专题03 Unit 12（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期北师大版

专题03 Unit 12（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握本单元创新与科技类核心词汇，辨析 “-ing/-ed”形容词、近义动词 / 名词（如 invent/discover、preserve/conserve）的用法。 2.熟练运用虚拟语气、强调句、as 引导状语从句、not...until 句型等核心句型，完成翻译、仿写与句型转换。 3.熟记单元核心名词、动词、短语及固定搭配，能在语境中辨析近义词、运用高频词组。 复习难点： 1.精准区分 “-ing/-ed” 结尾形容词（如 inspired/inspiring、amazed/amazing）的语境用法。 2.在完形、写作中灵活运用innovation、invention、discovery、preserve、launch等词及短语，表达创新、发明与保护。 3.掌握虚拟语气（if/without 含蓄虚拟）、as 引导多种状语从句、not...until 强调句的结构与用法。 4.区分invent/discover、preserve/conserve、launch/start等易混词的语境差异。 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.完形、语法填空侧重科技 / 创新类动词 / 名词、“情绪类形容词（-ing/-ed）”的语境辨析。 2.高频考查innovation、invent、discover、preserve、launch、explode、perceive、anticipate等核心词，以及range from...to...、single out、lead to、be gifted in、come about、be filled with、bury oneself in、make a discovery、as a consequence of等固定搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常考虚拟语气（if/without 含蓄虚拟）、as 引导状语从句、not...until 强调句的转换与仿写。 2.强调句、it 作形式主语、现在分词作结果状语是翻译、句式改写高频考点。 3.not only...but also... 倒装、next time 引导时间状语从句在书面表达中反复考查。 知识点1 innovation n. 创新，革新；新发明，新方法 1.technological innovation 技术创新 Technological innovation drives social progress. 技术创新推动社会进步。 2.innovate v. 创新，革新 Companies need to innovate to stay competitive. 企业需要创新以保持竞争力。 3.innovative adj. 创新的，革新的 He is an innovative designer with creative ideas. 他是一位有创意的创新设计师。 invent v. 发明，创造 invention n. 发明，创造 inventor n. 发明家 知识点2 invent vt. 发明，创造；虚构，编造 1.invent sth. 发明某物 Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. 托马斯・爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 2.invent a story/excuse 编造故事 / 借口 He invented an excuse for being late. 他为迟到编造了一个借口。 3.inventor n. 发明家；创造者 The inventor of the computer changed the world. 计算机的发明者改变了世界。 4.invention n. 发明；创造物；发明才能 The invention of the Internet has transformed our lives. 互联网的发明改变了我们的生活。 invent：发明（原本不存在的东西） discover：发现（原本存在但未被知晓的东西） The inventor made some technological innovations in his inventions. 这个发明家在他的发明中融入了科技创新。 知识点3 preserve vt. 保存，保护；腌制；维持；n. 蜜饯；保护区 1.preserve sth. from... 保护某物免受…… We should preserve the environment from pollution. 我们应该保护环境免受污染。 2.preserve food 保存食物 People use salt to preserve food in ancient times. 古代人们用盐来保存食物。 3.preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产 It’s our duty to preserve cultural heritage. 保护文化遗产是我们的责任。 4.preservation n. 保存；保护；维护 The preservation of ancient buildings is important. 古建筑的保护很重要。 preserve：保护（使完好无损，强调长期保存） conserve：节约；保护（强调合理使用，避免浪费） 知识点4 launch vt. 发射；发起，发动；推出（产品）；n. 发射；下水；上市 1.launch a satellite/rocket 发射卫星 / 火箭 China launched a new satellite into space last month. 中国上个月向太空发射了一颗新卫星。 2.launch a campaign 发起一场运动 The government launched a campaign against smoking. 政府发起了一场禁烟运动。 3.launch a new product 推出新产品 The company will launch a new smartphone next week. 该公司下周将推出一款新智能手机。 4.launch oneself into... 投身于…… He launched himself into his research after graduation. 毕业后他投身于研究工作。 知识点5 explode v. （使）爆炸；爆发；激增；勃然大怒 1.explode with anger 勃然大怒 He exploded with anger when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息后勃然大怒。 2.explode into laughter/tears 突然大笑 / 大哭 She exploded into tears when she saw the sad movie. 她看这部悲伤的电影时突然大哭起来。 3.explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增 The explosion of population has caused many problems. 人口激增导致了许多问题。 4.explosive adj. 爆炸的；爆发性的；易激动的 The situation in the area is highly explosive. 该地区的局势一触即发。 知识点6 perceive vt. 察觉，感知；意识到；认为，理解 1.perceive sth. 察觉 / 感知某物 We perceive the world through our senses. 我们通过感官感知世界。 2.perceive sb./sth. as... 认为某人 / 某物是…… He is perceived as a genius by his colleagues. 他被同事们视为天才。 3.perception n. 感知；看法；洞察力 His perception of the problem is different from mine. 他对这个问题的看法和我不同。 4.perceptive adj. 有洞察力的；敏锐的 She is a perceptive observer of human nature. 她是一位对人性有敏锐洞察力的观察者。 知识点7 anticipate vt. 预期，预料；预见；提前使用 1.anticipate sth. 预期 / 预料某事 We didn’t anticipate such a big success. 我们没预料到会这么成功。 2.anticipate doing sth. 预期做某事 He anticipates finishing the project ahead of time. 他预期提前完成这个项目。 3.anticipation n. 预期；预料；期待 In anticipation of your arrival, we have prepared a room. 期待你的到来，我们已经准备好了一个房间。 知识点8 gifted adj. 有天赋的；有才华的；天才的 1.be gifted in/at... 在…… 方面有天赋 She is gifted in music and has a beautiful voice. 她在音乐方面有天赋，嗓音优美。 2.be gifted with... 具有（某种天赋或特质） He is gifted with a good memory. 他天生记忆力好。 3.gift n. 天赋；才能；礼物 have a gift for对…有天赋 She has a gift for learning languages. 她有学习语言的天赋。 知识点9 constant adj. 持续的；不断的；恒定的；n. 常数；常量 1.constant temperature 恒温 The room is kept at a constant temperature of 25℃. 房间保持 25 摄氏度的恒温。 2.constant noise 持续的噪音 The constant noise from the traffic disturbed my sleep. 交通持续的噪音打扰了我的睡眠。 3.constantly adv. 持续地；不断地；经常地 He is constantly late for class. 他上课经常迟到。 知识点 10 accuracy n. 准确（性）；精确（程度） 1.high accuracy 高准确度 The new machine works with high accuracy. 这台新机器工作精度很高。 2.with accuracy 准确地；精确地 He can predict the weather with great accuracy. 他能非常准确地预测天气。 3.accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 The data provided by the sensor is accurate. 传感器提供的数据是准确的。 一、重点词汇 & 词性辨析（考点核心） 1.-ing/-ed 形容词（必考难点） inspire → inspired（人受鼓舞的）/inspiring（事物鼓舞人心的） amaze → amazed（人惊讶的）/amazing（事物令人惊讶的） astonish → astonished（人震惊的）/astonishing（事物令人震惊的） 2.易混近义单词 单词 含义 用法差异 launch 发射；发起；推出 正式、大型的开始 / 发布 start 开始；启动 普通的开始，通用 单词 含义 用法差异 invent 发明（创造新事物） 原本不存在，首次创造 discover 发现（找到已存在事物） 原本存在，未被知晓 preserve 保护；保存 强调长期完好保存 conserve 节约；保护 强调合理使用，避免浪费 3.一词多义高频词 explode：v. 爆炸；爆发；激增；勃然大怒 launch：v. 发射；发起；推出；n. 发射；上市 perceive：v. 察觉；意识到；认为 二、核心短语（完形 / 写作高频） 1.be gifted in/at 在…… 有天赋 2.range from...to... 范围从…… 到…… 3.single out 挑选出；单独选出 4.lead to 导致；引起 5.come about 发生；产生 6.be filled with 充满；装满 7.bury oneself in 专心致志于；埋头于 8.make a discovery 发现 9.as a consequence of 由于；因为 10.not...until 直到…… 才…… 三、重点句型（句型转换 / 翻译 / 写作考点） 1. 虚拟语气：if 引导非真实条件句（与现在 / 过去 / 将来事实相反） 教材原句（Lesson 1, P40）：If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands.（如果你必须选出 20 世纪最重要的一项发现，你会面临一个难题。） 句型结构： 与现在相反：If + 主语 + 过去式，主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形 与过去相反：If + 主语 + had done，主语 + would/could/should/might + have done 与将来相反：If + 主语 + should do/were to do / 过去式，主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形 解析：虚拟语气表示与事实不符或不可能实现的假设，此句为与现在事实相反的假设，had to 为过去式，主句用 would + 动词原形。 2. as 引导时间状语从句（当…… 的时候） 教材原句（Lesson 4, P46）：As the water boiled, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.（当水沸腾时，蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。） 句型结构：As + 主语 + 谓语（时间状语从句），主句 解析：as 引导时间状语从句，强调主句和从句动作同时发生，意为 “当…… 的时候”；还可引导原因（由于）、方式（按照）、让步（虽然，倒装）、比较（as...as）状语从句。 3. not...until 的强调句型（It wasn’t until...that...） 教材原句（Lesson 4, P47）：...but it wasn’t until 1857 that a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building.（…… 但直到 1857 年，一个名叫伊莱沙・奥的斯的人才设计并制造出利用液压系统在建筑楼层间运送人员的机器。） 句型结构：It wasn’t until + 时间 / 状语 + that + 主句（正常语序） 解析：强调 not...until 句型中的时间状语，that 后的主句用正常语序，意为 “直到…… 才……”。 4. next time 引导时间状语从句（下次……） 教材原句（Lesson 4, P47）：Next time you rely on any of these inventions, be grateful and think about the science and imagination that have gone into them and how much they have changed our everyday life.（下次当你依赖其中任何一个发明时，要心存感激，想想它们所含有的科学和想象力，以及它们对我们的日常生活有多大的改变。） 句型结构：Next time + 主语 + 谓语（时间状语从句），主句 解析：next time 为连词化短语，引导时间状语从句，意为 “下次……”，类似的还有 every time、each time、the moment、the minute 等。 5. 强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...） 教材原句（Lesson 1, P41）：It was Fleming’s curiosity and imagination that led to the discovery of penicillin.（正是弗莱明的好奇心和想象力促成了青霉素的发现。） 句型结构：It is/was + 被强调部分（主语 / 宾语 / 状语） + that/who + 主句剩余部分 解析：强调除谓语外的任何成分，that 可指人或物，who 仅指人；去掉 It is/was...that/who 后句子成分完整。 6. 现在分词作结果状语（主句，doing...） 教材原句（Lesson 2, P42）：He improved the design, making the machine more efficient.（他改进了设计，使机器效率更高。） 句型结构：主句，现在分词短语（表自然而然的结果） 解析：现在分词作结果状语，位于句末，表主句动作导致的自然结果，可改为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。 7. 定语从句（介词 + 关系代词） 教材原句（Lesson 1, P40）：He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.（他仔细检查了一下，发现盘子里有一层蓝霉菌，霉菌周围的细菌已经被消灭了。） 句型结构：先行词 + 介词 + 关系代词（which/whom） + 从句 解析：定语从句中，介词提前时，指物用 which，指人用 whom，不能用 that。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.He is ________ (gift) in music and has won many prizes. 2.The ________ (invent) of the Internet has changed the way we communicate. 3.We should ________ (preserve) the environment from pollution. 4.The company will ________ (launch) a new product next month. 5.She ________ (explode) into laughter when she heard the joke. 6.We didn’t ________ (anticipate) such a huge success. 7.The data must be handled with ________ (accurate). 8.________ (inspire) by his story, I decided to work harder. 9.As a ________ (consequent) of his hard work, he passed the exam. 10.It wasn’t ________ midnight that he came back home. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法填空（14 空，每空 2 分，共 28 分） 改编自【2024 北京海淀高二期末语法填空（科技创新主题）】 Innovation is the key to progress. Many great 1 (invent) have changed the world. Most inventors are 2 (gift) in creativity and curiosity. If you 3 (be) an inventor, what would you create? Many inventions came about 4 accident. For example, penicillin 5 (discover) by Fleming in 1928. He noticed a blue mould in a dish, around 6 bacteria had been destroyed. As 7 consequence of his discovery, millions of lives 8 (save). It wasn’t 9 the 1940s that penicillin was widely used. 10 (inspire) by Fleming, many scientists have continued to explore. Next time you rely on an invention, 11 (be) grateful. Innovation requires hard work and 12 (persevere). We should preserve the spirit of innovation 13 encourage more people 14 (create). 二、完形填空（4 小题，每题 2 分，共 8 分） 题源：改编自【2023 北京西城高二期末完形填空（创新精神主题）】 Innovation is everywhere. It doesn’t require great talent, but curiosity and courage. Many inventions came from people who 15 to explore and try new things. Fleming was a scientist who 16 curiosity. He didn’t ignore the small details in his experiment. Instead, he 17 them carefully and made a great discovery. His story 18 us that innovation comes from careful observation and continuous exploration. A. refused B. dared C. feared D. forgot A. lacked B. valued C. wasted D. changed A. observed B. ignored C. broke D. hid A. discourages B. confuses C. reminds D. puzzles 三、句型改写（2 小题，每题 3 分，共 6 分） 选自【北师大版 Unit12 语法专项句型转换原题】 19. He didn’t realize the importance of innovation until he failed.（用 not...until 强调句改写） If he had worked harder, he would have succeeded.（用 without 含蓄虚拟改写） 四、汉译英（2 小题，每小题 4 分，共 8 分） 正是他的创新精神使他取得了巨大成功。 下次你使用智能手机时，想想它给我们的生活带来的变化。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、阅读理解（3 小题，每题 2 分，共 6 分） 1.（2022・北京高考） Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 二、微写作（5 分）（科技创新类，词数 40 词） Topic：What can we learn from great inventors? Requirements：词数 40 词；至少使用 3 个本单元核心短语 / 句型。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Unit 12（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握本单元创新与科技类核心词汇，辨析 “-ing/-ed”形容词、近义动词 / 名词（如 invent/discover、preserve/conserve）的用法。 2.熟练运用虚拟语气、强调句、as 引导状语从句、not...until 句型等核心句型，完成翻译、仿写与句型转换。 3.熟记单元核心名词、动词、短语及固定搭配，能在语境中辨析近义词、运用高频词组。 复习难点： 1.精准区分 “-ing/-ed” 结尾形容词（如 inspired/inspiring、amazed/amazing）的语境用法。 2.在完形、写作中灵活运用innovation、invention、discovery、preserve、launch等词及短语，表达创新、发明与保护。 3.掌握虚拟语气（if/without 含蓄虚拟）、as 引导多种状语从句、not...until 强调句的结构与用法。 4.区分invent/discover、preserve/conserve、launch/start等易混词的语境差异。 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.完形、语法填空侧重科技 / 创新类动词 / 名词、“情绪类形容词（-ing/-ed）”的语境辨析。 2.高频考查innovation、invent、discover、preserve、launch、explode、perceive、anticipate等核心词，以及range from...to...、single out、lead to、be gifted in、come about、be filled with、bury oneself in、make a discovery、as a consequence of等固定搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常考虚拟语气（if/without 含蓄虚拟）、as 引导状语从句、not...until 强调句的转换与仿写。 2.强调句、it 作形式主语、现在分词作结果状语是翻译、句式改写高频考点。 3.not only...but also... 倒装、next time 引导时间状语从句在书面表达中反复考查。 知识点1 innovation n. 创新，革新；新发明，新方法 1.technological innovation 技术创新 Technological innovation drives social progress. 技术创新推动社会进步。 2.innovate v. 创新，革新 Companies need to innovate to stay competitive. 企业需要创新以保持竞争力。 3.innovative adj. 创新的，革新的 He is an innovative designer with creative ideas. 他是一位有创意的创新设计师。 invent v. 发明，创造 invention n. 发明，创造 inventor n. 发明家 知识点2 invent vt. 发明，创造；虚构，编造 1.invent sth. 发明某物 Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. 托马斯・爱迪生发明了电灯泡。 2.invent a story/excuse 编造故事 / 借口 He invented an excuse for being late. 他为迟到编造了一个借口。 3.inventor n. 发明家；创造者 The inventor of the computer changed the world. 计算机的发明者改变了世界。 4.invention n. 发明；创造物；发明才能 The invention of the Internet has transformed our lives. 互联网的发明改变了我们的生活。 invent：发明（原本不存在的东西） discover：发现（原本存在但未被知晓的东西） The inventor made some technological innovations in his inventions. 这个发明家在他的发明中融入了科技创新。 知识点3 preserve vt. 保存，保护；腌制；维持；n. 蜜饯；保护区 1.preserve sth. from... 保护某物免受…… We should preserve the environment from pollution. 我们应该保护环境免受污染。 2.preserve food 保存食物 People use salt to preserve food in ancient times. 古代人们用盐来保存食物。 3.preserve cultural heritage 保护文化遗产 It’s our duty to preserve cultural heritage. 保护文化遗产是我们的责任。 4.preservation n. 保存；保护；维护 The preservation of ancient buildings is important. 古建筑的保护很重要。 preserve：保护（使完好无损，强调长期保存） conserve：节约；保护（强调合理使用，避免浪费） 知识点4 launch vt. 发射；发起，发动；推出（产品）；n. 发射；下水；上市 1.launch a satellite/rocket 发射卫星 / 火箭 China launched a new satellite into space last month. 中国上个月向太空发射了一颗新卫星。 2.launch a campaign 发起一场运动 The government launched a campaign against smoking. 政府发起了一场禁烟运动。 3.launch a new product 推出新产品 The company will launch a new smartphone next week. 该公司下周将推出一款新智能手机。 4.launch oneself into... 投身于…… He launched himself into his research after graduation. 毕业后他投身于研究工作。 知识点5 explode v. （使）爆炸；爆发；激增；勃然大怒 1.explode with anger 勃然大怒 He exploded with anger when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息后勃然大怒。 2.explode into laughter/tears 突然大笑 / 大哭 She exploded into tears when she saw the sad movie. 她看这部悲伤的电影时突然大哭起来。 3.explosion n. 爆炸；爆发；激增 The explosion of population has caused many problems. 人口激增导致了许多问题。 4.explosive adj. 爆炸的；爆发性的；易激动的 The situation in the area is highly explosive. 该地区的局势一触即发。 知识点6 perceive vt. 察觉，感知；意识到；认为，理解 1.perceive sth. 察觉 / 感知某物 We perceive the world through our senses. 我们通过感官感知世界。 2.perceive sb./sth. as... 认为某人 / 某物是…… He is perceived as a genius by his colleagues. 他被同事们视为天才。 3.perception n. 感知；看法；洞察力 His perception of the problem is different from mine. 他对这个问题的看法和我不同。 4.perceptive adj. 有洞察力的；敏锐的 She is a perceptive observer of human nature. 她是一位对人性有敏锐洞察力的观察者。 知识点7 anticipate vt. 预期，预料；预见；提前使用 1.anticipate sth. 预期 / 预料某事 We didn’t anticipate such a big success. 我们没预料到会这么成功。 2.anticipate doing sth. 预期做某事 He anticipates finishing the project ahead of time. 他预期提前完成这个项目。 3.anticipation n. 预期；预料；期待 In anticipation of your arrival, we have prepared a room. 期待你的到来，我们已经准备好了一个房间。 知识点8 gifted adj. 有天赋的；有才华的；天才的 1.be gifted in/at... 在…… 方面有天赋 She is gifted in music and has a beautiful voice. 她在音乐方面有天赋，嗓音优美。 2.be gifted with... 具有（某种天赋或特质） He is gifted with a good memory. 他天生记忆力好。 3.gift n. 天赋；才能；礼物 have a gift for对…有天赋 She has a gift for learning languages. 她有学习语言的天赋。 知识点9 constant adj. 持续的；不断的；恒定的；n. 常数；常量 1.constant temperature 恒温 The room is kept at a constant temperature of 25℃. 房间保持 25 摄氏度的恒温。 2.constant noise 持续的噪音 The constant noise from the traffic disturbed my sleep. 交通持续的噪音打扰了我的睡眠。 3.constantly adv. 持续地；不断地；经常地 He is constantly late for class. 他上课经常迟到。 知识点 10 accuracy n. 准确（性）；精确（程度） 1.high accuracy 高准确度 The new machine works with high accuracy. 这台新机器工作精度很高。 2.with accuracy 准确地；精确地 He can predict the weather with great accuracy. 他能非常准确地预测天气。 3.accurate adj. 准确的；精确的 The data provided by the sensor is accurate. 传感器提供的数据是准确的。 一、重点词汇 & 词性辨析（考点核心） 1.-ing/-ed 形容词（必考难点） inspire → inspired（人受鼓舞的）/inspiring（事物鼓舞人心的） amaze → amazed（人惊讶的）/amazing（事物令人惊讶的） astonish → astonished（人震惊的）/astonishing（事物令人震惊的） 2.易混近义单词 单词 含义 用法差异 launch 发射；发起；推出 正式、大型的开始 / 发布 start 开始；启动 普通的开始，通用 单词 含义 用法差异 invent 发明（创造新事物） 原本不存在，首次创造 discover 发现（找到已存在事物） 原本存在，未被知晓 preserve 保护；保存 强调长期完好保存 conserve 节约；保护 强调合理使用，避免浪费 3.一词多义高频词 explode：v. 爆炸；爆发；激增；勃然大怒 launch：v. 发射；发起；推出；n. 发射；上市 perceive：v. 察觉；意识到；认为 二、核心短语（完形 / 写作高频） 1.be gifted in/at 在…… 有天赋 2.range from...to... 范围从…… 到…… 3.single out 挑选出；单独选出 4.lead to 导致；引起 5.come about 发生；产生 6.be filled with 充满；装满 7.bury oneself in 专心致志于；埋头于 8.make a discovery 发现 9.as a consequence of 由于；因为 10.not...until 直到…… 才…… 三、重点句型（句型转换 / 翻译 / 写作考点） 1. 虚拟语气：if 引导非真实条件句（与现在 / 过去 / 将来事实相反） 教材原句（Lesson 1, P40）：If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real problem on your hands.（如果你必须选出 20 世纪最重要的一项发现，你会面临一个难题。） 句型结构： 与现在相反：If + 主语 + 过去式，主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形 与过去相反：If + 主语 + had done，主语 + would/could/should/might + have done 与将来相反：If + 主语 + should do/were to do / 过去式，主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形 解析：虚拟语气表示与事实不符或不可能实现的假设，此句为与现在事实相反的假设，had to 为过去式，主句用 would + 动词原形。 2. as 引导时间状语从句（当…… 的时候） 教材原句（Lesson 4, P46）：As the water boiled, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.（当水沸腾时，蒸汽使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。） 句型结构：As + 主语 + 谓语（时间状语从句），主句 解析：as 引导时间状语从句，强调主句和从句动作同时发生，意为 “当…… 的时候”；还可引导原因（由于）、方式（按照）、让步（虽然，倒装）、比较（as...as）状语从句。 3. not...until 的强调句型（It wasn’t until...that...） 教材原句（Lesson 4, P47）：...but it wasn’t until 1857 that a man called Elisha Otis designed and built a machine that used hydraulics to carry people between the floors of a building.（…… 但直到 1857 年，一个名叫伊莱沙・奥的斯的人才设计并制造出利用液压系统在建筑楼层间运送人员的机器。） 句型结构：It wasn’t until + 时间 / 状语 + that + 主句（正常语序） 解析：强调 not...until 句型中的时间状语，that 后的主句用正常语序，意为 “直到…… 才……”。 4. next time 引导时间状语从句（下次……） 教材原句（Lesson 4, P47）：Next time you rely on any of these inventions, be grateful and think about the science and imagination that have gone into them and how much they have changed our everyday life.（下次当你依赖其中任何一个发明时，要心存感激，想想它们所含有的科学和想象力，以及它们对我们的日常生活有多大的改变。） 句型结构：Next time + 主语 + 谓语（时间状语从句），主句 解析：next time 为连词化短语，引导时间状语从句，意为 “下次……”，类似的还有 every time、each time、the moment、the minute 等。 5. 强调句（It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who...） 教材原句（Lesson 1, P41）：It was Fleming’s curiosity and imagination that led to the discovery of penicillin.（正是弗莱明的好奇心和想象力促成了青霉素的发现。） 句型结构：It is/was + 被强调部分（主语 / 宾语 / 状语） + that/who + 主句剩余部分 解析：强调除谓语外的任何成分，that 可指人或物，who 仅指人；去掉 It is/was...that/who 后句子成分完整。 6. 现在分词作结果状语（主句，doing...） 教材原句（Lesson 2, P42）：He improved the design, making the machine more efficient.（他改进了设计，使机器效率更高。） 句型结构：主句，现在分词短语（表自然而然的结果） 解析：现在分词作结果状语，位于句末，表主句动作导致的自然结果，可改为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。 7. 定语从句（介词 + 关系代词） 教材原句（Lesson 1, P40）：He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.（他仔细检查了一下，发现盘子里有一层蓝霉菌，霉菌周围的细菌已经被消灭了。） 句型结构：先行词 + 介词 + 关系代词（which/whom） + 从句 解析：定语从句中，介词提前时，指物用 which，指人用 whom，不能用 that。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.He is ________ (gift) in music and has won many prizes. 2.The ________ (invent) of the Internet has changed the way we communicate. 3.We should ________ (preserve) the environment from pollution. 4.The company will ________ (launch) a new product next month. 5.She ________ (explode) into laughter when she heard the joke. 6.We didn’t ________ (anticipate) such a huge success. 7.The data must be handled with ________ (accurate). 8.________ (inspire) by his story, I decided to work harder. 9.As a ________ (consequent) of his hard work, he passed the exam. 10.It wasn’t ________ midnight that he came back home. 答案 & 解析 1.gifted（be gifted in 在…… 有天赋） 2.invention（the + 名词 + of，发明） 3.preserve（should + 动词原形，保护） 4.launch（will + 动词原形，推出） 5.exploded（一般过去时，突然大笑） 6.anticipate（didn’t + 动词原形，预料） 7.accuracy（with + 名词，准确地） 8.Inspired（过去分词作状语，受鼓舞） 9.consequence（as a consequence of 由于） 10.until（not...until 直到…… 才……） 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法填空（14 空，每空 2 分，共 28 分） 改编自【2024 北京海淀高二期末语法填空（科技创新主题）】 Innovation is the key to progress. Many great 1 (invent) have changed the world. Most inventors are 2 (gift) in creativity and curiosity. If you 3 (be) an inventor, what would you create? Many inventions came about 4 accident. For example, penicillin 5 (discover) by Fleming in 1928. He noticed a blue mould in a dish, around 6 bacteria had been destroyed. As 7 consequence of his discovery, millions of lives 8 (save). It wasn’t 9 the 1940s that penicillin was widely used. 10 (inspire) by Fleming, many scientists have continued to explore. Next time you rely on an invention, 11 (be) grateful. Innovation requires hard work and 12 (persevere). We should preserve the spirit of innovation 13 encourage more people 14 (create). 答案 & 解析 1.inventions（many + 复数名词，发明） 2.gifted（be gifted in 在…… 有天赋） 3.were（虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去式） 4.by（by accident 偶然地） 5.was discovered（一般过去时被动语态，被发现） 6.which（定语从句，介词 + which，指物） 7.a（as a consequence of 由于） 8.have been saved（现在完成时被动语态，已被拯救） 9.until（not...until 直到…… 才……） 10.Inspired（过去分词作状语，受鼓舞） 11.be（祈使句，用动词原形） 12.perseverance（and 连接并列名词，毅力） 13.and（并列连词，连接两个谓语） 14. to create（encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事） 二、完形填空（4 小题，每题 2 分，共 8 分） 题源：改编自【2023 北京西城高二期末完形填空（创新精神主题）】 Innovation is everywhere. It doesn’t require great talent, but curiosity and courage. Many inventions came from people who 15 to explore and try new things. Fleming was a scientist who 16 curiosity. He didn’t ignore the small details in his experiment. Instead, he 17 them carefully and made a great discovery. His story 18 us that innovation comes from careful observation and continuous exploration. A. refused B. dared C. feared D. forgot A. lacked B. valued C. wasted D. changed A. observed B. ignored C. broke D. hid A. discourages B. confuses C. reminds D. puzzles 答案 & 解析 15. B（dared 敢于，符合 “有勇气探索” 的语境） 16. B（valued 重视，弗莱明重视好奇心） 17. A（observed 观察，他仔细观察细节） 18. C（reminds 提醒，他的故事提醒我们创新源于观察） 三、句型改写（2 小题，每题 3 分，共 6 分） 选自【北师大版 Unit12 语法专项句型转换原题】 19. He didn’t realize the importance of innovation until he failed.（用 not...until 强调句改写） If he had worked harder, he would have succeeded.（用 without 含蓄虚拟改写） 答案 19. It wasn’t until he failed that he realized the importance of innovation. 20. Without his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded. 四、汉译英（2 小题，每小题 4 分，共 8 分） 正是他的创新精神使他取得了巨大成功。 下次你使用智能手机时，想想它给我们的生活带来的变化。 参考译文 21. It was his innovative spirit that led to his great success. 22. Next time you use a smartphone, think about the changes it has brought to our lives. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、阅读理解（3 小题，每题 2 分，共 6 分） 1.（2022・北京高考） Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had to be a better portable drink solution and decided to innovate from something he saw in his own home: fruit infused (浸泡) water. Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. “I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains. The bottle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allows the great tastes and natural sugars of the various fruits and vegetables you choose to come through the water, without any of the seeds or skins flowing through. Tom is proud of his design and excited to be selling the Fun Bottle on his website and in stores, but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG). Tom has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innovator remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give other entrepreneurial youth, he says, “Prepare and have your family’s support. It is important to know from the beginning that there are a lot of highs and lows, and there is no such thing as overnight success.” 40. What did Tom witness at his own school? 41. Where did Tom get the idea for the original model for the Fun Bottle? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. 43. Among Tom’s qualities, which one(s) do you think will be important for us? Why?(In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 41. Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 42. Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 43. I think the quality of perspicacity will be important, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tom witnessed the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids at his own school. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tom watched his mum make healthy fruit infusions ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ From observing his mum and from his desire to give kids better drink options, he came up with his original model for the Fun Bottle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bottle的原始模型。故答案为Tom got the idea from observing his mum make healthy fruit infusions but then struggle for a take-along option. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-old is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others. It helps to provide healthy alternatives to sugary drinks; and also Tom donates part of the profits to the Organisation for a Healthier Generation (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the profits”，应修改为“part of the profits”，故答案为Tom is most proud of the opportunities that Fun Bottle presents to others because he not only provides healthy alternatives to sugary drinks but also donates all the profits to the OHG. Tom donates part of the profits to the OHG. 【43题详解】 开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom, a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his own school the widespread consumption of sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted to come up with a healthy, natural way for people to drink when on the go. A big part of my mission is to get people of all ages off sugary drinks,” Tom explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality of perspicacity im is portant, because this insight can help us constantly find our own shortcomings in our lives, which in turn can help us improve ourselves.(31) 二、微写作（5 分）（科技创新类，词数 40 词） Topic：What can we learn from great inventors? Requirements：词数 40 词；至少使用 3 个本单元核心短语 / 句型。 参考范文 Great inventors inspire us greatly. We should be curious and dare to explore. Not only should we work hard, but we also need to preserve the spirit of innovation. Next time we meet difficulties, don’t give up.（词数：45） 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $