Unit 6 Friendship 单元语法精讲巧练 -八年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练（新教材沪教版五四制）

**基本信息** 聚焦特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，构建“概念-规则-应用”三维训练体系，通过系统方法提炼与梯度训练提升语言运用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法精讲|核心结构/关键规则/易错点|陈述句语序规则、时态一致原则（主现从任/主过从过）、引导词选择策略|从概念定义到核心结构，再到语序/时态/引导词规则，形成完整语法逻辑链| |巩固训练|30题（单选10+完成10+提升10）|通过正误对比强化语序，情境应用巩固时态，辨析题突破引导词易错点|从基础规则辨析到综合情境应用，梯度提升语言理解与表达能力|

Unit 6 Friendship 单元语法讲与练 ( 单元语法精讲 ) 宾语从句（III）：特殊疑问词引导 一、语法精讲 特殊疑问词（what, who, where, when, why, how等）引导的宾语从句，用于转述特殊疑问句。 1. 核心结构 主句 + 特殊疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他（陈述句语序） · 原句： Where did you go? · 从句： I wonder where you went. 2. 关键规则 （1）语序规则（重中之重） 宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序（即：连接词+主语+谓语）。严禁保留疑问句的倒装语序（助动词提前）。 · 错： Do you know where is he? · 对： Do you know where he is? · 特例： 当疑问词本身在从句中作主语时，语序自然为主谓结构，无需调整。 · 例： Who broke the window? → I know who broke the window. （2）时态一致原则 · 主现从任：主句是一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。 · 例： I don't know where he will go tomorrow. · 主过从过：主句是一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来）。 · 例： He asked what I was doing then. · 客观真理不变：若从句表述客观真理、科学事实或永恒状态，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 · 例： The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. （3）引导词的选择 引导词取决于从句中缺失的成分或语境含义： · What: 指事物，作主语或宾语。（What did he say? → ...what he said.） · Who/Whom: 指人，作主语或宾语。（Who is she? → ...who she is.） · Where: 指地点。（Where do you live? → ...where you live.） · When: 指时间。（When will it start? → ...when it will start.） · Why: 指原因。（Why are you late? → ...why you are late.） · How: 指方式、程度、状况。（How can I get there? → ...how I can get there.） · Which: 指特定范围内的选择。（Which book do you like? → ...which book you like.） · Whose: 指所属关系。（Whose pen is this? → ...whose pen this is.） 3. 易错点辨析 （1）What vs. Which · What: 无范围限制，泛指“什么”。 · 例： What color do you like?（你喜欢什么颜色？——所有颜色中） · Which: 有明确范围，特指“哪一个”。 · 例： Which color do you prefer, red or blue?（你更喜欢哪种颜色，红还是蓝？） （2）How 的拓展搭配 · How many/much: 询问数量。 · How old/long/tall/far: 询问年龄、长度、高度、距离。 · How often: 询问频率。 · How soon: 询问“多久以后”（常用于将来时，回答用 in + 时间段）。 · 例： I wonder how soon he will come back. 【单元核心语法小结】 项目 核心内容 例句 引导词 转述特殊疑问句，用原疑问词： what / who / where / when / why / how Can you tell me where he is? 语序 一律陈述语序（主语+谓语） 疑问词作主语时，语序不变 错：I don’t know where did he go. 对：I don’t know where he went. 对：I don’t know who wrote the book. 时态 主现从不限；主过从必过 He asked how I felt that day. 助动词 不用 do /does/did 错：I don’t know what did she say. 对：I don’t know what she said. 常见用法 用于 think /wonder/ask /tell/know 后 I wonder who your best friend is. ( 语法巩固训练 ) Part 1 【基础训练】 一、单项选择(共10小题) 1．The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．traveled B．travels C．would travel D．had traveled 2．—Could you tell me ________? —Go along this street and turn left at the second crossing. A．how can I get to the bank B．how I can get to the bank C．where is the bank D．where the bank is 3．—Do you know ________? —Yes, he came here by subway. A．when he came here B．how he came here C．where he came from D．why he came here 4．I wonder ________ they will finish the work. A．how long B．how soon C．how often D．how far 5．—What did Tom say? —He asked me ________. A．who was I waiting for B．who I was waiting for C．who am I waiting for D．who I am waiting for 6．He didn’t tell me ____________. A．which room did he live B．which room he lives in C．which floor he lived on D．which room he lived 7．Kate isn’t sure ________. A．how many times has he been to Beijing B．what the matter is with the computer C．which bus can take her to school D．which hotel she can live in Shanghai 8．一I don't know . Can you give me some advice? 一How about Mo Yan's? He is famous now. A．whose novel I should buy B．whose novel should I buy C．where I can buy the novel D．where can I buy the novel 9．Peter doesn’t tell me when he ________. I’ll telephone you as soon as he ________. A．will come, comes B．will come, will come C．comes, will come D．comes, comes 10．—China’s 15th National Games will take place in November, 2025. The organizer has announced ________. —Oh, in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. How fantastic! A．where the National Games will be held B．how the National Games will be held C．who will take part in the National Games D．when the National Games will be held 二、完成句子（10 题） 1．我想知道他为什么昨天没来。（汉译英） I wonder ________ he ________ come yesterday. 2．请告诉我哪本书更适合你。（汉译英） Please tell me ________ ________ is more suitable for you. 3．你知道会议什么时候开始吗？（汉译英） Do you know ________ the meeting ________ ________? 4．老师问我们地球是否绕着太阳转。（汉译英） The teacher asked us ________ the earth ________ around the sun. 5．他问我怎样才能学好英语。（汉译英） He asked me ________ I ________ learn English well. 6．你能告诉我火车站在哪里吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 7．他说他两天后会回来。 ___________________________________________________________. 8．我不确定他是否知道答案。 ___________________________________________________________. 9．请问去邮局怎么走？（宾语从句+how） ___________________________________________________________. 10．他问我谁打破了窗户。（宾语从句主语提问） ___________________________________________________________. Part 2 【提升训练】 1. 你能告诉我他是谁吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 2. 我不知道他将什么时候回来。 ___________________________________________________________. 3. 你知道图书馆在哪里吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 4. 他问我为什么喜欢树。 ___________________________________________________________. 5. 我想知道怎样学好英语。 ___________________________________________________________. 6. 你能告诉我这是谁的钢笔吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 7. 他问我最喜欢哪本书。 ___________________________________________________________. 8. 我不知道他多大年纪。 ___________________________________________________________. 9. 你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 10. 老师问我们地球是否绕着太阳转。 ___________________________________________________________. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Friendship 单元语法讲与练 ( 单元语法精讲 ) 宾语从句（III）：特殊疑问词引导 一、语法精讲 特殊疑问词（what, who, where, when, why, how等）引导的宾语从句，用于转述特殊疑问句。 1. 核心结构 主句 + 特殊疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他（陈述句语序） · 原句： Where did you go? · 从句： I wonder where you went. 2. 关键规则 （1）语序规则（重中之重） 宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序（即：连接词+主语+谓语）。严禁保留疑问句的倒装语序（助动词提前）。 · 错： Do you know where is he? · 对： Do you know where he is? · 特例： 当疑问词本身在从句中作主语时，语序自然为主谓结构，无需调整。 · 例： Who broke the window? → I know who broke the window. （2）时态一致原则 · 主现从任：主句是一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况使用任何时态。 · 例： I don't know where he will go tomorrow. · 主过从过：主句是一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来）。 · 例： He asked what I was doing then. · 客观真理不变：若从句表述客观真理、科学事实或永恒状态，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 · 例： The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. （3）引导词的选择 引导词取决于从句中缺失的成分或语境含义： · What: 指事物，作主语或宾语。（What did he say? → ...what he said.） · Who/Whom: 指人，作主语或宾语。（Who is she? → ...who she is.） · Where: 指地点。（Where do you live? → ...where you live.） · When: 指时间。（When will it start? → ...when it will start.） · Why: 指原因。（Why are you late? → ...why you are late.） · How: 指方式、程度、状况。（How can I get there? → ...how I can get there.） · Which: 指特定范围内的选择。（Which book do you like? → ...which book you like.） · Whose: 指所属关系。（Whose pen is this? → ...whose pen this is.） 3. 易错点辨析 （1）What vs. Which · What: 无范围限制，泛指“什么”。 · 例： What color do you like?（你喜欢什么颜色？——所有颜色中） · Which: 有明确范围，特指“哪一个”。 · 例： Which color do you prefer, red or blue?（你更喜欢哪种颜色，红还是蓝？） （2）How 的拓展搭配 · How many/much: 询问数量。 · How old/long/tall/far: 询问年龄、长度、高度、距离。 · How often: 询问频率。 · How soon: 询问“多久以后”（常用于将来时，回答用 in + 时间段）。 · 例： I wonder how soon he will come back. 【单元核心语法小结】 项目 核心内容 例句 引导词 转述特殊疑问句，用原疑问词： what / who / where / when / why / how Can you tell me where he is? 语序 一律陈述语序（主语+谓语） 疑问词作主语时，语序不变 错：I don’t know where did he go. 对：I don’t know where he went. 对：I don’t know who wrote the book. 时态 主现从不限；主过从必过 He asked how I felt that day. 助动词 不用 do /does/did 错：I don’t know what did she say. 对：I don’t know what she said. 常见用法 用于 think /wonder/ask /tell/know 后 I wonder who your best friend is. ( 语法巩固训练 ) Part 1 【基础训练】 一、单项选择(共10小题) 1．The teacher told us that light ________ faster than sound. A．traveled B．travels C．would travel D．had traveled 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 考查宾语从句时态。虽然主句told是过去时，但从句“光比声音快”是客观真理，始终用一般现在时。故选B。 2．—Could you tell me ________? —Go along this street and turn left at the second crossing. A．how can I get to the bank B．how I can get to the bank C．where is the bank D．where the bank is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎么去银行吗？——沿着这条街走，在第二个十字路口左转。 考查宾语从句语序及引导词。宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除A、C；根据答语是指路（方式），应用how引导，而非where（地点）。故选B。 3．—Do you know ________? —Yes, he came here by subway. A．when he came here B．how he came here C．where he came from D．why he came here 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道他是怎么来这里的吗？——是的，他乘地铁来的。 考查宾语从句引导词。答语“by subway”表示交通方式，故问句应用how提问。故选B。 4．I wonder ________ they will finish the work. A．how long B．how soon C．how often D．how far 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道他们多久以后能完成这项工作。 考查疑问词组辨析。will finish表示将来，how soon用于询问“多久以后”，常与将来时连用，回答用in+时间段。how long问时长，how often问频率，how far问距离。故选B。 5．—What did Tom say? —He asked me ________. A．who was I waiting for B．who I was waiting for C．who am I waiting for D．who I am waiting for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Tom说了什么？——他问我在等谁。 考查宾语从句语序和时态。主句asked是过去时，从句应用过去时态，排除C、D；从句需用陈述语序，排除A。故选B。 6．He didn’t tell me ____________. A．which room did he live B．which room he lives in C．which floor he lived on D．which room he lived 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有告诉我他住在哪层楼。 考查宾语从句。根据“He didn’t tell me…”可知，句子为宾语从句，主从句时态应保持一致，从句时态应为一般过去时。宾语从句语序应为陈述句语序，即特殊疑问词+主+谓。live“居住”，不及物动词，不能直接接宾语，需跟上相应的介词，floor前应接介词on。故选C。 7．Kate isn’t sure ________. A．how many times has he been to Beijing B．what the matter is with the computer C．which bus can take her to school D．which hotel she can live in Shanghai 【答案】C 【详解】句意：凯特不确定哪辆公交车可以带她去学校。 考查宾语从句。how many times has he been to Beijing他去过北京多少次；what the matter is with the computer错误表达，what’s the matter作宾语从句时，语序不变，排除B；which bus can take her to school哪辆公交车可以带她去学校；which hotel she can live in Shanghai她可以住上海的哪家酒店。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A项；D选项in Shanghai作状语，但是live表示“居住”，hotel作其宾语时，需要live后面用介词搭配，正确的表达为“which hotel in Shanghai she can live in”。C项没有问题，故选C。 8．一I don't know . Can you give me some advice? 一How about Mo Yan's? He is famous now. A．whose novel I should buy B．whose novel should I buy C．where I can buy the novel D．where can I buy the novel 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一我不知道该买谁写的小说。你能给我一些建议吗? 一莫言的怎么样?他现在很有名。A. whose novel I should buy，询问“某人的”，陈述语序；B. whose novel should I buy询问“某人的”，疑问语序；C. where I can buy the novel我可以在哪里买到小说，陈述语序；D. where can I buy the novel我可以在哪里买到小说，疑问语序。根据答语可知，本句为询问“人”的宾语从句，且用陈述语序。故选A。 9．Peter doesn’t tell me when he ________. I’ll telephone you as soon as he ________. A．will come, comes B．will come, will come C．comes, will come D．comes, comes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：彼得没有告诉我他什么时候会来。他一到我就给你打电话。 考查时态。will come将会来，一般将来时；comes来，一般现在时第三人称单数。第一空，为when引导宾语从句，根据主句“doesn’t tell me”可知，“come”是将要发生的动作，应用一般将来时will come。第二空，为as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句“I’ll telephone you”为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时comes表将来。故选A。 10．—China’s 15th National Games will take place in November, 2025. The organizer has announced ________. —Oh, in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. How fantastic! A．where the National Games will be held B．how the National Games will be held C．who will take part in the National Games D．when the National Games will be held 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——第十五届全运会将于2025年11月举行。组织者已经宣布了全运会的举办地。——噢，在粤港澳大湾区。多么神奇！ 二、完成句子（10 题） 1．我想知道他为什么昨天没来。（汉译英） I wonder ________ he ________ come yesterday. 【答案】why; didn't 【详解】宾语从句，询问原因用why；根据yesterday可知从句用一般过去时，否定借助于didn't。 2．请告诉我哪本书更适合你。（汉译英） Please tell me ________ ________ is more suitable for you. 【答案】which book 【详解】在有范围（隐含对比）的情况下，询问“哪一本”用which book。 3．你知道会议什么时候开始吗？（汉译英） Do you know ________ the meeting ________ ________? 【答案】when; will start / begins 【详解】宾语从句，询问时间用when；会议尚未开始，可用一般将来时will start或一般现在时表将来begins。 4．老师问我们地球是否绕着太阳转。（汉译英） The teacher asked us ________ the earth ________ around the sun. 【答案】if/whether; goes 【详解】宾语从句，一般疑问句转化用if或whether；客观真理用一般现在时goes。 5．他问我怎样才能学好英语。（汉译英） He asked me ________ I ________ learn English well. 【答案】how; could 【详解】宾语从句，询问方式用how；主句asked是过去时，从句用过去将来时could。 6．你能告诉我火车站在哪里吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 【答案】Could you tell me where the train station is? 【详解】考查where引导的宾语从句，需用陈述语序。 7．他说他两天后会回来。 ___________________________________________________________. 【答案】He said that he would come back in two days. 【详解】主句said为过去时，从句“两天后”相对于过去是将来的动作，故用过去将来时would come back。 8．我不确定他是否知道答案。 ___________________________________________________________. 【答案】I am not sure if/whether he knows the answer. 【详解】考查if/whether引导的宾语从句，表示“是否”。 9．请问去邮局怎么走？（宾语从句+how） ___________________________________________________________. 【答案】Could you please tell me how to get to the post office? / ...how I can get to the post office? 【详解】考查how引导的宾语从句或“how+不定式”结构。 10．他问我谁打破了窗户。（宾语从句主语提问） ___________________________________________________________. 【答案】He asked me who broke the window. 【详解】考查who作主语时的宾语从句，语序无需改变（本身就是主谓结构），时态随主句变为过去时broke。 Part 2 【提升训练】 1. 你能告诉我他是谁吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 答案：Can you tell me who he is? 2. 我不知道他将什么时候回来。 ___________________________________________________________. 答案：I don’t know when he will come back. 3. 你知道图书馆在哪里吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 答案：Do you know where the library is? 4. 他问我为什么喜欢树。 ___________________________________________________________. 答案：He asked me why I liked trees. 5. 我想知道怎样学好英语。 ___________________________________________________________. 答案：I wonder how I can learn English well. 6. 你能告诉我这是谁的钢笔吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 答案：Can you tell me whose pen this is? 7. 他问我最喜欢哪本书。 ___________________________________________________________. 答案：He asked me which book I liked best. 8. 我不知道他多大年纪。 ___________________________________________________________. 答案：I don’t know how old he is. 9. 你知道会议什么时候开始吗？ ___________________________________________________________. 答案：Do you know when the meeting will start? 10. 老师问我们地球是否绕着太阳转。 ___________________________________________________________. 答案：The teacher asked us if the earth goes around the sun. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $