Unit 8-学霸必背知识清单 Grammar- Integration 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了译林版牛津英语八下Unit 8 "A green world"的核心内容，涵盖一般将来时的被动语态语法点及vote、pollute、affect等单元核心词汇，搭建从语法结构解析到词汇应用拓展的递进式学习支架。 清单通过表格对比呈现语法句型（如will be与be going to be结构的肯定、否定及疑问句式），分类解析词汇用法（如区分pollute动词与pollution名词、affect与influence的语义差异），标注重点搭配如"vote for/against"，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。实例丰富的例句设计帮助学生直观理解应用，既便于学生自主复习，也为教师精准教学提供有效支持。

Read and recite it one more time, and you'll really get the hang of it. --- Allan 2025译林版牛津英语八下学霸必背知识清单 Unit 8 A green world Grammar 1. 一般将来时的被动语态 （1） 构成：一般将来时的被动语态结构有两种： · 主语 + will be + 动词过去分词 ( + by + 发出者). 某人 / 某物将被…… 句型 结 构 肯定句 主语 + will be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者). 否定句 主语 + will not be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者). 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者)? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者)? The new park will be built next year. 新公园将于明年建成。 The homework won't be finished in an hour. 作业不会在一小时内完成。 — Will the concert be held in the gym? 音乐会在体育馆举行吗？ — Yes, it will. / No, it won't. 是的，会在。/ 不，不会在。 · “主语 + be going to be + 动词过去分词 ( + by + 发出者).” 表示 “某人 / 某物将被……”。 句型 结构 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are going to be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者). 否定句 主语 + am/is/are not going to be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者). 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者)? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to be + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 发出者)? These books are going to be sent to the countryside. 这些书将要被送到农村。 The meeting isn't going to be put off. 会议不会被推迟。 — Is the bridge going to be repaired next month? 这座桥下个月要被维修吗？ — Yes, it is. / No, it isn't. 是的，将要。/ 不，不将要。 How are the old clothes going to be reused? 这些旧衣服将如何被再利用？ （2）一般将来时的被动语态变化： 把主动语态的宾语→被动语态的主语； 主动语态的谓语→“will be/am/is/are going to be + 过去分词”； 主动语态的主语→用 by 引出 (可省略，若需强调执行者则保留)。 They will plant trees tomorrow. 他们明天要种树。→ Trees will be planted (by them) tomorrow. 树明天将被 (他们) 种下。 We are going to hold a party. 我们打算办一场派对。→ A party is going to be held (by us). 一场派对将被 (我们) 举办。 2. I hope everyone will ... and also vote for the activities you want to see in the future. 我希望大家都能……，并为你们未来想看到的活动投票。 · vote vi.&vt. 投票，表决 vote for/against sb./sth. 投票支持/反对某人/某事 vote on sth. 就某事进行表决 vote to do sth. 投票决定做某事 Did you vote for or against her? 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票? Now we will vote on this question. 现在我们就这个问题来投票表决。 We vote to hold a party to celebrate our success. 我们投票决定举办一场派对来庆祝成功。 3. In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers, so many of them are polluted. 在许多地方，垃圾被扔进湖泊和河流，所以它们中的许多受到污染。 · pollute vt. 污染 be polluted by ... 被......污染 pollute sth. with sth. 用某物污染某物 Factories must not pollute the clean river around the town. 工厂绝不可以污染小镇旁清澈的河流。 People pollute the sea with plastic bottles. 人们用塑料瓶污染海洋。 · pollution【不可数名词】污染 air/water/noise pollution 空气/水/噪声污染 To help cut down air pollution, many people go to work on foot or by bike now. 为了帮助减少空气污染，现在很多人步行或骑自行车上班。 4. In some cities, people's health is affected by air pollution. 在一些城市，人们的健康受到空气污染的影响。 · affect vt. 影响（损害、干扰、外界直接作用）→ be affected by sb./sth. 被某人/某物影响 The illness affected his body greatly. 这场病严重损害了他的身体。 Plants are affected by light and water. 植物受到光和水对的影响。 · influence vt./n. 影响（思想、品格、长期熏陶） have an influence on ... 对…… 有影响 Reading good books can influence your way of thinking. 读好书会影响你的思维方式。 Parents have a big influence on their children's growth. 父母对孩子的成长有着很大影响。 5. Harmful gases in the air cause coughing or worse, and more people will be hurt in the future if the air does not become cleaner. 空气中的有害气体会导致咳嗽甚至更严重的后果，如果空气不变得更洁净，未来有更多的人会受到伤害。 · coughing n. 咳嗽（强调动作本身、持续状态，不可数） His coughing lasted all night and made everyone worried. 他整夜不停咳嗽，让大家都很担心。 · cough v./n. 咳嗽（侧重具体的病症、一次/几声咳嗽动作，可数名词）have/get a cough 得了咳嗽病 cough a lot 咳嗽得厉害；不停地咳嗽 cough sth. (up) 咳出某物 This kind of medicine is helpful to your cough. 这种药对你的咳嗽有帮助。 I got a cold and had a bad cough. 我感冒了，咳嗽得很厉害。 She coughed a lot last night and couldn't fall asleep. 她昨晚咳个不停，迟迟无法入睡。 He coughed some blood this morning, so he went to see the doctor. 他今天早上咳出了一些血，所以去看医生了。 Integration 1. According to the United Nations, in the last 40 years, desertification has been a problem across almost 30% of the earth's land. 据联合国统计，过去40年间，荒漠化已成为波及全球近30%的土地的问题。 · according to 【介词】依照，根据（其后常接名词或代词） According to the rule, we can't run in the hallway. 根据规定，我们不能在走廊里奔跑。 2. It hardly had any living plants. 它几乎没有任何存活的植物。 · hardly adv. 几乎不，几乎没有（表否定含义，常用于实义动词之前，系动词be、情态动词或助动词之后） I could hardly understand what he was saying because it was hard to follow a quick speaker. 我几乎听不懂他在说什么，因为很难听懂一个语速快的人的话。 · hard adv. 努力地；猛烈地 adj. 困难的；坚硬的 All the students study hard to get good grades. 所有学生都努力学习，争取取得好成绩。 The wind blew hard and many leaves fell down. 风刮得很猛烈，大片树叶纷纷飘落。 This math problem is so hard that I can't work it out. 这道数学题太难，我解答不出来。 The ground is hard after the cold winter days. 寒冬过后，地面变得十分坚硬。 3. Plastic is very useful in our daily lives, but it causes a lot of damage. 塑料在我们的日常生活中非常实用，却会造成很大的危害。 · damage 【不可数名词】损坏，损失；损害 do damage to sth. 损害/破坏某物 cause damage 造成损害、带来损失 Smoking does great damage to your body and health. 吸烟会严重损害你的身体与健康。 Strong winds often cause damage to small houses nearby. 大风常会给附近的小屋造成损坏。 · damage vt. 损坏；损害（既可指对物体的破坏，也可指对身体的损害） The strong storm last night damaged several houses in the village. 昨晚的强暴风雨毁坏了村里的好几座房子。 Smoking seriously damages your health. 吸烟严重损害健康。 4. Collect batteries and electronic products. 收集电池和电子产品。 · electronic adj. 电子的（通常位于名词前作定语） Today, we have electronic maps on computers and smartphones. 如今，我们在电脑和智能手机上有电子地图。 · electric adj. 用电的；电动的 → electricity n. 电，电能 This electric fan works well on hot summer days. 这台电风扇在炎热的夏日运转良好。 We use many electric tools in our daily life now. 如今我们在日常生活中使用很多电动工具。 Please turn off the lights to save electricity every day. 请每天随手关灯以节约用电。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $