Unit 7 Charities（ Grammar - Integration） 课文理解与灵活应用 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

本讲义聚焦8B U7 Charities单元，核心知识点为一般现在时和过去时被动语态（含使用情况、构成形式、转换方法及特殊用法如主动表被动、感官使役动词to还原），以及慈善机构写作思路（机构名称、成立时间、工作内容、支持方式），搭建从语法规则到语用实践的学习支架。 该资料特色鲜明，语法教学结合Orbis、UNICEF等真实慈善案例文本，助力学生在语境中提升语言运用能力。写作指导提供结构框架与核心句型，引导学生提取转化课文信息，培养思维品质。多样化练习（填空、阅读、写作任务）覆盖基础与应用，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

课 题 8B U7 Charities（ Grammar - Integration） 课文理解与灵活应用 教学目标 1. 讲解本单元语法：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态，包括转换方法、双宾句转换及特殊用法。 2. 讲解Integration相关课文内容，梳理慈善机构写作思路。 重难点透视 1. 被动语态特殊用法的辨析与应用，包括主动表被动现象及感官、使役动词被动语态中“to”的还原。 2. Integration课文信息的提取与转化，以及慈善机构类作文结构与单元核心句型的融合运用。 知识点剖析 序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况 1 Grammar知识点 60 min 2 讲解Integration相关课文内容，梳理慈善机构写作思路 60 min 教 学 内 容 Grammar----一般现在时和过去时被动语态 A. 阅读下面的文本并注意被动语态的用法。 A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year. Two months later he was cured by Orbis doctors. In addition to helping patients directly, Orbis does many other things. For example, local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis so that they can better help patients. With the help of Orbis and its volunteers, the lives of many patients with eye problems all over the world are improved. 【知识详解】 一般现在时和过去时被动语态 (1) 使用情况 ①　执行者明显；②　不知或无需知执行者；③　强调承受者 (2) 构成形式 · 一般现在时：主语 + am/is/are+(not)+ 过去分词； · 一般过去时：主语 + was/were+(not)+ 过去分词 (3) 引出执行者 by + 执行者 (4) 主动语态变为被动语态的方法： 将主动句的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成被动结构 “be + 及物动词的过去分词”，将主动句的主语变成被动句中 by 的宾语（或省略）。 主动句：Many students play football. （主语：Many students；谓语：play；宾语：football） 被动句：Football is played by many students. 【注意】： 1　 如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），可以把其中一个变为被动句的主语。若直接宾语（表示物的宾语）作被动句的主语，则在被动句中，原间接宾语（表示人的宾语）前要加介词 to 或 for。 2　 连系动词（如 smell, taste, sound, feel 等），主动形式表被动意义。 例：The flower smells sweet.（这朵花闻起来很香。） 3　 不及物动词（如 read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean 等），与 well/easily 等副词连用时，主动形式表被动意义。 例：The book reads easily.（这本书读起来很轻松。） 4　 感官动词（hear/see/watch/notice）和使役动词（make）： · 主动语态：后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，如 We saw him enter the room. · 被动语态：不定式必须还原 to，如 He was seen to enter the room. B. (1)What they do every year 他们每年做的事 · Charity activities are planned to help the poor. 慈善活动被计划来帮助穷人。 · Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 传单被志愿者分发给街上的人们。 · Old toys and books are sold to raise money. 旧玩具和书籍被出售来筹钱。 (2)What they did last week 他们上周做的事 · New books were sent to children in need by the Class 1, Grade 8 students. 新书由八年级一班的学生寄给有需要的孩子。 · Warm clothes were collected for children in disaster areas. 暖和的衣服被收集给灾区的孩子。 · A charity show was held at the school hall. 一场慈善演出在学校礼堂举行。 C. Do you know that there are millions of international charities around the world? Every year, lots of money is raised by different charities. The money is used to help people in need. Save the Children is one of these charities. It was founded in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. Every year, a lot of children’s lives are improved thanks to this charity. Last year, millions of children were helped by the education programmes from Save the Children. In addition, many people were trained by the charity to become teachers. But it’s not just people who are in need of help and support. Some other charities are created for different reasons, such as protecting the environment and animals. For example, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) works hard to protect the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife. D. Amy: I’ve just looked online at some different international charities. They’re all fantastic. Daniel: Oh really? What charities did you find? Amy: I found a charity called Oxfam. Daniel: What kind of work is done by this charity? Amy: It was founded in 1942 with the aim of helping poor children and families around the world. It also makes great efforts to make sure families are provided with clean water and hungry children are fed. Daniel: That’s amazing! Amy: Yes. I read an article yesterday. It was written by a volunteer from Oxfam. It said that millions of children are helped by the charity’s health programmes around the world. And these programmes are supported by many volunteers. Daniel: Wow! It sounds like a lot of amazing work is carried out by the volunteers. 【重点单词用法】 1. blind v.使失明 , 用法：主语可以是人、事物或自然现象，宾语多为某人。 例句：The accident blinded him in one eye. 那场事故使他的一只眼睛失明。 She was blinded in the explosion. 她在那场爆炸中双目失明了。 2. directly adv.直接 →adj.direct直接的 3. aim （1）v.力争做到，力求达到 【搭配】：①aim at/for sth 力争某事 ;②aim to do sth 力争做某事，旨在做某事; ③aim high 树立高目标 例句：We should aim at/for a bigger share of the market. 我们应该努力争取更大的市场份额。 We aim to finish the work by Friday. 我们力争星期五之前完成这项工作。 Young people should aim high and work hard. 年轻人要志存高远，努力奋斗。 （2）v.瞄准 【搭配】：①　aim at sb/sth 瞄准某人 / 某物； ②　aim sth at sb 用某物瞄准某人 例句：You should aim at the target. 你应当瞄准目标。 The policeman aimed his gun at the criminal. 这名警察用枪对准了罪犯。 （3）n.目的，目标 例句：My main aim this year is to learn a new language. 我今年的主要目标是学一门新语言。 4. in addition (to) 1　 in addition：单独使用，不接任何成分，通常位于句首，后面用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 例句：We need to buy milk and bread. In addition, eggs are also on the shopping list. 2　 in addition to：必须接具体的内容，可位于句首或句中；to +n/pron/V-ing 形式。 例1：In addition to English, they have to study a second foreign language. 例2：She spends two hours reading every day in addition to doing her homework. 5. hand out（分发）=give out (名随代中) Integration课文----UNICEF and other charities UNICEF: for every child, everywhere UNICEF is part of the United Nations. During World War II, many schools and homes were destroyed, and many children suffered. UNICEF was set up in 1946 by the UN to help children and young people in difficult situations. Now UNICEF is a powerful champion of children's rights around the world. It works in over 190 countries and areas. It provides clean water and food, education and healthcare to children. Moreover, UNICEF acts quickly in emergency situations and makes sure that children get help in time. Besides, it works closely with governments to develop programmes to help and protect children. Through its great efforts, UNICEF is making great progress to create a better world for children. B1 .Daniel is listening to a podcast about UNICEF. Listen with him and put the sentences in the correct order. Write the numbers 1 - 5 in the boxes. □ UNICEF provides basic education for poor children in many countries. □ UNICEF provides children in poor areas with clean water and food. □ People can help by donating money or working as volunteers. □ UNICEF raises money by selling cards and presents as well as organizing other activities. □ During the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF works with the WHO to protect children. 答案：2 1 5 4 3 B2 . · It is often hard for children in poor areas to get fresh water, clean air and enough food. · It is usually impossible for some children to have a safe environment because of wars or natural disasters. They even have difficulty getting necessary things. · Children in poor areas usually have little chance to use modern technology. · People should work together and do everything they can to help. B3. About UNICEF Everyone should have clean water and food, as well as education and healthcare, but it is hard for children in poor areas to get these things. Moreover, some parts of the world still face problems like wars or natural disasters. These make it difficult for those children to live in a safe environment and get what they need. Children in poor areas also miss out on jobs when they grow up because they have little chance to use modern technology. Many children need help and support from charities like UNICEF. UNICEF provides poor families with clean water and enough food. It also helps children receive basic education. In emergency situations like wars, natural disasters and the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF is always there to support children. We are lucky to have charities like UNICEF. They are working hard to make the world a better place for children. C. Daniel and Millie are talking about Chinese charities. Work in pairs and talk about the Chinese charities you know about. Use the conversation below as a model. Daniel: Have you heard about the China Welfare Institute? Millie: Yes, but only a little. I'd love to know more. Daniel: It was founded in 1938. It's one of the oldest and most influential charities in China. Millie: I know it's one of our oldest charities, but what kind of work does it focus on? Daniel: In the beginning, it helped people during the war. It now aims to provide healthcare and education to children and women in need. It has done a lot of wonderful things since it was founded. Millie: That sounds great! Daniel: Yes. It has many special programmes to support children and women at home and abroad. Millie: That's really nice. I hope I can volunteer for this charity one day. D1. Millie wants to write a report on the work of UNICEF. She made a writing plan. Read her plan below. · Name: Alina · Country: Pakistan · Family: Many children; poor · In the past: Worked on the farm all day; Could not read or write · The change: A UNICEF officer came and learnt about the conditions of the local people. · The result: Goes to school; Can read and write · In the future: Wants to become a teacher 【单元习作】 A girl’s life changed by UNICEF Alina is a girl from Pakistan. She used to work on the farm all day. Her family was very poor and had many children, so Alina did not go to school, and she could not read or write. One day, a UNICEF officer came to Alina’s village and learnt about the conditions of the local people. He said it was important for children to receive education. He wanted all the children in the village to learn to read and write. Three weeks later, Alina entered a local school. Now she goes to school every day. She can read and write. She enjoys school and is grateful to UNICEF for helping her. Alina says that she wants to become a teacher in the future. She hopes she can help other people some day. 【重点梳理】 1. set up v.创办；建立；设立；成立（set--set--set） →（后常接组织、机构类名词，如 school, hospital, government, company） 2. right一词多义 right 名词 权利 have the right to do sth（有权做某事） have no right to do sth（无权做某事） 名词 右边；右方 on the right（在右边） 形容词 正确的 What’s the right way to solve this problem? 形容词 右边的 My bag is on the right side of the table. 拓展短语 — all right（行；好） right away（立即；马上） 3. besides /except/except for /but 辨析 单词 含义 用法区别 besides 除…之外（还有…） 表累加关系，整体 + 部分，有“加上”之意 except 除…之外（没有…） 表排除关系，同类事物中减去部分，有“减去”之意 except for 除…之外 对整体主要部分肯定、局部否定，局部与整体不属于同类 but 除…之外 用法与 except 基本相同，习惯上用于 no,nothing,nobody,anything 等词之后 4. progress 【u】n进步，进展 常用修饰词：great, good, much, some ①　make progress（取得进步） ;②　make progress in (doing) sth（在（做）某事方面取得进步） 5. spread v.( spread— spread — spread) 1　 n. 传播，散布，蔓延；→the spread of …的传播 2　 vi. 传播，散布，蔓延，扩散 3　 v. 展开，打开，伸开 6. miss out (on) : 错失机会，含遗憾语气；后接 n./pron./v.-ing 【慈善机构写作要点】 · 话题分析：本单元的话题是 “慈善机构”，写作任务通常是根据提示介绍某一个慈善机构。写此类作文时： 1　 首先要说明慈善机构的名称、成立的时间、成立目的等基本情况。 2　 其次详细介绍这个慈善机构的具体工作。 3　 最后写人们可以做什么事情去支持这个慈善机构的工作或表达自己的看法。 · 人称：主要使用第三人称 · 时态：以一般现在时为主 · 常用句型：①　It was founded/set up in... ②　...was started in...with the aim of... ③　In addition/Moreover/Besides, ... ④　It also makes great efforts to make sure... ⑤　...provides...for... ⑥　We are lucky to have charities like... ⑦　It’s one of the oldest and most influential charities in... 基础练习 一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Luckily, Mr Li ______ (send) to the hospital in time yesterday and he's better now. 2. She aimed ______ (finish) her homework before dinner to have more free time. 3. He told me ______ (direct) that he couldn't attend the party. 4. Were you ______ (blind) by the car's bright headlights last night? 5. He will finish the work if he ______ (give) another 2 hours tomorrow. 6. The company must respect employees' ______ (right) to safe working conditions. 7. She plans to hike across the mountains ______ (raise) money to fund medical research. 8. What difficulty do you have ______ (explain) the reason to the policeman? 9. A charity show was ______ (hold) by the Students' Union last week. 10. He was one of the most ______ (influence) performers of modern jazz. 二、单项选择 1. — What can we do for Project Hope? — We can ______ leaflets on the street to encourage more people to donate things. A. take out B. hand out C. find out D. put out 2. — Mr Wu, when can we start the science experiment (实验)? — Only after the safety rules ______ clearly. A. are explained B. will be explained C. were explained D. have explained 3. ______ reading books, he also likes playing sports. A. Beside B. In addition to C. Except D. As well as 4. If both drivers and pedestrians (行人) are careful enough, many accidents can ______. A. protect B. be protected C. prevent D. be prevented 5. — Jiangsu Football City League, also called “Su Chao”, ______ from May to November this year. — Yes! It is made up of 13 city teams and has been super hot in the past few months. A. takes place B. is held C. was held D. have taken place 6. The logo in the picture represents an organization that helps ______. A.build a better world for children and women B. protect wild animals and their living places globally C. treat people around the world who can't see well D. provide people with medical care during disasters 7. This research ______ to find a safer and more effective way to treat the disease. A. aims B. decides C. hopes D. plans 8. Everything during the trip was fantastic ______ that our car broke down on the way. ______, we also met some great people who gave us help in time. A. besides; Besides B. except; Except C. except; Besides D. besides; Except 9. Mr Green makes ______ possible for us ______ English easily and in an interesting way. A.it; learning B. it; to learn C. that; learning D. that; to learn 10. Kitty dreams of becoming ______ UNICEF worker to make the world better. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. We are ______ to all the volunteers who devoted their time to the charity project. A. grateful B. helpful C. rude D. similar 12. Jack ______ ride a bike to the park, but now he ______ there to lose weight. A.used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walking C. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking 13. The government is trying its best to improve the living ______ of the farmers. A. information B. instructions C. invitations D. conditions 14. They dream of building a bridge between their village and the town ______ to make travel easier. A. some day B. some days C. sometimes D. some times 三、阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空 ( d ifficulty ， carry on with , help , he , volunteer ) Have you ever heard of a famous charity called Operation Smile? We hope we can help you understand how we are trying 1. ______ children all over the world. Operation Smile was started by a doctor and 2. ______ wife. In 1982, together with some 3. ______ they went to the Philippines (菲律宾) to help children who had holes in their lips (嘴唇) or inside their mouths. It was very 4. ______ for them to eat and drink. These volunteers worked very hard. But they worried that they could not 5. ______ the work because they didn't have enough money. ( thousands of kind donate call cure ) Then they decided to start a charity so that they could help these needy children. They called it Operation Smile. Operation Smile works in more than sixty developing countries and has cured 6. ______ children who have problems with their mouths. Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in 1999 they even started a special event 7. ______ “The World Journey of Hope”. Many children in the world 8. ______ during the event. So show your 9. ______ to the needy children now. You can send your 10. ______ to Operation Smile at local banks. Many thanks from the children who can smile now will come to you. 四、根据汉语提示完成单词 1. The law protects the ______ (权利) of workers to fair pay and safe conditions. 2. The team worked hard for years and finally won the national ______ (冠军). 3. Washing hands regularly is an effective way to prevent ______ (病毒) infections. 4. The government is working to improve the quality of public ______ (医疗). 五、从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，其中有一个单词或短语是多余的。 ( miss out on ， influential ， the spread of ， some day ， war ， besides ) 1. I don't want to go out. ______, it's starting to rain. 2. The government took strict measures to control ______ the disease. 3. If you leave early, you'll ______ the best part of the show. 4. The country suffered a lot during the ______. 5. Maybe ______ we'll understand why he made that decision. 六、根据汉语意思完成句子。 1. 联合国儿童基金会 (UNICEF) 于 1946 年由联合国成立，旨在为不同处境的儿童和青少年提供援助。 UNICEF ______ ________ in 1946 by the UN and ______ ________ children and young people in different situations. 2. 这个组织是儿童权利的有力捍卫者，确保孩子们能及时获得帮助。 The organization is ________ ______ the children's rights and makes sure they can get help in time. 3. 她进入了当地的一所学校，并感谢联合国儿童基金会对她的帮助。 She entered a local school and ______ UNICEF for helping her. 4. 梅将来想成为一名医生，有一天能帮助别人。 Mei wants to a doctor in the future and helps others ______ . 5. 在老师的帮助下，他这学期在数学上取得了巨大进步。 With the teacher's help, he has in math this term. 七、根据首字母提示补全短文 Oxfam International, usually known as Oxfam, is one of the biggest charities. Oxfam's ideas are simple: everybody in the world must have the right to live, 1. f______ to keep them healthy, clean water to drink and medical care. All these ideas are connected. Oxfam began its work 2. d______ World War Ⅱ. At that time the Greeks didn't have enough to eat because of the war. People in Oxford 3. d______ to give money and food to people in Greece. So the name Oxfam comes from two 4. w______—Oxford and Famine (饥荒). After the war Oxfam joined other organizations to form Oxfam International. Nowadays this charity helps people in different 5. c______ all over the world. Oxfam works in two ways. Firstly, it 6. o______ help in emergencies (紧急事件). In 2010 there was a big earthquake in Haiti. Over 200,000 people died and many more 7. l______ their homes. Doctors and volunteers provided medical help, gave out food and brought clean water to the villages. The 8. s______ way Oxfam works is to help people prevent future disasters. Oxfam has started a project called GROW, which helps farmers produce more and better food. But how does Oxfam pay for it all? One way to get money is with “ambassadors”, famous people who do 9. v______ work for charities and collect money. Ambassadors have different skills 10. b______ the message they send is the same—we should do what we can to help people in need! 八、任务型阅读 Poetry is a creative way to express your ideas and views in words. Many writers enjoy poetry because there are no real rules of writing a poem. Even so, there are some useful guidelines that can help you write poetry. Here’s how to get started. Keep reading The best way to become a better poet is to be a reader first. Reading poets’ works can help you find out what kind of poetry you might like to write. Ask a teacher for advice, or visit your local library and ask a librarian to guide you to the poetry section. Pick a subject When thinking about what to write, you can start by looking for people and things around you. Spending some time thinking about what you love is also useful. Moreover, you can draw inspiration from ideas and subjects that make a difference to you, such as saving animals or protecting the planet. Consider types of poetry Common styles are rhyming and free verse. With rhyming, you can make the first line rhyme with the second, the third line rhyme with the fourth, and so on. With free verse, you can rhyme or not rhyme at all. Start writing Keep writing down touching things on a small notebook, from colours to smells to sounds. From there, you can start writing your poem. Once you have a draft ready, you can put it away for a day. Then read your poem again and make it better until you’re happy with it. Share it with someone After you finish your poem, read it to a family member, a teacher, or even your pet. Reading a poem out loud can bring it to life. Follow the guidelines, and you will become a poet-to-be! Introduction Poetry has no real rules,1. useful guidelines can help with your writing. 2. on writing your own poetry Keep reading ●The first 3. to be a poet is to be a reader. ●To learn what to read,you can ask teachers or 4. for books on poetry. Pick a subject ●The subject 5. on what is around you,what you love, and what is important to you. Consider types of poetry ●Knowing the differences 6 . rhyming and free verse is also helpful. Start writing ●You can collect touching things,start writing,and 7. the poem. Share it with someone ●Reading your poem out loud to someone can make it 8. 9.Who is your favourite poet? 10.Why do you like him/her? 答案： 一、1. was sent 2. to finish 3. directly 4. blinded 5. is given 6. rights 7. to raise 8. explaining 9. held 10. influential 二、1~5. BABDC 6~10：AACBA 11~14：ADDA 三、1. to help 2. his 3. volunteers 4. difficult 5. carry on with 6. thousands of 7. called 8. were cured 9. kindness 10. donation 四、1. rights 2. champion 3. virus 4. healthcare 五、1. Besides 2. the spread of 3. miss out on 4. war 5. some day 六、1. was set up; aims to help 2. a powerful champion of 3. was grateful to 4. be; some day 5. made great progress 七、1. food 2. during 3. decided 4. words 5. countries 6. offers 7. lost 8. second 9. voluntary 10. but 八、1.but 2. Guidelines 3. step 4. librarians 5. depends 6. between 7. revise/improve 8. alive 9. Li Bai.（言之有理即可） 10. Because he was talented.（言之有理即可） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $