专题01 Unit 10（期末复习讲义）高二英语下学期北师大版

专题01 Unit 10（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握本单元描述情绪、状态、人际关系的形容词，辨析 - ing/-ed 形式形容词、近义形容词的词义与用法。 2.理解并熟练运用倒装句、主语从句、结果状语结构、固定情景句型等核心句型，完成翻译、仿写与句型转换。 3.熟记单元核心名词、动词、短语及固定搭配，能在语境中辨析近义词、运用高频词组。 复习难点： 1.精准区分并正确使用 -ing /-ed 结尾形容词（如 amazed/amazing、disturbed/disturbing、annoyed/annoying 等）。 2.在完形填空、书面表达中灵活运用 conflict、disagreement、friction、harmony 等词及相关短语，表达矛盾、分歧、冲突、和睦。 3.掌握 appeal 一词多义及搭配，区分 appeal to 不同含义；熟练掌握 as a consequence/consequently 表结果的句式用法。 4.掌握 adopt/adapt、conflict with/in conflict with 等易混词、易混短语的语境辨析。 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.完形、语法填空侧重情绪类形容词（-ing/-ed）、近义动词 / 名词在具体语境中的词义辨析。 2.高频考查 conflict, disagreement, envy, disturbance, debt, consequence, appeal 等核心词，以及 hang 系列短语、in debt、pay off debts、as a consequence of、agree to disagree 等固定搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常考查 Not only...but also... 部分倒装的句型转换、翻译与仿写。 2.主语从句（What made sb+adj. was that... / It is + adj. + that...）是翻译、句式改写高频考点。 3.现在分词作结果状语（leading to...）、much to one’s + n. （令某人…… 的是）句式反复出现。 知识点1 disagreement n. 意见不合；分歧，争论 1. in disagreement with 与……意见不合/不一致 My parents are in disagreement with me on my major at college. 我父母和我就我的大学专业有分歧。 2. agree with 同意（某人的看法）；适合，与……一致 I’m inclined to agree with you when it comes to family education. 当谈及家庭教育时，我倾向于同意你的看法。 3.disagree v. v. 与…意见不合 disagree to do sth 不同意做某事 Well, sometimes conflicts will come up, but never for very long. We always agree to disagree if we need to. 其实偶尔也会出现矛盾，但都不会持续太久。即便看法不一，我们也会求同存异、彼此包容。(P107) 相关词语积累 --ment（名词后缀）disagree v. 与…意见不合 disagree to do sth 不同意做某事 disagreement n. 意见不合；分歧，争论 -dis（否定前缀） -dis（否定前缀） agreement n. 同意 agree v. 同意 agree with 同意（某人的看法）；适合，与……一致 agree to 同意（计划，安排，建议等） agree on 就……达成一致（主语是双方或多方） agree to do sth 同意做某事 知识点2 It was quite simple. Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on. 事情其实很简单。我们没有待在公寓里暗自抱怨噪音，而是主动去到对方家中，跟他们说明噪音让我们十分困扰。对方随即道了歉，并表示往后会注意减小声响。 apologize/apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪 1. apologize/apologise to sb (for sth/for doing sth) （因某事/因做某事）向某人道歉 They apologized to us for much noise they made. 他们因制造的太多噪音向我们道歉。 2. apology n.道歉；辩白 make an apology to sb for sth因某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 accept one's apology接受某人的道歉　 They made an apology to us for making much noise. 他们因制造太多噪音向我们道歉。 相关词语积累 apology n. 歉意 make an apology to sb (for …) （因……）向某人道歉 apologize/apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪 apologize/apologise to sb (for sth/for doing sth) （因某事/因做某事）向某人道歉 知识点3 The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park.我最后拍照的人是我的妹妹黛西,是上周末我们在公园闲逛的时候照的。 1. hang out = hang about/around　闲待,厮混 When I hang out with my American friends，I’m always afraid to speak. 当我和美国朋友们闲逛闲聊时，我总是不敢开口说话。 (1) hang v. 悬挂,垂下(hang—hung—hung); 吊死,绞死 (hang—hanged—hanged) hang和其他副词组成的其他词组 词组及含义 例句 hang on to sth=hold on to sth紧紧抓住某物 It’s hard work，but if you hang on you’ll succeed in the end. 这份工作很辛苦，但只要你坚持下去，最终就会取得成功。 hang up 挂断电话 Someone called me up just now，but he hung up before I could answer the phone. 刚才有人给我打电话，可我还没来得及接听，对方就挂断了。 hang one’s head (因羞愧等)垂下头 He hung his head when he realized he had made a big mistake. 意识到自己犯了大错，他羞愧地低下了头。 知识点4 conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 1． be in conflict with...　　与……冲突 come into conflict with 与……发生冲突 Having disagreements with your parents does not necessarily mean you must come into conflict with them. 和父母有意见分歧，并不意味着你们一定会产生矛盾冲突。 2. have conflict with ...　　与……冲突 Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have conflicts with friends.当我们和朋友发生冲突时，设身处地为他们着想是非常重要的。 3. conflict vi. 冲突；抵触，相左 conflict with与……冲突/抵触　 His opinion often conflicts with his parents，as is often the case with teenagers. 他的想法常常和父母相悖，青少年大多都是如此。 知识点5 envy 1.envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌 envy sb (doing) sth 　羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example. 老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。 2. envy n. 羡慕，妒忌 with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地 out of envy 出于嫉妒 green with envy 非常嫉妒的；眼红的 3.envious adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的　 When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage，her colleagues looked at her with envy. 玛丽在台上主持晚会时，同事们都投去了羡慕的目光。 He saw the envious(envy)look in the other boy's eyes. 他看到了另一个男孩眼中流露的羡慕神色。 知识点6 disturb 1.disturb vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断 If you get up early，try not disturb everyone else.如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。 2. it disturbs sb to do sth做某事使某人不安 What disturbs me greatly to know is that I can't accompany you to the bookstore on time. 得知我不能按时陪你去书店，我心里感到很不安。 It disturbs me greatly to know that I can't accompany you to the bookstore on time. 得知我不能按时陪你去书店，我心里感到很不安。 3.disturbed adj. 心神不安的，心烦意乱的 be disturbed by 为……感到不安；被……打扰 She was disturbed by the strange sound at night.夜里奇怪的声响让她心神不宁。 4. disturbing adj. 令人不安的，引起烦恼的 What made me annoyed was that the disturbing noise outside completely disturbed my mind. 外面刺耳的噪音搅得我心烦意乱，这让我十分恼火。 5. disturbance n. 干扰；骚扰；心神不安　 (2021·北京卷)And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. 然而，预示着风波将至的种种迹象，往往会被人们忽视。 与人搭配时，不一定一定用disturbed, 要看是否是“令人烦的”disturbing，还是“感到烦恼的”disturbed。 知识点7 consequence 1.consequence n．后果 Our school launched an anti­food waste campaign last week to help raise students' awareness of food waste and the consequences it brings. 我们学校上周发起了一项反对食物浪费的运动，以帮助提高学生对食物浪费及其后果的意识。 as a consequence　因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故 As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired by the boss of the company. 由于他懒散懈怠，公司老板将他解雇了。 2.consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 The flood and its consequent damage affected thousands of families.洪水及其随之而来的灾害影响了数千个家庭。 3.consequently adv. 因此；结果　 Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas，leading to a slower growth. 因此，部分观众不再走进影院，致使票房增速放缓。 知识点8 amazement 1.amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇 Although many years have passed, I still shed tears in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me.尽管许多年过去了，我仍然为这只狗对我所表现出的爱和感激而惊讶地流泪。 2. to one's amazement 　　让某人惊讶的是 Much to my amazement，he was able to recite the whole point from amazing memory. 令我大为惊讶的是，他凭借惊人的记忆力把全部要点都背诵了下来。 3. amaze vt. 使惊讶 4. amazed adj. 惊奇的；惊喜的；惊讶的 be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 be amazed that... 对……吃惊 She stood beside her chair, amazed and embarrassed. 她站在椅子旁，又惊讶又窘迫。 5. amazing adj. 令人吃惊的　 It was amazing for me that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.(amazing) 这位老人倾尽所有资助当地学校，这让我深感震撼。 表示“使惊奇”的词语，由强到弱依次为： shock，astonish，amaze，surprise。 词义强度排序（由强→弱）：shock > astonish > amaze > surprise 核心区分： shock 震惊（含错愕、不悦、冲击感，程度最强） astonish 惊骇、愕然（因意外之事极度吃惊） amaze 惊叹、叹服（多因事物奇妙、出色而惊奇） surprise 意外、诧异（日常普通的吃惊，程度最弱） 1. shock /ʃɒk/v. 使震惊；使惊愕（强度最高） The terrible news shocked everyone present.这个噩耗让在场所有人都大为震惊。 2. astonish /əˈstɒnɪʃ/v. 使惊讶；使愕然 His sudden decision to quit astonished all his friends.他突然决定辞职，让所有朋友都愕然不已。 3. amaze /əˈmeɪz/v. 使惊奇；使惊叹 Her excellent performance amazed the whole audience.她精彩的表演令全场观众赞叹不已。 4. surprise /səˈpraɪz/v. 使意外；使吃惊（强度最低） The gift from my friend really surprised me.朋友送的这份礼物着实让我感到意外。 知识点9 appeal appeal vi. 有吸引力 vi.&vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉 1. appeal to呼吁；上诉 appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事 appeal to sb for sth为某事而向某人 I am writing to appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more beautiful school. 我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。 2.appeal to对……有吸引力，使……感兴趣 Not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture. 它不仅会吸引你，而且还能帮助你进一步了解中国传统文化。 3. appeal n.呼吁，恳求 make an appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事 Experts have made an appeal to parents to have strict control over online games that appeal to their children. 专家们呼吁家长严格管控那些吸引孩子的网络游戏。 4. appealing adj.有吸引力的，有趣的　 Harry Potter stories are so appealing that they encourage children to read more. 《哈利・波特》系列故事十分引人入胜，激励孩子们多读书。 知识点10 debt 1.debt n. 债务，欠款 2. in debt(to sb)欠(某人)债；受(某人) 恩惠 out of debt不欠债 New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt. 新生如今了解到，他们毕业时可能会背负高达 1.5 万英镑的债务。 3. owe sb a debt欠某人人情 You are so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe you．你对我太好了，我永远都还不清欠你的人情债。 4. get/run/fall into debt陷入债务危机 Your friend will get into debt if he keeps on spending money like that.你的朋友要是老那样花钱，总有一天要负债。 5. pay off debts还清债务　 Many people experience difficulty in paying off their debts. 许多人难以还清欠款。 （一）重点词汇 & 词性辨析（考点核心） 1. -ing /-ed 形容词（必考难点） amaze → amazed（人感到惊奇的）/amazing（事物令人惊奇的） disturb → disturbed（人不安的、受打扰的）/disturbing（事物令人烦躁的） annoy → annoyed（人恼怒的）/annoying（事物恼人的） 2. 易混近义单词 (1)conflict / disagreement / friction conflict：激烈冲突、矛盾（程度重） (2)disagreement：意见分歧（普通观点不合） friction：人际摩擦、不和 (3)adopt / adapt adopt：收养；采纳 adapt：（使）适应；改编 (4)consequent / consequently consequent (adj.) 随之而来的（修饰名词） consequently (adv.) 因此，所以（作状语） 3. 一词多义高频词 appeal v. 吸引；呼吁 搭配：appeal to sb 吸引某人；appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事 appealing (adj.) 吸引人的 （二）核心短语（完形 / 写作高频） 1.hang out 闲逛；相处 2.hang on 坚持；别挂断 3.hang up 挂断电话 4.conflict with = come into conflict with 与…… 冲突 5.in conflict with 与…… 相矛盾 6.have disagreements with sb 与某人有分歧 7.agree to disagree 求同存异 8.out of envy 出于嫉妒 / 羡慕 9.be envious of 羡慕 / 妒忌 10.as a consequence of = in consequence of 由于 11.as a consequence = consequently 因此 12.in debt 负债 13. pay off debts 还清债务 14. much to one’s amazement 令某人极为惊讶的是 （三）重点句型（句型转换 / 翻译 / 写作考点） 1. Not only...but also... 部分倒装（句首倒装，高频考点） not only 置于句首时，前半句用部分倒装，后半句语序不变。 结构： Not only + 助动词 / 情态动词 /be + 主语 + 谓语... , but also... Not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you learn about traditional culture. 它不仅会吸引你，还能帮你了解传统文化。 Not only did we talk calmly, but we also solved the problem finally. 我们不仅进行了平和的沟通，最终还解决了问题。 2.主语从句：What made sb + 情绪形容词 + was that... What made sb + 情绪形容词 + was that... 令某人…… 的是…… 多用于表达个人情绪、感受，写作、翻译常考。 What made me annoyed was that the noise disturbed my study. 让我恼火的是，噪音打扰了我的学习。 What made her amazed was that he could recite the whole text. 令她惊讶的是，他竟能背诵整篇文章。 3. It 作形式主语：It is + adj. + that 从句 it 代替后面真正的主语（that 从句），避免句子头重脚轻。 It was amazing that he devoted all his money to the school. 他把所有积蓄都捐给了这所学校，实在令人敬佩。 It is disturbing that conflicts often happen between parents and kids. 亲子之间频繁产生矛盾，这让人很困扰。 4. 现在分词作结果状语：主句，leading to... 现在分词短语置于句末，表自然而然的结果。 Some viewers turned away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. 不少观众不再去影院，致使行业增速放缓。 He refused to communicate, leading to more disagreements. 他拒绝沟通，进而引发了更多分歧。 5. much to one’s + 抽象名词 （令某人…… 的是） 常用名词：amazement / annoyance / surprise Much to my amazement, he finished the task in such a short time. 令我大为惊讶的是，他在这么短的时间内就完成了任务。 Much to my annoyance, someone hung up on me suddenly. 有人突然挂断了我的电话，这让我十分恼火。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.Much to my ______ (amaze), he solved the difficult problem in minutes. 2.The ______ (disturb) noise outside made me feel ______ (disturb). 3.It is ______ (annoy) that my neighbour always makes loud noise late at night. 4.His opinion often ______ (conflict) with his parents’ ideas. 5.Experts appealed to parents ______ (control) children’s screen time strictly. 6.Many college students graduate ______ heavy debt nowadays. 7.As a consequence ______ his carelessness, he failed the exam. 8.The little boy hung ______ his head when he was criticized. 9.We can have different views and agree ______ (disagree) peacefully. 10. The movie is so ______ (appeal) that many teenagers go to watch it again. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法填空（14 空，每空2分，共 28分） 改编自【2024 北京东城高二期末语法填空（亲子沟通主题）】 Nowadays, conflicts between teenagers and parents are quite common. Many teenagers feel 1 (annoy) when their parents limit their freedom. 2 (fortunate), most of these disagreements won’t last long. Much to my 3 (amaze), my family always deals with problems properly. Instead of 4 (shout) at each other, we choose to communicate calmly. Once, the noise from our neighbour’s flat 5 (disturb) us a lot. My mother went to talk with them. They apologised and promised 6 (make) less noise from then on. As a consequence 7 good communication, we seldom fall into conflict. Not only 8 we understand each other better, 9 we also learn to respect different opinions. We know that everyone may have different ideas, and it’s okay 10 (agree) to disagree. Some students leave school 11 debt because of expensive education. This problem also 12 (appeal) to the government to take action. We believe more practical policies 13 (carry) out soon, 14 (lead) to a brighter future for young people. 二、完形填空（4 小题，每题2分，共 8分） 题源：改编自【2023 北京朝阳高二期末完形填空（家庭相处主题）】 It is normal to have disagreements with family members. These small 15 will not hurt your relationship if you deal with them wisely. Never let anger control you, or you will be 16 by your bad mood. My elder sister and I once argued about our hobbies. Her taste in music 17 with mine. At first, we refused to talk. Later, we sat down and shared our thoughts. Finally, we learned to 18 different views. 15. A. conflicts B. hobbies C. dreams D. secrets 16. A. amazed B. disturbed C. appealing D. envious 17. A. agreed B. connected C. conflicted D. compared 18. A. refuse B. accept C. avoid D. ignore 三、句型改写（2 小题，每题 3 分，共 6 分） 选自【北师大版 Unit10 语法专项句型转换原题】 19. It is amazing that he can finish the task alone.（用 much to one’s amazement 改写） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 20. The bad weather caused the traffic jam.（用现在分词作结果状语改写） The weather was bad, ___________________________________________ 四、汉译英（2 小题，每小题4分，共 8 分） 21. 他的行为常常与规则相悖。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 22. 因此，越来越多的人呼吁大家友好相处。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、阅读理解（3 小题，每题 2 分，共 6 分） 1.（2025·北京高考） Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 28．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 29．What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 30．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 二、微写作（5 分） （人际沟通类，词数 40 词） How can you deal with the conflict with your family or friends? 要求：词数 40词；至少使用 3 个本单元核心短语 / 句型。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Unit 10（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1.掌握本单元描述情绪、状态、人际关系的形容词，辨析 - ing/-ed 形式形容词、近义形容词的词义与用法。 2.理解并熟练运用倒装句、主语从句、结果状语结构、固定情景句型等核心句型，完成翻译、仿写与句型转换。 3.熟记单元核心名词、动词、短语及固定搭配，能在语境中辨析近义词、运用高频词组。 复习难点： 1.精准区分并正确使用 -ing /-ed 结尾形容词（如 amazed/amazing、disturbed/disturbing、annoyed/annoying 等）。 2.在完形填空、书面表达中灵活运用 conflict、disagreement、friction、harmony 等词及相关短语，表达矛盾、分歧、冲突、和睦。 3.掌握 appeal 一词多义及搭配，区分 appeal to 不同含义；熟练掌握 as a consequence/consequently 表结果的句式用法。 4.掌握 adopt/adapt、conflict with/in conflict with 等易混词、易混短语的语境辨析。 考情规律 词汇运用： 1.完形、语法填空侧重情绪类形容词（-ing/-ed）、近义动词 / 名词在具体语境中的词义辨析。 2.高频考查 conflict, disagreement, envy, disturbance, debt, consequence, appeal 等核心词，以及 hang 系列短语、in debt、pay off debts、as a consequence of、agree to disagree 等固定搭配。 句型转换/翻译： 1.常考查 Not only...but also... 部分倒装的句型转换、翻译与仿写。 2.主语从句（What made sb+adj. was that... / It is + adj. + that...）是翻译、句式改写高频考点。 3.现在分词作结果状语（leading to...）、much to one’s + n. （令某人…… 的是）句式反复出现。 知识点1 disagreement n. 意见不合；分歧，争论 1. in disagreement with 与……意见不合/不一致 My parents are in disagreement with me on my major at college. 我父母和我就我的大学专业有分歧。 2. agree with 同意（某人的看法）；适合，与……一致 I’m inclined to agree with you when it comes to family education. 当谈及家庭教育时，我倾向于同意你的看法。 3.disagree v. v. 与…意见不合 disagree to do sth 不同意做某事 Well, sometimes conflicts will come up, but never for very long. We always agree to disagree if we need to. 其实偶尔也会出现矛盾，但都不会持续太久。即便看法不一，我们也会求同存异、彼此包容。(P107) 相关词语积累 --ment（名词后缀）disagree v. 与…意见不合 disagree to do sth 不同意做某事 disagreement n. 意见不合；分歧，争论 -dis（否定前缀） -dis（否定前缀） agreement n. 同意 agree v. 同意 agree with 同意（某人的看法）；适合，与……一致 agree to 同意（计划，安排，建议等） agree on 就……达成一致（主语是双方或多方） agree to do sth 同意做某事 知识点2 It was quite simple. Instead of staying in our flat, feeling angry about the noise, we went over to their flat, told them how unhappy the noise was making us and they apologised and said they would make less noise from then on. 事情其实很简单。我们没有待在公寓里暗自抱怨噪音，而是主动去到对方家中，跟他们说明噪音让我们十分困扰。对方随即道了歉，并表示往后会注意减小声响。 apologize/apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪 1. apologize/apologise to sb (for sth/for doing sth) （因某事/因做某事）向某人道歉 They apologized to us for much noise they made. 他们因制造的太多噪音向我们道歉。 2. apology n.道歉；辩白 make an apology to sb for sth因某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 accept one's apology接受某人的道歉　 They made an apology to us for making much noise. 他们因制造太多噪音向我们道歉。 相关词语积累 apology n. 歉意 make an apology to sb (for …) （因……）向某人道歉 apologize/apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪 apologize/apologise to sb (for sth/for doing sth) （因某事/因做某事）向某人道歉 知识点3 The last person I took a photo of was my sister Daisy when we were hanging out last weekend at the park.我最后拍照的人是我的妹妹黛西,是上周末我们在公园闲逛的时候照的。 1. hang out = hang about/around　闲待,厮混 When I hang out with my American friends，I’m always afraid to speak. 当我和美国朋友们闲逛闲聊时，我总是不敢开口说话。 (1) hang v. 悬挂,垂下(hang—hung—hung); 吊死,绞死 (hang—hanged—hanged) hang和其他副词组成的其他词组 词组及含义 例句 hang on to sth=hold on to sth紧紧抓住某物 It’s hard work，but if you hang on you’ll succeed in the end. 这份工作很辛苦，但只要你坚持下去，最终就会取得成功。 hang up 挂断电话 Someone called me up just now，but he hung up before I could answer the phone. 刚才有人给我打电话，可我还没来得及接听，对方就挂断了。 hang one’s head (因羞愧等)垂下头 He hung his head when he realized he had made a big mistake. 意识到自己犯了大错，他羞愧地低下了头。 知识点4 conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 1． be in conflict with...　　与……冲突 come into conflict with 与……发生冲突 Having disagreements with your parents does not necessarily mean you must come into conflict with them. 和父母有意见分歧，并不意味着你们一定会产生矛盾冲突。 2. have conflict with ...　　与……冲突 Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great importance when we have conflicts with friends.当我们和朋友发生冲突时，设身处地为他们着想是非常重要的。 3. conflict vi. 冲突；抵触，相左 conflict with与……冲突/抵触　 His opinion often conflicts with his parents，as is often the case with teenagers. 他的想法常常和父母相悖，青少年大多都是如此。 知识点5 envy 1.envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌 envy sb (doing) sth 　羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example. 老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。 2. envy n. 羡慕，妒忌 with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地 out of envy 出于嫉妒 green with envy 非常嫉妒的；眼红的 3.envious adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的　 When Mary conducted the evening party on the stage，her colleagues looked at her with envy. 玛丽在台上主持晚会时，同事们都投去了羡慕的目光。 He saw the envious(envy)look in the other boy's eyes. 他看到了另一个男孩眼中流露的羡慕神色。 知识点6 disturb 1.disturb vt. 干扰，打扰，使中断 If you get up early，try not disturb everyone else.如果你起得早，尽量不要打扰别人。 2. it disturbs sb to do sth做某事使某人不安 What disturbs me greatly to know is that I can't accompany you to the bookstore on time. 得知我不能按时陪你去书店，我心里感到很不安。 It disturbs me greatly to know that I can't accompany you to the bookstore on time. 得知我不能按时陪你去书店，我心里感到很不安。 3.disturbed adj. 心神不安的，心烦意乱的 be disturbed by 为……感到不安；被……打扰 She was disturbed by the strange sound at night.夜里奇怪的声响让她心神不宁。 4. disturbing adj. 令人不安的，引起烦恼的 What made me annoyed was that the disturbing noise outside completely disturbed my mind. 外面刺耳的噪音搅得我心烦意乱，这让我十分恼火。 5. disturbance n. 干扰；骚扰；心神不安　 (2021·北京卷)And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. 然而，预示着风波将至的种种迹象，往往会被人们忽视。 与人搭配时，不一定一定用disturbed, 要看是否是“令人烦的”disturbing，还是“感到烦恼的”disturbed。 知识点7 consequence 1.consequence n．后果 Our school launched an anti­food waste campaign last week to help raise students' awareness of food waste and the consequences it brings. 我们学校上周发起了一项反对食物浪费的运动，以帮助提高学生对食物浪费及其后果的意识。 as a consequence　因此；结果 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故 As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired by the boss of the company. 由于他懒散懈怠，公司老板将他解雇了。 2.consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的 The flood and its consequent damage affected thousands of families.洪水及其随之而来的灾害影响了数千个家庭。 3.consequently adv. 因此；结果　 Consequently，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas，leading to a slower growth. 因此，部分观众不再走进影院，致使票房增速放缓。 知识点8 amazement 1.amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇 Although many years have passed, I still shed tears in amazement at the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me.尽管许多年过去了，我仍然为这只狗对我所表现出的爱和感激而惊讶地流泪。 2. to one's amazement 　　让某人惊讶的是 Much to my amazement，he was able to recite the whole point from amazing memory. 令我大为惊讶的是，他凭借惊人的记忆力把全部要点都背诵了下来。 3. amaze vt. 使惊讶 4. amazed adj. 惊奇的；惊喜的；惊讶的 be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 be amazed that... 对……吃惊 She stood beside her chair, amazed and embarrassed. 她站在椅子旁，又惊讶又窘迫。 5. amazing adj. 令人吃惊的　 It was amazing for me that the old man devoted all his money to supporting the local school.(amazing) 这位老人倾尽所有资助当地学校，这让我深感震撼。 表示“使惊奇”的词语，由强到弱依次为： shock，astonish，amaze，surprise。 词义强度排序（由强→弱）：shock > astonish > amaze > surprise 核心区分： shock 震惊（含错愕、不悦、冲击感，程度最强） astonish 惊骇、愕然（因意外之事极度吃惊） amaze 惊叹、叹服（多因事物奇妙、出色而惊奇） surprise 意外、诧异（日常普通的吃惊，程度最弱） 1. shock /ʃɒk/v. 使震惊；使惊愕（强度最高） The terrible news shocked everyone present.这个噩耗让在场所有人都大为震惊。 2. astonish /əˈstɒnɪʃ/v. 使惊讶；使愕然 His sudden decision to quit astonished all his friends.他突然决定辞职，让所有朋友都愕然不已。 3. amaze /əˈmeɪz/v. 使惊奇；使惊叹 Her excellent performance amazed the whole audience.她精彩的表演令全场观众赞叹不已。 4. surprise /səˈpraɪz/v. 使意外；使吃惊（强度最低） The gift from my friend really surprised me.朋友送的这份礼物着实让我感到意外。 知识点9 appeal appeal vi. 有吸引力 vi.&vt. 呼吁，恳请；上诉 1. appeal to呼吁；上诉 appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事 appeal to sb for sth为某事而向某人 I am writing to appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more beautiful school. 我写信是为了呼吁大家积极参与建设一所更加美丽的学校。 2.appeal to对……有吸引力，使……感兴趣 Not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture. 它不仅会吸引你，而且还能帮助你进一步了解中国传统文化。 3. appeal n.呼吁，恳求 make an appeal to sb for sth 为某事向某人呼吁或请求 make an appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事 Experts have made an appeal to parents to have strict control over online games that appeal to their children. 专家们呼吁家长严格管控那些吸引孩子的网络游戏。 4. appealing adj.有吸引力的，有趣的　 Harry Potter stories are so appealing that they encourage children to read more. 《哈利・波特》系列故事十分引人入胜，激励孩子们多读书。 知识点10 debt 1.debt n. 债务，欠款 2. in debt(to sb)欠(某人)债；受(某人) 恩惠 out of debt不欠债 New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt. 新生如今了解到，他们毕业时可能会背负高达 1.5 万英镑的债务。 3. owe sb a debt欠某人人情 You are so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe you．你对我太好了，我永远都还不清欠你的人情债。 4. get/run/fall into debt陷入债务危机 Your friend will get into debt if he keeps on spending money like that.你的朋友要是老那样花钱，总有一天要负债。 5. pay off debts还清债务　 Many people experience difficulty in paying off their debts. 许多人难以还清欠款。 （一）重点词汇 & 词性辨析（考点核心） 1. -ing /-ed 形容词（必考难点） amaze → amazed（人感到惊奇的）/amazing（事物令人惊奇的） disturb → disturbed（人不安的、受打扰的）/disturbing（事物令人烦躁的） annoy → annoyed（人恼怒的）/annoying（事物恼人的） 2. 易混近义单词 (1)conflict / disagreement / friction conflict：激烈冲突、矛盾（程度重） (2)disagreement：意见分歧（普通观点不合） friction：人际摩擦、不和 (3)adopt / adapt adopt：收养；采纳 adapt：（使）适应；改编 (4)consequent / consequently consequent (adj.) 随之而来的（修饰名词） consequently (adv.) 因此，所以（作状语） 3. 一词多义高频词 appeal v. 吸引；呼吁 搭配：appeal to sb 吸引某人；appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事 appealing (adj.) 吸引人的 （二）核心短语（完形 / 写作高频） 1.hang out 闲逛；相处 2.hang on 坚持；别挂断 3.hang up 挂断电话 4.conflict with = come into conflict with 与…… 冲突 5.in conflict with 与…… 相矛盾 6.have disagreements with sb 与某人有分歧 7.agree to disagree 求同存异 8.out of envy 出于嫉妒 / 羡慕 9.be envious of 羡慕 / 妒忌 10.as a consequence of = in consequence of 由于 11.as a consequence = consequently 因此 12.in debt 负债 13. pay off debts 还清债务 14. much to one’s amazement 令某人极为惊讶的是 （三）重点句型（句型转换 / 翻译 / 写作考点） 1. Not only...but also... 部分倒装（句首倒装，高频考点） not only 置于句首时，前半句用部分倒装，后半句语序不变。 结构： Not only + 助动词 / 情态动词 /be + 主语 + 谓语... , but also... Not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you learn about traditional culture. 它不仅会吸引你，还能帮你了解传统文化。 Not only did we talk calmly, but we also solved the problem finally. 我们不仅进行了平和的沟通，最终还解决了问题。 2.主语从句：What made sb + 情绪形容词 + was that... What made sb + 情绪形容词 + was that... 令某人…… 的是…… 多用于表达个人情绪、感受，写作、翻译常考。 What made me annoyed was that the noise disturbed my study. 让我恼火的是，噪音打扰了我的学习。 What made her amazed was that he could recite the whole text. 令她惊讶的是，他竟能背诵整篇文章。 3. It 作形式主语：It is + adj. + that 从句 it 代替后面真正的主语（that 从句），避免句子头重脚轻。 It was amazing that he devoted all his money to the school. 他把所有积蓄都捐给了这所学校，实在令人敬佩。 It is disturbing that conflicts often happen between parents and kids. 亲子之间频繁产生矛盾，这让人很困扰。 4. 现在分词作结果状语：主句，leading to... 现在分词短语置于句末，表自然而然的结果。 Some viewers turned away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth. 不少观众不再去影院，致使行业增速放缓。 He refused to communicate, leading to more disagreements. 他拒绝沟通，进而引发了更多分歧。 5. much to one’s + 抽象名词 （令某人…… 的是） 常用名词：amazement / annoyance / surprise Much to my amazement, he finished the task in such a short time. 令我大为惊讶的是，他在这么短的时间内就完成了任务。 Much to my annoyance, someone hung up on me suddenly. 有人突然挂断了我的电话，这让我十分恼火。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 1.Much to my ______ (amaze), he solved the difficult problem in minutes. 2.The ______ (disturb) noise outside made me feel ______ (disturb). 3.It is ______ (annoy) that my neighbour always makes loud noise late at night. 4.His opinion often ______ (conflict) with his parents’ ideas. 5.Experts appealed to parents ______ (control) children’s screen time strictly. 6.Many college students graduate ______ heavy debt nowadays. 7.As a consequence ______ his carelessness, he failed the exam. 8.The little boy hung ______ his head when he was criticized. 9.We can have different views and agree ______ (disagree) peacefully. 10. The movie is so ______ (appeal) that many teenagers go to watch it again. 答案 & 解析 1.amazement 解析：固定搭配 much to one’s + 名词，amaze 名词形式为 amazement。 2.disturbing; disturbed 解析：disturbing 修饰事物 “令人烦躁的”；disturbed 修饰人 “感到不安的”。 3.annoying 解析：It is + 形容词 (+ing) + that 从句，描述事物 “令人恼火的”。 4.conflicts 解析：主语为单数，一般现在时，谓语动词用三单。 5.to control 解析：固定搭配 appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事。 6.in 解析：固定短语 in debt 负债。 7.of 解析：固定短语 as a consequence of 由于。 8.down 解析：固定短语 hang down one’s head 低下头。 9.to disagree 解析：固定短语 agree to disagree 求同存异。 10.appealing 解析：so + 形容词，appeal 形容词形式 appealing “吸引人的”。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、语法填空（14 空，每空2分，共 28分） 改编自【2024 北京东城高二期末语法填空（亲子沟通主题）】 Nowadays, conflicts between teenagers and parents are quite common. Many teenagers feel 1 (annoy) when their parents limit their freedom. 2 (fortunate), most of these disagreements won’t last long. Much to my 3 (amaze), my family always deals with problems properly. Instead of 4 (shout) at each other, we choose to communicate calmly. Once, the noise from our neighbour’s flat 5 (disturb) us a lot. My mother went to talk with them. They apologised and promised 6 (make) less noise from then on. As a consequence 7 good communication, we seldom fall into conflict. Not only 8 we understand each other better, 9 we also learn to respect different opinions. We know that everyone may have different ideas, and it’s okay 10 (agree) to disagree. Some students leave school 11 debt because of expensive education. This problem also 12 (appeal) to the government to take action. We believe more practical policies 13 (carry) out soon, 14 (lead) to a brighter future for young people. 答案 & 解析 1.annoyed（人感到恼怒） 2. Fortunately（副词作状语，句首大写） 3.amazement（固定搭配） 4. shouting（instead of + 动名词） 5.disturbed（一般过去时） 6. to make（promise to do） 7.of（固定短语） 8. do（Not only 倒装，实义动词借助 do） 8.but（not only...but also...） 10. to agree（it 作形式主语） 9.in（in debt 负债） 12. appeals（主语单数，一般现在时） 10.will be carried（一般将来时被动语态） 14. leading（结果状语） 二、完形填空（4 小题，每题2分，共 8分） 题源：改编自【2023 北京朝阳高二期末完形填空（家庭相处主题）】 It is normal to have disagreements with family members. These small 15 will not hurt your relationship if you deal with them wisely. Never let anger control you, or you will be 16 by your bad mood. My elder sister and I once argued about our hobbies. Her taste in music 17 with mine. At first, we refused to talk. Later, we sat down and shared our thoughts. Finally, we learned to 18 different views. 15. A. conflicts B. hobbies C. dreams D. secrets 16. A. amazed B. disturbed C. appealing D. envious 17. A. agreed B. connected C. conflicted D. compared 18. A. refuse B. accept C. avoid D. ignore 答案 & 解析 A 解析：前文提到分歧，此处指 “小矛盾”。 B 解析：disturbed 感到心绪不宁，符合语境。 C 解析：conflict with 与…… 相悖、不一致。 B 解析：最终学会接纳不同观点。 三、句型改写（2 小题，每题 3 分，共 6 分） 选自【北师大版 Unit10 语法专项句型转换原题】 19. It is amazing that he can finish the task alone.（用 much to one’s amazement 改写） ______________________________________________________________________________________ 20. The bad weather caused the traffic jam.（用现在分词作结果状语改写） The weather was bad, ___________________________________________ 答案 Much to our amazement, he can finish the task alone. leading to the traffic jam 四、汉译英（2 小题，每小题4分，共 8 分） 21. 他的行为常常与规则相悖。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 22. 因此，越来越多的人呼吁大家友好相处。 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 参考译文 His behaviour often conflicts with the rules. Consequently, more and more people appeal to everyone to get along well. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、阅读理解（3 小题，每题 2 分，共 6 分） 1.（2025·北京高考） Not too long ago, on a cold winter night, there was a teenager who wanted more screen time and a parent who said no. The teenager was advocating for her right to scroll (翻屏) for an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that none of her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 o’clock. “I thought, in this family, we don’t compare ourselves with other people, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — who was me, by the way — just got served. Since they were young, I have told my kids not to compare themselves with other people. I have argued countless times that comparisons are the “thief of joy”. Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is to repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. The social comparisons we make — ones that lead us to feel good or bad about ourselves — are vital to our ability to thrive (成长). Science provides a guide we can use to harness the way we perform these comparisons to reduce their negative emotional impacts. Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation, for example, “If they can achieve that, so can I.” Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar circumstances, or it can draw out feelings of gratitude and appreciation if you use that comparison to broaden your views — for example, “Wow, things could be much worse; I’m doing great.” What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. How we feel about ourselves rests not just on whom we compare ourselves with but also on how we think about that comparison. That’s something we all have control over. 28．How did the author feel about his daughter’s argument? A．Excited. B．Inspired. C．Energized. D．Relieved. 29．What does the word “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Major achievements. B．Complex feelings. C．Significant impacts. D．Fine differences. 30．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Become a Healthy Habit B．Comparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties C．Social Comparisons Can Get Us into Emotional Trouble D．Social Comparisons Can Be Controlled by Science 【答案】28．B 29．D 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和女儿关于能否延长看屏幕时间的争论，引出对社会比较这一观念的思考，指出并非所有社会比较都不健康，若理解其原理，可加以利用促进自我提升。 28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Although my daughter didn’t win, she did help expose one of the worst pieces of advice I have ever given. (虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。)” 以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。 29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all done before, which is repeat received wisdom without exploring the nuances. But now is the time to set the record straight, which starts with questioning the idea that all social comparison is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。 30．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Social comparisons do, of course, often get us into emotional trouble. But they can be harnessed (利用) for our betterment if we understand how they work. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Comparing yourself with someone who is outperforming you could result in feelings of envy if you focus on the things they have and you don’t, or it can be energizing and inspiring if you use these comparisons as a source of motivation (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。 二、微写作（5 分） （人际沟通类，词数 40 词） How can you deal with the conflict with your family or friends? 要求：词数 40词；至少使用 3 个本单元核心短语 / 句型。 参考范文: Conflicts with family members are common. We should never refuse to talk, which will lead to more problems. Not only should we stay calm, but we also need to listen patiently. Learn to agree to disagree, and we will get along much better.（词数：43） When disagreements come up with parents, keep calm first. Poor communication may lead to serious friction. We can express our ideas politely. Not only can we understand each other, but we will also build a warmer family relationship.（词数：38） 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $