Unit 1 课文知识预习+巩固练习（导学案）新五年级英语暑假自学课（外研版三起·新教材）

外研版三起新五年级暑假自学课 Unit 1 单元知识整合 一、必会词汇 plate 盘，碟 group 群体 food group 食物类别 fruit 水果 candy 糖果 chocolate 巧克力，朱古力 cola 可乐 chips 炸薯条；炸薯片 soup 汤 potato 马铃薯，土豆 choose 挑选，选择 meat 肉 letter 信，函 stomach 胃 enough 足够 that's enough 够了 bad 不好的，糟糕的，坏的 bread 面包 a few 一些，几个 biscuit 饼干 heavy 沉重的 sleepy 困倦的，瞌睡的 always 总是，一直 change 变化，改变 healthy 健康的；有益健康的 problem 问题，难题；困难 slow 慢下来；缓慢的 whoa 冷静，慢些 oats 燕麦 nut 坚果；果仁 bar 块，条，棒，根 teaspoon 茶匙；一茶匙之量 sugar 糖 bottle 瓶子；一瓶之量 oil 植物油，动物油 snack 小吃，点心 二、重点短语 on your plate 在你的盘子里 too much 太多（+ 不可数名词） some vegetables 一些蔬菜 be good for 对…… 有益 bad for 对…… 有害 a lot of 许多（+ 可数 / 不可数） some vegetables 一些蔬菜 some fresh fruit 一些新鲜水果 a piece of bread 一片面包 a bowl of soup 一碗汤 too much candy 太多糖果 too much meat 太多肉 a lot of rice 许多米饭 healthy food 健康食物 unhealthy food 不健康食物 sweet food 甜食 fresh vegetables 新鲜蔬菜 be good for 对…… 有益 be bad for 对…… 有害 be good for your health 对你的健康有益 be bad for your teeth 对你的牙齿有害 keep healthy 保持健康 have a healthy diet 拥有健康的饮食 eat well 吃得好 eat slowly 慢慢吃 three meals a day 一日三餐 三、核心句型 1. What’s on your plate? 你盘子里有什么？ There is some bread and a potato. 有一些面包和一个土豆。 2. What do you have for breakfast? 你早餐吃什么？ I have milk and bread. 我喝牛奶、吃面包。 3. You should have some vegetables. 你应该吃些蔬菜。 4. I always eat healthy food. 我总是吃健康的食物。 5. Candy is bad for your teeth. 糖果对你的牙齿有害。 4、 重难点突破 1.祈使句否定句： Don't take too much. 别拿太多。 否定句句型： Don't + 动词原形 + ......（无人称、无三单、永远用原形）. 用来表达 “不要做……/ 别做……”，语气较强或表提醒、禁止。 例句：Don’t eat too much candy. 不要吃太多糖果。 Don’t waste food. 不要浪费食物。 Don’t drink too much cola. 不要喝太多可乐。 【进阶训练】写出否定句 1. Eat more candy. → _______________ 2. Waste water. → _______________解析： 第一句：Eat more candy.（多吃糖） 否定形式直接在句首加 Don't，动词仍用原形 eat，即：Don't eat more candy.（不要多吃糖）。 第二句：Waste water.（浪费水） 同理，句首加 Don't，动词用原形 waste，即：Don't waste water.（不要浪费水）。 2.可数名词 vs 不可数名词 1. 定义 可数名词：可以数个数，有单数、复数。 不可数名词：不能直接数个数，没有复数，不能直接用 a/an。 类别 特点 举例 用法 可数名词 可计数， 有单复数 plate → plates 盘子 potato → potatoes 土豆（es） vegetable → vegetables 蔬菜 apple → apples 苹果 可用 a/an, many, some 不可数名词 不可计数， 无复数 bread 面包 (a piece of bread) soup 汤 (a bowl of soup) water 水 rice 米饭 candy 糖果 （表总称不可数；表小块可数） 不用 a/an, 用 much, some, a piece of 2. 数量表示： ① 名词单数变复数，牢记规则分清楚： 名词的单数：用a/an; 名词的复数：可以用some, a lot of, many修饰 1) 一般情况直接 s； 2) s/x/sh/ch 加上 es； 3) 辅音 + o 土豆番茄 es； 4) f/fe 变 v 再加 es； 5) 辅音 + y 变 i 加 es； ② 不可数名词数量表示： 1) Some, a lot of , much + 不可数名词 2) 数词 + 量词 (单 / 复) + of + 不可数名词 常见的量词： 量词 意思 例子 piece 片、块、张 a piece of bread 一片面包 two pieces of bread 两片面包 bowl 碗 a bowl of soup 一碗汤 three bowls of soup 三碗汤 glass/cup 杯 a glass of water 一杯水 two cups of milk 两杯牛奶 bag 袋 a bag of rice 一袋米饭 【进阶训练】用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I have two ______ (potato). 2.There are three ______ (piece) of bread. 3.Too much ______ (candy) is bad for us. 4.I see many ______ (tooth) in the picture. 5.Four ______ (bowl) of soup are on the table. 解析：本题考查名词的用法。 1. potatoes 解析：two（两个）后接可数名词复数。potato 是以辅音字母 + o结尾的名词，变复数加 -es。 2. pieces 解析：three（三个）后接可数名词复数。piece 为规则变化，直接加 -s；a piece of bread 表示 “一片面包”，数量变化体现在量词 piece 上。 3. candy 解析：too much 只能修饰不可数名词。此处 candy 泛指糖果这一类事物，作不可数名词，用原形。 4. teeth 解析：many（许多）后接可数名词复数。tooth 属于不规则变化，复数形式为 teeth。 5. bowls 解析：four（四个）后接可数名词复数。bowl 是规则变化，直接加 -s。 3. should的用法 1. 含义 should = 应该，表建议、劝告、责任；语气比 must 温和。 2. 结构（无人称变化，后接动词原形） 肯定：主语 + should + 动词原形 否定：主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形 疑问：Should + 主语 + 动词原形？ 3. 例句（健康饮食建议） You should eat more vegetables. 你应该多吃蔬菜。 You shouldn’t eat too much candy. 你不应该吃太多糖。 Should I drink more water? 我应该多喝水吗？ Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn’t. 【进阶训练】 一、根据生活常识填空： 1.You ______ eat more vegetables. They are healthy. 2.You ______ eat too much candy. It's bad for your teeth. 3.We ______ drink enough water every day. 4.You ______ watch TV for too long. It's not good for your eyes. 5.We ______ keep our bodies healthy. 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 6.You should ______ (eat) fresh fruit. 7.We shouldn't ______ (waste) food. 8.She should ______ (have) some soup for lunch. 9.They shouldn't ______ (play) games all day. 10.I should ______ (drink) more milk. 一、根据生活常识填空 1. should 解析：蔬菜有益健康，按照常识应该多吃，故填 should（应该）。 2. shouldn't 解析：糖果对牙齿有害，不应该多吃，shouldn't 是 should not 的缩写，意为 “不应该”。 3. should 解析：每天饮用足量的水对身体有益，我们应该这样做。 4. shouldn't 解析：长时间看电视伤害眼睛，所以不应该这样做。 5. should 解析：保持身体健康是我们应该做的事。 二、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 核心考点：should /shouldn't 后必须接动词原形，不受主语人称、单复数影响。 1. eat 解析：should 后接动词原形，所以用 eat。 2. waste 解析：shouldn't 属于情态动词否定形式，后面依旧搭配动词原形。 3. have 解析：主语为 she，情态动词无人称变化，后接动词原形 have。 4. play 解析：shouldn't 后统一使用动词原形，故填 play。 5. drink 解析：should 后接动词原形，因此填 drink。 4. There be 的句型 1. 基本结构（现在时） There is + 单数 / 不可数名词 + 地点 There are + 复数名词 + 地点 2. 例句 There is some soup on the table.（不可数→is） There is a potato on your plate.（单数→is） There are some vegetables in the bowl.（复数→are） 3. 否定：There isn’t/aren’t + 名词… There isn’t any bread. 4. 疑问：Is/Are there + 名词…? Are there any potatoes? 5. 就近原则（重点） 当有两个名词时，be 动词看第一个名词： There is some bread and two potatoes.（看 bread→is） There are two potatoes and some bread.（看 potatoes→are） 【进阶训练】用 is/are 填空 1.There ______(be) some milk in the glass. 2.There ______(be) three apples on the plate. 3.There ______ (be) a banana and some oranges. 4.There ______ (be) any soup on the plate. 5.There ______ (be) two potatoes and some bread in the bowl. 6.There ______ (be not) any candies in the box. 7.There ______ (be) a piece of bread on the table. 解析：本题考查There be句型的用法。 1. is。解析：milk（牛奶）是不可数名词，搭配 be 动词 is。 2. are。解析：three apples（三个苹果）是可数名词复数，搭配 be 动词 are。 3. is。解析：就近原则，离 be 动词最近的是 a banana（单数名词），故用 is。 4. isn't。解析：句中有 any，说明本句为否定句；soup（汤）是不可数名词，否定形式用 isn't。 5. are。解析：就近原则，离 be 动词最近的是 two potatoes（可数名词复数），故用 are。 6. aren't。解析：candies（糖果）是可数名词复数，be 动词用 are；本句为否定句，缩写为 aren't。 7. is。解析：a piece of bread（一片面包）整体视作单数概念，量词 piece 为单数，因此用 is。 5. 频率副词的用法 1）含义与频率排序（从高到低） always（100%）总是 usually（80%）通常 sometimes（30%）有时 never（0%）从不 2) 句中位置（口诀：实前 be 后） ① 实义动词前（eat/play/like 等） I always eat healthy food. She sometimes eats noodles. ② be 动词 / 情态动词后（am/is/are/should） He is usually at home. You should sometimes exercise. ③ sometimes 可放句首 Sometimes I eat fast food. 3) 例句（饮食习惯） 1　 I always have milk for breakfast. 2　 We usually eat vegetables. 3　 They sometimes eat candy. 4　 She never eats unhealthy food. 【进阶训练】 一、选词填空（always /usually/sometimes /never） 1.I ______ go to school on foot. Every day. 2.She ______ eats candy. She thinks it’s bad. 3.We ______ play games after class. Not every day. 4.My mother ______ cooks dinner for us. 二、连词成句，注意副词位置 5.always, I, healthy, eat, food (.) 6.is, she, usually, happy (.) 11.sometimes, they, rice, eat (.) 选词填空 1. always。解析：every day（每天），对应 “总是”。 2. never。解析：她认为糖果不好，所以从不吃。 3. sometimes。解析：不是每天都玩，所以是 “有时”。 4. usually。解析：妈妈通常为我们做晚饭。 二、连词成句 1. I always eat healthy food. 解析：实义动词 eat 前放 always。 2. She is usually happy. 解析：be 动词 is 后放 usually。 3. They sometimes eat rice. / Sometimes, they eat rice. 解析：sometimes 可放实义动词前，也可置于句首。 知识演练场 一、用所给单词的正确形式填空（可数 & 不可数名词） 1.I have two ______ (potato). 2.There is some ______ (bread) on the plate. 3.Would you like an ______ (apple)? 4.We can't drink too much ______ (water). 5.I'd like three ______ (apple) and some ______ (rice). 6.There is a bowl of ______ (soup) on the table. 7.Don't ______ (drink) too much cola. 8.You ______ (should) eat more fruit. It's healthy. 9.There ______ (be) two potatoes and some bread in the bowl. 10.A lot of ______ (vegetable) are good for us. 11.There ______ (be) a piece of bread on the table. 12.He ______ (never, eat) unhealthy food. 13.Don't ______ (run) after meals. 14.There ______ (be) many apples on the tree. 15.You ______ (should) go to bed early. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. I want ______ bread. A. a B. some C. many ( ) 2. There are many ______ on the desk. A. potato B. potatoes C. potatos ( ) 3. Can I have ______ piece of cake? A. a B. some C. many ( ) 4. We don't have ______ rice today. A. many B. much C. a ( ) 5. I'd like ______ water. A. a B. some C. many ( ) 6. There are lots of ______ on the plate. A. potato B. potatoes C. potatos ( ) 7. Please give me ______ piece of bread. A. a B. many C. an ( ) 8. There isn't ______ milk in the glass. A. many B. much C. a 三、用 be 动词 is /are 填空 1.There ______ some water in the cup. 2.There ______ two apples on the table. 3.There ______ some bread and two potatoes in the bag. 4.There ______ three potatoes and some rice on the plate. 四、句型转换。 1.Eat too much candy. （改为否定句） _________________________________________________ 2.You should drink more water. （改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答） _________________________________________________ 3.There is some rice in the bag. （改为否定句） _________________________________________________ 4.I usually have bread for breakfast. （对划线部分提问） _________________________________________________ 5.There are three potatoes on the plate. （改为单数句） _________________________________________________ 6.You should play computer games all day. （改为否定句） _________________________________________________ 7.They always eat vegetables. （改为一般疑问句） _________________________________________________ 8.There is an apple on the desk. （改为复数句） _________________________________________________ 六、阅读下面短文，选择正确的答案。 Hello, I'm Tom. I care about my eating habits. I always have a bowl of soup and some vegetables for dinner. They are healthy for my body. I like potatoes very much. I usually eat potatoes for lunch. I never eat too much sweet candy, because it is bad for my teeth. Sometimes I have a little bread. Look! There are three potatoes and some fresh vegetables on my plate. I want to keep healthy every day. ( ) 1. What does Tom always have for dinner? A. Soup and vegetables B. Bread and milk C. Rice and meat ( ) 2. Tom usually eats ______ for lunch. A. bread B. potatoes C. candy ( ) 3. Tom never eats much candy, because ______. A. he doesn't like it B. it's bad for his teeth C. it is not fresh ( ) 4. What is on Tom's plate now? A. Some bread and soup B. Three potatoes and vegetables C. A potato and some candy ( ) 5. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Tom likes potatoes. B. Tom always eats candy. C. Tom never eats vegetables. 参考答案 一、用所给单词正确形式填空 1.potatoes 2.bread 3.apple 4.water 5.apples; rice 6.soup 7.drink 8.should 9.are 10.vegetables 11.is 12.never eats 13.run 14.are 15.should 二、单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 三、用 is /are 填空 1.is 2.are 3.is 4.are 四、句型转换 1.Don't eat too much candy. 2.Should you drink more water? Yes, you should. 3.There isn't any rice in the bag. 4.What do you usually have for breakfast? 5.There is a potato on the plate. 6.You shouldn't play computer games all day. 7.Do they always eat vegetables? 8.There are some apples on the desk. 五、阅读理解 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.A 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $