎是一致的，那就是带歌词的音乐绝对是不允许的。处理歌词意味着你大脑的语言处理部分没有空间来处理其他任务，尤其是当这涉及到阅读或写作时)”可知，听有歌词的音乐时，大脑的语言处理部分就没有空间来处理其他任务，这种音乐对学习没有帮助。故答案为Because processing lyrics means there’s no room in the language processing part of our brain to work on other tasks, especially when this involves reading or writing. 42．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“A study conducted by the University of Wales found that students consistently performed worse on tests when exposed both to music that they liked and music they didn’t like, meaning that listening to music, regardless of how it made the students feel, was found to be just as distracting as a person talking to you while you’re working.(威尔士大学进行的一项研究发现，当学生听自己喜欢和不喜欢的音乐时，他们在考试中的表现总是更差，这意味着听音乐，不管它让学生感觉如何，被发现就像在你工作时有人和你说话一样分散注意力)”可知，威尔士大学的研究发现学生听音乐时，他们在考试中的表现总是很差；同时根据第四段“That same study also found that along with a completely quiet environment, students also performed best when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature.(同一项研究还发现，在一个完全安静的环境中，当学生听到重复的声音或自然的声音时，他们的表现也最好)”可知，研究发现听到重复的声音或自然的声音时，学生们的表现很好。所以给定句子可以有两种修改方式：1.把students performed best改为students performed worse；2.把when they were exposed to music改为when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature。故答案为The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best (students performed worse) when they were exposed to music. The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best when they were exposed to music (when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature). 43．考查推理判断题。结合个人经验，音乐除了在提升情绪和帮助集中注意力方面能给我带来影响外，它还可以帮助我建立社会联系。音乐有时比语言更能说明问题，我发现和对音乐有相似兴趣的人交朋友很容易。在某种程度上，音乐将人们聚集在一起，创造一种社区意识和共享体验。故答案为Music helps me to build social connections. Music sometimes speaks better than words, and I find it easy to befriend someone who shares a similar interest in music. In a way, music brings people together and create a sense of community and shared experience. 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim对中国书法很感兴趣，得知你参加了学校书法社团，他发来邮件想了解相关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1.介绍中国书法及你们社团的活动； 2.谈谈你的收获。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, How is everything? I’m so glad you’re interested in Chinese calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy has developed along with China’s civilisation. It is not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing the character of “the man behind the brush”. In our school’s calligraphy club, we practice basic strokes and study famous masterpieces. We also create our own works, sometimes even holding exhibitions. Since joining the club, I’ve not only improved my brushwork but also had a better understanding of Chinese culture. Calligraphy requires patience and concentration, which has helped me stay focused during my studies. Would you like to see some of my calligraphy pieces? I’d be happy to share photos! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，介绍学校书法社团相关情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 方式：means→way 展示：show→display 著名的：famous→well-known 提高：improve→enhance 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：Calligraphy requires patience and concentration, which has helped me stay focused during my studies. 拓展句：Calligraphy requires patience and concentration, helping me stay focused during my studies. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Since joining the club, I’ve not only improved my brushwork but also had a better understanding of Chinese culture. (运用了非谓语动词动名词作宾语以及not only…but also句型) 【高分句型2】Calligraphy requires patience and concentration, which has helped me stay focused during my studies. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语·参考答案 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．C 11．solving 12．advised 13．angrily 14．with 15．to establish 16．have been aided 17．discoveries 18．whether/if 19．attached 20．which 21．B 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．D 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．F 39．E 40．Songs with 60-70 beats per minute. 41．Because processing lyrics means there’s no room in the language processing part of our brain to work on other tasks, especially when this involves reading or writing. 42．此题接受两种答案： ▶The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best (students performed worse) when they were exposed to music. The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best when they were exposed to music (when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature). 43．Music helps me to build social connections. Music sometimes speaks better than words, and I find it easy to befriend someone who shares a similar interest in music. In a way, music brings people together and create a sense of community and shared experience. 44．Dear Jim, How is everything? I’m so glad you’re interested in Chinese calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy has developed along with China’s civilisation. It is not only a beautiful art form but also a means of showing the character of “the man behind the brush”. In our school’s calligraphy club, we practice basic strokes and study famous masterpieces. We also create our own works, sometimes even holding exhibitions. Since joining the club, I’ve not only improved my brushwork but also had a better understanding of Chinese culture. Calligraphy requires patience and concentration, which has helped me stay focused during my studies. Would you like to see some of my calligraphy pieces? I’d be happy to share photos! Yours, Li Hua 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用) 英语·答题卡 姓名： 考 准考证号 标 条码粘贴处 口 准考证号 注意事项 0 0 1.答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清 1 1 楚。 2.请将准考证条码粘贴在右的条码粘贴处的方框 2 2 内。 3 3 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5 4 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 4.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的 答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 6 6 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 6.填涂样例正确■错误-][V][×] 9 9 第部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第-节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 1.[A[B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 3[A][BI[CI[D] 8.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[AJ[B][C][D] 第二节（共10小题；每到题1.5分，共15分） 11 12 13 14 15. 16 17 18 19 20. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.[A][B][C][D]26.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 22.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 32.[A][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 23.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][CJ[D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][CJ[D][E][F][G] 24[A][B][C][D]29.[A][B][C1[D]34[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D]30.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][F[G] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第1页共2页 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第-节（满盼12分） 40. (2分) 41. (2分) 42. (3分) 43 (5分) 第二节（满粉20分） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第2页共2页2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语·答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 禁 记 条码粘贴处 准考证号 注意事项 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清 1 2.请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的[条码粘贴处]的方框 2 2 2 2 2 2 内。 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3.选择题必须使用B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须用0.5 4 4 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 4.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的 5 答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 7 7 > > 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6.填涂样例正确[■]错误-[][×] 8 9 9 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第-节（供10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] 8.A[B][C][D] 4.A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 1o.[A][B][C][D] 第二节（供10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 11 12. 13. 14. 15. 16 17. 18. 19. 20. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.[A][B][C][D] 26.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 22.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D]32.[A][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 23.[A][BJ[C][D] 28.[A][B][C][D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 24.[A][B][C][D] 29.[A][B][c][D] 34.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][c][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D] 30.[A][B][C][D] 39[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第1页共2页 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（满分12分） 40. (2分) 41. (2分) 42 (3分) 43 (5分) 第二节（满分20分） 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第2页共2页………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 I left my home country to pursue a doctor’s degree in the UK. I thought I was supposed to focus only on the 1 . So, when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat, I tended to kindly reply “Maybe next time”. I spent my days mostly alone, 2 in my work. Eventually I found I was fighting increasing 3 till it hit a breaking point. The nights were long and dark. I scrolled social media to pass the time. I even tried “talking” to ChatGPT. But I couldn’t feel better. It was my tutor, Ms. Murphy who finally helped me see my 4 from a new perspective (视角). After I told her how I had been feeling these last months, she 5 ,“Perhaps it is not about finding someone to talk to at night. Maybe it is about talking to more of your colleagues during the day.” Her suggestion made me realize that I had been looking for the answer in the 6 direction. She helped me see that joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind and even 7 my work. I began to chat with friends more and realized we were all dealing with challenges, professionally and personally. I can’t do everything 8 . Instead, I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges. I also need to take some time away from work to enjoy previously 9 parts of life. That is how life should be, enriched and colorful. The nights are still as long as before. However, they are not as 10 , as I have seen the bright light in the day. 1．A．health B．work C．custom D．life 2．A．settled B．hired C．accepted D．buried 3．A．loneliness B．tiredness C．carelessness D．selfishness 4．A．education B．situation C．intention D．emotion 5．A．announced B．continued C．advised D．whispered 6．A．same B．general C．new D．wrong 7．A．contribute to B．result in C．watch over D．set an example for 8．A．creatively B．independently C．gradually D．regularly 9．A．assumed B．selected C．ignored D．judged 10．A．busy B．short C．dark D．silent 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Agony Aunt gave Ben some suggestions about 11 (solve) the trouble with his basketball teammates. She first quoted an old American saying “Loose lips sink ships,” explaining careless words could cause harm. She also 12 (advise) Ben to apologize to his teammate and discuss trust issues with his friend. Additionally, Ben should reflect on his reaction and consult the coach to improve teamwork. The key lesson for him was to avoid speaking 13 (angry) and address problems calmly through proper channels. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Shocked by Africa’s water crisis, Canadian schoolboy Ryan decided to offer some help. He raised funds by doing chores like window-cleaning and gardening, and finally got enough money 14 the help of people around him. Later he visited Uganda, where he saw a completed well and some grateful students. This success motivated him 15 (establish) a foundation to help more communities access clean water. And many people were inspired, giving him their donation. Up to now, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa 16 (aid) by the foundation. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Some scientific experiments are contributing to later scientific 17 (discovery) and inventions. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin conducted a famous experiment to test 18 lightning was really produced by electricity. During a storm, he flew a kite with a metal key 19 (attach) by a string. When lightning struck the kite, electricity traveled through the string to the key. Touching it, Franklin received an electric shock, 20 proved lightning’s electrical nature. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A FIRST(For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) is a global nonprofit organization that prepares young people for the future through team-based robotics programs for ages 4-18. FIRST hosts thousands of events around the globe annually. These events are made possible through the support of event volunteers who work along with others who really like the task of FIRST to run seasonal events at the local, regional, and even international levels. Event volunteers can be: ●FIRST graduates ●Non-profit organization staff supporting or participating in robotics programs ●Parents of robotics program students ●Teachers/Professors teaching or organizing science projects ●Experts in related fields(e.g., engineers, programmers) ●Employees of Tech companies ●Undergraduates and teachers in colleges As an event volunteer you will: ●Become responsible members of the global community who recognize that your collective skills can create meaningful changes in someone’s life, in the community, and even in the world. ●Join a community of like-minded individuals that support FIRST programs. ●Receive general FIRST training and training for your volunteer role. ●Gain valuable skills in certain fields that may be good for your future jobs. ●Have a chance to get training records of volunteerism. No matter what level you want to be involved in, there is a role for you, from safety workers to judges, and hosts to officials. Some roles require a little time with quick preparations on the day. Other roles require pre-event training and longer participation on event days. Technical and non-technical event volunteer roles are ready to support FIRST programs. How to sign up: First you should create an account in the FIRST website: sign-up is in the top right corner of this page or by clicking the “Start Volunteer Registration” button below. Then click the Volunteer Registration tab & choose “Volunteer at an Event”. You can search events by location and choose up to five roles. You must enter your e-mail: This email will be used to receive the result and get your password if you forget it. Before receiving an email to check your volunteer role, you should fill in a youth protection background survey. 21．Who is likely to become a FIRST event volunteer? A．FIRST participants. B．Science teachers. C．Government staff. D．Experts in business. 22．What will FIRST event volunteers receive from their work? A．Certain job offers in related fields. B．Small gifts for their time and effort. C．Basic training and role-specific preparation. D．Chances to meet individuals of various interests. 23．What do applicants need to do during the sign-up? A．Complete a background check. B．Check the result on the website. C．Create a new email account. D．Search for events by time. B Growing up, interest and enjoyment in learning were not important to my parents, and therefore not to me; only good grades mattered. I chose chemistry because it seemed like a path to varied possible professional futures. Learning chemistry wasn’t boring, but I did not love my subject. When deciding what to do after finishing my undergraduate degree, I was largely driven by a desire for financial (财务的) independence. While exploring the job market, I found most asked for a master’s. I was offered a spot in a graduate program and decided to do it. It came with the opportunity to continue to a Ph.D．, but I never saw a Ph.D．as my likely direction. However, in my second year, during a lab project, my doubts about a Ph.D．began to give way. I spent a lot of time in the lab and never felt bored. I even started to prefer experiments over classes. Working in the lab seemed much more satisfying than scoring well on exams. I began to wonder: was there a place in academia for someone like me, without an inborn passion for science? As my master’s was drawing to a close, I became restless. My scores positioned me well for hiring — a valuable opportunity I didn’t want to miss. Everyone advised against a Ph.D．, arguing for better pay and easier work outside academia. But my interest in research kept growing, and I didn’t want to live with “what if?”. I backed out and chose the Ph.D．. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right to start each day in the lab, learning something new. My career choice gives me confidence to follow my own direction instead of others’ expectations. Having started my career as an “unwilling” chemist, I am yet to announce my love for what I do. But I try to solve problems for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than other chemists, and no less worthy of a space in science. 24．What led the author to pick chemistry as a field of study? A．Strong performance in exams. B．Desire for broad career possibilities. C．Passion for hands- on research. D．Determination for a place in academia. 25．What was the author unsure about as his master’s program approached completion? A．How to balance research with financial independence. B．Whether to focus on lab work or academic achievements. C．How to balance a love for experiments with the dream to be a Ph. D．Whether to follow his academic interest or accept a well-paying job. 26．Why does the author describe himself as an “unwilling” chemist? A．He hates to be a chemist. B．He suffers from learning chemistry. C．He didn’t choose chemistry out of pure love. D．He became a chemist by following others’ advice. 27．What can we learn from this passage? A．Fortune favors the patient. B．Passion can grow with experience. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Self-belief turns hesitation into strength. C In recent years, interest in space tourism has grown rapidly. Once a concept limited to science fiction, space travel for private individuals is now becoming a reality. Companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are developing commercial spaceflight programs, promising a future where ordinary people can experience life beyond Earth. Wealthy adventurers, celebrities, and even a few researchers have already taken part in these early missions, drawing global attention. However, space tourism raises important questions. Critic argue that it remains an activity for the wealthy, as ticket prices are extremely high. A single trip can cost hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars, making space tourism accessible only to a select few. Others worry about the environmental impact. Rocket launches release large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. Some scientists fear that an increase in spaceflights could worsen these issues if not properly regulated. Supporters, on the other hand, believe that space tourism has benefits. It drives innovation in aerospace technology, leading to advancements that could make space travel more affordable in the future. Additionally, some believe that seeing Earth from space — often called the “overview effect” — gives travelers a deeper appreciation for the planet and inspires greater environmental responsibility. Documentaries and interviews with early space tourists suggest this emotional shift is genuine and long-lasting. Despite the excitement, space tourism remains in its early stages. While a few commercial flights have successfully taken private passengers to the edge of space, long-term sustainability is still uncertain. The cost must decrease significantly for space travel to become widely accessible. Scientists also emphasize the need for better safety measures, as spaceflight remains a high-risk activity. Some experts compare space tourism to the early days of aviation. A century ago, air travel was expensive and rare, but today, millions of people fly every day. Could the same happen with space travel? Many in the industry believe so, but it may take decades before space tourism becomes a regular part of human life. For now, space tourism remains a thrilling yet controversial topic. While the idea of ordinary people traveling to space is inspiring, questions about cost, safety, and environmental impact must be addressed before it can truly take off. 28．What is one major concern about space tourism? A．It harms the environment. B．It is illegal in many countries. C．It has replaced scientific space missions. D．It distract s public attention from climate issues. 29．Why do some supporters have a positive view of space tourism? A．It is a safe and affordable industry. B．It helps reduce global carbon emissions. C．It could encourage better treatment of Earth. D．It provides a solution to overcrowding on Earth. 30．What does the underlined phrase “overview effect” most likely refer to? A．A feeling of being lost in space. B．A dangerous effect of space travel. C．An ability to see beyond the Earth’s atmosphere. D．A change in perspective after viewing Earth from space. 31．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Why Space Tourism Will Fail. B．Is Space Travel worth the Cost? C．How Governments Control Space Travel. D．Space Tourism: The Next Step for Humanity? D Evan Selinger, professor in RIT’s Department of Philosophy, has taken an interest in the ethics (伦理标准) of AI and the policy gaps that need to be filled in. Through a humanities viewpoint, Selinger asks the questions, “How can AI cause harm, and what can governments and companies creating AI programs do to address and manage it?” Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary approach. “AI ethics go beyond technical fixes. Philosophers and other humanities experts are uniquely skilled to address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value conflicts, and power dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial for addressing current issues. We desperately need them to promote anticipatory (先行的) governance,” said Selinger. One example that illustrates how philosophy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly growing technologies is Selinger’s work collaborating with a special AI project. “One of the skills I bring to the table is identifying core ethical issues in emerging technologies that haven’t been built or used by the public. We can take preventative steps to limit risk, including changing how the technology is designed.” said Selinger. Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn’t a step-by-step approach for good governance. “AI ethics have core values and principles, but there’s endless disagreement about interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accountability mechanisms,” said Selinger. “Some people are rightly worried that AI can become integrated into ‘ethics washing’ — weak checklists, flowery mission statements, and empty rhetoric that covers over abuses of power. Fortunately, I’ve had great conversations about this issue, including with some experts, on why it is important to consider a range of positions.” Some of Selinger’s recent research has focused on the back-end issues with developing AI, such as the human impact that comes with testing AI chatbots before they’re released to the public. Other issues focus on policy, such as what to do about the dangers posed by facial recognition and other automated surveillance (监视) approaches. Selinger is making sure his students are informed about the ongoing industry conversations on AI ethics and responsible AI. “Students are going to be future tech leaders. Now is the time to help them think about what goals their companies should have and the costs of minimizing ethical concerns. Beyond social costs, downplaying ethics can negatively impact corporate culture and hiring,” said Selinger. “To attract top talent, you need to consider whether your company matches their interests and hopes for the future.” 32．Selinger advocates an interdisciplinary approach because . A．it can avoid social conflicts and pressing issues B．AI ethics heavily depends on technological solutions C．it demonstrates the power of anticipatory governance D．humanities experts possess skills essential for AI ethics 33．To promote responsible AI, Selinger believes we should . A．adopt a systematic approach B．apply innovative technologies C．anticipate ethical risks beforehand D．establish accountability mechanisms 34．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．More companies will use AI to attract top talent. B．Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future. C．Selinger favors companies that match his students’ values. D．Selinger is likely to focus on back-end issues such as policy. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 Education is about learning, enriching our lives and making us better citizens and independent thinkers. 35 But over the last decade and a half, the goal of learning has given way to grades and degrees. This has led to inflation (通货膨胀) in both. Degree inflation means employers require a bachelor’s degree or more for work that really doesn’t need it. Fortunately, hiring managers have begun to learn that, and degree requirements have been declining in many fields. 36 An analysis showed that grades in the Los Angeles have been rising while scores on nationwide standardized exams have been crashing. The gaps between grades and test scores are immense and consistent. Students’ actual mastery of the material declines despite their more credits and higher grades in math. 37 To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with F grade, so grade point averages have consistently risen. Plus, there is huge pressure from students and their parents. In a 2023 survey, educators said roughly half of students requested higher grades than they had earned and that 8 out of 10 teachers gave in, for a third of students and parents bother them when they don’t. Inflated grades damage the college admission process. While colleges used to regard high school grade point averages as the best predictor of higher education success, their predictive value has decreased. 38 Consequently, some students, armed with good grades, march off to college, only to find themselves in remedial classes (补习班) because they haven’t learned enough to take college-level courses. We have to ask ourselves: Do we want education to be about intellectual growth or a performance driven by grade inflation? 39 A．Grade inflation results from multiple factors. B．Its core mission is globally recognized by educators. C．Standardized tests reflect real academic performance effectively. D．Yet grade inflation shows no sign of slowing down in this period. E．After all, education should return to original nurturing of learners. F．A high grade no longer guarantees a student’s academic competence. G．Many teachers are tired of parents’ endless requests for higher grades. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Most research supports the idea that music’s main benefit for students is the uplift of mood and thus of abilities to concentrate on tasks and study for longer periods of time. What kind of music are we talking about then? Some Drake? Bach? SpongeBob? What’s the magic song? Again, complicated (复杂). You want something that’s going to drop you right into that sweet spot of what is called medium arousal; a playlist that’s too boring might make you sleepy, while a song that’s too exciting might make it harder for you to focus. Songs with 60-70 beats per minute have been suggested to be good for keeping information. Beethoven’s For Elise is an example. Listening to Mozart has also been shown in studies to improve the productivity of its listeners. There’s quite a bit of controversy on the effectiveness of having music on while you study, even music that puts you in the right mood. A study conducted by the University of Wales found that students consistently performed worse on tests when exposed both to music that they liked and music they didn’t like, meaning that listening to music, regardless of how it made the students feel, was found to be just as distracting as a person talking to you while you’re working. That same study also found that along with a completely quiet environment, students also performed best when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature. Another similar study, however, found that while average performance was lower for the music-listening group, the variation in individual scores suggests that the effects of the music vary a lot from person to person, and hence why it’s difficult to definitely say whether music helps or hurts. There seems to be agreement on one thing at least, which is that music with lyrics (歌词) definitely is a no-go. Processing lyrics means there’s no room in the language processing part of your brain to work on other tasks, especially when this involves reading or writing. The brain, actually, doesn’t have the ability to multitask at all. What you think is multitasking is actually just your poor old noodle rapidly switching between everything, but concentrating on nothing. Sad! 40．What kind of songs can be good for keeping information? 41．Why is listening to music with lyrics not helpful for study? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best when they were exposed to music. 43．Apart from the aspects mentioned in the passage, how can listening to music influence you? (In about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim对中国书法很感兴趣，得知你参加了学校书法社团，他发来邮件想了解相关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1.介绍中国书法及你们社团的活动； 2.谈谈你的收获。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试题 第7页（共10页） 试题 第8页（共10页） 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高一下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4. 难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 I left my home country to pursue a doctor’s degree in the UK. I thought I was supposed to focus only on the 1 . So, when colleagues invited me to join them for a coffee chat, I tended to kindly reply “Maybe next time”. I spent my days mostly alone, 2 in my work. Eventually I found I was fighting increasing 3 till it hit a breaking point. The nights were long and dark. I scrolled social media to pass the time. I even tried “talking” to ChatGPT. But I couldn’t feel better. It was my tutor, Ms. Murphy who finally helped me see my 4 from a new perspective (视角). After I told her how I had been feeling these last months, she 5 ,“Perhaps it is not about finding someone to talk to at night. Maybe it is about talking to more of your colleagues during the day.” Her suggestion made me realize that I had been looking for the answer in the 6 direction. She helped me see that joining in the people around me would improve my state of mind and even 7 my work. I began to chat with friends more and realized we were all dealing with challenges, professionally and personally. I can’t do everything 8 . Instead, I should team with friends and work together on common goals and challenges. I also need to take some time away from work to enjoy previously 9 parts of life. That is how life should be, enriched and colorful. The nights are still as long as before. However, they are not as 10 , as I have seen the bright light in the day. 1．A．health B．work C．custom D．life 2．A．settled B．hired C．accepted D．buried 3．A．loneliness B．tiredness C．carelessness D．selfishness 4．A．education B．situation C．intention D．emotion 5．A．announced B．continued C．advised D．whispered 6．A．same B．general C．new D．wrong 7．A．contribute to B．result in C．watch over D．set an example for 8．A．creatively B．independently C．gradually D．regularly 9．A．assumed B．selected C．ignored D．judged 10．A．busy B．short C．dark D．silent 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Agony Aunt gave Ben some suggestions about 11 (solve) the trouble with his basketball teammates. She first quoted an old American saying “Loose lips sink ships,” explaining careless words could cause harm. She also 12 (advise) Ben to apologize to his teammate and discuss trust issues with his friend. Additionally, Ben should reflect on his reaction and consult the coach to improve teamwork. The key lesson for him was to avoid speaking 13 (angry) and address problems calmly through proper channels. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Shocked by Africa’s water crisis, Canadian schoolboy Ryan decided to offer some help. He raised funds by doing chores like window-cleaning and gardening, and finally got enough money 14 the help of people around him. Later he visited Uganda, where he saw a completed well and some grateful students. This success motivated him 15 (establish) a foundation to help more communities access clean water. And many people were inspired, giving him their donation. Up to now, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa 16 (aid) by the foundation. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Some scientific experiments are contributing to later scientific 17 (discovery) and inventions. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin conducted a famous experiment to test 18 lightning was really produced by electricity. During a storm, he flew a kite with a metal key 19 (attach) by a string. When lightning struck the kite, electricity traveled through the string to the key. Touching it, Franklin received an electric shock, 20 proved lightning’s electrical nature. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A FIRST(For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) is a global nonprofit organization that prepares young people for the future through team-based robotics programs for ages 4-18. FIRST hosts thousands of events around the globe annually. These events are made possible through the support of event volunteers who work along with others who really like the task of FIRST to run seasonal events at the local, regional, and even international levels. Event volunteers can be: ●FIRST graduates ●Non-profit organization staff supporting or participating in robotics programs ●Parents of robotics program students ●Teachers/Professors teaching or organizing science projects ●Experts in related fields(e.g., engineers, programmers) ●Employees of Tech companies ●Undergraduates and teachers in colleges As an event volunteer you will: ●Become responsible members of the global community who recognize that your collective skills can create meaningful changes in someone’s life, in the community, and even in the world. ●Join a community of like-minded individuals that support FIRST programs. ●Receive general FIRST training and training for your volunteer role. ●Gain valuable skills in certain fields that may be good for your future jobs. ●Have a chance to get training records of volunteerism. No matter what level you want to be involved in, there is a role for you, from safety workers to judges, and hosts to officials. Some roles require a little time with quick preparations on the day. Other roles require pre-event training and longer participation on event days. Technical and non-technical event volunteer roles are ready to support FIRST programs. How to sign up: First you should create an account in the FIRST website: sign-up is in the top right corner of this page or by clicking the “Start Volunteer Registration” button below. Then click the Volunteer Registration tab & choose “Volunteer at an Event”. You can search events by location and choose up to five roles. You must enter your e-mail: This email will be used to receive the result and get your password if you forget it. Before receiving an email to check your volunteer role, you should fill in a youth protection background survey. 21．Who is likely to become a FIRST event volunteer? A．FIRST participants. B．Science teachers. C．Government staff. D．Experts in business. 22．What will FIRST event volunteers receive from their work? A．Certain job offers in related fields. B．Small gifts for their time and effort. C．Basic training and role-specific preparation. D．Chances to meet individuals of various interests. 23．What do applicants need to do during the sign-up? A．Complete a background check. B．Check the result on the website. C．Create a new email account. D．Search for events by time. B Growing up, interest and enjoyment in learning were not important to my parents, and therefore not to me; only good grades mattered. I chose chemistry because it seemed like a path to varied possible professional futures. Learning chemistry wasn’t boring, but I did not love my subject. When deciding what to do after finishing my undergraduate degree, I was largely driven by a desire for financial (财务的) independence. While exploring the job market, I found most asked for a master’s. I was offered a spot in a graduate program and decided to do it. It came with the opportunity to continue to a Ph.D．, but I never saw a Ph.D．as my likely direction. However, in my second year, during a lab project, my doubts about a Ph.D．began to give way. I spent a lot of time in the lab and never felt bored. I even started to prefer experiments over classes. Working in the lab seemed much more satisfying than scoring well on exams. I began to wonder: was there a place in academia for someone like me, without an inborn passion for science? As my master’s was drawing to a close, I became restless. My scores positioned me well for hiring — a valuable opportunity I didn’t want to miss. Everyone advised against a Ph.D．, arguing for better pay and easier work outside academia. But my interest in research kept growing, and I didn’t want to live with “what if?”. I backed out and chose the Ph.D．. There are ups and downs, but it just feels right to start each day in the lab, learning something new. My career choice gives me confidence to follow my own direction instead of others’ expectations. Having started my career as an “unwilling” chemist, I am yet to announce my love for what I do. But I try to solve problems for my own satisfaction. That makes me no less capable than other chemists, and no less worthy of a space in science. 24．What led the author to pick chemistry as a field of study? A．Strong performance in exams. B．Desire for broad career possibilities. C．Passion for hands- on research. D．Determination for a place in academia. 25．What was the author unsure about as his master’s program approached completion? A．How to balance research with financial independence. B．Whether to focus on lab work or academic achievements. C．How to balance a love for experiments with the dream to be a Ph. D．Whether to follow his academic interest or accept a well-paying job. 26．Why does the author describe himself as an “unwilling” chemist? A．He hates to be a chemist. B．He suffers from learning chemistry. C．He didn’t choose chemistry out of pure love. D．He became a chemist by following others’ advice. 27．What can we learn from this passage? A．Fortune favors the patient. B．Passion can grow with experience. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Self-belief turns hesitation into strength. C In recent years, interest in space tourism has grown rapidly. Once a concept limited to science fiction, space travel for private individuals is now becoming a reality. Companies like SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Virgin Galactic are developing commercial spaceflight programs, promising a future where ordinary people can experience life beyond Earth. Wealthy adventurers, celebrities, and even a few researchers have already taken part in these early missions, drawing global attention. However, space tourism raises important questions. Critic argue that it remains an activity for the wealthy, as ticket prices are extremely high. A single trip can cost hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars, making space tourism accessible only to a select few. Others worry about the environmental impact. Rocket launches release large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change. Some scientists fear that an increase in spaceflights could worsen these issues if not properly regulated. Supporters, on the other hand, believe that space tourism has benefits. It drives innovation in aerospace technology, leading to advancements that could make space travel more affordable in the future. Additionally, some believe that seeing Earth from space — often called the “overview effect” — gives travelers a deeper appreciation for the planet and inspires greater environmental responsibility. Documentaries and interviews with early space tourists suggest this emotional shift is genuine and long-lasting. Despite the excitement, space tourism remains in its early stages. While a few commercial flights have successfully taken private passengers to the edge of space, long-term sustainability is still uncertain. The cost must decrease significantly for space travel to become widely accessible. Scientists also emphasize the need for better safety measures, as spaceflight remains a high-risk activity. Some experts compare space tourism to the early days of aviation. A century ago, air travel was expensive and rare, but today, millions of people fly every day. Could the same happen with space travel? Many in the industry believe so, but it may take decades before space tourism becomes a regular part of human life. For now, space tourism remains a thrilling yet controversial topic. While the idea of ordinary people traveling to space is inspiring, questions about cost, safety, and environmental impact must be addressed before it can truly take off. 28．What is one major concern about space tourism? A．It harms the environment. B．It is illegal in many countries. C．It has replaced scientific space missions. D．It distract s public attention from climate issues. 29．Why do some supporters have a positive view of space tourism? A．It is a safe and affordable industry. B．It helps reduce global carbon emissions. C．It could encourage better treatment of Earth. D．It provides a solution to overcrowding on Earth. 30．What does the underlined phrase “overview effect” most likely refer to? A．A feeling of being lost in space. B．A dangerous effect of space travel. C．An ability to see beyond the Earth’s atmosphere. D．A change in perspective after viewing Earth from space. 31．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Why Space Tourism Will Fail. B．Is Space Travel worth the Cost? C．How Governments Control Space Travel. D．Space Tourism: The Next Step for Humanity? D Evan Selinger, professor in RIT’s Department of Philosophy, has taken an interest in the ethics (伦理标准) of AI and the policy gaps that need to be filled in. Through a humanities viewpoint, Selinger asks the questions, “How can AI cause harm, and what can governments and companies creating AI programs do to address and manage it?” Answering them, he explained, requires an interdisciplinary approach. “AI ethics go beyond technical fixes. Philosophers and other humanities experts are uniquely skilled to address the nuanced (微妙的) principles, value conflicts, and power dynamics. These skills aren’t just crucial for addressing current issues. We desperately need them to promote anticipatory (先行的) governance,” said Selinger. One example that illustrates how philosophy and humanities experts can help guide these new, rapidly growing technologies is Selinger’s work collaborating with a special AI project. “One of the skills I bring to the table is identifying core ethical issues in emerging technologies that haven’t been built or used by the public. We can take preventative steps to limit risk, including changing how the technology is designed.” said Selinger. Taking these preventative steps and regularly reassessing what risks need addressing is part of the ongoing journey in pursuit of creating responsible AI. Selinger explains that there isn’t a step-by-step approach for good governance. “AI ethics have core values and principles, but there’s endless disagreement about interpreting and applying them and creating meaningful accountability mechanisms,” said Selinger. “Some people are rightly worried that AI can become integrated into ‘ethics washing’ — weak checklists, flowery mission statements, and empty rhetoric that covers over abuses of power. Fortunately, I’ve had great conversations about this issue, including with some experts, on why it is important to consider a range of positions.” Some of Selinger’s recent research has focused on the back-end issues with developing AI, such as the human impact that comes with testing AI chatbots before they’re released to the public. Other issues focus on policy, such as what to do about the dangers posed by facial recognition and other automated surveillance (监视) approaches. Selinger is making sure his students are informed about the ongoing industry conversations on AI ethics and responsible AI. “Students are going to be future tech leaders. Now is the time to help them think about what goals their companies should have and the costs of minimizing ethical concerns. Beyond social costs, downplaying ethics can negatively impact corporate culture and hiring,” said Selinger. “To attract top talent, you need to consider whether your company matches their interests and hopes for the future.” 32．Selinger advocates an interdisciplinary approach because . A．it can avoid social conflicts and pressing issues B．AI ethics heavily depends on technological solutions C．it demonstrates the power of anticipatory governance D．humanities experts possess skills essential for AI ethics 33．To promote responsible AI, Selinger believes we should . A．adopt a systematic approach B．apply innovative technologies C．anticipate ethical risks beforehand D．establish accountability mechanisms 34．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A．More companies will use AI to attract top talent. B．Understanding AI ethics will help students in the future. C．Selinger favors companies that match his students’ values. D．Selinger is likely to focus on back-end issues such as policy. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 Education is about learning, enriching our lives and making us better citizens and independent thinkers. 35 But over the last decade and a half, the goal of learning has given way to grades and degrees. This has led to inflation (通货膨胀) in both. Degree inflation means employers require a bachelor’s degree or more for work that really doesn’t need it. Fortunately, hiring managers have begun to learn that, and degree requirements have been declining in many fields. 36 An analysis showed that grades in the Los Angeles have been rising while scores on nationwide standardized exams have been crashing. The gaps between grades and test scores are immense and consistent. Students’ actual mastery of the material declines despite their more credits and higher grades in math. 37 To avoid discouraging students, some school districts did away with F grade, so grade point averages have consistently risen. Plus, there is huge pressure from students and their parents. In a 2023 survey, educators said roughly half of students requested higher grades than they had earned and that 8 out of 10 teachers gave in, for a third of students and parents bother them when they don’t. Inflated grades damage the college admission process. While colleges used to regard high school grade point averages as the best predictor of higher education success, their predictive value has decreased. 38 Consequently, some students, armed with good grades, march off to college, only to find themselves in remedial classes (补习班) because they haven’t learned enough to take college-level courses. We have to ask ourselves: Do we want education to be about intellectual growth or a performance driven by grade inflation? 39 A．Grade inflation results from multiple factors. B．Its core mission is globally recognized by educators. C．Standardized tests reflect real academic performance effectively. D．Yet grade inflation shows no sign of slowing down in this period. E．After all, education should return to original nurturing of learners. F．A high grade no longer guarantees a student’s academic competence. G．Many teachers are tired of parents’ endless requests for higher grades. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。 Most research supports the idea that music’s main benefit for students is the uplift of mood and thus of abilities to concentrate on tasks and study for longer periods of time. What kind of music are we talking about then? Some Drake? Bach? SpongeBob? What’s the magic song? Again, complicated (复杂). You want something that’s going to drop you right into that sweet spot of what is called medium arousal; a playlist that’s too boring might make you sleepy, while a song that’s too exciting might make it harder for you to focus. Songs with 60-70 beats per minute have been suggested to be good for keeping information. Beethoven’s For Elise is an example. Listening to Mozart has also been shown in studies to improve the productivity of its listeners. There’s quite a bit of controversy on the effectiveness of having music on while you study, even music that puts you in the right mood. A study conducted by the University of Wales found that students consistently performed worse on tests when exposed both to music that they liked and music they didn’t like, meaning that listening to music, regardless of how it made the students feel, was found to be just as distracting as a person talking to you while you’re working. That same study also found that along with a completely quiet environment, students also performed best when they were played repetitive sounds or sounds of nature. Another similar study, however, found that while average performance was lower for the music-listening group, the variation in individual scores suggests that the effects of the music vary a lot from person to person, and hence why it’s difficult to definitely say whether music helps or hurts. There seems to be agreement on one thing at least, which is that music with lyrics (歌词) definitely is a no-go. Processing lyrics means there’s no room in the language processing part of your brain to work on other tasks, especially when this involves reading or writing. The brain, actually, doesn’t have the ability to multitask at all. What you think is multitasking is actually just your poor old noodle rapidly switching between everything, but concentrating on nothing. Sad! 40．What kind of songs can be good for keeping information? 41．Why is listening to music with lyrics not helpful for study? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ▶The study conducted by the University of Wales found that students performed best when they were exposed to music. 43．Apart from the aspects mentioned in the passage, how can listening to music influence you? (In about 40 words) 第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim对中国书法很感兴趣，得知你参加了学校书法社团，他发来邮件想了解相关情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1.介绍中国书法及你们社团的活动； 2.谈谈你的收获。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $