Unit 1 Nature in the balance 词汇 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册

2025-2026学年第一学期高一直升班单元重点词汇导学 Book 3 Unit 1 编写人：林天瑀 2025.1.15 一、知识清单 话题 人与自然：环境与环境保护 重点词汇及变型 1.harm n.& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2.length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅,（电影）片长→long adj.长的 3.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变体→vary v.变化→various adj.各种各样的 4.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n.幸存；生还→survivor n.幸存者 5.disappear vi.灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n.消失→appear vi.出现 6.extinction n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 7.application n.应用；申请→apply v.应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n.申请人 8.organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n.组织者→organized adj.有组织的 9.absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 10.entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 11.defenc(s)e n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 12.economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家 13.poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 14.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家 15.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此；结果 16.further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.& adv.远的（地）→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地 17.strategy n.策略；策划→strategic adj.策略的；战略性的→strategically adv.策略地；战略性地 18. global adj.全球的;全面的→adv. globally 全球的；全局地→n. globe 地球；地球仪；球体→ n. globalization 全球化 短语 1. breathe life into 带来活力；注入活力 2. in turn 反过来 3. break down分解 4. have an impact on对.........有影响 5. build up逐渐增加，扩大，加强 6. take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 7. call for （公开）要求；需要；呼吁 8. spring to mind 跃入（脑海） (sprang sprung) 9. get rid of 摆脱 10. tend to do = have a tendency to do倾向于做 11. in defence (defense) of 为某人做辩护 = in one's defence (defense) 维护某⼈ 12. be concerned about关心........ 13. take measures to采取措施 14. lift people out of poverty 使.......脱贫 15. large amounts of 大量的.......... 16. do harm to对.........有害 17. give rise to 导致......... ( gave given ) 18. go extinct灭绝 19. (be) close to extinction 濒临灭绝 20. for instance例如 21. be poor in缺乏.......... 22. state the importance of 陈述.......的重要性 23. advance economic growth推动经济增长 24. make eye contact with与.........眼神交流 25. raise environmental awareness 提高环保意识 26. at the price of 以........为代价 27. live in harmony with 与........和谐相处 28. brazil nut 巴西坚果 29. water lily 睡莲 30. due to 由于，因为 31. come up with (came come) 想出，想到 重点句型 1.句式：名词短语作同位语 Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。 2.句式：“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length ... 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米…… 3.句式：完全倒装 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。 4.句式：while引导让步状语从句 While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 5.句式：so＋助动词＋主语 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 6.句式：even though引导让步状语从句 We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程中的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 7.句式：it作形式主语 It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. 我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。 语法 省略句 写作 倡议书：呼吁人们保护动植物和环境 二、重点单词讲解 1. harm n. 伤害，损害 vt. 伤害，损害→ adj. harmful有伤害的 → adj. harmless无害的 【教材原句】人类已经（对…）造成了许多的破坏。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】 对…作出伤害 do/cause harm to = be harmful to 做某事是个好主意/没有坏处。 There is no harm in doing sth. = It is no harm to do sth. 【运用】 (1) The sandstorms ___ ______ ___ many plants and houses.沙尘暴对我们很多的植物和房子造成了巨大的伤害。 (2) 普遍被认可的是吸烟有害健康。 It is generally accepted that smoking____ ________ _____ our health. It is generally accepted that smoking____ ________ ______ our health. 2.ecosystem n. 生态系统 【教材原句】它在维持地球微妙的生态系统平衡上发挥着重要的作用。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】n. ecology 生态；生态学 adj. eco- 生态的；环境的 adj. eco-friendly 生态友好的 【运用】森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 There are highly __________ and __________ balanced _____________ in the forest. 这个独特的生态系统可能很快就会面临压力。This unique ___________may soon be  ________  ___________.  3.length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长 【教材原句】这片得名于亚马逊河的雨林长度接近6400公里，大概比长江长了100公里。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】规律： adj.→n.→v. long → length→ lengthen strong → strength → strengthen high → height → heighten wide → width → widen deep → depth → deepen large → largeness → enlarge 两米长/宽/高/深 two meters in length/width/height/depth = two meters long/wide/high/deep 终于，最后；详细地，充分地 at length=in detail 【运用】He was disgusted at ____ ________ ____ ______ he had to wait.他非常讨厌要等那么长时间。 We have already discussed this matter ____ _______.我们已经十分详尽地讨论了这个问题。 4.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 【教材原句】它们使得这个地区拥有了地球上最丰富的生物多样性，世界上十分之一的已知物种能在这里找到。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】n. biology生物学 adj. bio- 生物的;人生的 n. biotechnology 生物科技 n. biochemistry 生物化学 vt. diversify使多样化→ adj. diverse多种多样的→ n. diversity多样化；差异性 【运用】我国是个多山的国家，拥有丰富的生物多样性资源。 China is a mountainous country _____ rich ____________ _______________. 他们仅承诺维持现有森林面积，并不保证林区生物的多样性。 Their commitment was only to _________ the extent of forests, not their _____________. 5.variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 【教材原句】雨林的不同层次为种类多到难以置信的野生动植物提供了生存环境。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ unbelievable 去e加able 【拓展】vi. vary 改变，变化 → adj. various各种各样的 在A和B之间变化 vary from A to B 各种各样的花 various flowers = a variety of flowers = varieties of flowers 【运用】 每代人的娱乐方式各不相同。 The entertainment styles ______ ______ generation ___ generation. This tool can be used in ________/ ___ ________ ___ /________ ___ways.这一工具有多种用途。(3种) 6.survive 【教材原句】尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】 vi. 生存，存活 靠...生存 survive on sth vt. 幸存，幸免于难 在地震/灾难中幸免遇难 survive the earthquake/disaster →n. survival 幸存 生存技巧 survival skills n. survivor 幸存者 联想记忆：vt . → n. refuse → refusal arrive → arrival remove → removal approve → approval propose → proposal 【运用】 After he __________the earthquake, the old man became one of the___________ and his __________ brought his old friends a very merry moment. （survive） 7.in turn 相应地，转而 【教材原句】相应地，这些青蛙以吃树叶和水果的昆虫为食。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】 (1)相应地，转而 ①增加生产会继而增加利润。 Increased production will, ____ ______, lead to increased profits. ②The economic slowdown led to a decrease in consumer spending, which in turn forced many small businesses to cut costs, lay off employees, and even face the risk of bankruptcy, ultimately causing a negative impact on the overall employment situation and social stability. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ (2)依次；轮流 take turns to do sth = do sth in turn 孩子们轮流讲故事，每个人都试图用自己的创造力胜过其他人。他们围坐在篝火旁依次进行。(读后续写) The children ______ _______ to tell stories, each trying to _______ the others with their __________. They did this ___ ________, sitting in a _______ around the campfire. 8.break down 使分解（为） 【教材原句】美洲豹死后，一支微生物军队会助力分解它的尸体，让营养素重回土壤之中。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【用法】 (1) The car broke down on the way to work and it can’t start again. 汽车在上班途中_________了,无法再启动。 (2) She broke down in tears when she heard the bad news. 听到这个坏消息，她______________。 (3) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.（被动用法） 水可以_________氢气和氧气。 Let's break down this complex problem into smaller, more manageable ones. 我们把这个复杂的问题_________更小、更易处理的问题。 (4) The peace talks broke down due to differences in their demands. 由于双方需求存在分歧，和平谈判_________了。 (5) We need to break down the barriers between different departments. 我们需要_________不同部门之间的障碍。 中文意思：________________________________________________________________________________ 补充高频短语： break into 强行闯入，撬开 break off 断开；折断；中断 break out 爆发 break through突破；突围 break up 分手；（关系）破裂 【运用】 (1) We are going to have a get-together before we__________ for the summer vacation. A. break down B. break out C. break through D. break up (2) The computer system _____suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 9.breathe life into 给…带来起色， 注入活力 【教材原句】亚马逊雨林通过固定碳，并生成超过全球20%的氧气来给这个星球注入活力。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【用法】 他的到来给公司注入了活力。 His coming _________ ____ _____ the company. 这次具有挑战性的徒步旅行给我的自我探索之旅注入了活力。这不仅考验了我的身体极限，还让我突破了心理障碍。(读后续写) This ___________ hiking trip ___________ ______ ______ my self - exploration journey, ______ ______ ______ tested my ______ limits ______ ______ allowed me to break through ______ ______. 10.impact 【教材原句】随着人类活动影响的不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】 n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 对...（没）有影响 have/make an /no impact on vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击 受到...影响 impact on/upon be impacted by/ 同义词组： have an effect/influence on= make a difference to 【运用】 父亲去世对她的童年造成巨大影响。 Her father's death impacted greatly __________ her childhood years. 他们称他们预期会议对国家的未来会产生显著影响。 They say they expect the meeting to have ___ __________ _________ ____ the future of the country 11.damage 【用法】vt. 损害，伤害， 损坏，破坏 损害某人的健康名誉 damage one's health/reputation n. 损害，伤害， 损坏，破坏 对...造成损害 do/cause damage to 【辨析】damage 指部分性“破坏”“损坏”，可修复 destroy 指彻底、不能或很难修复的“破坏”“损坏” ruin 指严重的“毁坏”，侧重破坏事物的内在价值 【运用】工厂排放的污染正在破坏附近河流的生态系统。河水变得污浊，许多鱼类和植物正在死亡。 Pollution from factories ___ ___________ _____ ___________ of the nearby river. The water has become ______ , and many fish and plants are dying. 学校艺术节正如火如荼地进行着，但突然发生了意外。一些灯光剧烈闪烁，然后彻底熄灭，破坏了演出的完美氛围。(读后续写) The school art festival was ___ ______ ________, but a sudden accident happened. Some of the lights _________ violently and then ___ ______ completely, __________ the perfect atmosphere of the performance. 12.call for （公开）要求；需要; 呼吁 【教材原句】有人呼吁应用现代技术,也有人呼吁改变生活方式。（P 6） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【用法】 空气污染问题需要我们的特别关注。Air pollution _____ _____ our special concern. 对此类状况的第一反应是要求所有医院都采取相应的安全措施。 The first _______ to this kind of condition is _____ _____ _____ proper safety security in all hospitals. 补充短语： call on sb 拜访某人 call at one's house 去某人家拜访 call after 以某人的名字命名 call in 召集 call off 取消 call on 号召,请求 call sb on +号码 拨打……找某人 13.defenc(s)e n. 辩护； 防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 【教材原句】不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【拓展】 v. defend 保卫；防守 adj. defensive 自卫的；防御用的 (1) in defence of为保卫……；为……作辩护 in one's defence为某人辩护 a defence against对……的防御物 flood defences防洪设施 (2) defend vi.& vt.保护，防护；防卫 defend sb. against/from...保卫……免受…… 【运用】 他开始大声呼喊并挥舞双臂为自己作防御，试图吓退这头熊。(读后续写) He started to shout loudly and ______ his arms ______ _______ ______ himself, trying to intimidate the bear and make it back off. 当熊发起攻击时，他迅速抓起一根粗树枝来保卫自己免受熊的伤害。(读后续写) When the bear ______ an attack, he quickly grabbed a thick stick to ______ _______ ______ it. 高一直升班词汇讲义专项 B3 U1 第 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年第一学期高一直升班单元重点词汇导学 Book 3 Unit 1(答案) 编写人：林天瑀 2025.1.15 一、知识清单 话题 人与自然：环境与环境保护 词汇 1.harm n.& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2.length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅,（电影）片长→long adj.长的 3.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变体→vary v.变化→various adj.各种各样的 4.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n.幸存；生还→survivor n.幸存者 5.disappear vi.灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n.消失→appear vi.出现 6.extinction n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 7.application n.应用；申请→apply v.应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n.申请人 8.organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n.组织者→organized adj.有组织的 9.absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 10.entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 11.defenc(s)e n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 12.economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家 13.poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 14.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n.化学→chemist n.化学家 15.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此；结果 16.further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.& adv.远的（地）→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地 17.strategy n.策略；策划→strategic adj.策略的；战略性的→strategically adv.策略地；战略性地 18. global adj.全球的;全面的→adv. globally 全球的；全局地→n. globe 地球；地球仪；球体→ n. globalization 全球化 短语 1. breathe life into 带来活力；注入活力 2. in turn 反过来 3. break down分解 4. have an impact on对.........有影响 5. build up逐渐增加，扩大，加强 6. take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 7. call for （公开）要求；需要；呼吁 8. spring to mind 跃入（脑海） (sprang sprung) 9. get rid of 摆脱 10. tend to do = have a tendency to do倾向于做 11. in defence (defense) of 为某人做辩护 = in one's defence (defense) 维护某⼈ 12. be concerned about关心........ 13. take measures to采取措施 14. lift people out of poverty 使.......脱贫 15. large amounts of 大量的.......... 16. do harm to对.........有害 17. give rise to 导致......... ( gave given ) 18. go extinct灭绝 19. (be) close to extinction 濒临灭绝 20. for instance例如 21. be poor in缺乏.......... 22. state the importance of 陈述.......的重要性 23. advance economic growth推动经济增长 24. make eye contact with与.........眼神交流 25. raise environmental awareness 提高环保意识 26. at the price of 以........为代价 27. live in harmony with 与........和谐相处 28. brazil nut 巴西坚果 29. water lily 睡莲 30. due to 由于，因为 31. come up with (came come) 想出，想到 句型 1.句式：名词短语作同位语 Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。 2.句式：“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length ... 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米…… 3.句式：完全倒装 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。 4.句式：while引导让步状语从句 While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 5.句式：so＋助动词＋主语 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 6.句式：even though引导让步状语从句 We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程中的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 7.句式：it作形式主语 It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. 我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。 语法 省略句 写作 倡议书：呼吁人们保护动物 二、重点单词讲解 1. harm n. 伤害，损害 vt. 伤害，损害→ adj. harmful有伤害的 → adj. harmless无害的 【教材原句】人类已经（对…）造成了许多的破坏。The human race has done much harm. 【用法】 对…作出伤害 do/cause harm to = be harmful to 做某事是个好主意/没有坏处。 There is no harm in doing sth. = It is no harm to do sth. 【运用】 The sandstorms ______________ many plants and houses.沙尘暴对我们很多的植物和房子造成了巨大的伤害。 【答案】did great harm to It is generally accepted that smoking_______________ our health. 普遍被认可的是吸烟有害健康。 【答案】is harmful to does damage to 2. ecosystem n. 生态系统 【教材原句】它在维持地球微妙的生态系统平衡上发挥着重要的作用。 It plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem. 【用法】 n. ecology 生态；生态学 adj. eco- 生态的；环境的 adj. eco-friendly 生态友好的 【运用】 There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced _____________ in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 【答案】ecosystems This unique ___________may soon be under pressure. 这个独特的生态系统可能很快就会面临压力。 【答案】ecosystem  3.length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长 【教材原句】这片得名于亚马逊河的雨林长度接近6400公里，大概比长江长了100公里。 The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometers in length- roughly 100 kilometers longer than the Yangtze River. 【用法】 规律： adj.→n.→v. long→length→lengthen strong→strength→strengthen high→height→heighten wide→width→widen deep→depth→deepen 两米长/宽/高/深 two meters in length/width/height/depth = two meters long/wide/high/deep 终于，最后；详细地，充分地 at length=in detail 【运用】 He was disgusted at_____________ he had to wait.他非常讨厌要等那么长时间。 【答案】the length of time We have already discussed this matter ______________.我们已经详尽地讨论了这个问题。 【答案】at length 4.biodiversity n. 生物多样性 【教材原句】它们使得这个地区拥有了地球上最丰富的生物多样性，世界上十分之一的已知物种能在这里找到。 They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here. 【用法】 n. biology生物学 adj. bio- 生物的;人生的 n. biotechnology 生物科技 n. biochemistry 生物化学 →vt. diversify使多样化 adj. diverse多种多样的→n. diversity多样化；差异性 【运用】 China is a mountainous country with rich ______________. 我国是个多山的国家，拥有丰富的生物多样性资源。 【答案】biodiversity resources Their commitment was only to maintain the extent of forests, not their _____________. 他们仅承诺维持现有森林面积，并不保证林区生物的多样性。 【答案】biodiversity 5.variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 【教材原句】雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 【用法】 →vi. vary 改变，变化 在A和B之间变化 vary from A to B →adj. various 各种各样的各种各样的花 various flowers = a variety of flowers = varieties of flowers 【运用】 每代人的娱乐方式各不相同。 The entertainment styles vary from generation to generation. This tool can be used in_____________ways.这一工具有多种用途。 【答案】a variety of/ various /varieties of 6.survive [教材原句] 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. 【用法】 vi. 生存，存活 靠...生存 survive on sth vt. 幸存，幸免于难 在地震/灾难中幸免遇难 survive the earthquake/disaster →n. survival 幸存 生存技巧 survival skills n. survivor 幸存者 联想记忆： refuse → refusal arrive → arrival remove → removal approve → approval propose → proposal 【运用】 After he ________the earthquake, the old man became one of the________ and his ________ brought his old friends a very merry moment. 【答案】survived ; survivors; survival 7.in turn 相应地，转而 [教材原句] 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 【用法】 ①相应地，转而 增加生产会继而增加利润。 Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits. The economic slowdown led to a decrease in consumer spending, which in turn forced many small businesses to cut costs, lay off employees, and even face the risk of bankruptcy, ultimately causing a negative impact on the overall employment situation and social stability. 经济放缓导致消费者支出减少，这反过来又迫使许多小企业削减成本、裁员，甚至面临破产风险，最终对整体就业形势和社会稳定产生负面影响。 ②依次；轮流（take turns to do sth = do sth in turn) The children took turns to tell stories, each trying to outperform the others with their creativity. They did this in turn, sitting in a circle around the campfire. 孩子们轮流讲故事，每个人都试图用自己的创造力胜过其他人。他们围坐在篝火旁依次进行。 8.break down 使分解（为） [教材原句] 当美洲豹死后，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质返还给土壤。 When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 【用法】 1. The car broke down on the way to work and it can’t start again. 汽车在上班途中抛锚了,无法再启动。 2. She broke down in tears when she heard the bad news. 听到这个坏消息，她崩溃大哭。 3. Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解成氢气和氧气。 Let's break down this complex problem into smaller, more manageable ones. 我们把这个复杂的问题分解成更小、更易处理的问题。 4. The peace talks broke down due to differences in their demands. 由于双方需求存在分歧，和平谈判破裂了。 5. We need to break down the barriers between different departments. 我们需要打破不同部门之间的障碍。 补充短语： break into 强行闯入，撬开 break off 断开；折断；中断 break out 爆发 break through突破；突围 break up 分手；（关系）破裂 【运用】 We are going to have a get-together before we__________ for the summer vacation. A.break down B.break out C.break through D.break up 【答案】D The computer system _____suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke down B. broke out C. broke up D. broke in 【答案】A 9.breathe life into 给…带来起色， 注入活力 【教材原句】亚马逊雨林通过固定碳，并生成超过全球20%的氧气来给这个星球注入活力。 The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the plant by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen. 【用法】 他的到来给公司注入了活力。 His coming breathes life into the company. 这次具有挑战性的徒步旅行给我的自我探索之旅注入了活力。这不仅考验了我的身体极限，还让我突破了心理障碍。(读后续写) This challenging hiking trip breathed life into my self - exploration journey. It not only tested my physical limits but also allowed me to break through mental barriers. 10.impact [教材原句]As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后果吗？ 【用法】 n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 对...（没）有影响 have/make an /no impact on vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击 受到...影响 be impacted by 【运用】 Her father's death impacted greatly __________ her childhood years.父亲去世对她的童年造成巨大影响。 【答案】on They say they expect the meeting to have a tremendous_________on the future of the country 他们称他们预期会议对国家的未来会产生显著影响。 【答案】impact 11.damage 【用法】 vt. 损害，伤害， 损坏，破坏 损害某人的健康名誉 damage one's health/reputation n. 损害，伤害， 损坏，破坏 对...造成损害 do/cause damage to 【辨析】 damage 指部分性“破坏”“损坏”，可修复 destroy 指彻底、不能或很难修复的“破坏”“损坏” ruin 指严重的“毁坏”，侧重破坏事物的内在价值 【运用】 工厂排放的污染正在破坏附近河流的生态系统。河水变得污浊，许多鱼类和植物正在死亡。 Pollution from factories is damaging the ecosystem of the nearby river. The water has become dirty, and many fish and plants are dying. 学校艺术节正如火如荼地进行着，但突然发生了意外。一些灯光剧烈闪烁，然后彻底熄灭，破坏了演出的完美氛围。 The school art festival was in full swing, but a sudden accident happened. Some of the lights flickered violently and then went out completely, damaging the perfect atmosphere of the performance. 12.call for （公开）要求；需要 【教材原句】有人呼吁应用现代技术,也有人呼吁改变生活方式。（P 6） Some call for the application of modern technology,and others a change of lifestyle. 【用法】 空气污染问题需要我们的特别关注。Air pollution calls for our special concern. 对此类状况的第一反应是要求所有医院都采取相应的安全措施。 The first reaction to this kind of condition is to call for proper safety security in all hospitals. 补充短语： call on sb 拜访某人 call at one's house 去某人家拜访 call after 以某人的名字命名 call in 召集 call off 叫走 call on 号召,请求 call sb on +号码 拨打……找某人 13.defence n. 辩护； 防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 [教材原句]In defence of the factories, however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 【运用】v. defend 保卫；防守 adj. defensive 自卫的；防御用的 (1) in defence of为保卫……；为……作辩护 in one's defence为某人辩护 a defence against对……的防御物 flood defences防洪设施 (2) defend vi.& vt.保护，防护；防卫 defend sb. against/from...保卫……免受…… 他开始大声呼喊并挥舞双臂为自己作防御，试图吓退这头熊。 He started to shout loudly and wave his arms in defence of himself, trying to intimidate the bear and make it back off. 当熊发起攻击时，他迅速抓起一根粗树枝来保卫自己免受熊的伤害。 When the bear launched an attack, he quickly grabbed a thick stick to defend himself against it. 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $