Unit1 Nature in the balance 单元同步知识点 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册

该高中英语必修三Unit 1导学案聚焦Reading与Extended reading模块，涵盖核心词汇（如harm、length）、语法（如“介词+关系代词”定语从句、with复合结构）及短语（如in turn、break down），通过原文例句、词缀归纳（-ful/-less等）、高考范例搭建从基础到应用的学习支架，衔接新旧知识。 资料特色在于系统性词缀拓展（如harm衍生harmful/harmless）、语法深度解析（结合高考真题）及名校期中/期末习题设计，助力学生提升语言能力（词汇语法应用）、思维品质（词义辨析如damage/destroy）与学习能力（自主归纳词缀规则），高效夯实基础。

必修三Unit 1 必修三U1【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. harm /hɑːm/ n. & vt. 伤害，损害 原文：The human race has done much harm. 【变形】 harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 -ful a. 有……的 充满……的 mercy-merciful仁慈的； doubt-doubtful 怀疑的； peace-peaceful 和平的； plenty- plentiful充足的； awe-awful糟糕的；[footnoteRef:2] [2: terrible] faith-faithful忠实的；[footnoteRef:3] [3: loyal/dutiful] rest-restful闲适宁静的； grace-graceful优雅的； thought-thoughtful考虑周到的；[footnoteRef:4] [4: considerate considerable相当大的，相当重要的；（人）显要的，值得尊敬的] fate-fateful命中注定的； fear-fearful可怕的；[footnoteRef:5] [5: horrible可怕的，令人恐惧的；糟糕的，讨厌的；不友好的/terrified非常害怕的，极度惊恐的] resource-resourceful资源丰富的； respect-respectful恭敬的； skill-skillful熟练的； sorrow-sorrowful悲伤的；[footnoteRef:6] [6: sb. sink/drown/immerse in deep sorrow 【be sunk/drowned/immersed in】] tear-tearful含泪的； n. 满，量 handful 一把 (hand 手) spoonful 一勺的量 (spoon 勺子) mouthful 一口 (mouth 嘴) 补充词缀[-less] -less a. 没有……的 不……的 无……的 (-ful的反义后缀) penny- penniless身无分文的；spot- spotless非常干净的； self- selfless无私的； aim-aimless无目标的； wire- wireless无线的；limit- limitless无限的；[footnoteRef:7] [7: limitation n.限制] price- priceless珍贵的；无价的； value-valueless毫无价值的[footnoteRef:8]；worth-worthless [8: invaluable a.珍贵的] speech- speechless无语的； breath- breathless上气不接下气的；[footnoteRef:9] [9: breathe life into..注入活力；给...带来起色 out of breath] fruit-fruitless 无成效的；regret-regretless无悔的； rest-restless躁动不安的；grace-graceless粗鲁的； thought-thoughtless不周到的；pain-painless不痛的； 【拓展】 ★do harm to 对……有害 do increasing harm to cause harm to... 对……造成危害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事并无害处。 ★be harmful to... 对……有害 【高考范例】 ◎Many people suspect1 that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment. 许多人怀疑，每年冬天使用的岩盐正在破坏环境。 ◎The chemical[footnoteRef:10] washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away soil. 化学物质冲洗道路并渗入地下。它会污染饮用水，危害植物，并侵蚀土壤。 [10: chemist n.药剂师；化学家 chemistry n.化学] ◎Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究能够合理支持的范围，但总体而言，公众的影响是利大于弊的。 sus- (该前缀是sub-的变体) 在……下面，从暗中 suspect 怀疑 (spect 看) suspicious 可疑的，多疑的 (spic 看) sustain 维持，支撑 (tain 拿住，保持) susceptible 易受影响的，容易受感染的 (cept 拿) 悬挂 suspend 悬挂，暂停 (pend 悬挂) suspense 悬念 (pense是pend的名词形式) pect词根 看”或“观看” aspect方面，方向，形势，外观 respect尊重 inspect视察 spectacle景象 “抓”、“拿”、“采摘 expect期待，预料 except除去，除了 excerpt摘录，选段 【习题】 【2025附中高二上期中】It’s worth noting that spending time alone doesn’t have to have a _________________ (harm) impact[footnoteRef:11] on your social life. This is because spending time in solitude helps people develop the skills they need to regulate[footnoteRef:12] their own emotions. [11: have a long-lasting effect on 对...长期影响] [12: regular a 日常的] harmful 【2025长郡高二上期中】Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be____________ (harm). Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions[footnoteRef:13] and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. [13: interact with和...交流 make eye contact with sb.与某人进行眼神交流] harmful 【2024附中一中高二上期中】Single-use plastic is one of the biggest things ____________ (harm) Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. harming 【2024长郡高二上期末】 In addition, drones cause much trouble for airlines as some of them fly near airports, ____________(pose)a threat to planes that are taking off or landing. Another risk is ____________people might take advantage of drones to harm others. posing that 2. length /leŋθ/ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长 原文：The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 【变形】 lengthen vt. 使延长；加长 vi. 延长；变长 long adj.长的 en- v 使... 使…加上 使…进入 able→enable（使能够） dear→endear（使受喜欢） large→enlarge（扩大） noble→ennoble（使高贵，抬高） rich→enrich（使富有，丰富） -en adj 加... 使...变... black→blacken quick→quicken soft→soften hard→harden adj比较级 less→lessen（减少） worse→worsen（恶化） -en v. 加... 使... haste→hasten（加速，催促） fright→frighten（使惊吓） strength→strengthen（加强，提高） height→heighten（提高） 【拓展】 in length 长度 at length 最后，终于；详细地 at arm's length 疏远；在手臂伸得到的地方 【高考范例】 ◎The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. 华盛顿贝尔维尤的工坊大道上的交通信号灯通常不会连续两次发出相同长度的绿灯，尤其是在交通高峰期。 ◎One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it. 一种解释是过度学习定律，它可以表述如下：一旦我们学习了一些东西，额外的学习尝试会增加我们记忆它的时间长度。 【习题】 【2025周南高二上期末】This means it’s not the color of the light that’s the problem, it’s the brightness and ____________ (long) of time we’re exposed to it. length 【2025周南高二上期末】As an ambassador (大使) for the sport, she’s gone to extreme ____________ (long) to raise climbing’s public attention in South Korea. lengths 作为这项运动的代言人，她竭尽全力在韩国提高攀岩运动的公众关注度。 【解析】固搭：to extreme lengths【竭尽全力】go to great lengths to do sth. length的基本意思是长，长度，可指距离，也可指时间。length作一段，一节解时，是单位词，lengthof可修饰名词，表示数量，如该名词是可数名词，变复数时length和该名词都要变，如该名词是不可数名词，变复数时只要变length即可。lengths是length的复数形式，通常用于指多个长度或距离 【2022南雅高二上月考3】It has a flexible line ____________ (long) and ____________ (repeat) phrases which give both a pattern[footnoteRef:14] and a rhythm to the poem. [14: set the pattern for...为...树立典范] length repeated 【解析】【repeated VS repetitive】 词性与定义：repetitive是形容词，指某事物或行为是不断重复的，具有重复性的特征，这种重复可能是单调的、缺乏变化的；而repeated既可以作为形容词，更多时候是动词repeat的过去分词形式，强调某个动作或事件已经发生了多次，即被重复执行了。 用法与侧重点：repetitive更侧重于描述一种持续不断的重复状态或性质，通常带有一定的负面情感色彩（如单调乏味）；而repeated则更侧重于强调某个具体动作或事件的多次发生，是一个相对客观的描述。在描述日常活动、工作任务等时，如果希望表达这些活动缺乏变化且频繁重复，可以使用repetitive。 例句对比：例如，“The job is very repetitive, and I get bored easily.”（这份工作很单调重复，我很容易就厌倦了。）这里使用repetitive来描述工作的性质；而“He repeated his question several times, but no one answered.”（他重复了他的问题好几次，但没有人回答。）这里使用repeated来强调动作的多次发生。 【done当作adj】 retired[footnoteRef:15] accepted broken risen repeated lost [15: retired退休的 retiring腼腆的，不爱与人交际的 retirement退休] 3. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 原文：The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 【变形】 various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 vary v. 改变；变化 【拓展】 ★a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 ★vary from...to... 由……到……不等 【高考范例】 ◎When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上生活着种类繁多的野生动物。 ◎However, a variety of types is represented[footnoteRef:16] here. These include comedy[footnoteRef:17], satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. 但是，这里展示了各种类型。其中包括喜剧、讽刺剧、辛酸剧、历史剧和地方剧。 [16: representative n.代表；adj.有代表性的；典型的] [17: comedy喜剧 comic连环漫画； comedian喜剧演员] ◎Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. 参加苹果活动是一个很好的机会，可以看到和品尝各种各样的苹果。 【习题】 【2025一中高二上期中】You will hear a _________ (various) of slogans any time you watch TV. variety 【2025一中高二上期末】Ancient, slow-moving glaciers hug the land and _________ huge variety of wildlife wanders the remote forests. a 【2024附中一中高二上期中】The art includes a variety of____________(medium) such as print, sculpture and photography. There are also online exhibitions such as “Artists in Their Times” which traces trends in Korean art since the late 1970s. media 【2022南雅高二上期中】This ethnic variety, in turn, brings about cultural ________(diverse). [footnoteRef:18] [18: biodiversity 生物多样性] diversity 【2023南雅高二上月考1】Hubei province is famous for its crayfish，so each mooncake is stuffed full with four cray fish. ________(variety) of this mooncake include garlic，salt and pepper，and spicy cray fish options． varieties 4. mass /mæs/ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的 原文：The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。 【变形】 massive adj. 非常大的；巨大的 massively adv 大量地，沉重地，庄严地 -ive a. 有……性质的 会导致……的 倾向于……的 (另参见-ative) active 积极的，活跃的 (act 做) passive 被动的 (pass 承受) defective 有缺陷的 (de离开 +fect做) repulsive 令人厌恶的 (re反 + puls = push推) pensive 沉思的，愁苦的 (pens 悬挂，悬而未决) n. 人或物 detective 侦探 (detect 察觉) captive 俘虏 (capt 抓住) native 本地人 (nat 出生) explosive 炸药 (explode 爆炸) 【拓展】 a mass/masses of 大量 the mass of 大多数 【注意】the mass of＋名词 作主语，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。 a mass/masses of＋名词 作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。 a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。 【高考范例】 ◎On his desk is a mass of books and papers. 在他书桌上有大堆的书和文件。 ◎The hill appeared as a black mass in the distance. 远远地看去，那座山是黑魆魆一片。 ◎The sky was full of dark masses of clouds. 天空中乌云密布。 ◎There were masses of people in the shops yesterday. 昨天商店里人如潮涌。 ◎I've got masses of work to do. 我有一大堆的工作要做。 ◎The reforms are unpopular with the mass of teachers and parents. 大多数教师和家长并不赞成这些改革。 【习题】 【2025长郡高二上期中】With a ________(mass) following, esports could attract large audiences and add income through media rights and sponsorships. massive 【2024一中高三上月考1】In Baghdad and other cultural centers during the Islamic renaissance (文艺复兴), there was a ________(mass) intellectual outpouring, which ________the Chinese invention of paper, would have been limited in scope. massive without 【2024附中高三上月考4】For many people, daily walking offers ________(mass) and long-term physical and mental benefits. massive 5. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难 原文：While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 【变形】 survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 生还者，幸存者 -al a. ……的 (副词形式是-ally) national 国家的 (nation 国家) personal 个人的 (person 人) natural 自然的 (nature 自然) central 中心的 (center 中间) local 当地的 (loc 地方) normal 正常的 (norm 规则，标准)[footnoteRef:19] [19: abnormal 不正常的 informal不正式的] final 最终的 (fin 结束) total 总的 (tot 全部) social 社会的，社交的 (soci 伙伴) 副词形式-ally举例： conditionally 有条件地 (condition 条件) exceptionally 例外地 (exception 例外) n. 人，物，状态 rival 竞争者 (riv来自于river，像河流一样跑动) criminal 犯罪分子 (crim 罪行) mural 壁画 (mur 墙壁) cereal 谷物 (cere 谷) hospital 医院 (hospit 客人) dismissal 解雇，不予理会 (dismiss 解雇) refusal 拒绝，回绝 (refuse 拒绝) withdrawal 撤退，撤销 (with相反+draw拉+al) survival 生存，幸存 (sur之后+viv 活着) 【拓展】 survive sth. 幸免于；从……活过来 survive on 依靠……生活 survive sb. by... 比某人多活…… 【高考范例】 ◎The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete[footnoteRef:20] city wall that has survived China's long history. [20: Incomplete adj.不完整的 complete v.完成 adj.完整的 complex 复杂的 comprehensive 复杂] 西安城墙是中国历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙。 ◎If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. 如果一个掠食者能吃掉几个物种，那么即使其中一个物种灭绝，它也能存活下来。 【习题】 【2024雅礼高三下综合测试1】In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why?______________ (survive), every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this? Education! Each subsequent1 generation (后代) must be taught these things. To survive 【2025雅礼上高二上段考】If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn ______________ (survive) the things we have today. to survive 【2023雅礼高二上期中】The ancient scroll ______________ (survive) the test of time remarkably well. has survived sub- 同化规则： 1. 在词根首字母c之前，sub-同化成suc- 2. 与1同理，同辅音词根前还会同化成suf-, sup-, sur- 在下面，次一等，副手 subway 地铁 (way 道路) submarine 潜水艇 (marine 大海) submerge 使浸入水中 (merge 浸没) substitute 代替，替代品 (stitute 放置) substandard 低于标准的 (standard 标准) subordinate 下级的，附属的 (ordin 排序) subconscious 潜意识的 (conscious 知觉) succeed 继任，成功 (ceed 走，前进) suffer 遭受，忍受 (fer 承受) supply 供应 (ply折叠)[footnoteRef:21] [21: 东西折叠好以备供应] support 支撑，支持 (port 携带，承载) suppose 假设，认为 (pose 放置) supplant 取代 (plant 种植) surrogate 代替品，代理人 (rog 要求) 6. in turn 相应地，转而 in return 作为回报 原文：These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 【变形】 turning n.转弯处，岔路口 看作形容词修饰名词【turning point】 【拓展】 ★turn down 拒绝 turn out 结果是 turn to 向...求助 turn into 变成 turn around 转身 ★take turns to do sth = do sth in turn 轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做 【高考范例】 ◎Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. 夫妻们可能会发现，为了照顾度假的孩子，他们会轮流休假。 ◎Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers, desire to go green. 企业正经历一个艰难的时期，这反过来又对消费者产生了影响，促使他们渴望环保。 【习题】 【2025高三下二轮复习联考2】Last year, things took_________remarkable turn partly because people came from other towns to trick-or-treat around us. a 【2025附中高三下模拟2】“All the robots today performed very well _________(basic) in dealing with challenges such as _________ (turn) and speed[footnoteRef:22] bumps (减速带).We made history together.” [22: sped-sped] basically turns 【4-2024附中高三上月考4】 How to cool the planet _________(trouble) scientists in the last decades. They are now turning _________ sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space to keep down the temperature of the _________(planet) climate. has troubled##has been troubling to planet’s 【2025一中高二上期末】She turned_________ to be a source of knowledge about the area, which we had all to ourselves, without a tourist in sight. out 【2024弘益高二上期中】Their victory in America was still remembered as a major_________ (turn) point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. turning 7. break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）[footnoteRef:23] [23: outbreak爆发] 原文：When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients[footnoteRef:24] to the earth. [24: nutrient n.营养物；营养素 nutrition n.营养 nutritious/nutritional 有营养的/营养的] 【变形】 broke过去式 broken过去分词；“破碎的”adj. 【拓展】 break into 强行闯入 break into tears突然哭起来 break in 插嘴，打断；破门而入 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发; break out of 逃脱，突破，摆脱 break off 断开；(谈话)中断 break up 分手；（关系）破裂 break through 冲破；取得突破 break away from 突然离开；脱离 break down出故障 【高考范例】 ◎Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax[footnoteRef:25] moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. [25: 蜡 ] 西班牙和英格兰的研究人员最近发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。 ◎Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax[footnoteRef:26] — also allows them to break down plastic. [26: 蜂蜡] 这项研究的合著者Federica Bertocchini说，蠕虫分解日常食物——蜂蜡的能力也让它们能够分解塑料。 【习题】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】To break _________ these difficulties, I realized that I had to actively engage[footnoteRef:27] with the local environment and the diverse community around me. [27: be engaged in] through 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】With continuous research and development, it is expected to break _________the current limitations. through 【2025一中高二上期中】Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break _________ of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown. out 8. due to由于, 因为 原文：Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里, 约17%的雨林因农业和养牛等人类活动而消失。 【拓展】 be due to do sth. 预期做某事 be due to sb. 应支付/归于某人 表示“由于，因为”的短语还有： because of，owing to，thanks to，on account of, as a result of等。 【高考范例】 ◎The match is due to be organised this Saturday afternoon in the city’s stadium, whose aim is to help us communicate with our friend schools and improve our friendship. 这场比赛将于本周六下午在市体育场举行, 目的是帮助我们与友谊学校沟通, 增进友谊。 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】However, the tradition has declined over the years due to rapid urbanization, scarcity of wood and lack of available construction space, all of threaten its transmission and survival. which 【2025长郡高三下模1】Not everyone acts the same in response to[footnoteRef:28] events, and that is [28: respond to 对...做出回应 make no response to...对...无回应] what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and (psychology) traits[footnoteRef:29]. [29: 特征，特点；遗传特征；一点，少许] why psychological 【2024一中高三上月考1】Over the years, I (grow) more competitive due to the pressure of finishing my Ph.D. have grown 9. impact n. 影响, 作用; 撞击, 冲撞　vi. &vt. 有影响; 冲击 原文：As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 【拓展】 ★have/ make a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响 the impact of..……的影响 ★impact on/upon 对……产生影响 【高考范例】 ◎Ecotourism1 is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. 生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰的地方的影响小的旅游。 ◎Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行和住宿，目的是对自然环境的影响较小。 eco- n. 环境的，生态的 ecosystem生态系统 ecologist生态学家 【习题】 【2025麓山高三下月考8】Despite these innovations, some artists argue that the integration of music into art can sometimes have different effects from the primary visual message. Critics (warn) that the overuse of music can strongly impact the viewer’s senses. They believe that music should serve as a complement (补充) to the visual art, enhancing its effect rather than overshadowing it. have warned 【2025附中高三下模拟2】While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge. on 【2025长郡高三下模1】We have the choice to be kind and good, and even the smallest things we do have the largest and most long-term impact people around us. We just don’t know at the time we’re doing it.” on 10. damage vt. & n.损坏, 破坏; 损害, 伤害 原文：As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 【拓展】 ★do/cause damage to 对……造成损害 【高考范例】 ◎Having studied volcanoes[footnoteRef:30] for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. [30: volcanic火山的；猛烈的；易突然发作的] 研究火山很多年以后, 我仍然对它们造成巨大破坏的可能性和它们的美感到惊奇。 ◎I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children. 我非常担心, 我们说谎可能会对我们的孩子造成精神上的伤害。 【词语辨析1】damage, destroy与ruin damage: v./n.指损害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，但这种破坏具有可修复性。destroy: v.常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的破坏、毁坏，程度较深；也可以指希望、计划等打破。n.为 destruction。adj.destructive ruin: v./n.指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使其“荒废，毁坏”以致无法恢复原状，强调该物的使用价值发生了问题。常用短语是in ruins,表示“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪”。 ◎Happily, the damage was only slight.所幸的是，损伤不大。 ◎The storm damaged several houses in the village.暴风雨损坏了这个村子的几间房子。 ◎The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。 ◎The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous rain.继续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。 【词语辨析2】injure、wound、hurt和harm wound: v./n指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。 wounded adj.受伤了的 the wounded受伤的人 injure: v.指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害，强调功能的损失，如健康/成就/容貌等。injury n. hurt: v./n既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害，强调疼痛感。 harm: v./n用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，较为抽象，有“危害”之意。 ◎The nurse cleaned the wound. 护士清洗了伤口。 ◎A small number of Marines were wounded. 几名海军陆战队士兵受了伤。 ◎You do not go out to injure opponents. 你不会刻意去伤害对手。 ◎Take care when placing items, as when opened, they may fall out and injure other passengers.放置物品的时候请小心，打开的时候，东西可能会掉落导致其他乘客受伤。 ◎Try not to injure the roots of trees and plants. 请尽量不要伤害到树木和植物的根系。 ◎He would never harm anyone. 他永远不会伤害任何人。 ◎The court case will do serious harm to my business. 这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。 ◎I didn't want to hurt his feelings. 我并没有想伤害他的感情。 ◎I was full of jealousy and hurt. 我内心充满了嫉妒和痛苦。 ◎No one's going to hurt you. 没人要伤害你。 ◎There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn’t harmed at all. ◎He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm.他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。 【习题】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】With substantial[footnoteRef:31] damage to her shoulder, medical specialists [31: 大量的] (regret) informed her that her competitive swimming days had reached their conclusion. regretfully 【解析】【regretful vs regrettable】 都表示“遗憾的”、“惋惜的”，但它们在含义、用法和侧重点上有所不同。regretful侧重描述人的心境，指的是某人对于某事感到懊悔、遗憾或惋惜；而regrettable侧重描述事情，指的是某事使人感到懊悔、遗憾或惋惜。 When he heard that class had been canceled, Gus felt both regretful and relieved. 当他听说课已经被取消了，格斯既感到遗憾又感到松了一口气。 He's not exactly acting very honorably in that role , and I think it's deeply regrettable. 他在这件事情中扮演的角色很不光彩，我认为这是非常令人遗憾的。 【2025附中高二上期中】Their AI model examines the photos, hunting out signs on sick plants, and decides which ones need to be killed. The engineer explains the robots use GPS to be sure they (destroy) the correct tulips. are destroying 【2023雅礼高二上入学】Finally, humans (ruin) the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the trees that were cut down. have ruined RSentences 1. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6, 400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 这片雨林得名于亚马孙河, 全长约6 400千米, 比长江长约100千米。  【拓展】 (1)本句中from which the rainforest gets its name 是“介词＋which” 引导的定语从句，修饰The Amazon River。 ★“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，不能用that代替which。 ★类似的结构：“介词＋whom”引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是人。 (2)介词的确定根据以下方面来选择： ★根据句意确定介词； ★定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配； ★表示所属关系或者表示“整体中的一部分”都用of。 【习题】 (1)I bought many books about climate， which I spent all my money that I saved. (2)The school _______ which he once studied is very famous. 他以前上学的学校非常有名。 (3)I don’t know the person _______ whom you talked just now. 我不认识你刚才谈论到的那个人。 (4)The reason _______ which he left the band was that he hated the busy life. 他离开乐队的原因是他讨厌忙碌的生活。 (5)We had bought an old map _________ which we would have lost our way. 我们买了一张旧地图，要是没有它我们就会迷路。 【答案】(1)on (2) in (3)about (4) for (5)without 必修三U1【Extended reading语法】 ●Extended reading RWords 1.come up with想出, 想到[footnoteRef:32] [32: put forward 提出] 原文：All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。 【拓展】 come back 回来；记起；恢复原状，重新流行 come out 出现；出版；结果是 come into 进入；得到 come on v. 快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生 come up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出 come in 进来；到达；流行起来 come up with 提出；想出；赶上 come across v. 偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；[口]给人…印象 【高考范例】 ◎She is trying to come up with a label to attach[footnoteRef:33] to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. [33: v.系上，贴上，连接；附上（附件）；赋予，认为……具有；附属，依附；与……有关联；attach...to...] 她试图为海狸鼠的时装设计一个标签，以表明它是环保的。 ◎Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们发明了一种低成本的设备，这种设备可以解决这个问题：智能键盘。 【习题】 【2025湖南四大名校名师团队猜题卷(B) 】When people believe that they can find solutions, they are more likely to think outside the box and come up with innovative ideas. This mindset is particularly valuable in today’s fast-changing world, where ____________(adapt) is crucial. adaptability 【2025麓山国际高三下月考8】About two years ago, I met an extraordinary man, Peter Thum, whose dedication[footnoteRef:34] inspired me ____________(come) up with this expedition[footnoteRef:35]: a run to the South Pole where, with a website[footnoteRef:36], I will be able to bring young people globally[footnoteRef:37] on blogging the expedition with me. [34: 奉献；献身 dedicate v.致力于，献身于；] [35: 远征，考察；探险队，考察队；动作敏捷，迅速] [36: website/camera 网站 webpage网页 webcast网络直播] [37: globe n.地球；世界 global adj.全球的 globalize v.使全球化 globalization n.全球化] to come 2. application n. 应用, 运用; 申请 原文：Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. 【变形】 apply v. 运用; 申请; 应用 applicant n. 申请人 -ation n. 行为，事情本身，结果，过程 situation 处境，情况 (situ 位置) obligation 责任，义务 (oblige 承担) combination 联合，结合 (combine 结合) exclamation 大喊，感叹 (exclaim 大喊) 【拓展】 ★make an application (to……) for…… (向……)申请…… ★apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply……to…… 将……用在……上 apply (to sb) for sth. (向某人)申请某物 apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于(做)某事 【高考范例】 ◎However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways. 然而，技术也是应用科学知识来解决问题，以无数的方式影响着人们的生活。 ◎They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom. 他们来到夏令营，想要知道宇航员或飞行员是什么样子的，他们离开时带着现实的应用程序并应用在课堂上。 【习题】 【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】He uses it to _________________ (careful) apply thick, measured strokes (笔画) on a piece of paper to form the Chinese character Fu, or “prosperity”. carefully 【2024长郡高三上月考1】This year, hundreds of people around the world_________________ (apply) for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. are applying 【desired vs desirable】 desired强调人对某物的渴望。通常用来描述人们对某样东西的渴望或欲望。 desirable 表示物体本身值得要的，合意的。用来形容某样东西本身具有吸引力或值得拥有的特性。 【0-2024一中高二上入学】We issue[footnoteRef:38] and send your agency the Form DS-2019, which is the official US Department of State document that allows you_________________ (apply) for and receive your J-1 visa. [38: issue v.发布；分配 n.争论点；分配；子女；] to apply 3. spring[footnoteRef:39] to mind 马上想到，突然记起(或想到) [39: spring n.春天，春季；泉，泉水；源泉，根源；弹簧，发条；弹性，弹力；跳，跃；活力，朝气；adj.春天的v.跳，跃；突然弹开，突然移动；突然出现，涌现；突然启动，突然运转；spring up涌起] 原文：When you think of a fearsome[可怕的；极大的] hunter, image[footnoteRef:40]s of lions and sharks may spring to mind. [40: Image n.形象；图像；意象 imagine v.想象 imagination n.想象力] 【拓展】 bear/keep...in mind 记住…… lose one's mind 失去理智 bring..to mind 使……想起 come to mind 突然想起 change one's mind 改变主意 make up/set one's mind 打定主意；下定决心(mind的形式随one的单复数变化而变化) 【高考范例】 ◎When the explorers first set foot upon the continent[footnoteRef:41] of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. [41: continental a.大陆的] 当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上生活着种类繁多的野生动物。 ◎However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. 但是，这里展示了各种类型。其中包括喜剧、讽刺剧、辛酸剧、历史剧和地方剧。 ◎Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. 参加苹果活动是一个很好的机会，可以看到和品尝各种各样的苹果。 【习题】 【2024长郡高三上月考1】Now, within every fiber of my belief standing here, I know from this journey that we can make the impossible possible and we are capable doing anything we set our minds to. of 【2025长郡高二上期末】Scott was interested in entrepreneurship (创业) while still in high school. Her father, a businessman, sow[footnoteRef:42]ed the seeds of entrepreneurship her mind, while her elementary school teacher introduced her to coding (编程). [42: v.播种，种；激起，散布，煽动；埋（地雷），将（一地区）布上地雷；布满，覆盖] in 4. get rid[footnoteRef:43] of摆脱; 丢弃; 扔掉 [43: rid-rid-rid ridding] 原文:The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. 空气中的烟雾把天空染成了灰蒙蒙的烟灰, 还使我无法摆脱地咳嗽。 【拓展】 rid…… of …… 　　　　使……摆脱……; 使……丢弃…… rid oneself of 摆脱/去掉…… get/be rid of 消除掉……, 丢掉…… 【高考范例】 ◎It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。 ◎Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的“消音器”，你可以在不让男孩或他的父母感到不安的情况下消除声音。 ◎We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. 我们可能认为我们的文化是一看到闪亮的新东西就会抛弃旧的科技产品，但一项新的研究表明，旧设备过时后，我们仍会继续使用它们。 【习题】 【2025长郡高三下模1】But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the ________ ___________(occur) of anger. occurrence 【2024长郡高三上月考1】There are two main reasons. First, blinking clears away dust[footnoteRef:44] from the eyes. If there’s a foreign body, it helps get rid of ___________. It might be under the eyelid or something ___________ blew in. [44: at dawn黎明 at dusk黄昏时期 It dawn on sb. that...某人突然意识到...] it that 5. defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 原文：In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 【变形】 defend vt. 保卫；保护 defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；生气的，发怒的；（比赛中）防守的，防御的；百般辩解的 defender n.防守队员，后卫；保护者，捍卫者；（桥牌中的）守方；被告 defendant[footnoteRef:45] n.被告人 [45: servant服务员 assistant助手 accountant会计 immigrant移民 participant 参与者] 【拓展】 in defense of 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 come to one’s defense 出来保护某人 in one’s defense 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 defend...against/from(doing...) 防御；保护……以免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 【高考范例】 ◎When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense Part. 当一只蚂蚁受到攻击或濒临死亡时，它会发出警报信息素，警告整个蚁群作为一个防御单位做好战斗准备。 【习题】 【2025长郡高二上期中】With no___________(defend) around, David caught the ball, turned and shot at the basket. defenders 【3-2024长郡高二上期末】A few days later, when the big and heavy steel arm kept dropping down, I wished I had shown more determination ___________(defend) my position. to defend 【0-2024雅礼高二上入学】Evidence from orca（虎鲸） stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales(巨头鲸). But pilot whales can mob(成群围攻) and chase them away, the only cetaceans(鲸目动物) seen ___________(defend) themselves from the strong enemies in this way. defending 6.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 【变形】 consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv. 所以；因此；结果 【拓展】 as a consequence＝in consequence 结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故 take/suffer/face the consequences承担后果 【高考范例】 ◎Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. 尽管这些酷孩子看起来令人羡慕, 普林斯坦博士的研究显示了不愉快的后果。 ◎ I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. 我想知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话。 ◎This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies[footnoteRef:46]. [46: economy economic economical 节俭的，节约的] 这种对“后工业社会”的信念导致这些国家忽视了他们的制造业，对他们的经济产生了负面影响。 ◎For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. 对于机器来说，这种品质既不是天生的，也不是人类引入的; 这是一个简单事实的逻辑推论，即如果机器坏了，它就不能达到它最初的目的。 【习题】 1. The warming of the earth and the _______________ (consequence) climatic changes impact on us all. consequent 2. Finally the young man broke down ____________________________________________ great stress.因为压力太大，最后那个年轻人崩溃了。 as a consequence of/in consequence of 3. My car broke down and ________________ (consequent) I was late for the important meeting. consequently 4. The young man was often late for work. As a result，he was fired by the company. →______________________________________________________ As a consequence/In consequence/Consequently 【2024麓山高三上入学】The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological _________(consequence) . consequences 【2025雅礼上高二上段考】When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback. But technology can place the _________(consequence) of our missteps at a distance. consequences 【2024麓山高二上月考1】Being bullied is a frustrating and painful experience. Online bullying can really hurt others, and it can have serious_________(consequence) . consequences RSentences 1.With pollution levels on the rise.. 随着污染水平的上升…… 【拓展】 本句中“with+n.+介词短语”为with复合结构，在句中常作状语、定语等。 【with复合结构】 adj/adv/介词短语(表示状态） doing（表示主动意义，强调动作正在进行） with+n./pron. + 宾补 done(表示被动意义，强调动作的完成） to do(表示尚未发生的动作) ◎She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides. 她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。 ◎With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home. 有这个男孩带路，我们找到他家没有困难。 ◎With the key lost,he had to wait outside the door. 由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。 ◎With so much work to do,I have no time for a holiday. 有那么多工作要做，我没有时间去度假。 【习题】 ① With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle), the manager felt worried all the time. ② John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______ (finish), he gladly accepted it. ③ The day was bright, with a fresh breeze _______ (blow). ④ I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes _____ (fix) on the ceiling. ⑤ With all the work _____ (do), I won't have time to go out. ⑥这个男孩低着头站在那儿。 The boy stood there _________________. 【答案】(1)to settle (2)finished (3)blowing (4) fixed (5)to do (6)with his head down 1.（2025年全国一卷应用文）I prefer "Fun at my school" ____________________ __________________________________. 我更倾向于“校园趣事”这个栏目，它聚焦于分享有趣的校园瞬间。 2.（2025年全国一卷应用文）__________________________ like sports meets or club activities, this column will attract more readers. 随着学生们记录运动会、社团活动等日常乐趣，这个栏目将会吸引更多读者。 3.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）_______________________ and health problems troubling him, the dog was more than a pet—it was his emotional support. 妻子离世，健康问题又困扰着他，这只狗早已不只是一只宠物——它是他的情感支柱。 4.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）Determined to make amends, I discussed with my wife, who immediately agreed to bake some biscuits for my brother, ____________ ______________________________. 我决心弥补过错，便与妻子商量，她立刻同意为弟弟烤一些饼干，并在食谱中加入了托比最爱的花生酱口味(peanut butter flavor)。 5.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）I knocked gently, ____________________ in case he still refused to talk to me. 我轻轻敲了敲门，心跳得很快，生怕他仍然拒绝和我说话。 6.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）When he opened the door, Toby, ___________ _____________, rushed to greet me first. 1.（2025年全国一卷应用文）I prefer "Fun at my school" with its focus on sharing interesting campus moments. 我更倾向于“校园趣事”这个栏目，它聚焦于分享有趣的校园瞬间。 2.（2025年全国一卷应用文）With students recording daily joys like sports meets or club activities, this column will attract more readers. 随着学生们记录运动会、社团活动等日常乐趣，这个栏目将会吸引更多读者。 3.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）With his wife gone and health problems troubling him, the dog was more than a pet—it was his emotional support. 妻子离世，健康问题又困扰着他，这只狗早已不只是一只宠物——它是他的情感支柱。 4.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）Determined to make amends, I discussed with my wife, who immediately agreed to bake some biscuits for my brother, with Toby’s favorite peanut butter flavor added to the recipe. 我决心弥补过错，便与妻子商量，她立刻同意为弟弟烤一些饼干，并在食谱中加入了托比最爱的花生酱口味。 5.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）I knocked gently, with my heart beating fast in case he still refused to talk to me. 我轻轻敲了敲门，心跳得很快，生怕他仍然拒绝和我说话。 6.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）When he opened the door, Toby, with his tail wagging wildly, rushed to greet me first. 他打开门时，托比摇着疯狂的尾巴，抢先冲过来迎接我。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 必修三Unit 1 必修三U1【Reading语法】 ●Reading RWords 1. harm /hɑːm/ n. & vt. 伤害，损害 原文：The human race has done much harm. 【变形】 harmful adj. 有害的 -ful a. 有……的 充满……的 mercy-merciful仁慈的； doubt-doubtful 怀疑的； peace-peaceful 和平的； plenty- plentiful充足的； awe-awful糟糕的； faith-faithful忠实的； rest-restful闲适宁静的； grace-graceful优雅的； thought-thoughtful考虑周到的； fate-fateful命中注定的； fear-fearful可怕的； resource-resourceful资源丰富的； respect-respectful恭敬的； skill-skillful熟练的； sorrow-sorrowful悲伤的； tear-tearful含泪的； n. 满，量 handful 一把 (hand 手) spoonful 一勺的量 (spoon 勺子) mouthful 一口 (mouth 嘴) harmless adj. 无害的 补充词缀[-less] -less a. 没有……的 不……的 无……的 (-ful的反义后缀) penny- penniless身无分文的； spot- spotless非常干净的； self- selfless无私的； aim-aimless无目标的； wire- wireless无线的； limit- limitless无限的； price- priceless珍贵的；无价的； value- valueless毫无价值的； worth- worthless毫无价值的； speech- speechless无语的； breath- breathless上气不接下气的； fruit-fruitless 无成效的； regret-regretless无悔的； rest-restless躁动不安的； grace-graceless粗鲁的； thought-thoughtless不周到的； pain-painless不痛的； 【拓展】 ★do harm to 对……有害 cause harm to... 对……造成危害 There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事并无害处。 ★be harmful to... 对……有害 【高考范例】 ◎Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment. 许多人怀疑，每年冬天使用的岩盐正在破坏环境。 ◎The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away soil. 化学物质冲洗道路并渗入地下。它会污染饮用水，危害植物，并侵蚀土壤。 ◎Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. 尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究能够合理支持的范围，但总体而言，公众的影响是利大于弊的。 【习题】 【2025附中高二上期中】It’s worth noting that spending time alone doesn’t have to have a _________________ (harm) impact on your social life. This is because spending time in solitude helps people develop the skills they need to regulate their own emotions. 【2025长郡高二上期中】Studies reveal that overuse of social media could be____________ (harm). Researchers observed individuals’moods before and after platform interactions and found that the more time people spent on social media, the more unhappy they felt. 【2024附中一中高二上期中】Single-use plastic is one of the biggest things ____________ (harm) Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. 【2024长郡高二上期末】 In addition, drones cause much trouble for airlines as some of them fly near airports, ____________(pose)a threat to planes that are taking off or landing. Another risk is ____________people might take advantage of drones to harm others. 2. length /leŋθ/ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长 原文：The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 【变形】 lengthen vt. 使延长；加长 vi. 延长；变长 long adj.长的 en- v 使... 使…加上 使…进入 able→enable（使能够） dear→endear（使受喜欢） large→enlarge（扩大） noble→ennoble（使高贵，抬高） rich→enrich（使富有，丰富） -en adj 加... 使...变... black→blacken quick→quicken soft→soften hard→harden adj比较级 less→lessen（减少） worse→worsen（恶化） -en v. 加... 使... haste→hasten（加速，催促） fright→frighten（使惊吓） strength→strengthen（加强，提高） height→heighten（提高） 【拓展】 in length 长度 at length 最后，终于；详细地 at arm's length 疏远；在手臂伸得到的地方 【高考范例】 ◎The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. 华盛顿贝尔维尤的工坊大道上的交通信号灯通常不会连续两次发出相同长度的绿灯，尤其是在交通高峰期。 ◎One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it. 一种解释是过度学习定律，它可以表述如下：一旦我们学习了一些东西，额外的学习尝试会增加我们记忆它的时间长度。 【习题】 【2025周南高二上期末】This means it’s not the color of the light that’s the problem, it’s the brightness and ____________ (long) of time we’re exposed to it. 【2025周南高二上期末】As an ambassador (大使) for the sport, she’s gone to extreme ____________ (long) to raise climbing’s public attention in South Korea. 【2022南雅高二上月考3】It has a flexible line ____________ (long) and ____________ (repeat) phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. 3. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 原文：The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 【变形】 various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 vary v. 改变；变化 【拓展】 ★a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的 ★vary from...to... 由……到……不等 【高考范例】 ◎When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上生活着种类繁多的野生动物。 ◎However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. 但是，这里展示了各种类型。其中包括喜剧、讽刺剧、辛酸剧、历史剧和地方剧。 ◎Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. 参加苹果活动是一个很好的机会，可以看到和品尝各种各样的苹果。 【习题】 【2025一中高二上期中】You will hear a _________ (various) of slogans any time you watch TV. 【2025一中高二上期末】Ancient, slow-moving glaciers hug the land and _________ huge variety of wildlife wanders the remote forests. 【2024附中一中高二上期中】The art includes a variety of____________(medium) such as print, sculpture and photography. There are also online exhibitions such as “Artists in Their Times” which traces trends in Korean art since the late 1970s. 【2022南雅高二上期中】This ethnic variety, in turn, brings about cultural ________(diverse). 【2023南雅高二上月考1】Hubei province is famous for its crayfish，so each mooncake is stuffed full with four cray fish. ________(variety) of this mooncake include garlic，salt and pepper，and spicy cray fish options． 4. mass /mæs/ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的 原文：The first step is to determine some of its significant qualities. 第一步是要确定文学的一些重要品质。 【变形】 massive adj. 非常大的；巨大的 -ive a. 有……性质的 会导致……的 倾向于……的 (另参见-ative) active 积极的，活跃的 (act 做) passive 被动的 (pass 承受) defective 有缺陷的 (de离开 +fect做) repulsive 令人厌恶的 (re反 + puls = push推) pensive 沉思的，愁苦的 (pens 悬挂，悬而未决) n. 人或物 detective 侦探 (detect 察觉) captive 俘虏 (capt 抓住) native 本地人 (nat 出生) explosive 炸药 (explode 爆炸) 【拓展】 a mass/masses of 大量 the mass of 大多数 【注意】the mass of＋名词 作主语，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致。 a mass/masses of＋名词 作主语的句子中，谓语动词的数与mass的数一致。 a mass/masses of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。 【高考范例】 ◎On his desk is a mass of books and papers. 在他书桌上有大堆的书和文件。 ◎The hill appeared as a black mass in the distance. 远远地看去，那座山是黑魆魆一片。 ◎The sky was full of dark masses of clouds. 天空中乌云密布。 ◎There were masses of people in the shops yesterday. 昨天商店里人如潮涌。 ◎I've got masses of work to do. 我有一大堆的工作要做。 ◎The reforms are unpopular with the mass of teachers and parents. 大多数教师和家长并不赞成这些改革。 【习题】 【2025长郡高二上期中】With a ________(mass) following, esports could attract large audiences and add income through media rights and sponsorships. 【2024一中高三上月考1】In Baghdad and other cultural centers during the Islamic renaissance (文艺复兴), there was a ________(mass) intellectual outpouring, which ________the Chinese invention of paper, would have been limited in scope. 【2024附中高三上月考4】For many people, daily walking offers ________(mass) and long-term physical and mental benefits. 5. survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难 原文：While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 【变形】 survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 生还者，幸存者 -al a. ……的 (副词形式是-ally) national 国家的 (nation 国家) personal 个人的 (person 人) natural 自然的 (nature 自然) central 中心的 (center 中间) local 当地的 (loc 地方) normal 正常的 (norm 规则，标准) final 最终的 (fin 结束) total 总的 (tot 全部) social 社会的，社交的 (soci 伙伴) 副词形式-ally举例： conditionally 有条件地 (condition 条件) exceptionally 例外地 (exception 例外) n. 人，物，状态 rival 竞争者 (riv来自于river，像河流一样跑动) criminal 犯罪分子 (crim 罪行) mural 壁画 (mur 墙壁) cereal 谷物 (cere 谷) hospital 医院 (hospit 客人) dismissal 解雇，不予理会 (dismiss 解雇) refusal 拒绝，回绝 (refuse 拒绝) withdrawal 撤退，撤销 (with相反+draw拉+al) survival 生存，幸存 (sur之后+viv 活着) 【拓展】 survive sth. 幸免于；从……活过来 survive on 依靠……生活 survive sb. by... 比某人多活…… 【高考范例】 ◎The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. 西安城墙是中国历史上保存下来的最完整的城墙。 ◎If a predator can eat several species，it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. 如果一个掠食者能吃掉几个物种，那么即使其中一个物种灭绝，它也能存活下来。 【习题】 【2024雅礼高三下综合测试1】In fact, education dates back to the very first humans ever to live on Earth. Why?______________ (survive), every generation has found it necessary to pass on its knowledge, skills, values, and traditions to the next generation. How can they do this? Education! Each subsequent generation (后代) must be taught these things. 【2025雅礼上高二上段考】If we have any hope of staying alive with the rise of the machines, we are going to need to learn ______________ (survive) the things we have today. 【2023雅礼高二上期中】The ancient scroll ______________ (survive) the test of time remarkably well. 6. in turn 相应地，转而 原文：These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 【变形】 turning n.转弯处，岔路口 【拓展】 ★turn down 拒绝 turn out 结果是 turn to 向...求助 turn into 变成 turn around 转身 ★take turns to do sth = do sth in turn 轮流做某事 It is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做 【高考范例】 ◎Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. 夫妻们可能会发现，为了照顾度假的孩子，他们会轮流休假。 ◎Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers, desire to go green. 企业正经历一个艰难的时期，这反过来又对消费者产生了影响，促使他们渴望环保。 【习题】 【2025高三下二轮复习联考2】Last year, things took_________remarkable turn partly because people came from other towns to trick-or-treat around us. 【2025附中高三下模拟2】“All the robots today performed very well _________(basic) in dealing with challenges such as _________ (turn) and speed bumps (减速带).We made history together.” 【4-2024附中高三上月考4】 How to cool the planet _________(trouble) scientists in the last decades. They are now turning _________ sun-blocking technology, which refers to reflecting sunlight back into space to keep down the temperature of the _________(planet) climate. 【2025一中高二上期末】She turned_________ to be a source of knowledge about the area, which we had all to ourselves, without a tourist in sight. 【2024弘益高二上期中】Their victory in America was still remembered as a major_________ (turn) point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. 7. break down 使分解（为），使变化（成） 原文：When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 【变形】 broke过去式 broken过去分词；“破碎的”adj. 【拓展】 break into 强行闯入 break in 插嘴，打断；破门而入 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发; break out of 逃脱，突破，摆脱 break off 断开；(谈话)中断 break up 分手；（关系）破裂 break through 冲破；取得突破 break away from 突然离开；脱离 【高考范例】 ◎Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. 西班牙和英格兰的研究人员最近发现，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解占塑料40%的聚乙烯。 ◎Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. 这项研究的合著者Federica Bertocchini说，蠕虫分解日常食物——蜂蜡的能力也让它们能够分解塑料。 【习题】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】To break _________ these difficulties, I realized that I had to actively engage with the local environment and the diverse community around me. 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】With continuous research and development, it is expected to break _________the current limitations. 【2025一中高二上期中】Pursue your dreams now, even though that means you might need to break _________ of your comfort zone, and even though it means entering the unknown. 8. due to由于, 因为 原文：Over the past 50 years, about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里, 约17%的雨林因农业和养牛等人类活动而消失。 【拓展】 be due to do sth. 预期做某事 be due to sb. 应支付/归于某人 表示“由于，因为”的短语还有： because of，owing to，thanks to，on account of等。 【高考范例】 ◎The match is due to be organised this Saturday afternoon in the city’s stadium, whose aim is to help us communicate with our friend schools and improve our friendship. 这场比赛将于本周六下午在市体育场举行, 目的是帮助我们与友谊学校沟通, 增进友谊。 【2025雅礼高三下月考8】However, the tradition has declined over the years due to rapid urbanization, scarcity of wood and lack of available construction space, all of threaten its transmission and survival. 【2025长郡高三下模1】Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is what triggers one person may or may not trigger another. The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and (psychology) traits. 【2024一中高三上月考1】Over the years, I (grow) more competitive due to the pressure of finishing my Ph.D. 9. impact n. 影响, 作用; 撞击, 冲撞　vi. &vt. 有影响; 冲击 原文：As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 【拓展】 ★have/ make a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响 the impact of..……的影响 ★impact on/upon 对……产生影响 【高考范例】 ◎Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. 生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰的地方的影响小的旅游。 ◎Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行和住宿，目的是对自然环境的影响较小。 【习题】 【2025麓山高三下月考8】Despite these innovations, some artists argue that the integration of music into art can sometimes have different effects from the primary visual message. Critics (warn) that the overuse of music can strongly impact the viewer’s senses. They believe that music should serve as a complement (补充) to the visual art, enhancing its effect rather than overshadowing it. 【2025附中高三下模拟2】While compliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact you and the people around you, creating a ripple of positivity. However, giving compliments requires skills and knowledge. 【2025长郡高三下模1】We have the choice to be kind and good, and even the smallest things we do have the largest and most long-term impact people around us. We just don’t know at the time we’re doing it.” 10. damage vt. & n.损坏, 破坏; 损害, 伤害 原文：As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”? 【拓展】 ★do/cause damage to 对……造成损害 【高考范例】 ◎Having studied volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. 研究火山很多年以后, 我仍然对它们造成巨大破坏的可能性和它们的美感到惊奇。 ◎I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children. 我非常担心, 我们说谎可能会对我们的孩子造成精神上的伤害。 【词语辨析1】damage, destroy与ruin damage: v./n.指损害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，但这种破坏具有可修复性。destroy: v.常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的破坏、毁坏，程度较深；也可以指希望、计划等打破。n.为 destruction。 ruin: v./n.指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使其“荒废，毁坏”以致无法恢复原状，强调该物的使用价值发生了问题。常用短语是in ruins,表示“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪”。 ◎Happily, the damage was only slight.所幸的是，损伤不大。 ◎The storm damaged several houses in the village.暴风雨损坏了这个村子的几间房子。 ◎The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。 ◎The crops are nearly ruined by the continuous rain.继续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。 【词语辨析2】injure、wound、hurt和harm wound: v./n指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。 injure: v.指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害，强调功能的损失，如健康/成就/容貌等。injury n. hurt: v./n既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害，强调疼痛感。 harm: v./n用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可，有时可指引起不安或不便，较为抽象，有“危害”之意。 ◎The nurse cleaned the wound. 护士清洗了伤口。 ◎A small number of Marines were wounded. 几名海军陆战队士兵受了伤。 ◎You do not go out to injure opponents. 你不会刻意去伤害对手。 ◎Take care when placing items, as when opened, they may fall out and injure other passengers.放置物品的时候请小心，打开的时候，东西可能会掉落导致其他乘客受伤。 ◎Try not to injure the roots of trees and plants. 请尽量不要伤害到树木和植物的根系。 ◎He would never harm anyone. 他永远不会伤害任何人。 ◎The court case will do serious harm to my business. 这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。 ◎I didn't want to hurt his feelings. 我并没有想伤害他的感情。 ◎I was full of jealousy and hurt. 我内心充满了嫉妒和痛苦。 ◎No one's going to hurt you. 没人要伤害你。 ◎There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn’t harmed at all. ◎He would never frighten anyone or cause them any harm.他永远不会吓唬或伤害任何人。 【习题】 【2025南雅高三下月考8】With substantial damage to her shoulder, medical specialists (regret) informed her that her competitive swimming days had reached their conclusion. 【2025附中高二上期中】Their AI model examines the photos, hunting out signs on sick plants, and decides which ones need to be killed. The engineer explains the robots use GPS to be sure they (destroy) the correct tulips. 【2023雅礼高二上入学】Finally, humans (ruin) the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the trees that were cut down. RSentences 1. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6, 400 kilometres in length — roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 这片雨林得名于亚马孙河, 全长约6 400千米, 比长江长约100千米。  【拓展】 (1)本句中from which the rainforest gets its name 是“介词＋which” 引导的定语从句，修饰The Amazon River。 ★“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，不能用that代替which。 ★类似的结构：“介词＋whom”引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是人。 (2)介词的确定根据以下方面来选择： ★根据句意确定介词； ★定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配； ★表示所属关系或者表示“整体中的一部分”都用of。 【习题】 (1)I bought many books about climate， which I spent all my money that I saved. (2)The school _______ which he once studied is very famous. 他以前上学的学校非常有名。 (3)I don’t know the person _______ whom you talked just now. 我不认识你刚才谈论到的那个人。 (4)The reason _______ which he left the band was that he hated the busy life. 他离开乐队的原因是他讨厌忙碌的生活。 (5)We had bought an old map _________ which we would have lost our way. 我们买了一张旧地图，要是没有它我们就会迷路。 必修三U1【Extended reading语法】 ●Extended reading RWords 1.come up with想出, 想到 原文：All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。 【拓展】 come back 回来；记起；恢复原状，重新流行 come out 出现；出版；结果是 come into 进入；得到 come on v. 快点；开始；要求；上演；跟着来；突然产生 come up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出 come in 进来；到达；流行起来 come up with 提出；想出；赶上 come across v. 偶遇；无意中发现；讲得清楚明白；[口]给人…印象 【高考范例】 ◎She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 她试图为海狸鼠的时装设计一个标签，以表明它是环保的。 ◎Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们发明了一种低成本的设备，这种设备可以解决这个问题：智能键盘。 【习题】 【2025湖南四大名校名师团队猜题卷(B) 】When people believe that they can find solutions, they are more likely to think outside the box and come up with innovative ideas. This mindset is particularly valuable in today’s fast-changing world, where ____________(adapt) is crucial. 【2025麓山国际高三下月考8】About two years ago, I met an extraordinary man, Peter Thum, whose dedication inspired me ____________(come) up with this expedition: a run to the South Pole where, with a website, I will be able to bring young people globally on blogging the expedition with me. 2. application n. 应用, 运用; 申请 原文：Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. 【变形】 apply v. 运用; 申请; 应用 applicant n. 申请人 -ation n. 行为，事情本身，结果，过程 situation 处境，情况 (situ 位置) obligation 责任，义务 (oblige 承担) combination 联合，结合 (combine 结合) exclamation 大喊，感叹 (exclaim 大喊) 【拓展】 ★make an application (to……) for…… (向……)申请…… ★apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply……to…… 将……用在……上 apply (to sb) for sth. (向某人)申请某物 apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于(做)某事 【高考范例】 ◎However, technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways. 然而，技术也是应用科学知识来解决问题，以无数的方式影响着人们的生活。 ◎They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom. 他们来到夏令营，想要知道宇航员或飞行员是什么样子的，他们离开时带着现实的应用程序并应用在课堂上。 【习题】 【2025湖南名校名师高三下猜题卷（A）】He uses it to _________________ (careful) apply thick, measured strokes (笔画) on a piece of paper to form the Chinese character Fu, or “prosperity”. 【2024长郡高三上月考1】This year, hundreds of people around the world_________________ (apply) for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world’s most remote post office. 【0-2024一中高二上入学】We issue and send your agency the Form DS-2019, which is the official US Department of State document that allows you_________________ (apply) for and receive your J-1 visa. 3. spring to mind 马上想到，突然记起(或想到) 原文：When you think of a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks may spring to mind. 【拓展】 bear/keep...in mind 记住…… lose one's mind 失去理智 bring..to mind 使……想起 come to mind 突然想起 change one's mind 改变主意 make up/set one's mind 打定主意；下定决心(mind的形式随one的单复数变化而变化) 【高考范例】 ◎When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. 当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上生活着种类繁多的野生动物。 ◎However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. 但是，这里展示了各种类型。其中包括喜剧、讽刺剧、辛酸剧、历史剧和地方剧。 ◎Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. 参加苹果活动是一个很好的机会，可以看到和品尝各种各样的苹果。 【习题】 【2024长郡高三上月考1】Now, within every fiber of my belief standing here, I know from this journey that we can make the impossible possible and we are capable doing anything we set our minds to. 【2025长郡高二上期末】Scott was interested in entrepreneurship (创业) while still in high school. Her father, a businessman, sowed the seeds of entrepreneurship her mind, while her elementary school teacher introduced her to coding (编程). 4. get rid of摆脱; 丢弃; 扔掉 原文:The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. 空气中的烟雾把天空染成了灰蒙蒙的烟灰, 还使我无法摆脱地咳嗽。 【拓展】 rid…… of …… 　　　　使……摆脱……; 使……丢弃…… rid oneself of 摆脱/去掉…… get/be rid of 消除掉……, 丢掉…… 【高考范例】 ◎It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。 ◎Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的“消音器”，你可以在不让男孩或他的父母感到不安的情况下消除声音。 ◎We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. 我们可能认为我们的文化是一看到闪亮的新东西就会抛弃旧的科技产品，但一项新的研究表明，旧设备过时后，我们仍会继续使用它们。 【习题】 【2025长郡高三下模1】But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the ________ ___________(occur) of anger. 【2024长郡高三上月考1】There are two main reasons. First, blinking clears away dust from the eyes. If there’s a foreign body, it helps get rid of ___________. It might be under the eyelid or something ___________ blew in. 5. defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 原文：In defence of the factories, however, I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 【变形】 defend vt. 保卫；保护 defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；生气的，发怒的；（比赛中）防守的，防御的；百般辩解的 defender n.防守队员，后卫；保护者，捍卫者；（桥牌中的）守方；被告 defendant n.被告人 【拓展】 in defense of 保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 come to one’s defense 出来保护某人 in one’s defense 为某人辩护；站在某人一边 defend...against/from(doing...) 防御；保护……以免受…… defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护 【高考范例】 ◎When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense Part. 当一只蚂蚁受到攻击或濒临死亡时，它会发出警报信息素，警告整个蚁群作为一个防御单位做好战斗准备。 【习题】 【2025长郡高二上期中】With no___________(defend) around, David caught the ball, turned and shot at the basket. 【3-2024长郡高二上期末】A few days later, when the big and heavy steel arm kept dropping down, I wished I had shown more determination ___________(defend) my position. 【0-2024雅礼高二上入学】Evidence from orca（虎鲸） stomachs shows they do occasionally eat pilot whales(巨头鲸). But pilot whales can mob(成群围攻) and chase them away, the only cetaceans(鲸目动物) seen ___________(defend) themselves from the strong enemies in this way. 6.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 【变形】 consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv. 所以；因此；结果 【拓展】 as a consequence＝in consequence 结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故 【高考范例】 ◎Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. 尽管这些酷孩子看起来令人羡慕, 普林斯坦博士的研究显示了不愉快的后果。 ◎ I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. 我想知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话。 ◎This belief in "post-industrial society" has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies. 这种对“后工业社会”的信念导致这些国家忽视了他们的制造业，对他们的经济产生了负面影响。 ◎For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. 对于机器来说，这种品质既不是天生的，也不是人类引入的; 这是一个简单事实的逻辑推论，即如果机器坏了，它就不能达到它最初的目的。 【习题】 1. The warming of the earth and the _______________ (consequence) climatic changes impact on us all. 2. Finally the young man broke down ____________________________________________ great stress.因为压力太大，最后那个年轻人崩溃了。 3. My car broke down and _________________ (consequent) I was late for the important meeting. 4. The young man was often late for work. As a result，he was fired by the company. →______________________________________________________ 【2024麓山高三上入学】The feeling that we are left out has long-term damaging psychological _________(consequence) . 【2025雅礼上高二上段考】When we misjudged a situation in the past, we got immediate feedback. But technology can place the _________(consequence) of our missteps at a distance. 【2024麓山高二上月考1】Being bullied is a frustrating and painful experience. Online bullying can really hurt others, and it can have serious_________(consequence) . RSentences 1.With pollution levels on the rise.. 随着污染水平的上升…… 【拓展】 本句中“with+n.+介词短语”为with复合结构，在句中常作状语、定语等。 【with复合结构】 adj/adv/介词短语(表示状态） doing（表示主动意义，强调动作正在进行） with+n./pron. + 宾补 done(表示被动意义，强调动作的完成） to do(表示尚未发生的动作) ◎She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides. 她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。 ◎With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home. 有这个男孩带路，我们找到他家没有困难。 ◎With the key lost,he had to wait outside the door. 由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。 ◎With so much work to do,I have no time for a holiday. 有那么多工作要做，我没有时间去度假。 【习题】 ① With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle), the manager felt worried all the time. ② John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______ (finish), he gladly accepted it. ③ The day was bright, with a fresh breeze _______ (blow). ④ I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes _____ (fix) on the ceiling. ⑤ With all the work _____ (do), I won't have time to go out. ⑥这个男孩低着头站在那儿。 The boy stood there _________________. 1.（2025年全国一卷应用文）I prefer "Fun at my school" ____________________ __________________________________. 我更倾向于“校园趣事”这个栏目，它聚焦于分享有趣的校园瞬间。 2.（2025年全国一卷应用文）__________________________ like sports meets or club activities, this column will attract more readers. 随着学生们记录运动会、社团活动等日常乐趣，这个栏目将会吸引更多读者。 3.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）_______________________ and health problems troubling him, the dog was more than a pet—it was his emotional support. 妻子离世，健康问题又困扰着他，这只狗早已不只是一只宠物——它是他的情感支柱。 4.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）Determined to make amends, I discussed with my wife, who immediately agreed to bake some biscuits for my brother, ____________ ______________________________. 我决心弥补过错，便与妻子商量，她立刻同意为弟弟烤一些饼干，并在食谱中加入了托比最爱的花生酱口味(peanut butter flavor)。 5.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）I knocked gently, ____________________ in case he still refused to talk to me. 我轻轻敲了敲门，心跳得很快，生怕他仍然拒绝和我说话。 6.（2025年全国一卷读后续写）When he opened the door, Toby, ___________ _____________, rushed to greet me first. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $