Unit 8-学霸必背知识清单1 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了译林版牛津英语八下Unit 8 "A green world"的核心内容，涵盖环保主题相关词汇、短语、语法及语境表达，搭建了从基础词汇辨析到语法规则应用再到主题语境综合运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现（如动词、名词、形容词）、对比辨析（如cause与reason的用法区别，separate与divide的语义差异）构建知识体系，突出重难点标注（如cause作动词"导致"的搭配"cause sb. to do sth."）和记忆技巧（如un-否定前缀例词unreal、unclear），培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。实用设计如"recycle的被动语态应用示例"帮助不同学生高效掌握，既便于学生自主复习，也为教师精准教学提供支持。

Read and recite it one more time, and you'll really get the hang of it. --- Allan 2025译林版牛津英语八下学霸必背知识清单 Unit 8 A green world Welcome to the unit 1. cause · cause cn. 起因，原因（多指直接造成负面事件、意外、灾害的客观原因）→ the cause of + 不好的事 ……的起因/原因； reason cn. 原因（侧重人做事/产生想法的主观理由、解释性原因）→ the reason for + 行为、决定、观点、日常事情 ......的原因 Smoking is one of the causes of illness. 吸烟是引发疾病的原因之一。 Please tell me the reason for your mistake. 请告诉我你犯错的原因。 That’s the reason for my being late today. 这就是我今天迟到的原因。 · cause vt. 导致；引起 → cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 Stress can cause many health problems. 压力会引发诸多健康问题。 The loud noise caused me to wake up. 巨大的声响把我吵醒了。 2. Burning of unclean fuels 不洁净燃料的燃烧 · unclean adj. 不洁净的 We should not drink unclean water, or we may get sick. 我们不应该饮用不干净的水，否则可能会生病。 The river became unclean because some factories poured waste into it. 这条河变得不干净了，因为一些工厂往里面排放了废料。 · un-为否定前缀，意为“不；未；非；反”，常用在形容词前构成其反义词。 real-unreal(adj.不真实的) clear-unclear(adj.不清楚的) friendly-unfriendly(adj.不友好的) able-unable (adj.不能，未能) lucky-unlucky (adj.不幸的) 3. Chemical waste 化学废弃物 · chemical adj. 化学品的；化学的 → chemistry n. 化学 My sister spends much time learning chemistry every day. 我妹妹每天花很多时间学习化学。 We must be careful with dangerous chemical products. 我们必须小心对待危险的化学制品。 · chemical cn. 化学制品（常用复数 chemicals） These chemicals are harmful to our health. 这些化学制品对我们的健康有害。 4. Chemicals poured into rivers and lakes 倒入河流与湖泊的化学物质 · pour 【及物动词】倾倒，倒出 → pour sb. sth. = pour sth. for sb. 给某人倒某物 pour sth. into/out of ... 把某物倒入/倒出…… pour ... over ... 把……倒在……上面 My mum asked me to pour some tea for the guests. 妈妈让我给客人倒点茶。 Clean the pot and pour some water into it. 把锅洗干净然后往里面倒些水。 He poured the water out of the bottle. 他把瓶子里的水倒了出来。 Pour the sauce over the noodles. 把酱汁浇在面条上。 · pour【不及物动词】倾泻 pour in 涌入 pour out 涌出 Rain poured down heavily all day long. 大雨一整天都在倾泻而下。 Lots of visitors poured in after the gate opened. 大门开启后，大批游客纷纷涌入。 People poured out when the bell rang loudly. 铃声响起，人们纷纷涌了出来。 5. Some rivers don't look clean and clear! 有些河流看起来既不干净，也不清澈! · clear adj. 清澈的 Clear water and green mountains are as important as gold and silver. 绿水青山就是金山银山。 · clear adj. 晴朗的 On a clear day, you can see most of the city from the top of the tower. 在晴朗的日子里，你可以从塔顶俯瞰整座城市的大部分地区。 · clear adj. 了解清楚的 She is quite clear about her own future plans. 她十分清楚自己未来的规划。 · clear 【动词】清理 → clear up 清理；收拾整洁 Please clear your desk before you leave the classroom. 离开教室前请清理你的书桌。 Let's clear up the room before our guests arrive. 客人到来前我们一起把房间收拾好。 Reading 1. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，玻璃、塑料和纸张等物品被分成不同的组，然后再回收。 · separate 【及物动词】（使）分开 → separate A from B 把A和B分开； separate ... into ... 把......分成（混杂分拣）→ divide ... into ... 把......分成......（一体拆分） My mum asks me to separate the eggs from the tomatoes. 我妈妈让我把鸡蛋和西红柿分开。 She separated the toys into two different boxes. 她把玩具分拣后装进两个不同箱子。 The book is divided into five main parts. 这本书被划分为五个主要部分。 · separate【及物动词】区分 → separate A from B 区分A与B It’s hard to separate right from wrong sometimes. 有时很难区分对错。 Can you separate this bird from that similar one? 你能分清这两只相像的鸟儿吗？ · recycle vt. 回收利用 recycle sth. (into ...) 将某物回收（制成......） → recyclable adj. 可回收利用的；可再循环的 We should recycle paper to protect our environment. 我们应该回收纸张来保护环境。 We can recycle glass into new glass products. 我们能把玻璃回收制成新的玻璃制品。 Please put recyclable things into this green bin. 请把可回收物品放进这个绿色垃圾桶。 2. In fact, Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world--it successfully recycles more than 50% of its total waste. 事实上，瑞士是世界上垃圾回收率最高的国家之一——它成功回收了其总垃圾量的50%以上。 · level n. 标准，水平 → meet a level 达到某个标准 at a high/middle/low level 处于高/中等/低水平 the level of ... ......的水平 All products must meet the strict safety level. 所有产品都必须达到严格的安全标准。 Her English is now at a very high level. 她的英语如今处于很高的水平。 We try to improve the level of our service. 我们努力提升自身的服务水平。 · level n. 水平高度 sea level 海平面 The mountain is about 8,000 metres above sea level. 这座山的海拔大约为8000米。 · successfully adv. 有成效地 → successfully do sth. = succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事 We successfully finished all the difficult tasks today. 我们今天顺利完成了所有艰巨的任务。 They succeeded in solving the hard math problem. 他们成功解出了这道数学难题。 · success n. 成功；成功的人(或事物) make sb./sth. a great success 使某人/某物大获成功 Hard work made the show a great success. 努力付出让这场演出大获成功。 Her efforts made her a great success in the field. 她的努力让她在这个领域收获巨大成功。 · total adj. 总的，全部的 → the total + 名词（数字/时间/金额） 总的......；全部的...... The total cost of the trip is about two hundred yuan. 这次出行的总费用大约是两百元。 The total time we spent here is nearly ten hours. 我们在这里停留的总时长接近十小时。 The total number of guests is more than eighty. 宾客的总人数超过了八十位。 Please write down the total score on this paper. 请在这张纸上写下总分。 · total n. 总数；合计；总计 → in total总计（作状语，一般放句首或句末，不直接接数字） a total of + 数字 总数为......（后必须加数字，用来修饰名词） We collected over two hundred books in total. 我们合计收集了两百多本书。 We have a total of three new classrooms now. 我们现在总计有三间新教室。 3. Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to people in need, and others are sent to factories for recycling. 一些衣服在慈善商店出售，一些送给需要的人，还有一些则被送到工厂循环利用。 · some ..., some..., and others... 一些……，一些……，还有一些…… Some students like reading, some like exercising, and others like travelling. 一些学生喜欢读书，一些喜欢运动，还有一些喜欢旅行。 · some ..., some..., and the others.... 一些……，一些……，其余的(剩下的全部)…… The students in our class are cleaning up. Some are sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the windows, and the others are cleaning the blackboard. 我们班的学生正在大扫除。一些人在扫地，一些人在擦窗户，其余的在擦黑板。 4. Our government has strict laws to protect forests and control pollution. 我们的政府制定了严格的法律来保护森林和管控污染。 · strict adj. 严格的 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格 My mother is strict with me and she is also strict about her work. 我妈妈对我要求很严格，她对自己的工作要求也很严格。 · control vt.&n. 控制 be in control of 控制；管理 be/get/run out of control 失去控制 be under control 被控制住；处于控制之下 lose control of 对……失去控制 You should learn to control your feelings. 你应该学会控制自己的情绪。 She is in control of the whole project. 她负责管理整个项目。 The car ran out of control on the wet road. 汽车在湿滑的路面上失去了控制。 The driver lost control of the bike and fell down. 骑手失控摔倒了。 5. When people break these rules, they will be punished. 当人们违反这些规定时，他们会受到惩罚。 · break vt. 违犯，违背 vi.&vt. （使）破，裂，碎 break down 出故障 break out 爆发 Some students may have traffic accidents because of breaking the rules. 一些学生可能会因违反交通规则而遭遇交通事故。 He broke his promise to help me. 他食言了，没有帮我。 I'm sorry for breaking the vase. 很抱歉我打碎了这个花瓶。 She dropped the plate and it broke into pieces. 她把盘子掉在地上打碎了。 My car broke down on the way to school. 我的车在上学路上出故障了。 A big fire broke out last night. 昨晚突发了一场大火。 · break n. 休息 have/take a break 休息一下 We have studied for an hour-let’s take a short break. 我们已经学习了一个小时，让我们休息一会儿吧。 · punish vt.&vi. 惩罚 punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而处罚某人 I don't believe that George has to punish the children. 我认为乔治没有必要处罚孩子们。 The policewoman is punishing the driver for breaking the traffic rules. 那位女警察因那名司机违反了交通规则而处罚他。 · punishment n. 处罚；惩罚 You should accept your punishment. 你应当接受惩罚。 6. For example, if we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined. 例如，我们如果在公共场所乱扔垃圾，就会被处以罚款。 · fine vt. 对……处以罚款 fine sb./sth. (+金额) 处罚某人/某物（多少钱） be fined (+金额+) for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事被处罚（多少钱） The company broke these rules and was fined. 这家公司违反了这些规定，被处以罚款。 The driver was fined 30 pounds for speeding last week. 那名司机上周因超速被罚了30英镑。 · fine adj. 身体好的；健康的；晴朗的 feel fine 身体好 fine weather 晴朗的天气 The sky is blue and it is fine today. 今天天空湛蓝，天气晴朗。 7. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it is important for us to protect it wisely. 我们依靠其丰富的资源生存，因此明智地保护它对我们来说很重要。 · wisely adv. 明智地 → wise adj. 明智的 → wisdom n. 智慧；才智 choose/spend/use sth. wisely 明智地选择/花费/使用某物 Natural resources are important to us, so we should use them wisely. 自然资源对我们来说很重要，因此我们应该明智地使用它们。 It is very wise of you to do so. 你这样做很明智。 Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。 8. These types of energy produce little pollution and will never run out. 这类能源产生极少污染且用之不竭。 · run out 【不及物】某物用完、耗尽（主语是物，后面不接宾语） We must act now because time is running out. 我们现在必须行动，因为时间不多了。 · run out of 【及物】某人用完某物（主语是人，后面必须接物品作为宾语） He has run out of his money. 他的钱已经用完了。 9. They are going to be used more widely in the future. 未来，它们将得到更广泛的应用。 · widely adv. 广泛地，普遍地 be widely used 被广泛使用 be widely known 被广泛知晓 It is widely known that he is good at speaking in public. 众所周知，他擅长在公共场合发言。 BDS has been widely used as public resources in our daily life. 北斗卫星导航系统作为公共资源已广泛应用于我们的日常生活中。 · wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的；广阔的 adv. 张大、敞开（空间上） This wide river runs through the whole small town quietly. 这条宽阔的河流静静流淌，穿过整座小镇。 The little girl opened her eyes wide in great surprise. 小女孩惊讶地把眼睛睁得大大的。 · width n. 宽度；广度 the width of + 名词 …… 的宽度 in width 在宽度上 The width of this new road is about twenty metres. 这条新路的宽度大约有二十米。 The room is six metres long and four metres in width. 这个房间长六米，宽四米。 10. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference! 记住，每个人都可以做点（对环境）有益的事! · make a difference 有作用，有影响（difference前可用big、great等词修饰，也可将a改为no、much等限定词） → make a difference to sb./sth. 对某人/某事（物）有影响 Even a small act of kindness could make a big difference. 即使是小小的善行也能产生很大的影响。 11. There are strict laws about waste management in the city. 这座城市在垃圾管理方面有着严格的法规。 · management un. 管理；经营 → manage vt. 管理；经营 The success of the shop comes from careful management. 这家店铺的成功得益于细致的管理。 She learns how to manage her time well at school. 她在校学习合理安排自己的时间。 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $